Origins of the United States of America the COMING of INDEPENDENCE 1

Home , Alexander Hamilton, Cabinet Battle, Dear Theodosia, My Shot, Say No to This, Ten Duel Commandments

Origins of The United States of America THE COMING OF INDEPENDENCE 1. Britain’s Colonial Policies a. Colonies largely ignored by the British Parliament b. British Parliament increase taxes in the colonies to support the British Troops stationed in the colonies c. “NO Taxation without Representation” THE COMING OF INDEPENDENCE 2. Growing Colonial Unity a. New England Confederation – initially formed for protection from Native Americans – soon faded b. The Albany Plan of Union • Benjamin Franklin proposed the colonies join forces to help raise naval and military forces, make war and peace with Native Americans, regulate trade with them, tax, and collect customs duties. • Plan eventually turned down by King George III THE COMING OF INDEPENDENCE 2. Growing Colonial Unity continued… c. The Stamp Act Congress • 9 colonies prepared a strong protest, called the Declaration of Rights and Grievances in response to increased taxes in the colonies • Boston Massacre (1770) • Boston Tea Party (1773) THE COMING OF INDEPENDENCE 2. Growing Colonial Unity continued… d. First Continental Congress • 12 of the 13 colonies sent representatives to discuss the Intolerable Acts sent by the Parliament • All 13 colonies agreed to form committees to boycott all goods from Britain • Planned on a Second Continental Congress to meet during May of 1774 THE COMING OF INDEPENDENCE 2. Growing Colonial Unity continued… e. Second Continental Congress • All 13 colonies sent delegates • John Hancock designated President of the Congress • This Congress fought the British during the Revolutionary War Alexander Hamilton

Aaron Burr, Sir

My Shot

The Story of Tonight

The Schuyler Sisters

Farmer Refuted

You'll Be Back

Right Hand Man

A Winter's Ball

Helpless

Satisfied

The Story of Tonight (Reprise)

Wait For It

Stay Alive

Ten Duel Commandments

Meet Me Inside

That Would Be Enough

Guns and Ships

History Has Its Eyes On You

Yorktown (The World Turned Upside Down)

What Comes Next

Dear Theodosia

Non-Stop Introducing Alexander Hamilton…

THE COMING OF INDEPENDENCE 2. Growing Colonial Unity continued… f. The Declaration of Independence • Five Men Assigned to Write – Benjamin Franklin – John Adams – Roger Sherman – Robert Livingston – Thomas Jefferson • Adopted on July 4, 1776 THE COMING OF INDEPENDENCE 2. Growing Colonial Unity continued… f. The Declaration of Independence continued… • The Declaration severed ties with Great Britain and created a unique nation • Up to this point in history, NO political system had ever been formed on the principles of equality, human rights, and representative government that derived its authority from the will of the people. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE: “DUNLAP BROADSIDE”

• 200 were said to be printed • 25 are known to exist today • The most recent one found sold for 8.14 million dollars at an auction • This copy of the “Broadside” was found at a garage sale in the back of an old picture. • This was what was printed in newspapers and sent out at the time. • John Dunlap printed this version – this was an act of sedition punishable by hanging DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE: FORMAL COPY

Formal copy of the Declaration of Independence was written and signed in 1777. •This copy actually contains all the 13 colonies •The original copy contained only 12 of the 13 colonies signatures – New York was a hold out •Designed by Mary Katharine Goddard DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE…

The Declaration of Independence we all know… • Actually signed by everyone on August 4, 1776. • The Title has a few errors in spacing • Misspelling of British = Brittish in the document • John Hancock signed the largest for two reasons: 1. So King George III could read the signature – the king had poor eyesight 2. He was the President of the Second Continental Congress YOU’LL BE BACK… THE CRITICAL PERIOD 1. Articles of Confederation a. “a firm league of friendship” among the States b. Congress was a unicameral body made up of delegates chosen by the State (delegates could be chosen however the State wanted to choose them) c. Each State had one vote, no matter their population THE CRITICAL PERIOD 1. Articles of Confederation continued… d. No executive or judicial branches, that would be handled by committees in Congress e. Weaknesses: • No power to tax • Could only raise money by borrowing from the states • Couldn’t regulate trade between the States • Congress could only exercise their powers only if 9 of the 13 states allowed them THE CRITICAL PERIOD 2. The Critical Period, the 1780s a. States grew jealous and suspicious of one another b. Often refused to support the new central government c. Made agreements with foreign governments without the approval of the National Government d. Each state formed their own militias THE CRITICAL PERIOD 2. The Critical Period, the 1780s cont… e. States taxed other states goods and sometimes forbid trade with another state completely f. States began to print their own money, sound credit vanished g. Shays’ Rebellion caused the State Legislature of Massachusetts to ease the burden of debtors SHAYS’ REBELLION 1. Former revolutionary officer, Daniel Shays led an armed uprising of farmers. a. Demand for farm products drops b. Prices Fall c. Veterans had been discharged with certificates instead of cash d. Former soldiers were unable to pay debts accumulated during the Revolution e. John Adams was the President at this time. f. Adams created the “Riot Act” which outlawed illegal assemblies. 2. State troops finally ended the rebellion after rebels attacked state courts and a federal arsenal. Shays fled to Vermont. • George Washington and John Hancock come out of retirement to help with this problem. CREATING THE CONSTITUTION 1. The Framers a. 12 of 13 states sent delegates to the Philadelphia Convention (Rhode Island did not) it was quickly decided that the Articles were so bad they could not be amended. The delegation agreed to write a new plan of government b. The average age of the delegates was 42, and nearly half were only in their thirties. CREATING THE CONSTITUTION 2. Organization and Procedure a. Meetings were held behind closed doors b. George Washington was the presiding officer c. James Madison led the floor debates and kept notes on what went on. Considered the “Father of the Constitution” CREATING THE CONSTITUTION 3. Virginia Plan a. 3 branches b. Bicameral legislature - which would choose the executive and national judiciary. c. Representation would be based on population (large populated states favored) CREATING THE CONSTITUTION 4. New Jersey Plan a. Unicameral legislature b. Equal votes for each state (small populated states favored) c. Federal Executive would be created of more than one person d. The Federal Executive would be appointed by Congress e. The Federal Judiciary would be appointed by the Federal Executive CREATING THE CONSTITUTION 5. Connecticut Compromise (Great Compromise) a. Bicameral legislature b. Representation in the Senate would be equal for all the States c. Representation in the House would be based on population • Small states feared that larger states would dominate them under the Virginia Plan. CREATING THE CONSTITUTION 6. Three-Fifths Compromise: a. For purposes of representation and taxation, slaves were to be counted as 3 for every 5 there actually were b. Eventually abolished with the adoption of the 13th Amendment to the Constitution • Southern states wanted to count slaves as part of the state population. Northern states did not. • Each slave would be counted as three-fifths of a person when figuring representation in Congress. CREATING THE CONSTITUTION 7. Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise: a. The national government would regulate foreign and interstate commerce b. Congress was not allowed to tax the export of goods from any State • Southern states wanted to protect their agricultural exports and the slave trade from regulation by Congress. c. Congress could not act on the slave trade for at least 20 years (until 1808) THE ISSUE OF SLAVERY

1. Disputes over slavery during the Convention arose because slavery was far more common in the agricultural South than in the more industrial North.

2. However, slavery was legal in every states except Massachusetts. CREATING THE CONSTITUTion 8. Sources of the Constitution a. William Blackstone – “Commentaries on the Laws of England” b. Baron de Montesquieu – “The Spirit of the Laws” c. Jean Jacques Rousseau – “Social Contract” d. John Locke – “Two Treatises of Government” e. The framers own experience 9. September 17, 1787, 39 delegates agreed to the new plan of government and sent it to the states for ratification RATIFYING THE CONSTITUTION

1. The Fight for Ratification a. Federalists – favored ratification and strong national government and stressed the weakness of the Articles of Confederation • Alexander Hamilton • James Madison* • Many of those who attended the Constitutional Convention FEDERALISTS

1. Supporters of ratification for the new Constitution to the United States of America 2. They argued that the Articles of Confederation were weak and needed to be replaced.

Alexander Hamilton was a leader among the Federalists FEDERALIST WRITINGS 1. These were written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, all using the pen name, Publius. 2. They consisted of 85 political essays, written between 1787 and 1788, and were soon published across the nation. ▪ Non-Stop 3. These essays are still read widely today for their insights into the Constitution, the federal government, and the nature of representative democracy. 4. The Federalist Papers influenced many Americans to support the Constitution RATIFYING THE CONSTITUTION 1. The Fight for Ratification continued… b. Anti-Federalists – opposed ratification because it increased the power of the national government, it didn’t allow states to print their own money, and it lacked a bill of rights • Patrick Henry • Richard Henry Lee • John Hancock • Samuel Adams ANTI-FEDERALISTS 1. Opponents of ratifying a new Constitution for the United States of America 2. They opposed the new ratification process. 3. They thought the new central government would be too strong. Thomas Jefferson was a 4. Most of all, they argued staunch Anti-Federalist fearing the people did not have any that the Constitution rights protected under the needed a Bill of Rights Constitution as it was originally to protect the people. being proposed. ANTI-FEDERALIST WRITINGS 1. Anti-Federalists also wrote many essays, pamphlets, and letters 2. The essays by “Brutus” were most likely written by Robert Yates. They were first published in New York. 3. Richard Henry Lee of Virginia wrote a number of pamphlets and letters using the name “The Federal Farmer.” 4. Around the country, debate over ratification was fed by these various written works expressing strong views on both sides. RATIFYING THE CONSTITUTION

2. The Constitution, with a promise of adding a Bill of Rights, was RATIFIED on September 13, 1788, by 11 of the 13 states 3. New York City chosen as the capital (moved to Philadelphia in 1790, and into Washington D.C. in 1800) 4. First Wednesday in January of 1789 was set for the State to choose presidential electors and the first Wednesday in March was the date of the inauguration of the new government RATIFICATION TROUBLE AND SUCCESS, CONT.

State Date Vote Total Passed by: Delaware December 7, 1787 30-0 30 30 Pennsylvania December 12, 1787 46-23 69 23 New Jersey December 18, 1787 38-0 38 38 Georgia January 2, 1788 26-0 26 26 Connecticut January 9, 1788 128-40 168 88 Massachusetts February 6, 1788 187-168 355 19 Maryland April 28, 1788 63-11 74 52 South Carolina May 23, 1788 149-73 222 76 New Hampshire June 21, 1788 57-46 103 11 Virginia June 25, 1788 89-79 168 10 New York July 26, 1788 30-27 57 3 North Carolina November 21, 1789 195-77 272 118 Rhode Island May 29, 1790 34-32 66 2 What'd I Miss

Cabinet Battle #1

Take A Break

Say No To This

The Room Where It Happens

Schuyler Defeated

Cabinet Battle #2

Washington On Your Side

One Last Time

I Know Him

The Adams Administration

We Know

Hurricane

The Reynolds Pamphlet

Burn

Blow Us All Away

Stay Alive (Reprise)

It's Quiet Uptown

Election of 1800

Your Obedient Servant

Best of Wives and Best of Women

The World Was Wide Enough

Who Lives, Who Dies, Who Tells Your Story WHAT’D I MISS…

THE CONSTITUTION: INTERSTATE RELATIONS 1. Interstate Compacts – States can, with the consent of Congress, enter into contracts with foreign states 2. Full Faith and Credit – All states accept citizens documentation 3. Extradition – A citizen of one state cannot commit a crime in that state and flee to another state to escape, the state the citizen fled to will return the citizen to the state where the crime was committed 4. Privileges and Immunities – a state cannot draw unreasonable distinctions between its own residents and people from another state THE CONSTITUTION – HOW TO CHANGE… 5. Formal Amendment a. An amendment may be proposed by a 2/3 vote in each house in Congress and be ratified by the state legislatures of 3/4 (38/50) of the states. b. An amendment may be proposed by a 2/3 vote in each house in Congress and ratified by conventions held in 3/4 (38/50) of the sates c. An amendment may be proposed at a National Convention by Congress when requested by 2/3 (34/50) of the state legislatures and be ratified by the state legislatures of 3/4 (38/50) of the states. d. An amendment may be proposed at a National Convention by Congress when requested by 2/3 (34/50) of the state legislatures and ratified by conventions held in 3/4 (38/50) of the sates e. The first 10 amendments are collectively known as The Bill of Rights, which were ratified on December 15, 1791 Alexander Hamilton Yes, Alexander Hamilton is on the $10 bill. Yes, Alexander Hamilton was the first Secretary of Treasury. Yes, Alexander Hamilton was killed in a duel with Aaron Burr. What else do you know about Alexander Hamilton? Did you know he was an orphan? Did you know he was born in the West Indies and came to New York to go to school? Alexander Hamilton was the epitome of the American Dream, an immigrant looking for a better life. Using some of the songs from Lin-Manuel Miranda’s musical, we are going to learn more about Alexander Hamilton and the significant part he played in shaping the America we live in today. Mr. Miranda says that “Hamilton” is a “story about America then, told by America now”.

You will be placed in groups and will be assigned one of the songs from the musical. From each group, you will have a visual of some sort to show the class while presenting. This could be in the form of a poster, PowerPoint, or something creative that you come up with. You will also have a short 10 question quiz that you will give your classmates that covers information from your assigned song. Questions you will answer in your presentation: 1. What is going on the in the song? Provide evidence through historical facts. 2. What group does the singer represent? Federalists? Anti-Federalists? Those in favor of a revolution? Those not in favor of a revolution? 3. Who is the singer directing his message towards? 4. Background of characters in the song? How did they get to this point in our history? Responsibilities within your group: 1. Oral Presentation (5 minutes in length, this doesn’t include the length of song) **oral presentation will begin with playing the song with the lyrics on screen 2. Evaluation presented and graded 3. Visual that can either be hung in hallway or set on a table. **Make sure you are using CLEAN version of music! Materials MUST be printed out prior to presentation! Visual – means you must have a visual to help students remember your song! (NOT JUST A POWERPOINT WITH WORDS!)

RESOURCES TO HELP WITH THE COMPLETION OF THIS PROJECT IN THE TIME PROVIDED:

1. Hamilton the Musical: Lyrics 2. 22 Hamilton Lyrics, Explained

3. YouTube Links… Act 1 Alexander Hamilton Aaron Burr, Sir My Shot The Story of Tonight The Schuyler Sisters Farmer Refuted You'll Be Back Right Hand Man A Winter's Ball Helpless Satisfied The Story of Tonight (Reprise) Wait For It Stay Alive Ten Duel Commandments Meet Me Inside That Would Be Enough Guns and Ships History Has Its Eyes On You Yorktown (The World Turned Upside Down) What Comes Next Dear Theodosia Non-Stop

4. History Channel: Alexander Hamilton Fast Facts 5. History Channel: Alexander Hamilton Article 6. Alexander Hamilton’s Legacy 7. Alexander Hamilton – Encyclopedia.com 8. The AHA Society 9. HamilTEN: Hamilton’s Top 10 Contributions 10. The Life and Legacy of Alexander Hamilton

Student’s Name: ______Hamilton Presentation Teacher’s Name: ______(Group) Title of Work: ______

“PRESENTER” Date: ______

Total Points Earned ___/75

0 Points 2.5 Points 5 Points

Student played song as Student played song Student did not play song. well as had the lyrics Song without lyrics visible for peers.

Presented information Did not present any between 1 minute to 3 Oral Presented information information. Presented minutes and 59 seconds between the 4-minute Presentation information up to 59 -OR- mark up to 5 minutes (not including song) seconds Presentation was excessively long…

Singer Student did not state Student wrongly identified Students identified the which group the singer the group the singer correct group the singer Representation represented. represented. represented.

Points Earned ->

0 Points 10 Points 20 Points Students did not state who Message the song was directed Students were not entirely Students explained towards and/or were correct in identifying who correctly who the song Direction incorrect in identifying who the song was directed. was directed. the song was directed.

Students explained with Students did not identify Students thoroughly Background of less than 3 facts the the background of the discussed the background background of the Characters characters. of the characters. characters.

Presentation had few Presentation had multiple spelling and grammatical Presentation was spelling and grammatical Grammar errors. grammatically correct. errors (more than 5). (between 1 and 5)

Points Earned ->

Student’s Name: ______Hamilton Presentation Teacher’s Name: ______(Group) Title of Work: ______

“VISUALS” Date: ______

Total Points Earned ___/75

0 Points 2.5 Points 5 Points

Student played song as Student played song Student did not play song. well as had the lyrics Song without lyrics visible for peers.

Points Earned ->

Presentation had few Presentation had multiple spelling and grammatical Presentation was spelling and grammatical Grammar errors. grammatically correct. errors (more than 5). (between 1 and 5)

Student’s Name: ______Hamilton Presentation Teacher’s Name: ______(Group) Title of Work: ______

“Evaluations” Date: ______

Total Points Earned ___/75

0 Points 2.5 Points 5 Points

Student played song as Student played song Student did not play song. well as had the lyrics Song without lyrics visible for peers.

Points Earned ->

0 Points 10 Points 20 Points

Presentation had few Presentation had multiple spelling and grammatical Presentation was spelling and grammatical Grammar errors. grammatically correct. errors (more than 5). (between 1 and 5)

Evaluation was created but not was not clear Evaluation was thorough, and/or relevant to clear and relevant to Student did not create an important information information covered in the

Evaluation evaluation. covered in the presentation. Student’s presentations. Student’s fully prepared for the minimally prepared for the evaluation. evaluation. Points Earned ->

Alexander Hamilton Yes, Alexander Hamilton is on the $10 bill. Yes, Alexander Hamilton was the first Secretary of Treasury. Yes, Alexander Hamilton was killed in a duel with Aaron Burr. What else do you know about Alexander Hamilton? Did you know he was an orphan? Did you know he was born in the West Indies and came to New York to go to school? Alexander Hamilton was the epitome of the American Dream, an immigrant looking for a better life. Using some of the songs from Lin-Manuel Miranda’s musical, we are going to learn more about Alexander Hamilton and the significant part he played in shaping the America we live in today. Mr. Miranda says that “Hamilton” is a “story about America then, told by America now”. INSTRUCTIONS FOR THIS PROJECT You will be working individually and will be assigned one of the songs from the musical. You will have a visual of some sort to show the class while presenting. This could be in the form of a poster, PowerPoint, or something creative that you come up with. You will also have a short 10 question quiz that you will give your classmates that covers information from your assigned song. Questions you will answer in your presentation: 1. What is going on the in the song? Provide evidence through historical facts. 2. What group does the singer represent? Federalists? Anti-Federalists? Those in favor of a revolution? Those not in favor of a revolution? 3. Who is the singer directing his message towards? 4. Background of characters in the song? How did they get to this point in our history? Responsibilities: 1. Oral Presentation (3-5 minutes in length, this doesn’t include the length of song) **oral presentation will begin with playing the song with the lyrics on screen 2. Evaluation presented and graded 3. Visual that can either be hung in hallway or set on a table. **Make sure you are using CLEAN version of music! Materials MUST be printed prior to presentation! Visual – means you must have a visual to help students remember your song! (NOT JUST A POWERPOINT WITH WORDS!)

RESOURCES TO HELP WITH THE COMPLETION OF THIS PROJECT IN THE TIME PROVIDED:

11. Hamilton the Musical: Lyrics 12. 22 Hamilton Lyrics, Explained

13. YouTube Links… Act 2 What'd I Miss Cabinet Battle #1 Take A Break Say No To This The Room Where It Happens Schuyler Defeated Cabinet Battle #2 Washington On Your Side One Last Time I Know Him The Adams Administration We Know Hurricane The Reynolds Pamphlet Burn Blow Us All Away Stay Alive (Reprise) It's Quiet Uptown Election of 1800 Your Obedient Servant Best of Wives and Best of Women The World Was Wide Enough Who Lives, Who Dies, Who Tells Your Story

14. History Channel: Alexander Hamilton Fast Facts 15. History Channel: Alexander Hamilton Article 16. Alexander Hamilton’s Legacy 17. Alexander Hamilton – Encyclopedia.com 18. The AHA Society 19. HamilTEN: Hamilton’s Top 10 Contributions 20. The Life and Legacy of Alexander Hamilton

Hamilton Student’s Name: ______Presentation Teacher’s Name: ______(Individual) Title of Work: ______Total Points Earned ____/115 Date: ______

0 Points 2.5 Points 5 Points

Student played song as Student played song Student did not play song. well as had the lyrics Song without lyrics visible for peers.

Points Earned ->

Presentation had few Presentation had multiple spelling and grammatical Presentation was spelling and grammatical Grammar errors. grammatically correct. errors (more than 5). (between 1 and 5)

Minimal Visuals were used Visual presentation was in the presentation creative and/or used Visual No visuals in presentation. (Less than 3) pictures that provided a Did not help keep interest sense of interest throughout presentation. throughout presentation. Evaluation was created but not was not clear Evaluation was thorough, and/or relevant to clear and relevant to Student did not create an important information information covered in the

Evaluation evaluation. covered in the presentation. Student’s presentations. Student’s fully prepared for the minimally prepared for the evaluation. evaluation. Points Earned ->