Eastenders pbs tv guide

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Fayette St. Syracuse, NY 13204 P: 315.453.2424 F: 315-451-8824 Radio NEWS TV Program Schedule TV Show WiCkNeY KIDS PBS Kids Schedule Of Education Enterprise America Regents Review CTE Support Auctions Membership Other Ways to Give a Runing Volunteer Event To a Woman's Event Who Make America About Us © 2020 British EastEndersGenreSoap Opera Created by Julia Smith Author Of The VariousStarring Presenting PresentIng Present Former actor's composition Theme composer Leslie Osborne's opening themeEsthEnders theme tuneCountry OriginImoderative Language (s)EnglishNo. эпизодов6,148-1-ProductionExecutive producer (s)Разные (в настоящее время Джон Сен исполнительный продюсер; Кейт Оутс старший исполнительный продюсер)Продюсер (ы) Различные (в настоящее время Шарон Баттен) установка с несколькими камерами30 минут (с редкими/короткими эпизодами)Производственная компания (ы)BBC StudiosReleaseOriginal сеть BBC One BBC One HD (2010-) Формат изображения 576i 4:3 SDTV (1985-1999) 576i 16:9 SDTV (1999-2010) 1080i 16:9 HDTV (2010-) Аудио форматDolby Digital 5.1Оригинальный релиз19 февраля 1985 (1985-02-19) -presentChronologyСвязь показывает Het Oude Noorden (1993) EastEnders Revealed (1998-1998-19982012) EastEnders: E20 (2010-2011) Кэт и Alfie: Redwater (2017) Различные спин-оффы Внешние linksWebsite EastEnders является британская мыльная опера, созданная Джулия Смит и Тони Холланд, который был показан на BBC One с 1985 года. Located in Albert Square in 's East End in the fictional area, the program follows the stories of locals and their families as they go about their daily lives. Initially there were two 30-minute episodes a week, later increasing to three, but since 2001, episodes have been broadcast on every weekday except Wednesday (outside of special occasions). A three-month suspension of production in 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, led to the broadcast of the show being reduced to two 30-minute episodes per week, and eventually, the show takes place on a broadcast break. Restrictions on filming led to the program's return to broadcasting, and on September 7, 2020, four 20-minute episodes per week resumed. Within eight months of the show's initial launch, it reached number one in the BARB television rankings and consistently remained among the best rated series in the UK. In 2013, the average audience share of the episode was about 30 percent. Today, EastEnders remains an important programme in terms of success and audience share for the BBC. Also in the history of British television drama, addressing many issues that are considered controversial or taboo in British culture, and the portrayal of social life previously unseen on British mainstream television. As of September 2019, EastEnders has won ten BAFTA and Awards for best soap for 14 consecutive years (from 1997 to 2012), as well as twelve national television awards for best popular serial drama and 11 awards for best British soap at the British Soap Awards. He also won 13 TV Fast and TV Choice Awards for Best Soap, Six TRIC Awards for Soap of the Year, four Awards for Best Continuing Drama and was inducted into the Pink d'Or Hall of Fame. The concept of history and preparation for broadcast in March 1983, two years before the first episode of EastEnders, the show was a vague idea in the minds of a handful of BBC executives who decided that BBC1 needed a popular biweekly drama series that would attract the kind of mass audience that ITV was getting with . The first people david Reed, then the head of the series and TV series, turned to were Julia Smith and Tony Holland, a well- ed producer/script editor who first worked together on K-Cars. The sketches presented by Reed were vague: two episodes a week, 52 weeks a year. After the concept was put on them on March 14, 1983, Smith and Holland then went about putting their ideas on paper; they decided that it would be installed in London's East End. Granada Television gave Smith unlimited access to the Coronation Street production for a month so she could get an idea of how the ongoing drama was produced. At first there was concern that the public would not accept the new soap in the south of , although research commissioned by leading BBC figures showed that southerners would take northern soap, northerners would take the southern soap, and those from the Midlands, as Julia Smith herself pointed out, did not mind where it was installed while it was elsewhere. This was the beginning of a close and ongoing link between EastEnders and audience research, which, while commonplace today, was something of a revolution in practice. The show's creators were both Londoners, but when they explored the Victorian squares, they found huge changes in areas they thought they knew well. However, venturing further into London's East End, they found exactly what they were looking for: the real spirit of East End-inside-looking quality, distrust of strangers and power figures, a sense of territory and community that the creators summed up as Hurt one of us and you hurt us all. In developing EastEnders, Smith and Holland looked at influential models such as Coronation Street, but they found that rather outdated and nostalgic view of working class life. Only after EastEnders began, and featured characters Tony Carpenter and Calvin Carpenter, did Coronation Street begin to feature black characters, for example. They concluded that Coronation Street had aged with its audience and that EastEnders would have to attract a younger, more socially-extensive audience, ensuring that it had the longevity to keep it for years afterwards. They also looked at Brookside but found that there were no central meeting points for the characters, making it difficult for writers to intertwine different storylines, so EastEnders was set in Albert Square. The previous British soap, installed in the East End market, was ATV's Market in Honey Lane between 1967 and 1969. However, this show, which ended from one show a week to two in three separate series (the last series is shown at different time intervals across the ITV network) was very different in style and approach from EastEnders. The British Film Institute described Market In Honey Lane as saying: It was not a program that was not innovative in any revolutionary ideas in technology and production, but simply offered itself to the casual viewer as a slightly pleasant thing to do. EastEnders, while also showing the East End street market, will be very different in its approach and impact. The target launch date was originally January 1985. Smith and Holland had eleven months to write, quit and take it all off. However, in February 1984 they did not even have a name or a place to film. Both Smith and Holland were unhappy with the launch date in January 1985, in favour of November or even September 1984, when the seasonal audience would have been higher, but the BBC remained solid, and Smith and Holland had to admit that, with the huge task of getting Elstree Studios operating, January was the most realistic date. However, the decision was later changed to February. The project had a number of working titles: Square Dance, Round the Square, Round the Houses, London Pride and East 8. It was the last one that stuck (E8 is a postcode for Hackney) in the first months of the creative process. However, the show was renamed after many casting agents mistakenly thought the show would be called Estate, and a fictional E20 postcode was created instead of using E8. Julia Smith came up with the name Eastenders after she and Holland called theatre agents for months and asked, Do you have the real East Enders in your books? Originally created characters and casting , and Lou Beale were the original Walford. After they decided to film the filming The BBC Elstree Centre in Hertfordshire, Smith and Holland have set about creating the 23 characters needed in just 14 days. They vacationed in Playa de los Pocillos, Lanzarote, and began to create characters. Holland created the family of Beale and Fowler, relying on their own background. His mother, Ethel Holland, was one of four sisters raised in Walthamstow. Her older sister, Lou, married a man named Albert Beale and had two children named Peter and Pauline. These family members were the basis for Lou Beale, Pete Beale and . Holland also created Pauline's unemployed husband , their children and , Pete's wife Katie Beale and their son . Smith used her personal memories of the East End residents she met while exploring Victorian squares. Ethel Skinner was based on an old woman she met in a with inappropriate false teeth, and facing a rival with a neon sign, holding a Yorkshire terrier in one hand and a pint of Guinness in the other. Among the characters created were the Jewish physician Harold Legg, the Anglo-Cypriot family Osman, Ali Osman, Sue Osman and the child Hassan Osman, the black father and son, Tony Carpenter and Calvin Carpenter, the single mother Mary Smith and the Bangladeshi couple Said Jeffrey and Naima Jeffrey. Jack, Pearl and Tracy Watts were created to bring flash, trash and melodrama to the square (later they were renamed Den, Angie and ). Characters Andy O'Brien and Debbie Wilkins were created to show a modern pair with outwardly mobile pre-claims, and Lofty Holloway to show off an outsider; someone who doesn't fit in with other residents. It was decided that he would be a former soldier, since Holland's personal experience of former soldiers was that they had trouble fitting into society after being in the army. When they compared the characters they created, Smith and Holland realized that they had created a cross-section of East End residents. The Beale and Fowler family represented the old East End families who were always there. The Ottomans, Jeffries and Carpenters represented a more modern, diverse ethnic community in the East End. Debbie, Andy and Mary represented more modern people. After they had identified their 23 characters, they returned to London to meet the BBC. Everyone agreed that EastEnders would be tough, violent on occasion, a funny and edgy set in Margaret Thatcher's UK, and it would start with a bang (namely the death of Reg Cox). They decided that none of their existing characters were evil enough to kill Reg, so the 24th character, , was added to the lineup. He was a racist thug who often tried to get other young characters out of the way. When all the characters were created, Smith and Holland began casting the actors for the show, which also involved the show's lead director Matthew Robinson, who directed the audition with other directors such as Vivienne Coenes and Peter Edwards. The final preparation of EastEnders original title sequence, 1985-1993 Over the next few months, the set grew rapidly in Elstree, and the composer and designer was commissioned to create the title sequence. Simon May wrote the theme, and Alan Jepes created the visuals. The visual images were taken from a plane flying over London's East End at an altitude of 1,000 feet. About 800 photos were taken and put together to create one great image. The credits were later updated when the Millennium Dome was built. The launch was postponed until February 1985 due to a delay in the Wogan chat show, which was to be part of a major revamp of the BBC1 schedule. Smith was troubled by the late start as EastEnders no longer had the winter months to build up a loyal following to the summer ratings lull. The press was invited to Elstree to meet with the actors and see a lot, and stories immediately began to circulate about the show, about the rivalry with ITV (which launched its own market soap, Albion Market) and about the privacy of the actors. Expectations and rumours grew equally until the first broadcast at 7 p.m. on February 19, 1985. Both Holland and Smith could not watch; instead they both returned to the place where it all began, the Albertine Wine Bar on Wood Lane. The next day, the viewing figures were confirmed at 17 million. Reviews were largely favourable, although, after three weeks on the air, BBC1's share of the early evening returned to the figure of up to seven million, although EastEnders then climbed to highs of 23 million later this year. After the launch, group discussions and telephone surveys were conducted to test the audience's reaction to the early episodes. Detailed reactions were taken six months later and regular monitoring has since been carried out. The citation necessary 1980s broadcast story of EastEnders Press coverage, which was already intense, went into overdrive once the show was broadcast. With the public interest so high, the media have launched an investigation into the privacy of the show's popular stars. A few days later there was a scandalous headline - EASTENDERS STAR IS A KILLER. It was Lesley Grantham and his imprisonment for murdering a taxi driver in an attempted robbery almost 20 years ago. This shocking tell it all style set the tone for the relationship between Albert Square and the press for the next 20 years. The first episode of the show attracted about 17 million viewers, and since then it has continued to attract high viewing figures. By Christmas 1985, the tabloids had failed to get enough soap. 'Exclusives' about EastEnders storylines and actors on the show a staple of daily reading by tabloid shoppers. (quote necessary) Writer Colin Brake suggested that 1989 was a year of great change for EastEnders, both behind the cameras and in front of them. The original designer, Keith Harris, left the show, and Holland and Smith both decided it was time to move on too; their latest contribution coincides with the release of one of EastEnders' most successful characters, Dan Watts (). Producer Mike Gibbon was tasked with managing the show, and he enlisted the most experienced writers to take over the program's plot, including Charlie Humphries, Jane Halle and Tony McHally. According to Brake, the departure of two of the most popular characters, Dan and (), left a void in the program that needed to be filled. In addition, several other longtime characters left the show in the same year, including Sue and Ali Osman (Sandy Ratcliffe and Needet Salih) and their family; Donna Ludlow (Matilda Siegler); Carmel Jackson (Judith Jacob) and Colin Russell (Michael Cashman). Brake pointed out that the production team decided that 1989 was to be the year of change in Walford, commenting, it was almost as if Walford itself was making a fresh start. By the end of 1989, EastEnders had acquired a new executive producer, Michael Ferguson, who had previously been a successful producer on ITV's . Brake suggested that Ferguson has a responsibility to bring a new sense of vitality and create a program that is more connected to the real world than last year. The changes in the 1990s began in 1990 with the emergence of Phil (Steve McFadden) and Grant Mitchell () - the Mitchell brothers - successful characters who subsequently dominated the soap. As a new production team cleared the way for new characters and a new direction, all the characters introduced under Gibbon were axed from the show at the beginning of the year. Ferguson introduced other characters and was responsible for storylines including HIV, Alzheimer's and murder. After a successful soap reconstruction, Ferguson decided to leave EastEnders in July 1991. Ferguson was replaced by Leonard Lewis and Helen Greaves, who initially shared the role of EastEnders executive producer. Lewis and Greaves formulated a new regime for EastEnders, giving the show's writers more power to advance the storyline, with the scripting department providing guidance rather than prescriptive episode storylines. By the end of 1992, Greaves had left, and Lewis became executive producer and producer of the series. He left EastEnders in 1994 after BBC controllers demanded an extra episode a week, taking his weekly airtime from 60 to 90 minutes. Lewis felt that the production of an hour of reasonable The drama of the week was the maximum that any broadcasting system could generate without losing integrity. Starting the transition to a new schedule, the first trio of episodes, dubbed The Vic siege, marked Lewis' exit from the program. Barbara Emile became executive producer of EastEnders, staying with EastEnders until early 1995. She was replaced by Corinne Hollingworth. Hollingworth's contribution to the soap was awarded in 1997, when EastEnders won the BAFTA for best drama series. Hollingworth shared the award with the next executive producer, Jane Harris. Harris was responsible for the critically prepared episodes of Ireland and 's attempt on Ian Beale, which brought an audience of 23 million in 1996, about four million more than Coronation Street. In 1998, Matthew Robinson was appointed Executive Producer of EastEnders. During his reign, EastEnders won the BAFTA for Best Soap in consecutive years 1999 and 2000 and many other awards. Robinson also earned the tabloid soubriquet Axeman Albert Square after dismissing a large number of characters in one hit, and a few more after that. In their place, Robinson introduced new longtime characters including Melanie Healy, , Lisa Shaw, Steve Owen and Billy Mitchell. In the 2000s, John York became executive producer of EastEnders in 2000. Yorke was given the task of introducing the soap's fourth weekly episode. He axed most of Di Marco's family and helped introduce popular characters such as the Slater family. As what Mel Young described as two of EastEnders' most successful years, Yorke was responsible for highly acclaimed storylines such as Who Shoted Phil?, The Death of Ethel Skinner, Jim Branning and Dot Cotton in Marriage, Trevor Morgan's domestic abuse of his wife Little Mo Morgan, and Kat Slater's revelation to her daughter that she was her mother. In 2002, Louise Burridge replaced York as executive producer. During her time at EastEnders, Burridge introduced popular characters such as , Dennis Rickman, Chrissy Watts, , and the critically prepared Indian . Burridge was responsible for some of the ratings success stories, such as the relationship of Alfie and Kat Slater, Janine , getting her comeuppance, Trevor Morgan and Jamie Mitchell's death storylines and the return of one of the soap's greatest icons, Dan Watts, who was presumed dead for 14 years. His return at the end of 2003 was watched by more than 16 million viewers, putting EastEnders back in first place in the ratings war with Coronation Street. However, other storylines, such as a kidney transplant involving Ferreiras, were not well received, and although the return of Dan Watts proved to be a ratings success, the British press branded the plot and felt he questioned the show's credibility. The strong press reaction came after Dan's actor, Lesley Grantham, found himself at the center of an internet sex scandal that coincided with a rapid decline in viewer ratings. The scandal led to Grantham's departure from the soap, but the occasion was the celebration of EastEnders' 20th anniversary, an episode depicting the murder of Dan in the pub , the queen vic. On September 21, 2004, Burridge resigned as executive producer of EastEnders after constant criticism of the show. Kathleen Hutchison was quickly appointed executive producer of EastEnders, and was tasked with quickly transforming the fate of the soap. During his time on the soap Hutchison axed several characters, and reportedly ordered to rewrite numerous scripts. Newspapers reported dissatisfaction with Hutchison's work at EastEnders. In January 2005, Hutchison left the soap, and John York (who by then was the controller of the BBC's continuous drama series) took full control of the show himself and became acting executive producer for a short period before appointing Kate Harwood for the role. Harwood stayed at EastEnders for 20 months before being promoted by the BBC. Ross Kemp's long-awaited return as Grant Mitchell in October 2005 proved to be a surprise major ratings success, with the first two episodes consolidated to ratings of 13.21 million to 13.34 million viewers. On Friday, November 11, 2005, EastEnders became the first British drama with a two-minute silence. Later this episode won the British soap award for Best Single. In October 2006, Dieterrick Santer took over as Executive Producer of EastEnders. He presented several of the show's characters, including ethnic minorities and homosexual characters, to make the show feel over the 21st century. Santer also reintroduced past and popular characters to the program. On March 2, 2007, the BBC signed a contract with Google to put videos on YouTube. The behind-the-scenes video of EastEnders, hosted by Matt Di Angelo, who played Dino Wix on the show, was posted online the same day, and was followed by another on March 6, 2007. In April 2007, EastEnders became available for viewing on mobile phones, using 3G technology, for 3, Vodafone and Orange customers. On 21 April 2007, the BBC launched a new advertising campaign under the slogan There's more to EastEnders. The first television advert showed Dot Branning with refugee child Thomas, whom she accepted on the pretext that she was her grandson. In the second and third were Stacey Slater and Don Swann, respectively. The advertisement was also in magazines and on the radio. In 2009, producers imposed a limit on the number of speaking parts per episode due to budget cuts, averaging 16 characters per episode. The decision was criticized by the McGrath of Equity, who said: Trying to produce quality television on the cheap is doomed to failure. The BBC responded by saying that they had worked this way for some time and it had not affected the quality of the show. In the 2010s, CGI was first used in the show on February 4, 2010, with the addition of computer trains. On February 19, 2010, EastEnders celebrated its 25th anniversary. Santer came up with several plans to mark the occasion, including the first episode of the show to be broadcast live, the second wedding between Ricky The butcher and and the return of Bianca's relatives, Mother , and siblings Robbie Jackson, Sonia Fowler and Billy Jackson. He told entertainment site , it's really important that the feeling of the week is active and exciting and not too reflective. There will be those moments for some of our longer-lasting characters who briefly reflect on themselves and how they have changed. Characters don't know it's the 25th anniversary of anything, so it would be absurd to come up with too many situations in which they reflect on the past. The main engine of this week are great stories that make people talk. The live episode showed the death of Bradley Branning () at the end of the storyline Who Killed Archie?, in which Bradley's wife Stacey Slater () revealed that she was the killer. The number of views reached 16.6 million, which was the most watched episode in the last seven years. Other events to mark the anniversary included the spin-off OF The EastEnders: Last Tango in Walford and the internet spin-off EastEnders: E20. Brian Kirkwood, executive producer (2010-2012) Santer officially left EastEnders in March 2010, and was replaced by Brian Kirkwood. Kirkwood's first signing was the reintroduction of characters Alfie Moon (Shane Ritchie) and Kat Moon (Jesse Wallace), and his first new character was Vanessa Gold, played by Se Lucker. In April and May 2010, Kirkwood axed eight of the show's characters, left her role as , who left a hole in the show that Kirkwood decided to fill by bringing back Kat and Alfie, which he said heralds a new era for EastEnders. EastEnders began broadcasting in high definition on December 25, 2010. The old scenery had to be rebuilt, so the set of queen Victoria was burned in the storyline (and in reality) to facilitate this. In November 2011, the storyline featured the character Billy Mitchell, played by Perry Fenwick, chosen as the torchbearer for the 2012 Summer Olympics. In fact, Fenwick carried the torch through the Albert Square installation, with live footage shown in an episode on July 23, 2012. It was EastEnders' second live broadcast. In 2012, Kirkwood decided to leave his position as executive producer and Lorraine Newman. The show lost many of its significant characters during this period. Newman stepped down as executive producer after 16 months in 2013 after the soap was criticised for its boring storylines and the lowest-ever figures of about 4.8 million. Dominic Treadwell-Collins was appointed as the new executive producer on August 19, 2013 and was appointed on December 9. He axed several characters from the show and introduced the extended Carter family. He also presented the long-running storyline Who Killed ?, which peaked during the show's 30th anniversary in 2015 with a week of live episodes. Treadwell-Collins announced his retirement from EastEnders on 18 February 2016. Sean O'Connor, a former EastEnders producer and then editor of the radio soap opera , has been announced to take on the role. Treadwell-Collins left on May 6, and O'Connor's first enlisted episode aired on July 11, although O'Connor's first enlisted episode aired in July, and his own work was only seen on screen at the end of September. In addition, Oliver Kent was hired as head of continuous drama series for BBC Scripted Studios, which means Kent will oversee EastEnders with O'Connor. O'Connor's approach to the show is to have a firmer focus on realism, which he said was true to the DNA of EastEnders and a search way to capture what it would be like if Julia Smith and Tony Holland were doing the show now. He said EastEnders had always been distinctly different from other soaps, but over time we diluted our unique selling point. I think we need to be ourselves and get back to the origins of the show and what made it successful in the first place. It should be interesting, but it also needs to be informative - it's part of our unique BBC agreement with the audience. It doesn't have to be just a distraction from your own life, it has to be a study of the lives shared by viewers and characters. O'Connor had planned to stay at EastEnders until the end of 2017, but announced his retirement on June 23, 2017 with immediate effect, saying he wanted to focus on a career in film. John York returned as interim executive consultant. Kent said: is a Walford legend and I am thrilled that he will be joining us for a short period to oversee the show and help us build on Sean's legacy while we recruit a long-term successor. He initially returned for three months, but his contract was later extended. In July 2018, a special episode aired as part of a storyline about a crime with a knife. This episode that showed the funeral of Shaquille Kazemi (Shaheen Jafargoli) interspersed with real people talking about their true life experiences With a knife. On August 8, 2018, it was announced that Kate Kate Who was previously a producer on ITV soap operas and Coronation Street, will become a senior executive producer of EastEnders as well as and Accidents. Oates began her role in October, and continued to work with Yorke until the end of the year to ensure a smooth transfer. It was also announced that Oates was looking for an executive producer to work under her leadership. John Sen was announced on December 10, 2018 to take on the role of executive producer. At the end of 2016, EastEnders' popularity and audience began to decline, and viewers criticized storylines during O'Connor's reign, such as the Mitchell sisters' murder and a storyline centered around the local bin collection. Despite the fact that since the reign of Yorke and Oates, opinions towards the storylines have become more favorable, with such storylines as the sexual consent of Ruby Allen (Louise Lytton), which featured a special episode that broke new ground and knife crime, both of which created vital discussions. Soap won the award for Best Continuing Drama at the 2019 British Film Academy Awards; his first high award since 2016. However, in June 2019, EastEnders suffered the lowest ever ratings of 2.4 million due to its airing at 7pm due to BBC coverage of the 2019 Women's World Cup. As of 2019, the soap is one of the most popular TV series on the BBC iPlayer and averages around 5 million viewers per episode. The soap enjoyed a record year on the streaming platform in 2019, when viewers were asked to broadcast or download the show 234 million times, which is 10% more than in 2018. The 2019 episode of The Christmas Day was the biggest episode of EastEnders on THE BBC iPlayer, with 2.14 million viewers. In February 2020, EastEnders celebrated its 35th anniversary with a stunt on the Thames that led to the death of Dennis Landau. On March 18, 2020, it was announced that production had been suspended on EastEnders and other BBC Studios, continuing the drama in light of the new government guidelines following the COVID-19 pandemic, and that the show's broadcast would be reduced to two 30-minute episodes per week broadcast on Mondays and Tuesdays, respectively. A spokesperson for the company confirmed that a decision had been made to cut the show so EastEnders could stay on screen longer. Two months later, Charlotte Moore, the Bbc's director of content, announced plans to return to production. She confirmed that EastEnders would return to filming in June 2020 and that there would be a break in the show between the episodes before and after the production. When producing recommences, social distancing measures will be used and the cast of the show will need to make their hair and makeup, which is usually done makeup makeover On June 3, 2020, it was announced that EastEnders would be on hiatus after airing episode 6124 on June 16. The behind-the-scenes show, EastEnders: Secrets From The Square, will be broadcast on-site shows during a break and hosted by television personality Stacey Cooley. The first episode of the week contains exclusive interviews with the cast of the show, while the second episode will be a repeat of the show's iconic episodes. Beginning June 22, 2020, Dowley interviews two actors at the show's restaurant, overseeing social distancing measures. Kate Phillips, controller of BBC Entertainment, explained that EastEnders: Secrets From The Square would be the perfect opportunity to celebrate the show in the absence of the show. John Sen, the show's executive producer, expressed his excitement about the new series, calling it a unique opportunity to see from the actors himself exactly what he would like to be part of EastEnders. The EastEnders: Iconic Episodes series consisted of nine episodes: Dan and Angie, Sharongate, The Wedding of Amira and Siedah (Part 2), Walford Pride, Pat and Peggy, Who Killed Lucy Beale? 30th Anniversary, Max and Stacey, Shirley Confesses and Case pat and Frank. Plans to return the show to the show were announced on June 12, 2020. It has been confirmed that after the broadcast break, the show will temporarily broadcast four 20-minute episodes a week until it can return to its normal production. Sen explained that problems in the production and filming of the show led to a decline in production of the show, but also stated that the crew had trial techniques, filming techniques and new ways of working to prepare the show for its return. Filming resumed on June 29, and episodes of you aired from September 7, 2020. The installation of the Public Chamber of (as it looked from November 1992 to September 2010) is the main focus of Albert Square (pictured). Central to EastEnders is the fictional Victorian square of Albert Square in the fictional London borough of Walford. In the narration of the show, Albert Square is a 19th-century street named after Prince Albert (1819-1861), the husband of queen Victoria (1819-1901, reigned 1837-1901). Thus, the central location in Albert Square is the queen Victoria Public House (also known as the queen Vic or Vic). The show's producers founded the design of the square in Fassett Square in Dalston. There is also a market near Fassett Square on Ridley Road. The postcode for the area, E8, was one of the working titles for the series. The name Walford is both the street in Dalston where Tony Holland lived, and a mixture of Walthamstow and Stratford - the areas of Greater London where the creators were born. Other parts of the square and interiors are based on other locations. Bridge On one near the BBC Television Centre, which carries the Hammersmith and city metro line over Wood Lane W12, the queen vic at the former College Park Hotel pub in Willesden at the end of Scrubs Lane at the intersection with Harrow Road NW10 just a few miles from the BBC Television Centre, and the interior of fowler is based on a house in Manor Road, Colchester, not far from where the director of supervision is. The fictional local Walford Gazette newspaper, which features local news events such as the arrests or murders of characters, reflects the real Hackney newspaper. (quote needed) Walford East is a fictional metro station for Walford, and a tube map that was first spotted in mid-air in 1996 showed Walford East between Bow Road and West Ham, the actual location of Bromley-on-Bow on the Borough and Hammersmith City lines. Walford has an E20 postal district. It was named if Walford was part of the actual E postcode area that covers much of east London, E standing for East. The E20 was completely fictional when it was created, as the Postal District of London East stopped at E18 at the time. The show's creators chose E20 instead of E19 because it was thought to sound better. The real-life number system comes from the alphabetical names of the main grade bureau for each district. Had part of this real classification, Walford would have been assigned E17, which is the actual postcode of the area for Walthamstow. In March 2011, Royal Mail allocated the E20 postal area to the 2012 Olympic Park. In September 2011, the Albert Square postcode was featured in an episode under E20 6P. Characters Extra: The List of EastEnders characters and the list of past EastEnders characters is built around the idea of relationships and strong families, with each character taking place in the community. This theme covers the entire area, making the entire community a kind of family, a victim of disorders and conflicts, but put together in difficult times. Co-creator Tony Holland was from a large East End family, and such families characterized EastEnders. The first central family was the Fowler family, consisting of Pauline Fowler (), her husband Arthur (Bill Tricher) and teenage children Mark (David Scarborough/Todd Carey) and Michelle (). Pauline's family, Beals, consisted of Pauline's twin brother Pete Beale (Peter Dean), his wife Katie (Gillian Tylforth) and their teenage son Ian (). Pauline and Pete's overbearing mother, Lou Beale, lived with Pauline and her family. Holland relied on his family's names for the characters. The Watts and Mitchell families have been central to many of EastEnders' famous storylines, with the show dominated by Watts in the 1980s, from the 1990s Mitchells. In the early 2000s there was a shift in focus to the newly introduced female Slater clan, before renewing the focus on the reinstated Watts family starting in 2003. Since 2006, EastEnders has been dominated by the Mitchell, Ahmed and Branning families, although in the early 2010s they also focused again on the Moon family, and since 2013 onwards on the Carters. In 2014, the Fowlers were revived and merged with the Slaters, and Martin Fowler (James Doy) married Stacey Slater (Lacey Turner). The Taylor family was introduced in 2017 and was central to the show's main storylines. Key people involved in the EastEnders production highlighted how important the idea of strong families for the programme is. EastEnders focuses on strong family matriarchs, with examples including Pauline Fowler (Wendy Richard) and Peggy Mitchell (Barbara Windsor) helping to attract a female audience. John Yorke, then head of the BBC drama production, put this down to Tony Holland's gay, who showed love for strong women. The matriarchal role has been seen in various reincarnations since the creation of the program, often portrayed as the center of the family unit. The original matriarch was Lou Beale (), although more recent examples include (Lyla Morse), (Pam St. Clement), zainab Masood (Nina Vadia), Cora Cross (Anne Mitchell), Katie Beale (Gillian Tylefort), Gene Slater (), and Suki Panesar (Balvinder). These characters are often seen as loud and interfering, but most importantly, responsible for the well-being of the family and usually emphasizing the importance of the family. The show often includes strong, brassy, long- suffering women who exhibit diva-like behavior and stoically fight through a host of tragedies and misfortunes. Such characters include Angie Watts (Anita Dobson), Katie Beale (Gillian Tylforth), Sharon Watts (), Pat Butcher (Pam St. Clement), Kat Slater (Jesse Wallace), (Diana Parish), Tanya Branning (Joy Joyner) and (Kelly Bright). Conversely, there are female characters who deal with tragedy less well, portrayed as eternal victims and endless sufferers who include (), Little Mo Slater (Casey Ainsworth), Laura Beale (), Sue Osman (Sandy Ratcliffe), () and Mel Owen (). Tart with a is another recurring character. Often their promiscuity masks a hidden vulnerability and a desire to be loved. Such characters included Pat Butcher (Pam St. Clement) (although in recent years it has changed), (Martin McCutcheon), Kat Slater (Jesse Wallace), Stacey Slater (Lacey Turner), Don Swann (Kara Taunton), Roxy Mitchell (Simon Ritas), Dean (Shona McGarty) and Lauren Branning (). The gender balance in the show is maintained by incorporating various macho male personalities such as (), (Steve McFadden), Grant Mitchell (Ross Kemp), Dennis Rickman (), () and Max Branning (), Bad Boys, such as Dan Watts (Leslie Grantham), (Robert Kazinski), Michael Moon (Steve John Shepherd) and (Richard Blackwood), and heartthrobs such as Simon Weeks (), Jamie Mitchell (Jack Ryder), Dennis Rickman (Nigel Harman), Joey Branning (David Witts), Kush Another recurring male character type is a smartly dressed businessman, often involved in gang culture and crime and seen as a local government figure. Examples include Steve Owen (), Jack Dalton (Highwell Bennett), Andy Hunter (Michael Higgs), Johnny Allen () and Derek Branning (Jamie Foreman). After criticism aimed at over-attention of the show on gangsters in 2005, such characters were significantly reduced. Another recurring male character seen in EastEnders is loser or soft touch, males often comically under the thumb of their female counterparts, including Arthur Fowler (Bill Tricher), Ricky Butcher (), Harry Hobbs (Ricky Groves), Holly Holloway () and Billy Mitchell (Perry Fhoe). Other recurring character types that have appeared throughout the series are ticky guys Pete Beale (Peter Dean), Alfie Moon (Shane Ritchie), Harry Hobbs (Ricky Groves) and Kush Kazemi (Davood Gadami), Lost Girls, such as Mary Smith (Linda Davidson), Donna Ludlow (Matilda Siegler), Mandy Salter () and Hayley Slater (Katie Jarvis), criminals such as Stacey Slater (Lacey Turner), (Jamie Borthwick), Lola Pierce (Daniel Harold), Bobby Beale (Eliot Carrington/Clay Milner Russell) Altman), Trevor Morgan (Alex Ferns), Mae Wright (Amanda Drew), Yusef Khan (Ace Bhatti), (), Dean Weeks (Matt Di Angelo) and Stuart Highway (Ricky Champ), such as Cindy Beale (), Janine Butcher () , Lucy Beale (Melissa Suffield/Hetty Beewater), Abi Branning (Lorna Fitzgerald), Babe Smith (Annette Badland) and (Tilly Keeper), debaucheries or fighters such as Bianca Jackson (), Kat Slater (Jesse Wallace), Chelsea Fox (Tiana Benjamin), Don Swann (Cara Twinton), Stacey Slater (Lacey Turner) and Karen Taylor (Lorraine Stanley), and Broad Boys or Wheeler Dealers, such as (Mike Reed), Alfie Moon (Shane Ritchie), Kevin Weeks (Phil Daniels), Darren Miller (Charlie) Hawkins), Fatboy (Ricky Norwood) and Jay Brown (Jamie Borthwick). Over the years, EastEnders has tended to feature a number of older residents who used to show vulnerability, nostalgia, faithful as attributes and sometimes used for comedic purposes. Original elderly residents included Lou Beale (Anna Wing), Ethel Skinner () and Dot Cotton (). Over the years they have been joined by the likes of Mo Butcher (Edna Dore), Jules Tavernier (Tommy April), Marge Green (), Nellie Ellis (Elizabeth Kelly), Jim Branning (), (Derek Martin), Mo Harris (Lyla Morse), Patrick Truman (), Cora Cross (Anne Mitchell), , Babe Smith (Annette Badland), Claudette Hubbard (), Sylvie Carter (Linda Marlowe), Ted Murray (Christopher Timothy), Joyce Murray (Maggie Steed), Arshad Ahmed (Madhav Sharma) and Mariam Ahmed (Indira Joshi). Recently, more adolescents and successful young people have been included in the programme in an attempt to attract a younger television audience. This drew criticism, most notably from actress Anna Wing, who played Lou Beale in the show. She commented: I don't want to be disloyal, but I think you need a few mature people in the soap because they give it a spine and a body... If all the main people are young, it becomes a little thin and inexperienced. It gets too easy. EastEnders is known to have a comedy double act, originally showcased with characters Dot and Ethel, whose friendship was one of the most enduring series. Other examples include Paul Priestley (Mark Trippleton) and Trevor Short (Phil McDermott), especially in 1989, characters were attracted to characters that were deliberately conceived as comic or light-hearted. Among these characters was Julie Cooper (Louise Plowright); Marge Greene - an elderly lady, played by veteran comedian Pat Coombs; Trevor Short (Phil McDermott) - village idiot; his friend, northern heartbreaking Paul Priestley (Mark Thirpleton); Wheeler-dealer Vince Johnson (Hepburn Graham) and Laurie Bates (Gary Powell), who became Pete Beale (Peter Dean) sparring partner. Most Of The EastEnders characters are working class. Middle-class characters sometimes become regulars, but were less successful and rarely became long-term characters. Basically, middle-class characters exist as villains such as James Wilmott-Brown (William Boyd), May Wright (Amanda Drew), Stella Crawford (Sophie Thompson), Yusef Khan (Ace Bhatti) and Gray Atkins (Toby-Alexander Smith) or are used to promote positive liberal influences such as Colin Russell (Michael Cashman) or Rachel Kominski (Jacquetta) in May. EastEnders always featured a culturally diverse cast that included black, Asian, Turkish, Polish and Latvian characters. The expansion of minority representation signals a shift away from the traditional soap opera format, providing more opportunities to identify audiences with characters and therefore wider appeal. Despite this, the programme was criticized by the Commission on Racial Equality, which argued in 2002 that EastEnders did not provide a realistic view of the ethnic composition of the East End. They suggested that the average proportion of visible minorities on EastEnders was significantly lower than the actual ethnic minority population in east London, and so it reflected the East End in the 1960s rather than the East End of the 2000s. Since then, the programme has attempted to address these issues. The Sari store was opened and various symbols of different nationalities were introduced during 2006 and 2007, including the Fox family, Ahmeds, and various background artists. It was part of producer Diderik Santer's plan to diversify to make EastEnders feel more than 21st century. EastEnders has various successes with ethnic minority characters. Perhaps the least successful were the Indian Ferreira families, who were not well received by critics or viewers and dismissed as an unrealistic Asian community in the UK. EastEnders has been praised for portraying characters with disabilities, including Adam Best () (spina bifida), Noah Chambers (Deaf), Gene Slater (Gillian Wright) and her daughter Stacey (Lacey Turner) (), Janet Mitchell (Down syndrome), Jim Branning (John Bardon) Lesbian and bisexual characters (see list of soap operas with LGBT characters), including Colin Russell (Michael Cashman), Barry Clarke (Gary Hale), Simon Raymond (Andrew Linford), Tony Hills (Mark Homer), Sonia Fowler (), Naomi Julien (Petra Letang), (Louise Brad) Laby), Ikro Ahmed (Priya Davdra), Ash Kaur (Gurlane Kaur Garcha) and Callum Half Highway (Tony Clay). Kyle Carter Millington, a transgender character, was introduced in 2015. EastEnders has a high turnover, and characters change regularly to facilitate storylines or update formats. The show also became aware of the return of the characters after they left the show. Sharon Watts (Letitia Dean) returned in August 2012 for her third stint on the show. Dan Watts (Leslie Grantham) is back 14 years after he is believed to have died, a feat repeated by Katie Beale (Gillian) 2015. Talking extras, including Tracy the barmaid (Jane Slaughter) (who has been in the show since the first episode in 1985), have made appearances throughout the show without being the focus of any major storylines. Nick Cotton's character () gained a reputation for constant release and return from the first year of the program, until the character's death in 2015. From October 2019, Adam Woodyatt, and Letitia Dean are the only members of the original cast remaining on the show, starring Ian Beale, Katie Beale and Sharon Watts respectively. Ian Beale is the only character to appear continuously from the first episode without officially leaving, and is the longest-running character in EastEnders. Tracy the barmaid is the longest-serving female character on the show, appearing since 1985, albeit as a minor character. The storylines this section needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (April 2017) The creators of the EastEnders programme decided that the show would be about everyday life in the city centre today and regarded it as a piece of life. Creator/producer Julia Smith said that we don't make life, we reflect it. She also said: We decided to go for a realistic, rather frank type of drama that could include stories about homosexuality, rape, unemployment, racial prejudice, etc., in a believable context. First of all, we wanted realism. In 2011, the BBC's head of drama, John Yorke, said the real East End had changed significantly since EastEnders began, and the show no longer truly reflected real life, but that it had emotional truthfulness and was partly true to the original vision and partly adapted to the changing world, adding that if there was an exhibition where every home would be worth a fortune and each would be driven by a fortune. You have to show shades of this change, but some things are immutable, I would say, like Vic and the market. In the 1980s, EastEnders featured dirty storylines related to drugs and crime, representing the problems facing Britain's working class under Thatcherism. Storylines included the death of 14-month-old Hassan Osman, Nick Cotton (John Altman) homophobia, racism and murder Reg Cox (Johnny Clayton), Arthur Fowler (Bill Treacher) unemployment reflects the recession of the 1980s, the rape of Katie Beale (Gillian Tailforth) in 1988 by James Willmott-Brown (William Boyd) Shaw also engaged in prostitution, mixed race relations, shoplifting, sexism, divorce, domestic violence. In 1989, the programme was criticized in the British media for being too depressing, and in keeping with Colin Brake, the program's creators, was determined to change that. In 1989, there was a deliberate attempt to increase the lighter, more comic aspects of life in Albert Square. This led to the introduction of some characters who were deliberately conceived as comic or light-hearted. Brake suggested that humour was an important element of EastEnders storylines in 1989, with more slapping and light comedy than before. He classed the 1989 class as a bold experiment, and suggested that while some found this period EastEnders entertaining, many other viewers felt that comedy stretched confidence in the program. Although the program still covered many issues in 1989, such as domestic violence, drugs, rape and racism, Brake reflected that the new emphasis on a more balanced mix between light and heavy storylines gave the illusion that the show had lost a certain edge. As the show progressed in the 1990s, EastEnders still featured hard-hitting issues such as Mark Fowler () showing he was HIV-positive 162 in 1991, The death of his wife Gill (Susanna Dawson) from aids-related disease in 1992, murder, acceptance, miscarriage, the battle of Peggy Mitchell (Barbara Windsor) with breast cancer, mental health problems faced in 1996, when 16-year-old Joe Weeks developed schizophrenia after the early death of his sister in a car accident. Mark Fowler's long-term storyline about HIV has been so successful in raising awareness that in 1999, a survey by the National Aid Foundation found teens got most of their information about HIV from soap, although one activist noted that in some ways the plot did not reflect what was happening while the condition was more prevalent among the gay community. However, heterosexual Mark has struggled with various issues related to his HIV status, including public fears of contamination, the breakdown of marriage due to his inability to have children and the side effects of combination therapy. In the early 2000s, EastEnders covered euthanasia with the death of Ethel Skinner (Gretchen Franklin) in a pact with her girlfriend Dot Cotton (June Brown), the discovery of the sexual abuse of Kat Slater (Jesse Wallace) by her uncle Harry () as a child (which led to the birth of her daughter zoe () who was raised, to believe she was her sister. , domestic violence Little Mo Morgan (Casey Ainsworth) husband Trevor (Alex Ferns) (who was involved in spousal rape and the culmination of Trevor's death after as he tried to kill Little Moe in the fire), Sonia Jackson (Natalie Cassidy) gave birth at the age of 15 and then put her baby up for adoption, and Janine Butcher (Charlie Brooks) prostitution Soap also tackles the issue of mental illness and carers of people who have mental conditions, illustrated with mother and daughter Jean (Gillian Wright) and Stacey Slater (Lacey Turner); Jean suffers from bipolar disorder, and her teenage daughter Stacey was her carer (this storyline won the Mental Health Media Award in September 2006). Stacey continued to fight the mess herself. The problem of illiteracy was highlighted by the characters Keith middle-aged (David Spinks) and his young son Darren (Charlie G. Hawkins). EastEnders has also addressed the issue of Down syndrome as Billy (Perry Fenwick) and Honey Mitchell (Emma Barton) have a baby, Janet Mitchell (Grace), born with the condition in 2006. EastEnders covered child abuse with its storyline including Phil Mitchell (Steve McFadden) 11-year-old son Ben (Charlie Jones) and lawyer girlfriend Stella Crawford (Sophie Thompson), 167 and including characters Tony King () as the perpetrator and Whitney (Shona McGarty) as a victim. In addition, the soap opera staples of youthful romance, jealousy, internal rivalry, gossip and extramarital affairs are regularly featured, with high-profile storylines taking place several times a year. Whodunits also regularly show, including Who Shot Phil? The story arc in 2001, which attracted more than 19 million viewers and was one of the biggest successes in the British television soap; Who Killed Archie? was featured in a special live episode of the show that drew a peak of 17 million viewers; and the saga Who Killed Lucy Beale? Saga. Production See also: List of EastEnders crew members set to the Butcher/Jackson living room in 2008. The exterior set for the fictional Albert Square is located in the permanent backlot of the BBC Elstree Centre, Borehamwood, Hertfordshire, at 51 3932N 0'16'40W / 51.65889'N 0.27778'W / 51.65889; -0.27778, and outdoors and open to the weather. It was built in 1984 with the specification that it should last at least 15 years at a price of 750,000 pounds. The EastEnders lot was designed by Keith Harris, who was a senior designer on the production team with co-stars Peter Nightingale and Gina Parr. The main buildings on the square originally consisted of hollow shells built of sea plywood facades mounted on steel frames. The lower walls, sidewalks, etc. were built of real brick and asphalt. The set had to be made to look as if it had stood for years. This was done by a number of tools, including chipping the pavements, using chemicals to crack the top layer of paint work, using varnish to create wet areas under the railway bridge, and making the garden walls so they appear to sag. The final touches were added in the summer These include a telephone booth, a telegraph pole that was provided by British Telecom, lampposts that were provided by Hertsmere District Council, and several cars parked in the square. On each set, all appliances are fully functional, such as gas stoves, laundry washing machines and beer pumps of queen Victoria. The walls were deliberately built crooked to give them a mature look. The drains around the set are real, so rainwater can naturally flow off the streets. The square was built in two stages and only three sides are being built, plus Bridge Street to start with in 1984, in time to be used for the first episode of the show. Then, in 1986, Harris added an extension to the set, building the fourth side of Albert Square, and in 1987, Turpin Road began to be featured more, including buildings such as Dagmar. In 1993, George Street was added, and shortly after the Walford East tube station was built to create new locations, when EastEnders went from two to three episodes a week. The kit was built by the BBC's internal construction department under the direction of construction manager Mike Hagan. The initial assembly took six months. Most buildings in Albert Square do not have indoor shooting spaces, with a few exceptions, and most of them do not have rears or gardens. Most areas on the front (and sometimes back) doors are decorated and dressed in a complete interior to allow door shots to open. The grocery store was originally opened before, it was turned into a closed store in front, with removable interior walls to be filmed inside the store when the set was expanded in 1987. Some internal shots are taken in real buildings, and the cafe also has some internal decorations, so some limited shooting may take place at the door. (quote needed) New exterior kits including fish and chip shop, video store and beauty salon were some interior shooting space to create a greater sense of realism. As the show is filmed up to six weeks in advance, the trees should have extra leaves stuck on them during the spring to make them look like they will be summer. In February 2008 it was reported that the set would be handed over to Pinewood Studios in Buckinghamshire, where a new set would be built as the set looked shabby, with its flaws appearing on high-definition television broadcasts. However, by April 2010, a subsequent report confirmed that Albert Square would remain at Elstree Studios for at least another four years, taking the set through its 25th anniversary. The set was therefore rebuilt for high definition at the same location, using basically a real brick with some areas using improved plastic brick. Throughout the recovery filming will still take place, and so forests are often frequent On the screen during the process, with some storylines written to accommodate the recovery, such as the fire of the queen Vic. In 2014, then-executive producer Dominic Treadwell-Collins said he wanted Albert Square to look like a real east London area, so the soap would better reflect the more fashionable areas of east London loved by young professionals, giving a taste of the creeping gentrification of east London. He added: 'It should feel more like London. It's been frozen in an aspic for too long. The BBC has announced that they will restore the EastEnders set to secure the long-term future of the show, which is expected to be completed in 2018. The set will provide a modern, upgraded external filming resource for EastEnders, and will replicate the look of existing buildings. However, it will be 20 per cent larger in order to provide wider editorial ambitions and improve staff conditions. A temporary set will be created on the site to allow the shooting to continue while the permanent structure is restored. In May 2016, the restoration was postponed until 2020 and is projected to cost more than 15 million euros, although the bulk of the filming is scheduled for May 2019. In December 2018, it was announced that the new set was now expected to cost 59 million euros, but a report by the National Audit Office (NAO) stated that it would actually cost 86.7 million euros and be completed two and a half years later than planned in 2023; The NAO concluded that the BBC could not provide value for money for the project. The NAO's projected cost is greater than the annual combined budget of BBC Radio 1 and Radio 2. The BBC said the new set would allow hd filming and better reflect London's modern East End. In March 2019, a group of MPs criticised the BBC over how the BBC had handled the redevelopment of the set. In March 2020, during the suspension of filming, internal scenery was used for a new adaptation of Talking Heads. This marked the first time it was used for anything other than EastEnders. Most of the eastEnders episodes are filmed at the BBC Elstree Centre in Borhamwood, Hertfordshire. In January 1987, EastEnders had three production teams, each consisting of a director, a production manager, a production assistant and an assistant manager. Other permanent staff included the producer's office, script department and designer, meaning 30 to 35 people would work full-time on EastEnders, rising to 60 to 70 on set days. When the number of episodes was increased to four per week, more studio space was needed, so Top of the Pops was moved from the studio in Elstree to the BBC Television Centre in April 2001 Episodes are produced in a quartet of four episodes, each of which begins filming on Tuesday and takes nine nine to record. Every day 25 to 30 scenes are recorded. During the filming week, actors can shoot from eight to twelve episodes. External scenes are filmed at a purpose-built film festival, and the interior scenes take place in six studios. Episodes were usually filmed about six to eight weeks before the air. In winter, filming can take place up to twelve weeks in advance, due to less daylight for outdoor filming sessions. This time, as you know, the time difference causes problems when shooting scenes outdoors. On February 8, 2007, heavy snow fell on the set, and filming had to be canceled, as the scenes, which were to be filmed on the day, were to be broadcast in April. EastEnders is usually recorded using four cameras. When the quartet is completed, it is edited by the director, the videotape editor and the script manager. The producer then reviews the edits and decides whether something needs to be re- edited, which the director will do. A week later, the sound is added to the episodes and they are technically reviewed and ready to be broadcast if they are deemed acceptable quality. Although episodes are mostly recorded a few weeks before they are broadcast, sometimes EastEnders includes current events in its episodes. In 1987, EastEnders covered the general election. Using a plan developed by some of Smith and Holland's creators, five minutes of material were cut from four pre-recorded pre-election episodes. They were replaced by specially recorded campaign materials, including representatives of each major party, and a scene recorded the day after the election, reflecting the result, which was broadcast the following Tuesday. The result of the 2010 general election was published on 7 May 2010. During the 2006 FIFA World Cup, the actors filmed short scenes after the tournament, which was edited into the program in the next episode. Last-minute scenes were also recorded referring to the fiftieth anniversary of the end of World War II in 1995, two-minute silence on Remembrance Day 2005 (2005 is also the year of the sixtieth anniversary of the end of World War II and the 200th anniversary of the Battle of Trafalgar), Barack Obama's election victory in 2008, the death of Michael Jackson in 2009, in 2010, Andy Murray won the men's singles at the 2013 Wimbledon Championships , at the wedding of Prince William and Kate Middleton, the birth of Prince George of Cambridge. Scotland did not vote against independence in 2014, and the 100th anniversary of the start of the Great War. EastEnders were often filmed on location, away from studios in Borehamwood. Sometimes a whole quartet is filmed on a place that has practical and are the result of EastEnders making a double pot when worth an extra week of episodes are recorded at the same time as the usual schedule, allowing the production of the program to stop for a two-week break at Christmas. These episodes are often in late June or early July and again in late October or early November. This first happened in December 1985, when Pauline (Wendy Richard) and Arthur Fowler (Bill Tricher) went to Southend-on-Sea to find their son Mark, who had run away from home. In 1986, EastEnders first starred abroad, in Venice, and it was also the first time it had not been videotaped, as at that time the union rule did not allow producers to take the film crew abroad, and instead had to use a film crew. In 2011, it was reported that eight percent of the series were filmed on the spot. If the scenes during a normal week have to be filmed on the spot, this is done during a normal week of recording. Outside sets of locations that have been used for filming include Clacton (1989), Devon (September 1990), Hertfordshire (used for scenes, installed in Gretna Green in July 1991), Portsmouth (November 199 (November 1997), Ireland (1997), Amsterdam (December 1999), Brighton (2001) and Portugal (2003). , Harrow Weald, north London, during a week of episodes set in Scotland. The episode, shown on April 9, 2007, included scenes filmed at St Giles Church And The Blacksmiths Arms in Wormshill, Ringlestone Inn, two miles from the hotel and Court Lodge Farm in Stansted, Kent. and the port of Dover, Kent. . Other locations included a courthouse, an abandoned office block, Evershed House, 215 and St Peter's Church, 217 all in St Albans, an abandoned psychiatric facility in , 218 Carnaby Street in London, necessary citation and a wedding dress shop in , north London. A week of episodes in 2011 took place on the beach at Thorpe Bay and the pier in Southend-on-Sea, during which the stuntman was injured when a gust of wind knocked him off his equilibrium and he fell on rocks. In 2012, a shooting took place in Kinsham, Somerset. In January 2013, a shooting at the scene in Graham Park in Colindale, north London, was interrupted by at least seven young men who threw fireworks at the set and threatened to cut down on crew members. In October 2013, the scenes were filmed on a road near London's Southend Airport in Essex. Two hands (when only two actors appear in the episode) were originally made for speed; While the two hands are being taken off, the rest of the cast can make another episode. EastEnders has seven live broadcasts. For his 25th birthday in February 2010, an episode was broadcast live in which Stacey Slater (Lacey Turner) was shown as Archie Mitchell's killer (Larry Lamb). Turner was told just 30 minutes before the live episode and maintained the suspense, she whispers this revelation of a former lover and current father-in-law, Max Branning, in the very last moments of the show. Many other actors learned about it only at the same time as the audience when the episode aired. On July 23, 2012, part of the episode of the evening was shown live as Billy Mitchell (Perry Fenwick) was carrying the Olympic flame around Walford in preparation for the 2012 Summer Olympics. In February 2015, for the soap's 30th anniversary, five episodes a week included live inserts around the world. Episodes airing on Tuesday 17, Wednesday 18 and Thursday 19 (which featured an hour-long episode and a second episode) all featured at least one live insertion. The show revealed that Lucy Bywater's killer was her younger brother, Bobby (Eliot Carrington), during the second episode on Thursday, after a ten-month mystery over who killed her. In a flashback episode that revisited the night of the murder, Bobby appeared to kill his sister. The episode, which aired on Friday 20, was fully live and explained in detail Lucy's death. Carrington was told he was Lucy's killer on Monday 16, while (who plays Bobby's adoptive mother, Jane) was informed in November because of a character playing a huge role in covering up Lucy's murder. Bywater only discovered that Bobby was responsible for Lucy's death on the morning of Thursday, February 19, hours before they filmed scenes showing Bobby as Lucy's killer. Post-production Each episode should run for 27 minutes and 15 seconds, however, if any episode is working on or under then it is the work of post-production to cut or add scenes where appropriate. As noted in the behind-the-scenes book of 1994 EastEnders: The First 10 Years, after filming, the tapes were sent to the videotape editor, who then edited the scenes together into an episode. The editor of the videotape used the director's recordings to let them know what scenes the director would like to appear in a particular episode. The producer may have asked for additional changes. The episode was copied from video D3. The final process was to add audio that included background noise, such as a train or jukebox, and check whether it met the BBC's technical standard for broadcasting. Since 2010, EastEnders no longer uses tapes in the recording or editing process. Once the material is recorded, the material is digitally sent to a post-production group. The editors then collect all the scenes recorded for the director to view and mark any necessary Sound Sound also have access to an edited episode, allowing them to duplicate the sound and create the final version. Budgets and expenses according to how to study television, in 1995 EastEnders cost the BBC an average of 40,000 pounds per episode. A 2012 agreement between the BBC, the Uk Writers Guild and the Association of Personal Managers set a pay rate for EastEnders scripts at a rate of 137.70 pounds per minute of broadcast time (4,131 euros for 30 minutes), which is 85 per cent of the script rate for other BBC tv series. Writers will be paid 75 per cent of this fee for any replays of the episode. In 2011, it was reported that actors receive a fee per episode of between 400 and 1,200 pounds, and a certain number of episodes per year are guaranteed, perhaps as little as 30 or as much as 100, so the annual salary can range from 12,000 to 200,000 pounds depending on the popularity of the character. The salaries of some actors were leaked in 2006, revealing that Natalie Cassidy (Sonia Fowler) was paid 150,000 pounds, Cliff Parisi (Minty Peterson) was given a salary of 220,000 pounds, Barbara Windsor (Peggy Mitchell) and Steve McFadden (Phil Mitchell) each received 360,000 pounds and Wendy Richard (Pauline Fowler) was paid a salary of 370,000 pounds. In 2017, it was revealed that Danny Dyer (Mick Carter) and Adam Woodyatt (Ian Beale) were the highest paid actors in EastEnders, earners from 200,000 to 249,999 pounds, followed by Laurie Brett (Jane Beale), Letitia Dean (Sharon Watts), (), (), Scott Maslen (Jack Branning), (Denise Fox), Gillian Alfort (Katie Beale) and Lacey Turner (Katie Slater) earning from 150,000 to 199,999 euros. A 2011 National Audit Report (NAO) showed that EastEnders' annual budget was 29.9 million euros. Of these, 2.9 million euros was spent on scripts and 6.9 million euros went to pay for actors, stats and escorts for children-actors. According to the NAO, BBC management approved the allocation of 500,000 pounds of additional funding for the 25th anniversary live episode (February 19, 2010). With a total cost of 696,000 pounds, the difference was covered from the 2009-2010 series budget for EastEnders. When reruns and omnibus editions are shown, the BBC pays extra royalties to actors and screenwriters and incurs additional editing costs, which totalled 5.5 million pounds between 2009 and 2010. According to a article for 212 episodes, it runs at GBP 141,000 per episode or 3.5 pence per hour of viewing. Total Annual Expenditures 2002-2003 2003 2004-2005-2005-2006 2006 2006-2007 2007 8 2008-2009 2009-2010 Cost (millions) euros (millions of euros) 36.2 34.7 34.1 33.0 33.6 31.5 29.9 stability in 2014, two new studios were built and they were equipped with low-energy lighting that saved about 90,000 kWh per The Carbon Literacy Course was launched with the heads of EastEnders departments involved and, as a result, representatives from each department agreed to meet quarterly to share new ideas for sustainability. The use of paper was reduced by 50 per cent in the distribution of scripts and other weekly documents and by 20 per cent in all other paper documents. The production team now uses waste paper and recycled stationery. In addition, changes to the Internet have also saved transportation costs for the distribution of 2,500 DVDs per year. Sets, costumes, pots of pasta and paint are processed by the design department. The cars used by the studio are low-emitting vehicles, and the production team is taking more efficient energy efficient generators on the spot. Caterers no longer use polystyrene cups and in-place recycling should be provided. As a result of the sustainability of EastEnders, it has been awarded alberta, an award that recognizes the commitment of production to become a more environmentally friendly television production. The Albert logo was first shown at the end of EastEnders headlines for episode 5281 on May 9, 2016. Planning for broadcasting since 1985, EastEnders remains at the centre of BBC One's prime-time schedule. Since 2001 it has been broadcast at 7.30pm on Tuesday and Thursday, and 8pm on Monday and Friday. EastEnders originally aired twice a week at 7:00pm on Tuesdays and Thursdays from February 19, 1985. However, in September 1985 two episodes were moved to 7:30 pm as Michael Grade did not want the soap to run in direct competition with Emmerdale Farm, and this remained the same until April 7, 1994. The BBC originally planned to take advantage of the summer break that Emmerdale Farm usually took to capitalising on the ratings, but ITV added additional episodes and repeats so that Emmerdale Farm was not taken off the air during the summer. Realizing the futility of the situation, Grace decided to move the show to a later slot at 7.30pm, but to avoid tabloid speculation that it was a panic move on behalf of the BBC, they had to dress up the presentation of this move in such a way as to protect the show, giving all sorts of reasons to move. EastEnders then increased to three times a week on Mondays, Tuesdays and Thursdays from 11 April 1994 to 2 August 2001. On August 10, 2001, EastEnders added its fourth episode (shown on Fridays). This has caused some controversy since the first episode on Friday collided with Coronation Street, which was rescheduled for 8pm to take way for an hour-long episode of Emmerdale's rural soap. In this first one-on-one battle, EastEnders defeated its rival. In early 2003, viewers were able to watch Episodes of EastEnders on digital BBC Three before they were shown on BBC One. This was timed to the resumption of the canal and and BBC Three broke the one million viewers mark for the first time with 1.03 million who watched to see mark Fowler's departure. According to the EastEnders website, an average of 208 episodes are produced each year. Repeats the omnibus edition, a compilation of episodes of the week in continuous sequence, originally shown on BBC One on Sunday afternoon, until 1 April 2012, when it was changed to a late Friday night or early Saturday morning slot starting on 6 April 2012, although the exact time was different. He returned to the daytime weekend slot from January 2013 on BBC Two. In 2014, the omnibus returned at around midnight on a Friday night, and in April 2015 the omnibus was axed, following a detailed audience study and the introduction of a 30-day catch-up on the BBC iPlayer and BBC One No1 planning. The last omnibus on the BBC was shown on 24 April 2015. While W was showing same-day reruns of EastEnders, they also returned the omnibus weekend starting on February 20, 2016. Reruns of EastEnders began on UKTV Gold when the channel was launched in 1992. The series ran from the first episode and followed its original broadcast order until August 1996 when the channel looped back to the first episode. In October 2008, UKTV Gold stopped showing EastEnders. The last episode aired was in January 2006. The watch was launched in October 2008 and resumed reruns of EastEnders from January 5, 2009 to October 15, 2009, ending with episodes originally broadcast in December 2006. From 20 February to 26 May 1995, as part of the programme's 10th anniversary celebrations, episodes of 1985 were repeated every weekday morning at 10 a.m., beginning with the first episode. Four specially selected episodes of 1985, 1986 and 1987 were also repeated on BBC1 on Friday night at 8pm under the slogan Unforgettable EastEnders. These include the wedding of Michelle Fowler and Lofty Holloway, the revelation of the child's father Michelle, two hands between Dot Cotton and Ethel Skinner and a 1986 Christmas episode featuring Dan Watts presenting Angie Watts with divorce papers. EastEnders was repeated regularly at 10pm on BBC Choice at 10pm on BBC Choice in 1998, and the practice continued for many years until mid-2012 with a re-entry to 10.30pm. From 25 December 2010 to 29 April 2011, the show was repeated on BBC HD in Simulcast with BBC Three. In 2015, a repeat of BBC Three was rescheduled for 10pm. In February 2016, the replay switched to W, rebranding Watch, after BBC Three became an online channel. W stopped showing EastEnders in April 2018. EastEnders episodes are available on demand via BBC iPlayer within 30 days of their initial broadcast. On 1 December 2012, the BBC uploaded the first 54 episodes of EastEnders to YouTube, and on 23 July 2013 they 14 more episodes bringing the total to 68. They have since been removed. In April 2018 it was announced that Drama will be showing reruns starting on 6 August 2018 on weekdays and they are also available on demand on UKTV Play to catch up with the service within 30 days of the broadcast. In December 2019, Christmas episodes were added to Britbox UK. The international countries in which EastEnders is broadcast or broadcast by EastEnders are broadcast worldwide in many English- speaking countries. It was the first to broadcast EastEnders abroad, with the first episode being aired on September 27, 1985. It was followed by the Netherlands on 8 December 1986, Australia on 5 January 1987, Norway on 27 April and Barcelona on 30 June (named Catalan). On July 9, 1987, it was announced that the show would be broadcast in the United States on PBS. BBC Worldwide licensed 200 EastEnders to broadcast in Serbia on RTS (named in Serbian); the first episode aired in December 1997. The series was broadcast in the Us until BBC America stopped broadcasting the series in 2003, amid fan protests. In June 2004, satellite tv provider Dish Network picked up EastEnders, broadcasting episodes from the moment BBC America stopped broadcasting them, offering the series as pay-per-view. Episodes of you air two months behind the British schedule. Episodes from previous years are still shown on various PBS stations in the US. From 7 March 2017, EastEnders was available in the US on request, 24 hours after airing in the UK via BritBox, a joint venture between the BBC and ITV. The series was broadcast in Australia by ABC TV from 1987 to 1991. It is broadcast in Australia on satellite and streaming services on BBC UKTV, Monday to Thursday from 19:50 to 20:30 with two advertising breaks of five minutes each. The episodes are shown about a week after they were broadcast in the UK. In New York, it was shown on TVNS 1 for several years and then on prime every weekday afternoon. It is shown on BBC UKTV from Monday to Thursday at 8pm. Episodes are about two weeks behind the UK. EastEnders is shown on BBC Entertainment (formerly BBC Prime) in Europe and Africa, where it is about six episodes behind the UK. It was also shown on BBC Prime in Asia, but when the channel was replaced by BBC Entertainment, it stopped broadcasting the series. In Canada, EastEnders was shown on BBC Canada until 2010, after which it was picked up by VisionTV. In Ireland, EastEnders was shown on TV3 from September 1998 to March 2001, when it moved to RTS One, after RTH lost TV3 rights to broadcast rival soap Coronation Street. In addition, EastEnders episodes are available on request RTS Online within seven days of their initial showing. Hm Forces and their families stationed abroad can watch EastEnders on BBC One, which is operated by the British Force Broadcasting Service, which is also available to civilians in the Falkland Islands and Tristan da Cunha. It was previously shown on BFBS1. International versions In 1991, the BBC sold the rights to the format of the program of the Dutch production company IDTV, the program was renamed Het Oude Noorden (Translation: Old North). The Dutch version was rewritten from existing EastEnders scripts. The schedule remained the same as EastEnders twice-weekly episodes, however some notable changes included the program currently set in Rotterdam rather than London, the characters are given Dutch names (Den and Angie became Ger and Ankie) and the queen Victoria pub is renamed Cade Faas. According to Barbara Jurgen, who rewriting the scripts for the Dutch audience, he said: The power of the show is undeniable. The scripts are full of tough, sharp drama, plus big one-liners who will translate well into Holland. The Dutch version began broadcasting on VARA on March 13, 1993, but was canceled after 20 episodes. Spin-offs and Goods Home article: EastEnders spin-off See also: List of EastEnders TV spin-offs on December 26, 1988, the first EastEnders bubble was shown, titled CivvyStreet. Since then, the return of Nick Cotton (2000), Ricky and Bianca (2002), Dot's Story (2003), Absolutely Frank (2003) and Pat and Mo (2004) have all been broadcast, each episode looking into the lives of different characters and revealing parts of their backstories or life after leaving EastEnders. In 1993, a two-part series, , was shown, a charity distilling with . In 1998, EastEnders Revealed was launched on BBC Choice (now BBC Three). The show takes a look beyond the EastEnders scenes and explores particular sites, characters or families in EastEnders. An episode of EastEnders revealed it was commissioned for BBC Three attracted 611,000 viewers. As part of the BBC's digital push, EastEnders Xtra was introduced in 2005. The show was presented by Angellica Bell and was available to digital viewers at 8.30pm on Monday night. It was also shown after Sunday's omnibus. The series went behind the scenes of the show and spoke to some of the actors. A new breed of behind-the-scenes programmes has been broadcast on BBC Three since 1 December 2006. All of these documentaries related to current storylines in EastEnders, in a similar format, EastEnders have shown, although not using the name EastEnders revealed. In October 2009, a 12-part online spin-off called EastEnders: E20 was announced. The series was conceived by executive producer as a way nurturing new, young talents, both on-screen and behind it, and exploring the stories of anonymous bystanders soap. The E20 features a group of sixth-form characters and is aimed at demographic . It was written by a team of young writers and has been shown three times a week on the EastEnders website since 8 January 2010. The second series of 10 articles began in September 2010, with two weekly episodes available online, and an omnibus on BBC Three. The third episode of 15 episodes began in September 2011. On November 19, 2010, EastEnders and rival soap opera Coronation Street took part in a for called East Street. On 4 April 2015, EastEnders confirmed plans for the BBC One series starring Kat and Alfie Moon. The six-episode drama Kat and Alfie: Redwater was created by executive producer Dominic Treadwell-Collins and his team. In the spin-off, Moons visit Ireland, where they look for answers to some very big questions. Prior to its closure, the BBC Store had released 553 episodes of EastEnders over the years, including a special episode of CivvyStreet, available for purchase in the form of digital downloads. The popularity and audience example of EastEnders' popularity is that after episodes, the use of electricity in the increases significantly as viewers who have waited for the show to end start boiling water for tea, a phenomenon known as a TV pickup truck. In five minutes, the demand for electricity will grow by three GW, which is equivalent to 1.5-1.75 million teapots. National Grid staff watch the show to know when the closing credits start so they can prepare for a surge, asking for more power from France if necessary. EastEnders ratings are the BBC's most consistent programme in terms of ratings, and by 2020 episodes typically get between 5 and 7 million viewers. EastEnders' two biggest rivals are soaps Coronation Street and Emmerdale. The show's launch in 1985 attracted 17.35 million viewers. On July 25, 1985, the show's first viewers rose to number one in the weekly top 10 shows for BBC One. The most rated episode of EastEnders is the 1986 episode of Christmas, which attracted 30.15 million viewers who tuned in to either the original show or the omnibus to watch Dan Watts hand over divorce papers to his wife Angie. This remains the highest-rated soap episode in the history of British television. In 2001, EastEnders first clashed with Coronation Street. EastEnders won the battle with 8.4 million viewers (41% of the shares), while Coronation Street lagged behind with 7.3 million viewers (34% of the shares). On September 21, 2004, Louise Burridge, then executive producer, resigned after criticizing the show. The next day the show received the lowest ratings of this time when ITV planned an hour-long episode of Emmerdale against him. Emmerdale was watched by 8.1 million viewers. Poor ratings motivated the press to report viewers were bored with implausible and ill-conceived storylines. Under new producers, EastEnders and Emmerdale continued to clash at times, and Emmerdale tended to come out on top, giving EastEnders lower than average ratings. In 2006, EastEnders regularly attracted between 8 million and 12 million viewers in official ratings. EastEnders received the second lowest rating on May 17, 2007, when tuned in with 4.0 million viewers. It is also the lowest audience share ever: just 19.6 percent. This was attributed to a conflicting one hour special episode of Emmerdale on ITV1. However, ratings for the 10pm EastEnders repeat on BBC Three reached a record high of 1.4 million. However, there were times when EastEnders had higher ratings than Emmerdale, despite the two going head-to-head. Ratings rose in 2010, thanks to the storyline Who Killed Archie? and the second wedding of Ricky Butcher (Sid Owen) and Bianca Jackson (Patsy Palmer), as well as the first concert of the show on February 19, 2010. On average, the last five minutes of live broadcasting had 15.6 million viewers, reaching 16.6 million. In January 2010, the average audience was higher for the first time in three years than coronation Street. During the 30th anniversary week, which had live elements and the climax of Who Killed Lucy Beale? The storyline, 10.84 million viewers tuned in for the 30th anniversary of the episode itself in the hour-long special on February 19, 2015 (peaking at 11.9 million). Later that evening, a special flashback episode averaged 10.3 million viewers, and peaked at 11.2 million. The next week, the anniversary week was rounded up with another fully live episode (second after 2010) with 9.97 million viewers watching the show's aftermath, Beale's family learned the truth about Lucy's killer and decided to keep it a secret. On average, highest and lowest ratings for EastEnders of the year Number of episodes Average viewers (millions) α316 Highest ratings (millions) Lowest ratings (millions) 1985 91 14.37 23.55 7.75 1986 105 20. 66 30.15 15 3.90 1987 107 21.14 28.00 13.65 1988 104 18.94 24.95 12.60 1989 1 16.99 24.08 12 .83 1990 104 17.17 20.80 12.33 1991 105 17.12 22.44 13.06 1992 106 18.28 24.32 11.11 85 1993 β 105 17.90 23.21 10.47 γ 1994 δ 142 16.02 25,30 7,96 ε 1995 ζ] 157 14.54 22.02[η] 7.88[θ] 1996 161 14.65 17.92 7.73 1997[ι] 162 14.23 18.06 7.13 1998[κ] 161 14.75 22.14 8.01 1999 169 15.87 20.89 10.89 2000 163 15.47 20.89 9.64 2001 179 15.92 23.18 11.27 2002 211 11.95 16.97 8.33 2003 210 12.58 16.66 8.58 2004 209 11.32 14.80 6.83 2005 209 10.19 14.34 6.76 2006 207 9.16 12.33 2007 208 8,87 14,38 4,29 2008 208 8,42 11,73 5,30 2009 209 8,43 11,67 5,02 2010 204 9,43 35 16.41 4.99 2011 211 9.02 11.42 5.74 2012 206 8.23 11.31 5.53 2013 212 7.72 10.03 5.42 2014 206 7.20 9.09 4.58 2015 209 7.17 11.60 5.43 2016 210 6.94 9.47 4.83 2017 209 6.68 8.41 4.19 2018 206 6.12 7.81 4.56 2019/210 5.60 7.36 4.16 Критика EastEnders получила как похвалу, так и критику за большинство сюжетных линий , которые имели дело с трудными темами, такими как насилие, изнасилование, убийство и жестокое обращение с детьми. Morality and violence Mary Whitehouse, a social critic, argued at the time that EastEnders was a breach of family viewing time and that it undermined watershed politics. She saw EastEnders as a fundamental attack on the family and the morality of themselves. She made a reference to presenting family life and focusing on psychological and emotional abuse within the show. She was also critical of the language of bleeding, bloody hell, bastard and for Christ's sake. However, Whitehouse also praised the program, describing Michelle Fowler's decision not to have an abortion as a very positive storyline. She also felt that EastEnders had been cleared as a result of her protests, although she later noted that EastEnders had returned to its old ways. Her criticism was widely reported in the tabloid press as ammunition in her existing hostility towards the BBC. The Coronation Street stars in particular joined Mary Whitehouse in getting headlines such as STREETS AHEAD! RIVALS LASH SEEDY EASTENDERS AND CLEAN UP SOAP! Street star Bill Lashes 'Steamy' EastEnders. EastEnders has been criticised for being too violent, especially during a domestic violence storyline between Little Mo Morgan (Casey Ainsworth) and her husband Trevor Morgan (Alex Ferns). As EastEnders showed pre-watershed, there were concerns that some places in this storyline were too graphic for its audience. Claims to a scene in which Little Moe's face was pushed into sauce at Christmas have been upheld by the Broadcasting Standards Board. However, the helpline after this episode attracted more than 2,000 calls. Erin Pizzi, who became internationally famous for running one of the first women's shelters, said EastEnders had done more to raise the issue of violence against women in a single story than she had done in 25 years. The character of Phil Mitchell (played by Steve McFadden since the beginning of 1990) has been repeatedly criticized for glorifying violence and proving the bad role of children. One day after a scene in an episode shown in October 2002 where Phil brutally beat his godmother, Jamie Mitchell (Jack Ryder), 31 complaints came from viewers who watched the scenes. In 2003, actor Sean Williamson, who was in the final months of his role as Barry Evans, said the program grittier for the last 10 to 15 years and found it scary that parents allow their young children to watch. In 2005, the BBC was accused by a House of Lords committee of anti-isis bias, which was cited as an example by EastEnders. Dr Indarjit Singh, editor of the Sikh Envoy and patron of the World Congress of Faith, said: 'EastEnders' Dot Cotton is an example. She endlessly quotes the Bible, and it makes fun of religion to some extent. In July 2010, complaints were received after a storyline by Christian Minister (Don Gilet) committed a series of murders which he believed were his duty to God, claiming the storyline was offensive to Christians. In 2008, EastEnders, along with Coronation Street, was criticised by Martin McGuinness, then Northern Ireland's deputy first minister, for the level of concentration around the pub and the tricks depicted in the ... The queen of Vic. In 2017, viewers complained on Twitter about scenes implying that Keanu Taylor () is the father of his 15-year-old sister Bernadette Taylor (Claire Norris) of their unborn child, with the couple agreeing to keep the pregnancy a secret from their mother, Karen Taylor (Lorraine Stanley). However, the child's father is revealed as one of Bernadette's school friends. Accusations of national and racial stereotypes were dropped in Ireland in 1997 and several episodes were established, prompting criticism for the negative stereotypical portrayal of the Irish. Ted Barrington, the Irish ambassador to the UK at the time, described Ireland's image as an unrepresentative caricature, saying he was concerned about negative stereotypes and images of drunkenness, backwardness and isolation. Ian Bennett, then the 's director of production, later apologised for the episodes, telling BBC1 news bulletin: Obviously a significant number of viewers were upset by the recent EastEnders episodes and we are very sorry because the producers and creators of the programmes did not want to cause any offence. A year later, the BBC's chairman, Christopher Bland, admitted that as a result of the Irish episodes of EastEnders, the station had failed in its promise to represent all groups accurately and to avoid increasing prejudice. In 2008, the show was criticized for stereotypes in their Asian and black characters, with a black single mother, Denise Fox (Diane Parish), and Asian shopkeeper zinab Masood (). There was criticism that the programme did not depict the true ethnic diversity of the East London population, with a programme that was twice as white as the real East End. Controversial storylines Some storylines have caused a high level of complaints from viewers. In August 2006, a scene starring Carly Weeks (Kelly Shirley) and Jake Moon (Joel Beckett) having sex on The floor of Scarlet nightclub, and another scene involving Owen Turner (Lee Ross) brutally assaulting Denise Fox (Diana Parish), sparked 129 and 128 complaints, respectively. In March 2008, scenes showing Tanya Branning (Joe Joyner) and boyfriend Sean Slater (Robert Kazinski) burying Tanya's husband Max (Jake Wood) alive attracted many complaints. British communications regulator later discovered that the episodes depicting the storyline had been breached by the 2005 Broadcasting Code. They broke child protection rules by properly planning, proper depictions of violence before the 9pm watershed and proper images of potentially offensive content. In September 2008, EastEnders began a story about grooming and paedophilia featuring characters Tony King (Chris Coghill), (Shauna McGarty), Bianca Jackson (Patsy Palmer), Lauren Branning (Madeleine Duggan) and (Thomas Lowe). The storyline attracted more than 200 complaints. In December 2010, Ronnie Branning (Samantha Womack) replaced her newborn baby, who died in a crib, with a live baby Kat Moon (Jesse Wallace). About 3,400 complaints were received, with viewers calling the storyline insensitive, irresponsible and desperate. Rose Laws of the Sunday Mercury called the plot shocking and funny and asked: Do we really have to believe that Kat doesn't recognize that a child looks different? The Foundation for the Study of Infant Mortality (FSID) praised the storyline, with its director Joyce Epstein explaining: We are very grateful to EastEnders for their accurate portrayal of the devastating impact of sudden infant death on the family. We hope this story will help raise public awareness of the death of the crib, which claims 300 children live each year. By 7 January, the storyline had generated the largest number of complaints in the show's history, with the BBC receiving around 8,500 complaints and media regulator Ofcom receiving 374. Despite the controversy, EastEnders pulled in a ratings high of 9-10 million throughout the storyline. In October 2014, the BBC defended the storyline after receiving 278 complaints about an episode on October 6, 2014, when pub owner Linda Carter (Kelly Bright) was raped by Dean Wix (Matt Di Angelo). On 17 November 2014, it was announced that Ofcom would investigate the storyline. The investigation was completed by Ofcom on 5 January 2015. An Ofcom spokesman said: After a thorough investigation into complaints about the scene, Ofcom found the BBC had taken appropriate action to limit crime to viewers. This included warning before the episode and implying an attack rather than portraying it. Ofcom also took into account the role of the program in presenting sometimes complex or troubling social issues. Portrait of some In 2010, EastEnders came under criticism from police for the way they were portrayed during the storyline Who Killed Archie? During the storyline, DCI Jill Marsden () and DC Wayne Hughes (Jamie Tricher) talk to locals about the case and Hughes accepts the bribe. Police claimed that such scenes were detrimental to their reputation and added that the character of DC Deann Cunningham (zoe Henry) was irritatingly inaccurate. In response to the criticism, EastEnders apologised for insulting real-life detectives and confirmed they were using a police consultant for such storylines. In October 2012, a storyline featuring Lola Pierce (Daniel Harold) forced to hand over her baby to Lexi Pierce was criticised by the charity The Who Cares. The trust, which called the storyline a useless image and said it had already received calls from members of the public who were distressed about an EastEnders site where a social worker snatches a baby at the hands of its mother. The scenes were also condemned by the British Association of Social Workers (BASW), calling the BBC too lazy and arrogant to properly portray the child protection process, and saying the child had been taken without sufficient justification for doing so. Bridget Robb, acting chief of BASW, said the storyline has sparked real anger among the profession well accustomed to a less accurate public and media perception of their jobs. The shabby portrayal of EastEnders across the profession has made the hard work even more difficult.The Awards and Home Article nominations: The list of awards and nominations received by EastEnders In Popular Culture Home Article: EastEnders in Popular Culture Since its premiere in 1985, EastEnders has had a big impact on British pop culture. This has often been discussed in many different media, including songs and television programmes. Further reading More Information: EastEnders Books Many books have been written about EastEnders. It is noteworthy that from 1985 to 1988 writer and TV presenter Hugh Miller wrote 17 novels, detailing the lives of many of the original characters of the series until 1985, when the events took place on the screen. Kate Locke also wrote four novels, centered on later characters; Steve Owen (Martin Kemp), Grant Mitchell (Ross Kemp), Bianca Jackson (Patsy Palmer) and Tiffany Mitchell (Martin McCutcheon). Locke also wrote a character guide called Who's Who in EastEnders (ISBN 978-0-563-55178-2) in 2000, studying the main characters in the show's first 15 years. The show's creators Julia Smith and Tony Holland also wrote a book about the show in 1987 entitled EastEnders: The Inside Story (ISBN 978-0-563-20601-9), telling the story of how the show made it to the screen. Two special anniversary exhibitions were written about the exhibition EastEnders: First 10 Years: Celebration (ISBN 978-0-563-37057-4) colin Brake in 1995 and and 20 years in Albert Square (ISBN 978-0-563-52165-5) Rupert Smith in 2005. See also the TELEVISION portal of the United Kingdom in the Popular Culture List of Soap Operas List of British Television Programs List of the most popular television programs Broadcast by the BBC List of programs broadcast by RTH List of programs broadcast by TV3 Ireland List of programs broadcast Showcase List of LGBT characters in soap operas List of television shows set in London List of television programs by episode list of television programs by episode of the list of television programs by name , and for a 28-day period from 2015. Until the end of 2001, but excluding 1996 and 1997, the rating was also combined with the omnibus rating (although for 1993, 1994, 1995 and 1998, some ratings were not, as noted, combined). The viewing figures for 16 episodes do not fit with the omnibus. This rating does not fit with the omnibus; the lowest rating for the combined episode was 12.87 million. The viewing figures for 52 episodes do not match the omnibus. This rating does not fit with the omnibus; the lowest rating for the combined episode was 12.02 million. The viewing figures for 138 episodes do not match the omnibus. This rating is combined with the omnibus; The highest rating of the episode without a combined rating was 19.69 million. the lowest rating for the combined episode was 13.89 million. The viewing figures for 10 episodes are unknown. Ratings do not combine with the omnibus until June 29, 1998, and are combined after that. The viewing figures for the five episodes are unknown. Links to EastEnders episode guide. Radio Times. Received on October 16, 2020. 'EastEnders' shows changes to the production team. Digital spy. October 29, 2013. Received on August 9, 2015. Coronation Street: 7.9m watching the Paul and Lloyd showdown. Digital spy. July 30, 2013. Received on August 9, 2015. Pamela Demori, Christopher Pullen (2013). queer love in film and television: critical essays. page 35. Palgrave Macmillan, Rival soap tie on awards night. BBC News. London. September 26, 2006. Received on November 4, 2009. EastEnders won the soap's top title for the 10th year in a row, voted for readers of Inside Soap magazine. Past winners - National Television Award 2011. National Television Award. Received on June 9, 2011. Rose D'Or is an honour for EastEnders. BBC News. April 27, 2006. Received on November 4, 2009. a b c Smith 2005, p. 10 - b c d Smith 2005, page 11 - Richard Bacon, host (November 17, 2010). Daily Bacon: Coronation Street. BBC Radio 5Live. Archive from the original (podcast) of March 3, 2012. Received on January 6, 2010. Hole in the heart The BBC, The Telegraph. Received February 25, 2007 - b c Smith 2005 - Buckingham 1987, page 15 - Honey Lane Market / Honey Lane (1967-69). British Film Institute. Received on May 28, 2014. a b Smith and Holland 1987, page 24 - What is the history of EastEnders?. BBC Online. Archive from the original on February 19, 2006. Received on April 13, 2017. a b c d e f Smith 2005, page 15, Smith and Holland 1987, 164 Smith and Holland 1987, page 48, b with Smith and Holland 1987, page 49, b Smith and Holland 1987, p. 51-56, Smith and Holland 1987, p. 2005, p. 20 Gardner and Alison. Adam Woodyatt of EastEnders: While I'm still enjoying it, I'll stay for another 30 years. What's on TV. Received on July 6, 2020. Who wrote the melody? BBC Online. Received on October 29, 2006. Smith and Holland 1987, page 97 and b How did you get the view of London used at the opening credits?. EastEnders. BBC Online. Archive from the original on August 31, 2006. Received on April 13, 2017. - Smith and Holland 1987, page 154, b c d e Smith 2005, page 17 - Slide 1996, page 35, Sabbagh, Dan (February 8, 2010). Is EastEnders the lifeblood of the BBC?. Keeper. London. b c d e Brake 1995 - b c d e f g Brake 1995, p. 70 - Brake 1995, page 75-76 - Brake 1995, page 91 - b Brake 1995, page 90 - brake 1995, page 100 - brake 1995, page 104 - EASTENDERS: 11 February 1993. catalogue.bbc.co.uk archive from the original dated July 9, 2012. Received on September 27, 2007. b Alan Plater (January 11, 2006). Leonard Lewis. Keeper. London. Received on October 1, 2007. Brake 1995, page 129 - EASTENDERS, BBC. Received on November 11, 2007. John Yorke - The New EE Boss Archived on March 3, 2016 in Wayback Machine, Walford Gazette. Received on November 11, 2007. IMDB Awards, IMDB. Received on May 6, 2007. He has murder, stalker, incest (kind), and bulimia. What's still a permanent dead connection, . Received on May 6, 2007. WHAT A LOAD OF PORK PIES; Ireland is full of drunks, dimwits and donkeys according to EastEnders, The Mirror. Received on July 18, 2007. Louise Burridge is stepping down as eastEnders executive producer. Bbc. 21 September 2004. Received on May 1, 2017. Ellie caught up with the former executive producer talking to EastEnders and figuring out what Louise got up after leaving the show. walfordweb.com On March 3, 2010. Archive from the original on May 19, 2017. Received on May 28, 2017. b c Plunkett, John (September 21, 2004). EastEnders chief resigns. Keeper. London. Received on March 18, 2008. Sixteen million to watch Dan's return, bbc. Received on September 26, 2006. Dirty Dirty Tactics; EastEnders defied faith by raising Dan Watts, the Sunday Herald. Received on September 26, 2006. Graham Hutson; Siret, Mal (January 30, 2005). Stop the Week Of Shock Exchange orders for Vic. Vic. Times. London. Received on May 4, 2010. The BBC appoints a new executive producer for EastEnders. Bbc. 24 February 2005. Received on May 5, 2017. Ross Kemp signs EastEnders, BBC. The last time the URL was accessed was on February 24, 2007. Kemp EastEnders return extended, BBC. The last time the URL was accessed was on February 24, 2007. Alfie Takes the Fate of Nana Received 24 September 2006 - British Soap Awards 2005 - Winners Archive 4 February 2006 on Wayback Machine Received 24 September 2006 - Behind the Scenes on EastEnders, YouTube. Received on March 6, 2007. BBC One - EastEnders - Down Memory Lane with Matt Di Angelo, YouTube. Received 2007-04-23. Doctor Who episodes are coming to your mobile phone pocket-lint.co.uk. Received on March 30, 2007. 'EastEnders' new TV promo, Digital Spy. Received on April 29, 2007. Eastenders is a child of dot, YouTube. Received on April 23, 2007. BBC One - EastEnders - Stacey Trail, YouTube. Received on April 29, 2007. Eastenders - Rob and Dawn, YouTube. Received on April 29, 2007. Catriona Whiteman (October 18, 2009). EastEnders' episode limit is up to 16 actors. Digital spy. Received on October 21, 2009. Get your anoraks on... Trains are coming!. BBC Online. February 3, 2010. Received on February 4, 2010. Green, Chris (December 17, 2009). 'EastEnders' exec teases 2010 storylines Digital spy. Received on December 17, 2009. Live EastEnders watched on BBC News Online. February 20, 2010. Received on February 20, 2010. Green, Chris (February 9, 2010). Jesse Wallace returns to EastEnders. Digital spy. Received on February 9, 2010. Green, Chris (March 20, 2010). zoe lacker joins EastEnders. Digital spy. Received on March 20, 2010. Green, Chris (April 17, 2010). Six characters to leave 'EastEnders'. Digital spy. Received on April 16, 2010. Green, Chris (May 11, 2010). Exclusive: Leon, Osa Wasp leave 'EastEnders'. Digital spy. Received on May 10, 2010. John Harper (September 8, 2010). Brian Kirkwood interview! (video). BBC Online. Received on September 9, 2010. Danielle Kilkelly (September 9, 2010). 'Enders boss teases impressive fire ep. Digital spy. London: Hahette Filipacchi UK. Received on September 9, 2010. Lou (October 21, 2010). EastEnders go HD for Christmas!. BBC Online. Received on October 21, 2010. Owoseje, Toyin (July 30, 2013). EastEnders boss Lorraine Newman quits as soap ratings plummet. International Business Times. Received on May 1, 2017. Twitter / dominictc: Had an amazing three years. Twitter.com. received on May 2, 2017. Danielle Kilkelly (December 13, 2013). The new EastEnders producer shares gossip and teasers - full text. Digital spy. Received on January 2, 2019. 09/12/2013. BBC programmes. Received May 1, 2017 Association, Press (September 24, 2013). EastEnders cut four stars. . Received on May 1, 2017. EastEnders boss: I refuse to tick the boxes on on or sexuality. RadioTimes. February 2, 2015. Received on May 1, 2017. Finally: Will EastEnders reveal who killed Lucy? the show's 30th anniversary in February. Herald Scotland. January 5, 2013. Dominic Treadwell-Collins is set to step down as executive producer. EastEnders News and spoilers. February 18, 2016. Received on August 22, 2016. Amy Duncan,18, 2016. EastEnders boss Dominic Treadwell-Collins is leaving after two-and-a-half years. Metro. February 18, 2016. Rachel Babbage,7, 2016. End of an era! EastEnders boss Dominic Treadwell-Collins shares emotional photos from his last day. Digital spy. Received on May 9, 2016. 11/07/2016, EastEnders - BBC One. Received on 25 November 2016. EastEnders date has revealed for the first episode of The New Boss. Digital spy. June 30, 2016. Received on November 25, 2016. Lindsay, Duncan (December 1, 2016). boss Oliver Kent is currently in charge of EastEnders. Metro. Received on December 10, 2016. Lindsay, Duncan (May 16, 2017). Spoilers EastEnders boss first interview on the show changes and future. Metro. received on May 17, 2017. Justin Arfa, June 23, 2017. EastEnders confirms producer Sean O'Connor is leaving the soap effective immediately. Digital spy. Received on June 24, 2017. EastEnders executive producer leaves the programme a year later - BBC News. BBC News. June 24, 2017. Received on June 24, 2017. Mitchell, Bea (May 23, 2018). EastEnders boss John Yorke is extending his contract with soap again. Digital spy. Received on October 26, 2018. Chris Edwards (July 6, 2018). Eastenders viewers moved as the soap breaks the format to raise awareness of knife crime. Digital spy. Received on October 26, 2018. Sophie Daynty (August 8, 2018). EastEnders confirms new boss as takes over from John Yorke in top job. Digital spy. Received on August 12, 2018. Megan Davis (November 15, 2018). EastEnders is looking for a new executive producer to work with Kate Oates. Digital spy. Received on November 16, 2018. David Brown (December 10, 2018). John Sen has been named the new boss of EastEnders. Radio Times. Received on December 10, 2018. Ellie Woodward,2016. EastEnders has a storyline about Beans and it's driving all Fucking Insane. В Buzzfeed. Received on September 18, 2019. Sophie Daynty (November 29, 2018). Why EastEnders broke new ground with the consent of Ruby Allen's episode. Digital spy. Hearst Magazines UK. Received on December 29, 2018. Adam Sherwin (July 18, 2018). EastEnders, Coronation Street and The X Factor are declining driving down TV viewing figures. Received july 3, 2019. Four-screen dashboard - BARB. Broadcasting Audience Research Board. EastEnders ratings success on BBC iPlayer. Irish news. October 19, 2017. September 18, 2019. b EastEnders has the best year ever on BBC iPlayer. Bbc. 19 January 2020. Received on April 6, 2020. EastEnders bosses bosses how the actor reacted to the shock storyline of death. Digital spy. Received on February 22, 2020. Why does Blue Landau leave EastEnders as Dennis dies?. Metro. February 22, 2020. a b Mercer, David (March 18, 2020). Coronavirus: Filming of EastEnders suspended until further notice. Sky News. Received on June 12, 2020. b EastEnders and Top Gear will resume filming in June, the BBC reports. BBC News. Bbc. 14 May 2020. Received on June 12, 2020. Hughes, Jonathan (June 3, 2020). EastEnders confirms plans for the behind-the-scenes show when the soap airs. Radio Times. Received on June 12, 2020. - b c d BBC One celebrates EastEnders with secrets from the square, as well as a selection of iconic episodes from the past (press release). BBC Media Centre. June 3, 2020. Received on June 12, 2020. Danielle Kilkelly (June 12, 2020). EastEnders return to the four-night-a-week schedule - with shorter episodes. Digital spy. Hearst Magazines UK. Received on June 12, 2020. Jonathan Hughes (June 29, 2020). EastEnders resumes filming with a big change in Albert Square. Radio Times. Received on June 29, 2020. EastEnders confirms the return date and reveals huge new autumn spoilers. Digital spy. August 13, 2020. What is the story of the queen Vic?. Bbc. Archive from the original on December 20, 2006. Interesting places and famous faces. Hackney Borough Council. Archive from the original march 4, 2016. Received on December 13, 2009. How was the name Walford chosen? Bbc. Archive from the original On 5 April 2007. Ben Venables (January 13, 2015). The story behind the Set of EastEnders. Londoner. Received on December 22, 2016. Underground EastEnders. Underground history. Received on November 4, 2009. Royal Mail, Address Management Guide ( 2004) - HMSO, The Inner London Letter Post, (1980) - Archive Information: Postcodes (PDF). British Postal Museum and Archives. Archive from the original (PDF) dated March 20, 2009. Received on July 5, 2010. Olympic Park share EastEnders' Walford E20 postcode. BBC News. March 19, 2011. Received on March 19, 2011. a b c d Sabbagh, Dan (February 8, 2010). Is EastEnders the lifeblood of the BBC?. Keeper. Received on April 12, 2017. Smith 2005, 55, Dugan, John (August 19, 2002). EastEnders. PopMaters. Received on January 19, 2013. EastEnders matriarch for Xmas. BreakingNews.ie on October 25, 2011. Received on January 19, 2013. EastEnders spoilers: Beloved Resident returns as former star drops huge hint?. . Received on February 13, 2020. Exclusive: AA with Brian Kirkwood. Walford Web. June 20, 2011. Archive from the original on September 30, 2012. Received on January 19, 2013. Fear, Helen (February 8, 2019). EastEnders fans are noticing something different about Katie Beale. Daily UK. Received on June 30, 2019. Milward, Charlie (February 28, 2019). EastEnders spoilers: Not homeless in a TRAGIC cancer plot twist?. Express.co.uk. received on June 30, 2019. EastEnders casts Balvinder Sopal as Suki Panesar. Radio Times. Received on February 13, 2020. - b c d Square Deal. Redpepper. Archive from the original on December 29, 2006. Received on November 4, 2009. Dowling, Stephen (July 19, 2005). Will Kat's exit harm EastEnders?. Received on 31 January 2011. a b Bevan, Kate (March 19, 2007). A new start for EastEnders. Keeper. London. Received on July 5, 2010. Smith 2005, page 63-65, KilkelacecessatNovember 11, 2019, Daniel (March 16, 2017). wants to return to EastEnders ... but afraid of the show just uses it for advertising. Digital. Robson, Helena (November 15, 1996). Why are soap operas so popular?. aber.co.uk archive from the original on March 16, 2010. Received on July 5, 2010. Young viewers switch from the BBC to the internet. Independent. Independent print media. Archive from the original on October 16, 2007. Received on March 18, 2007. Fulton, Rick (October 5, 2004). I stopped watching Albert Square. Now I like Emmerdale. . Glasgow. Received on July 5, 2010. Remembering Ethel EastEnders. BBC News. July 13, 2005. Received on July 5, 2010. Brake 1995, page 76 -, Johann (April 3, 2006). Johann Hari: Why Coronation Street fills me with pride. Independent. Archive from the original on October 26, 2012. Received on July 5, 2010. Aron, Daniel; Livingston, Sonia. EastEnders. museum.tv archive from the original on March 30, 2014. Received on July 5, 2010. Coronation Street and EastEnders battle for the coveted CRE race at the Media Awards. cre.gov.uk. Archive from the original on April 12, 2006. Received on March 27, 2007. The Art of Storytelling, . Received on March 27, 2007. Joanna Taylor (August 10, 2004). 'Unrealistic' Ferreira family fired Asian viewers. Scene. Archive from the original on October 29, 2004. Received on March 27, 2007. Radar announce EastEnders as winners!. Bbc. 1 December 2009. Received on February 1, 2010. Frost, Carolina (August 5, 2016). Thirty years ago, EastEnders had its first gay character. Everything has changed. Huffington Post UK. Received on April 21, 2017. Exit to the screen. BBC News. December 2, 1998. Received on April 21, 2017. Kathryn Knowles (March 28, 2006). 211 complaints to the BBC about the gay EastEnders storyline, but do public care?. PinkNews. Received on April 21, 2017. Love, Ryan (October 28, 2014). EastEnders LGBT domestic violence conspiracy praised after Tina, Tosh clash. Digital spy. Received on April 21, 2017. Debnat, Nela (June 4, 2015). EastEnders gay kiss: Ben Mitchell actor Harry Reid upset by homophobia. Daily Express. Received on April 21, 2017. EastEnders throws transgender actor in transgender on British television. The news fight. October 9, 2015. Extracted 21 21 2017 - Soap business, polity.co.uk. Received on March 27, 2007. Archive 12 February 2013 in Wayback Machine - Dirty Den 'back' to Walford Digital Spy. Received on September 24, 2006. Nick Cotton. BBC Online. Received on December 16, 2018. Neil, Beth (February 12, 2010). I have been living with Ian now for 25 years but I don't like him he paid for my house; EastEnders exclusive: Adam Woodyatt on being Ian Beale. . Received on October 27, 2018. EastEnders - Branning Point - BBC One. Bbc. a b Geraghty 1991, p. 32 - Geraghty 1991, p. 16 - Kilkelly, Daniel (May 10, 2011). 'EastEnders' Walford is not realistic, says BBC boss Digital spy. Received on April 12, 2017. Barker 1997, page 79, b c d e f What questions were highlighted by EastEnders?. Bbc. Archive from the original on February 23, 2007. Mark EastEnders will be killed. Bbc. 16 December 2002. Received on June 16, 2011. Mental Health Media Awards 2006 BBC. Received on February 28, 2008. Enders Spoiler: Stas's Struggle. BSkyB. May 14, 2009. Archive from the original on May 17, 2009. Received on November 4, 2009. The disabled actor is starring in EastEnders. The Daily Telegraph. June 5, 2009. EastEnders to tackle child abuse. Metro. March 5, 2007. Received on March 6, 2007. The NSPCC's research shows the concerns of childcare professionals about the increase in emotional abuse. politics.co.uk. March 14, 2007. Archive from the original on March 17, 2007. Received on March 14, 2007. Jonathan Hughes (September 15, 2019). Who was Tony King of EastEnders? Everything you need to know about Leo's father and Whitney's abuser. Radio Times. Received on April 6, 2020. EastEnders Set. Google Maps. Received on May 5, 2017. Kingsley 1991, page 9 and Venables, Ben. The story behind the Set of EastEnders. Londoner. Received on May 7, 2017. a b Smith 2005, p. 146 - b c Barraclough 1986, p. 43 - Smith s Holland 1987, page 43 - Smith and Holland 1987, p. 95 - Brake 1995, p. 19-20 - Sets too shabby for late TVs make EastEnders germanty out of town. Times Online. February 18, 2008. Archive from the original on October 13, 2008. Green, Chris (July 22, 2009). High-definition television is forcing the BBC to fix the sets. Independent. Received on May 1, 2017. - EastEnders to stay at Elstree Studios Guardian - TV Set Support Eastenders. Media Structures Ltd. is archived from the original on December 30, 2016. Received on May 5, 2017. EastEnders makes a prestigious move. Bbc. 28 January 2014. Received on February 3, 2014. b EastEnders announces plans to create a new external set in Elstree. Digital spy. Plunkett, John (May 10, 2016). The new set of BBC EastEnders has been postponed until 2020. Keeper. Received on December 22, 2016. Hardingham-Gill, Tamara (May 16, 2016). The new and improved EastEnders set will not be ready until 2020. Metro. December 22, 2016. a b Syal, Rajiv (December 13, 2018). BBC's new EastEnders set more At 27 million pounds, the watchdog finds . Keeper. Received on December 13, 2018. Media news. Private eye. London: Pressdram Ltd. December 22, 2018. The House of Commons Public Accounts Committee, which updates the EastEnders set, is published on 20 March 2019 by Saunders, Emmeline (May 14, 2020). EastEnders filming will begin again next month - but with major changes for the cast. Mirror. Received on June 9, 2020. b c d e f g Educational resource (part 2). EastEnders. Bbc. Archive from the original on February 6, 2007. Received on January 4, 2013. Greaves, William (January 6, 1987). Can they pull the plug on Dirty Den?. Times. page 8. Received on January 1, 2019 - through Digital Archive. Jurors, Louise (October 16, 2001). The revamped 'Top of the Pops' returns to the old house after a decade in exile. Independent. London. Received on February 28, 2008. b Camera Controller. EastEnders. Bbc. Archive from the original October 28, 2006. Received on January 4, 2013. BBC Elstree Centre. The history of the TV studio. Received on January 25, 2019. Smith 2005, page 147 - Winter Wonderland. EastEnders. Bbc. Archive from the original on February 10, 2007. Received on January 4, 2013. Let it snow - airports and schools are closed. Daily Mirror. February 9, 2007. Received on January 4, 2013. a b c Brake 1995, page 54 - Green, Chris (May 5, 2010). EXCLUSIVE: EastEnders for links to election results. Digital spy. Received on May 6, 2010. Robb, Stephen (June 14, 2006). World Cup fever hits Walford. BBC News. Received on January 4, 2013. EastEnders film a last-minute scene to mark the death of Michael Jackson on Friday's episode. The Daily Telegraph. June 26, 2009. Received on December 22, 2016. Green, Chris (June 26, 2009). EastEnders films Michael Jackson links. Digital spy. Received on June 26, 2009. Danielle Kilkelly (October 21, 2010). Exclusive: 'EastEnders' for reference to spending review. Digital spy. Received on October 21, 2010. Patterson, Callum (July 9, 2013). EastEnders refer to Andy Murray's Wimbledon victory. ATV Today UK. ATV network. Received on July 9, 2013. EastEnders reflects the royal birth. BBC News. July 23, 2013. Received on July 24, 2013. Brake 1995, page 36 - Episode 31/12/1985. EastEnders. December 31, 1985. Bbc. BBC1. Brake 1995, page 46 - b c BBC Office of the costs of producing an ongoing drama (PDF). BBC Trust. March 3, 2011. Archive from the original (PDF) dated August 25, 2013. Received on June 13, 2017. Tony Purnell (November 11, 1997). Area of Italy deal; last night's view. Daily Mirror. Received on January 4, 2013. Watchdog attacks EastEnders. BBC News. March 29, 2000. Received on January 4, 2013. a b EastEnders: life abroad. UKTV. Archive from the original September 27 Year. Received on January 4, 2013. Eastenders Easter Special (2007). Kent Cinema Office. Archive from the original on April 21, 2019. Received on March 11, 2019. ^ ^ Movie office. Kent Cinema Office Eastenders article. Archive from the original on February 24, 2018. Received on February 23, 2018. EastEnders Vixens: The Rise and Fall of Stella. EastEnders. July 20, 2007. Bbc. BBC Three. Eastenders in court. Advertiser Herts. August 23, 2007. Archive from the original on September 28, 2007. Received on January 4, 2013. Alexandra Barham (December 4, 2009). The Streaker Storm EastEnders film is set in St Albans. St Albans and Harpenden Review. Received on December 5, 2009. Ben Falk (August 19, 2007). There are butchers in this. Belfast Telegraph. Independent news and media. Archive from the original on August 24, 2007. Received on January 4, 2013. Green, Chris (June 7, 2010). Photo: Ronnie shops for a wedding dress in Enders?. Digital spy. London. Received on June 7, 2010. McCarthy, Ryan (June 7, 2011). EastEnders Dot Cotton filming in Thorpe Bay. Echo. Basildon. Received on June 7, 2011. Simon Boyle (June 8, 2011). EastEnders stunt actor smashes his head while filming 's horror fall. Daily Mirror. London. Received on June 8, 2011. Danielle Kilkelly (June 8, 2011). EastEnders stuntman injured in pier fall Digital spy. London. Received on June 8, 2011. Danielle Kilkelly (September 11, 2012). 'EastEnders' details of car crash revealed. Digital spy. Received on September 11, 2012. Colin Daniels (January 27, 2013). 'EastEnders' shoot interrupted by gang threatening to cut up crew. Digital spy. Received on February 4, 2013. EastEnders meets Southend. Request. October 10, 2013. Archive from the original on October 14, 2013. Received on October 10, 2013. Green, Chris (September 15, 2009). Live ep for 'EastEnders' 25th anniversary. Digital spy. Received on September 15, 2009. Nikki. EastEnders: The Olympic flame is coming to Walford!. Received on 13 March 2012. EastEnders boss Bobby reveal: This is the beginning of a great story. Digital spy. Received on August 9, 2015. EastEnders star Laurie Brett on Bobby: I Know, from Nov. Digital spy. Received on August 9, 2015. EastEnders star Hetty Bywater on Bobby reveal: I was so shocked. Digital spy. Received on August 9, 2015. Brake 1995, page 142 - Brake 1995, page 143 - EastEnders. BBC Studios. Received on October 9, 2016. Sun, sea, sex, sand and conservatism in Australian TV soap opera (PDF). University of Technology, QUEENSLAND. Received on June 18, 2016. BBC Television Script Agreement (PDF). Writers Guild of Great Britain. May 22, 2012. Received on July 11, 2016. a b c How much do soap stars earn?. Radio Times. May 14, 2011. Received on June 4, 2016. Anita Singh; Danny Boyle (July 19, 2017). Revealed: Full list of the BBC's 96 highest-paid stars. The Daily Telegraph. Received on July 19, 2017. a b BBC office spending on producing the ongoing drama State control. March 3, 2011. Received June 4 Anthony Barnes (March 22, 2011). The BBC has spent a total of 700,000 pounds on an Episode of EastEnders. Independent. Received on June 4, 2016. Total annual costs for continuing the drama (PDF). State control. March 3, 2011. Received on June 4, 2016. - b c d e f h i j Eco-Enders - EastEnders wins the award for Best Sustainability. EastEnders. BBC Online. May 9, 2016. Received on March 30, 2017. Newcombe, Horace (2005). Encyclopedia of television. Fitzroy Dearborn. page 780. ISBN 9781579583941. OCLC 155865398. Hewson, David (August 15, 1985). EastEnders loses the ratings battle. The Times (62217). page 3. Archive from the original on December 22, 2018. Received on December 16, 2018 - through Gale. b Educational resource (part 1). Bbc. Archive from the original on April 3, 2007. Deans, Jason (August 13, 2001). EastEnders wins the battle. Keeper. London. Received on July 16, 2006. Jason Deans (February 14, 2003). BBC3 is breaking down barriers. Keeper. London. Received on July 16, 2006. Educational resource (part 2). Bbc. Archive from the original March 4, 2006. Received on February 15, 2016. Museum of Broadcasting Communications - Encyclopedia of Television. MuseumTV. Archive from the original on May 4, 2016. Received on August 9, 2015. BBC - EastEnders: EastEnders Omnibus moved. Received on 10 April 2012. EastEnders Omnibus. Bbc. April 2012. Received on April 14, 2012. The omnibus will end in 2015. Bbc. 3 October 2014. Received on November 26, 2014. b Dowell, Ben (January 15, 2016). EastEnders repeat - where will it be shown when BBC3 airs? The new W channel replaces the Watch. Radio Times. Received on January 15, 2016. Sheldon, Alfie (February 16, 2016). EastEnders is repeating the move to rebrand watch channel. eastendersspy.co.uk archive from the original dated February 13, 2018. Received on February 12, 2018. BBC One listings: 20 February 1995. Unforgettable EastEnders: 17 February 1995. Unforgettable EastEnders. February 24, 1995. 96 - via BBC Genome. Unforgettable EastEnders. March 3, 1995. 92 - via BBC Genome. Unforgettable EastEnders. March 10, 1995. 94 - via BBC Genome. Episodes by date. Received on 7 June 2013. EastEnders Omnibus Episodes. BBC programmes. Received on February 1, 2017. Mozabari, Lawrence (April 10, 2018). EastEnders repeats axed from UKTV channel W after two years Digital spy. Received on January 4, 2019. EastEnders iPlayer. BBC iPlayer. Received on April 23, 2017. EastEnders Season 1985 Episodes. Bbc. 1 December 2012. Received on April 14, 2013. Classic EastEnders. Drama. Archive from the original on August 5, 2018. Received on August 5, 2018. Justin Harp (June 18, 2018). EastEnders fans, that's when and where you can watch classic episodes from the start. Digital. Received on June 22, 2018. EastEnders Christmas Received on December 21, 2019. Constant Dead Link - b Smith s Holland 1987, page 210-215 - International News: WORLD IN BRIEF - SERBIA TO AIR EASTENDERS FROM FIRST Episode (pdf). Broadcast: 15. December 12, 1997. Received on February 21, 2017 - through Proquest. - BBC America dumps EastEnders, Broadcast, EastEnders returns to US screens. BBC News. June 4, 2004. Received on December 22, 2016. EastEnders view chart Archive 16 March 2017 on Wayback Machine WETA UK EastEnders. Received on May 24, 2013. Schvidt, Oriana (March 7, 2017). The BBC and ITV's BritBox launches with Fawlty Towers, Prime Suspect, Absolutely Fabulous. Different. Received on March 8, 2017. Andrew Conway (February 1, 1999). New today for Dalley. The Sydney Morning Herald. Sydney. page 2. Archive from the original on March 21, 2012. Received on February 10, 2010. UKTV - Channels - BBC Worldwide Australia. BBC Worldwide Australia. Archive from the original on August 23, 2015. Received on August 9, 2015. UKTV - Channels - BBC Worldwide New ealand. BBC Around the World New ealand. Archive from the original on July 28, 2015. Received on August 9, 2015. BBC Prime. Received on September 25, 2006. Frequently asked questions. BBC Entertainment. Archive from the original on September 23, 2009. Received on October 11, 2007. Frequently asked questions by BBC Canada. Received on September 24, 2006. John Doyle (October 19, 2010). Why do The Soap Brit endure?. The Globe and Mail. Toronto: CTVglobemedia. Received on October 19, 2010. Christina Doherty (January 7, 2001). How TV3 beat RTH in soap wars. Sunday business post. Archived from the original on May 11, 2005. Received on July 4, 2010. TV Guide Listings for all Irish TV channels. RTE.ie. received on August 3, 2019. PLAYER RTS EastEnders. Player RTS. Received on April 23, 2017. a b c News: EastEnders goes Dutch (pdf). Broadcast: 6. 15 November 1993. Received march 15, 2017 - through Proquest. Van Gelder, Hank (March 13, 1993). Het Oude Noorden' is geen belediging voor intelligentie. NRC Handelsblad (in Dutch). Archive from the original on March 16, 2018. Received on March 15, 2017. Allen and Hill 2004, page 264 - Het Oude Noorden Episodes. The Netherlands Institute of Sound and Vision. Received on March 27, 2017. Constant Dead Connection - Doctor Who: Classic Series: Dimensions in Time. Received on December 3, 2018. BBC Three - 1 December 2006 - BBC Genome. genome.ch.bbc.co.uk - b Rushton, Katherine (October 22, 2009). Web drama comes of age with the EastEnders spin-off. Broadcast. Received on October 22, 2009. Walford returns to the Internet with the second series of EastEnders: E20 (Press Release). Bbc. 8 April 2010. Received on April 9, 2010. EastEnders joins forces with Michael Wood and Wallace and Gromit to inspire a life full of learning for BBC (Press Release). BBC press office. 27 27 2010. Received on 27 September 2010. Love, Ryan (November 8, 2010). Soap - 'Enders, Corrie 'CIN' crossover confirmed - Digital Spy. Digital spy. Received on November 13, 2010. Danielle Kilkelly (November 17, 2010). In pictures: Enders, Corrie's crossover. Digital spy. London. Received on November 17, 2010. a b c Noah, Sherna (August 1, 2016). First look at Eastenders Irish spin-off Redwater... but did the producers learn from the previous mistakes of Oisha? Independent. Received on December 22, 2016. BBC Store EastEnders. BBC Hee Shop. Archive from the original on March 8, 2016. Received on December 16, 2016. EastEnders: CivvyStreet. BBC Hee Shop. Received on December 16, 2016. Constant Dead Connection - Marr, Andrew (host) (August 10, 2008). Tea-time Britain. Britain is on top. Bbc. b c Four-screen dashboard. Received on February 5, 2020. Fiddick, Peter (March 7, 1985). Research (2899). Listener. page 38. Katherine Hassell, February 15, 2015. EastEnders 30th anniversary: The most memorable moments of the hit BBC soap. Daily Express. Received on December 22, 2016. Monroe 1994, page 6 and Kingsley 1991, page 8, Fiddick, Peter (August 8, 1985). Research (pdf). Listener (2921): 42. Received on January 20, 2017 - through Gale. Soap battles in TV showdown, BBC News. Received on April 1, 2007. Matt Wells (September 22, 2004). The axe falls on the eastEnders boss. Keeper. London. Received on July 16, 2006. EastEnders loses to Emmerdale. BBC News. July 22, 2004. Received on July 16, 2006. 'Emmerdale' beats 'Enders' in head-to-head ratings. Digital spy. March 2, 2005. Received on June 29, 2013. 'EastEnders' hits all-time ratings low. Digital spy. March 18, 2005. Received on June 29, 2013. EastEnders ratings have hit a record low, BBC News reports. Received on April 1, 2007. EastEnders is falling to a record low. Metro. United Kingdom. May 19, 2007. Received on May 19, 2007. Green, Chris (April 16, 2010). EastEnders drops to 5.9m Digital Spy. Received on April 16, 2010. Chris Trihorn (January 30, 2008). TV ratings - January 29: EastEnders edge past Emmerdale. Keeper. Received on April 12, 2017. Live EastEnders watched at 16.6m BBC News. February 20, 2010. Received on February 20, 2010. Danielle Kilkelly ,20 February 2015). EastEnders: Who Killed Lucy? The Shocks bring in 10.8m on Thursday. Digital spy. Received on March 1, 2015. EastEnders Live brings in 10 million In Friday ratings. February 21, 2015. Received on March 1, 2015. Weekly top 30 programs. Barb. Received on March 9, 2016. Buckingham 1987, page 129 - EastEnders: Faith, Morality and Hope in Society. Bbc. 4 September 2002. Received on April 30, 2017. BBC tapped by EastEnders BBC News, last access to 31 January 2003 - EastEnders star Violence. BBC News. December 31, 2003. Archive from the original on November 14, 2012. Received on June 19, 2011. Day, Julia (November 2, 2005). 2005). accused of anti-veghiosis bias. Keeper. London. Received on May 24, 2011. Love, Ryan (July 12, 2010). The BBC defends the EastEnders storyline of Lucas. Digital spy. London. Received on July 13, 2010. McGuinness slams alcohol in soap. BBC News. February 14, 2008. Received on April 12, 2017. EastEnders spoilers: Viewers APPALLED the shocking INCEST plot 'Step too far'. Daily Express. July 7, 2017. Received on December 3, 2018. EastEnders is falling to its lowest ever ratings as a SHOCK incest plot sickens viewers. Daily Express. July 8, 2017. Received on December 3, 2018. EastEnders spoiler: The truth about the incest storyline exposed as Keanu drops it's a bombshell. Daily Express. July 10, 2017. Received on December 3, 2018. The BBC sets out the promises, BBC News. Received on June 21, 2007. Alex Fletcher (July 17, 2008). Report the soap brands are 'too white'. Digital spy. Received on November 4, 2009. Assudani, Yasin (October 16, 2013). Where does EastEnders go wrong?. New York. Received on June 24, 2016. Stuart Kemp. Former EastEnders producer: THE TV industry needs to get real on diversity. Keeper. Received on August 9, 2015. Anita Singh (June 23, 2014). EastEnders is too white, says BBC Trust chief. Telegraph.co.uk received on August 9, 2015. The BBC defends the EastEnders sex scene for BBC News. Received on November 2, 2006. Ofcom Broadcast Bulletin 112 (PDF). Ofcom. June 2008. Archive from the original (PDF) dated March 26, 2009. Holmwood, Lee (September 18, 2008). EastEnders paedophile plot draws 200 complaints. Keeper. London. Received on November 6, 2008. EastEnders cot death complaint top 3400. BBC News. January 4, 2011. Received on January 5, 2011. Laws, Rose (December 26, 2010). Baby Ronnie dies, so she swaps it for Kat in a shocking and funny EastEnders storyline. Birmingham Mail. Birmingham. Received on December 26, 2010. Danielle Kilkelly (November 12, 2010). 'EastEnders' confirms tragic children's plot Digital spy. London. Received on November 21, 2010. Plunkett, John (January 7, 2011). EastEnders: Cot death plot complaint hit the record. Keeper. London. Received on January 7, 2011. Plunkett, John. 'EastEnders' baby fall swap nabs 10.2m Plunkett, John. Ronnie 'Enders' baby swap draws 9m. Received on March 11, 2015. The BBC defends the EastEnders rape plot. BBC News. October 7, 2014. Received on October 7, 2014. EastEnders is being investigated by Ofcom over a rape plot. BBC News. November 17, 2014. Danielle Kilkelly (January 5, 2015). EastEnders: Dean, Linda rape episode cleared by Ofcom. Digital spy. Received on January 5, 2015. Leach, Ben (February 22, 2010). Detectives allege EastEnders damaged his profession. Telegraph. London. Received on February 22, 2010. Fury over EastEnders' 'misleading' social storyline works. Public care. October 9, 2012. Received on October 9, 2012. Rob Greenslade (October 9, 2012). Social Social outraged EastEnders story about baby Lexi. Keeper. Received on October 9, 2012. Allen Bibliography, Robert C; Hill, Annette (2004). Television is studying the reader. Routledge. ISBN 9780415283236. OCLC 846446529.CS1 maint: ref'harv (link) Barker, Chris (1997). Global TV. Wylie Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-631-20150-2.CS1 maint: ref'harv (link) Barraclough, John (1986). EastEnders Special (1987 Annual). London: Grandreams. ISBN 978- 0-86227-384-2.CS1 maint: ref'harv (link) Brake, Colin (1995). EastEnders: The first 10 years: Celebration. Bbc Books. ISBN 978-0-563-37057-4.CS1 maint: ref'harv (link) Buckingham, David (1987). State Secrets: EastEnders and its audience. London: BFI Books. ISBN 978-0-85170-210-0.CS1 maint: ref'harv (link) Geraghty, Cristina (1991). Women and Soap Opera: Exploring prime-time soaps. Politics Press. ISBN 978-0-7456-0489-3.CS1 maint: ref'harv (link) Kingsley, Hilary (1991). EastEnders guide. London: BBC Books. ISBN 978-0-563-36292-0.CS1 maint: ref'harv (link) Monroe, Josephine (1994). Eastenders guide. London: Virgo. ISBN 978-0-86369-825-5.CS1 maint: ref'harv (link) Slide, Anthony (1996). Some Joe You Don't Know: An American Biographical Guide to 100 British TV Figures. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-29550-8.CS1 maint: ref'harv (link) Smith, Julia; Holland, Tony (1987). EastEnders - Inside Story. Associates Bookshop. ISBN 978-0-563-20601-9.CS1 maint: ref'harv (link) Smith, Rupert (2005). EastEnders: 20 years in Albert Square. Bbc Books. ISBN 978-0-563-52165-5.CS1 maint: ref'harv (link) External Commons links has media related to EastEnders. EastEnders on BBC Online EastEnders on BBC Studios EastEnders on BBC Studioworks EastEnders on TV.com EastEnders at the British Film Institute EastEnders on IMDb EastEnders on YouTube Received from This article has several problems. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the discussion page. (Learn how and when to delete these message templates) This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. Please help improve it to make it understandable to non-experts without deleting technical details. (October 2011) (Find out how and when to delete this template message) This article should be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (April 2017) (Learn how and when to delete this message template) Part of the series on mobile phone Generation Mobile Telecommunications 0G 2G 2.5G 2.75G 3G 3.5G 3.75G 3.75G 3. 9G/3.95G 4G 4G/4.5G 4.5G/4.9G 5G 6G vte 3G (short for third generation) is the third generation of wireless mobile telecommunications technology. This is an update 2.5G and 2.5G GPRS networks, for faster data data This is based on a set of standards used for mobile devices and mobile and network services that meet the specifications of the International Telecommunication Union 2000 (IMT-2000). 3G is used in wireless voice telephony, mobile Internet access, fixed wireless Internet access, video calls and mobile television. 3G telecommunications support services, which provide at least 144 kbps of information, also provide multi-Mbit/s mobile broadband access to smartphones and mobile modems on laptops. This ensures that it can be applied to wireless voice telephony, mobile Internet access, fixed wireless Internet access, video calls and mobile TELEVISION technology. A new generation of cellular standards has been introduced in about every tenth year since the introduction of 1G systems in 1979 and in the early to mid-1980s. Each generation is characterized by new frequency ranges, higher data transmission rates and incompatible with reverse movement technology. The first commercial 3G networks were commissioned in mid-2001. A review of several telecommunications companies' mobile Internet wireless services market, like 3G, indicating that the advertised service is provided via a 3G wireless network. To meet IMT-2000 standards, However, many services advertised as 3G provide higher speeds than the minimum technical requirements for 3G service. The following standards are usually branded 3G: umTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System), first proposed in 2001, standardized 3GPP, is used mainly in Europe, Japan, China (however with other radio interface) and other regions, mainly GSM (Global Systems for Mobile Devices) 2G System Infrastructure. Cell phones are usually UMTS and GSM hybrids. There are several radio interfaces that share the same infrastructure: the original and most common radio interface is called W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access). The TD-SCDMA radio interface was commercialized in 2009 and is only offered in China. The latest release of UMTS, HSPA, can provide peak data transmission rates of up to 56 Mbps in downlink in theory (28 Mbit/s in existing services) and 22 Mbit/s in uplink. CDMA2000, Proposed in 2002, standardized 3GPP2, used, especially in North America and Korea, sharing infrastructure with the standard IS-95 2G. Cell phone phones phones HYBRIDs CDMA2000 and IS-95. The latest release of EVDO Rev B offers peak rates of 14.7 Mbps downstream. The aforementioned systems and radio interfaces are based on the radio transmission technology of the spectrum of distribution. While the GSM EDGE (2.9G), DECT wireless phones and Mobile WiMAX standards also formally meet IMT-2000 requirements and are approved by ITU as 3G standards, they are generally not 3G branded and are based on completely different technologies. The following common standards meet the IMT2000/3G standard: EDGE, 3GPP's revision of older 2G GSM transmission methods using the same switching nodes, base stations and frequencies as GPRS, but new base stations and cell phone RF schemes. It is based on a three times more efficient 8PSK modulation scheme as an addition to the original GMSK modulation scheme. EDGE is still widely used because of its ease of upgrade from existing 2G GSM infrastructure and cell phones. EDGE, combined with GPRS 2.5G technology called EGPRS, allows peak data transmission in 200 kbps, like the original versions of the UMTS WCDMA, and thus formally meets the IMT2000 requirements for 3G systems. EDGE shows slightly better system spectral efficiency than the original UMTS and CDMA2000 systems, but it is difficult to achieve much higher peak data speeds due to the limited spectral bandwidth of the GSM 200 kHz, and this is thus a dead end. EDGE was also mode in the SYSTEM IS-136 TDMA, today stopped. Evolved EDGE, the latest edition, has peaks of 1 Mbps downstream and 400 kbps upstream, but is not used in commercial companies. A universal mobile telecommunications system created and revised by 3GPP. The family represents 1000 m. in terms of coding methods and equipment, although some GSM sites can be upgraded for UMTS/W-CDMA broadcasting. W-CDMA is the most common deployment typically used at 2100 MHz. Some others use ranges of 850, 900 and 1900 MHz. HSPA is a combination of multiple updates to the original W-CDMA standard and offers speeds of 14.4 Mbps down and 5.76 Mbps up. HSPA is compatible with feedback with and uses the same frequencies as W-CDMA. HSPA, a further revision and update of the HSPA, can provide theoretical peak data speeds of up to 168 Mbps in downlink and 22 Mbit/s in uplink, using a combination of improved air interface as well as multi-carrier HSPA and MIMO. Technically though, MIMO and DC-HSPA can be used without I improving the HSPA' CDMA2000 system, or IS-2000, including CDMA2000 1x and CDMA2000 High Rate Packet Data (or EVDO), 3GPP2 (different from 3GPP), evolving from the original CDMA IS-95 system, is used especially in North America, China, India, Pakistan, Japan, Japan, Asia, Europe and Africa. CDMA2000 1x Rev. E has an increased voice capacity (over three times) compared to the Rev. 0 EVDO Rev. B offers downstream peak rates of 14.7 Mbps while Rev. C expands existing and new terminals to the user experience. Although DECT wireless phones and WiMAX mobile standards also formally meet the IMT-2000 requirements, they are not usually considered due to their rarity and unsuitability to use with mobile phones. In 1992, 3G (UMTS and CDMA2000) 3G systems (UMTS and CDMA2000) began researching and developing. In 1999, ITU approved five radio interfaces for IMT-2000 as part of the ITU-R M.1457 Recommendation; WiMAX was added in 2007. There are evolutionary standards (EDGE and CDMA) that are compatible back extensions with existing 2G networks, as well as revolutionary standards that require all new network hardware and frequency distribution. Cell phones use UMTS in conjunction with 2G GSM standards and bandwidth, but do not support EDGE. The last group is the UMTS family, which consists of standards developed for IMT-2000, as well as independently developed DECT and WiMAX standards, which were included because they met the definition of IMT-2000. While EDGE performs 3G specifications, most GSM/UMTS phones report EDGE (2.75G) and UMTS (3G) functionality. History 3G technology is the result of research and development carried out by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in the early 1980s. The specifications were available to the public under the name IMT-2000. The range of communications from 400 MHz to 3GHz was allocated to 3G. Both the government and communications companies approved the 3G standard. It was first available in May 2001 as a pre-release (test) of W-CDMA technology. The first commercial launch of 3G was also NTT DoCoMo in Japan on October 1, 2001, although initially it was somewhat limited in scope; The wider availability of the system has been delayed because of apparent concerns about its reliability. The first European pre-anchor network was the UMTS network on the Isle of Man from Manx Telecom, the operator then owned by British Telecom, and the first commercial network (also UMTS founded by W-CDMA) in Europe was opened for Telenor business in December 2001 without commercial phones and thus without paid customers. The first network to become a commercial company was SK Telecom in Korea using CDMA-based 1xEV-DO technology in January 2002. By May 2002, South Korea's second 3G network was CT on EV-DO and thus the South Koreans were the first to see competition among 3G operators. States was from Monet Mobile Mobile on cdMA2000 1x EV-DO technology, but this network provider later closed operations. The second operator of the 3G network in the U.S. Verizon Wireless in July 2002 is also on CDMA2000 1x EV-DO. Att Mobility was also the real 3G UMTS network, which completed the upgrade of the 3G network to HSUPA. The first commercial 3G network in the UK was launched by Hutchison Telecom, which was originally behind Orange S.A. In 2003, the company announced the first commercial network of third generation mobile phones or 3G in the UK. The first pre-regional demonstration network in the southern hemisphere was built in Adelaide, southern Australia, by the m.Net Corporation in February 2002 using UMTS at 2100 MHz. It was a demonstration network of the 2002 World IT Congress. The first commercial 3G network was launched by Hutchison Telecommunications under the brand name Three or 3 in June 2003. In India, on December 11, 2008, the first 3G mobile and Internet services were launched by the state-owned Mahanagar Telecom Nigam Limited (MTNL) in the cities of Delhi and Mumbai, which focused only on megacities. After MTNL, another state-owned company, Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), began deploying 3G networks across the country. Emtel has launched the first 3G network in Africa. Adoption of Japan was one of the first countries to adopt 3G, which was caused by the distribution of the 3G spectrum, which in Japan was awarded at no particular cost. The frequency spectrum has been allocated in the U.S. and Europe through auctions, which requires huge initial investment for any company wishing to provide 3G services. Nepal Telecom first hosted the 3G Service in South Asia. However, its 3G was relatively slow to be adopted in Nepal. In some cases, 3G networks do not use the same radio frequencies as 2G, so mobile operators need to create brand new networks and license entirely new frequencies, especially to achieve high data speeds. Delays in other countries were related to the cost of upgrading transmission equipment, especially for UMTS, whose deployment required the replacement of most broadcast towers. Because of these problems and deployment difficulties, many carriers have been unable or delayed the acquisition of these upgraded capabilities. According to the Global Association of Mobile Device Suppliers (GSA), 190 3G and 154 HSDPA networks operated in 40 countries in December 2007. In Asia, Europe, Canada and the United States, telecommunications companies use W-CDMA technology, supported by about 100 3G mobile terminal projects. License some European countries have had highly, backed by government auctions of a limited number of licenses and sealed auctions, and the initial hype about the potential of 3G. This led to a telecommunications accident that occurred at the same time as similar accidents in fiber optic and dot.com areas. The 3G standard may be well known due to the massive expansion of the mobile market after 2G and the advances of the consumer mobile phone. A particularly notable event during this time is a smartphone (e.g. iPhone and Android family), combining the capabilities of the PDA with a mobile phone, which leads to a wide demand for mobile Internet communication. 3G has also introduced the term mobile broadband because its speed and capabilities make it a viable alternative to browsing the web, and USB modems connecting to 3G networks are becoming more common. Infiltration by June 2007, 200 million 3G subscribers were connected of which 10 million were in Nepal and 8.2 million in India. This 200-millionth share is only 6.7% of the 3 billion mobile phone subscriptions worldwide. (When counting CDMA2000 1x RTT customers-max bitrate 72% of 200kbit/s, which determines the 3G-total size of almost 3G subscriber base was 475 million as of June 2007, which accounted for 15.8% of all subscribers worldwide.) In countries where 3G was launched first - Japan and Korea - penetration of 3G is more than 70%. In Europe, the leading country for 3G penetration is Italy, a third of whose subscribers migrated to 3G. Other leading countries that use 3G include Nepal, the UK, Austria, Australia and Singapore at the migration level of 32%. ITU estimates that as of the fourth quarter of 2012, there were 2,096 million active mobile broadband subscribers out of 6,835 million subscribers, just over 30%. About half of mobile broadband subscribers for subscribers in developed countries, 934 million out of 1600 million in total, and more than 50%. Note, however, that there is a difference between a phone with mobile broadband and a smartphone with a large display and so on, Although according to ITU and informatandm.com the U.S. has 321 million mobile subscriptions, including 256 million that are 3G or 4G, which is as 80% of the subscriber base and 80% of the U.S. population, according to ComScore only a year earlier in the fourth quarter of 2011 only about 42% of people surveyed in the U.S. reported that they owned a smartphone. In Japan, 3G penetration was similar at around 81%, but smartphone ownership was down about 17%. China had 486.5 million 3G subscribers in June 2014, with a population of 1,385,566,537 (UN 2013 estimate). Decline and decommissioning Since the ever-increasing introduction of 4G, the use of 3G has been in decline. Multiple operators worldwide is already or are in the process of closing their 3G 3G In several locations, 3G is now closed while its old predecessor 2G is being kept in operation - Vodafone Europe does so, citing the fact that 2G is a useful low power retreat. In the U.S., Verizon plans to close its 3G services by the end of 2020, while T-Mobile plans to do so in January 2021, and ATT plans to do so by 2022. It is estimated that there are nearly 8,000 patents declared necessary (FRAND) related to the 483 technical specifications that form the 3GPP and 3GPP2 standards. Twelve companies in 2004 made up 90% of patents (Kvalcomm, Eriksson, Nokia, Motorola, Philips, NTT DoCoMo, Siemens, Mitsubishi, Fujitsu, Hitachi, InterDigital and Matsushita). Even so, some of the patents required for 3G may not have been declared by their patent holders. Nortel and Lucent are believed to have the undisclosed patents required for these standards. In addition, the existing 3G Patent Platform Partnership patent pool has little impact on FRAND's protection as it excludes the four largest 3G patent holders. Loburhanstandard and say that the bets he determines will not be met. In the commentary, that is expected that the IMT-2000 will provide higher transmission speeds: a minimum data rate of 2 Mbps for landline or walking users, and 348 kbps in a moving car, in fact ITU does not clearly specify the minimum required rates, nor require an average rate, no clarification modes are required as 3G, so the various vague rates of data are sold as 3G in the market. In the implementation of the market, the speed of data transmission of 3G, determined by telecommunications service providers, varies depending on the deployed technology; up to 384kbit/s for WCDMA, up to 7.2Mbit/sec for HSPA and a theoretical maximum of 21.6 Mbit/s for HSPA' (technically 3.5G, but usually clubbed under 3G tradename). (quote is necessary) Compare data speed with 3.5G and 4G networks. Security See also: Mobile security and attacks based on GSM 3G networks provide more security than their predecessors 2G. By allowing UE (User Equipment) to verify the authenticity of the network, to it attaches, the user can be sure that the network is a intended, not an imitator. 3G networks use the KASUMI block cipher instead of the old A5/1 stream cipher. However, a number of serious flaws in the KASUMI cipher have been identified. In addition to 3G network infrastructure security, access to application infrastructures such as IMS is still offered security, although it is not strictly 3G. Evolution 3GPP and 3GPP2 are working to expand 3G standards based on IP network infrastructure that use advanced wireless technologies such as MIMO. These specifications already reflect the characteristics specific to IMT-Advanced (4G), the successor to 3G. However, without meeting 4G bandwidth requirements (which is 1 Gbps for stationary and 100 Mbps for mobile work), these standards are classified as 3.9G or Pre-4G. 3GPP plans to meet 4G's LTE Advanced goals, while Kvalcomm has halted UMB's development in favor of the LTE family. On December 14, 2009, Telia Sonera announced in an official press release that we are very proud to be the first operators in the world to offer 4G services to our customers. With the launch of their LTE network, they initially offer pre-4G (or outside 3G) services in Stockholm, Sweden and Oslo, Norway. Past Networks 3G Country Network Total Decommissioning Date Details Germany Deutsche Telekom June 30, 2021 See also a list of generations of mobile phones Mobile Radio Phone (also known as 0G) Mobile Broadband 1G 2G 4G 5G LTE (telecommunication) 4G LTE Links to b Everything About Technology. itu.int April 4, 2011. Received on August 17, 2019. 3G CELLULAR STANDARDS WITH PATENTS. projectsatbangalore.com on June 24, 2014. Received on August 17, 2019. Factors that contribute to 3G death in India. businesstoday.in. July 5, 2015. Received on August 17, 2019. b 3G vs 4G: What's the difference?. PCMAG. February 10, 2015. Received on August 17, 2019. Ben Charney (October 1, 2001). The world's first 3G phone network is broadcast live. Zdnet. Received on August 16, 2019. McCarthy, Kieren (October 1, 2001). The world's first 3G network lives today. theregister.co.uk received on August 16, 2019. EVOLUTION TO 3G MOBILE - STATUS REPORT. itu.int. 29 July 2003. Received on August 16, 2019. The first 3G mobile phones launched in Japan. October 1, 2001. Received on August 16, 2019. Download speed: Comparison of 2G, 3G, 4G and 5G mobile networks. Ken's technical advice. November 23, 2019. Received on August 17, 2019. Hspa. 3gpp.org. received on August 17, 2019. HTC - Touch phone, PDA Phone, Smartphone, Mobile Computer. November 22, 2008. Archive from the original on November 22, 2008. Received on August 17, 2019. Itu. ITU Radio Communications approves new developments for its 3G standards. Archive from the original on May 19, 2009. Received on June 1, 2009. EDGE, 3G, H etc.: What are these mobile networks? MakeUseOf. February 15, 2019. Received on August 17, 2019. The new Ericsson/CATT/DoCoMo mobile millennium is jointly demonstrating innovative W-CDMA technology at PT/Wireless Press Center NTT DOCOMO Global. Nttdocomo.com on November 9, 1999. Archive from the original on February 6, 2012. Received 30 2012. Choice Economists HKTDC Research. . broadbandmag.co.uk/3G grinds to the beginning. Archive from the original on April 23, 2009. Received on April 7, 2009. DoCoMo delays the launch of 3G. Wired access. April 24, 2001. 3G in the UK. 3g.co.uk. About Hutchison. Hutchison Telecommunications (Australia) Limited. June 11, 2008. Received on April 7, 2012. Emtel Africa Outlook Magazine. Africa Outlook Magazine. Received on February 3, 2018. Radio Communications Agency : Radio Frequency Spectrum Auction for third generation mobile phones - National Audit Office (NAO) Report. State control. October 19, 2001. Received on August 17, 2019. Plus 8 star presentation, Whether 3G dog or demon - Hints from 7 years 3G Hype in Asia. Plus8star.com on June 11, 2008. Received on September 6, 2010. b c Global Mobile Statistics 2013 Part A: Mobile subscribers; Phone market share mobile operators. MohobiTrin. May 2013. Archive from the original on September 6, 2014. Received on October 15, 2013. 100-million club: top 10 mobile markets in terms of the number of mobile subscriptions. MohobiTrin. December 13, 2012. Archive from the original on September 26, 2013. Received on October 15, 2013. Stephen Millward (July 29, 2014). China currently has 486.5 million 3G subscribers, but only 14 million on the new 4G technology network in Asia. Received on August 4, 2014. HTTPS://WWW.THEREGISTER.COM/2019/10/18/DONT_SWITCH_OFF_2G_REPORT/ - HTTPS://BGR.COM/2020/07/24/T-MOBILE-3G-SHUTDOWN-JANUARY-2021-PHONE-UPGRADE/ HTTPS://WWW.LIGHTREADING.COM/5G/GOODBYE-3G-HERES-WHEN-T-MOBILE-ATANDT-AND-VERIZON-WILL-SHUT-IT-OFF-/D/D-ID/763362 3G CELLULAR STANDARDS AND PATENTS. engpaper.com on June 13, 2005. Received on June 24, 2012. b David Goodman (June 13, 2005). 3G CELLULAR STANDARDS AND PATENTS (PDF). IEEE Wireless com. New York University Polytechnic Institute. Archive from the original (PDF) dated June 20, 2015. Received on June 24, 2012. Study of the interaction between standards and intellectual property rights (IPRs) (PDF). European Commission. July 18, 2009. Archive from the original (PDF) dated December 24, 2012. Received on June 24, 2012. Pools that cover only a fraction of the actual IPR for the standard are not very useful. It is very important that large licenses register. Examples of pools that have little impact are the 3G licensing pool (which excludes the four largest IPR owners for 3G) and the 802.11 viaLicensing pool. Possible show-stopper shadow 3G patent pool. eetimes.com May 21, 1999. Received on June 24, 2012. Despite this, Kvalcomm (San Diego) is still a wild card in the effort to combine patents. When it was formed in February 1998, she was a member of the UMTS group, but last September it was depleted. Cellular standards for the third generation. Itu. 1 2005. Archive from the original on May 24, 2008. Third Generation Security (3G) Mobile System (PDF). Network systems and security Archive from the original (PDF) dated September 12, 2003. Kvalcomm stops UMB project, Reuters, November 13, 2008 - the first in the world with 4G services. Teliasonera. December 14, 2009. Received on September 6, 2010. While 3G - now LTE is coming for everyone. Deutsche Telekom AG. September 18, 2020. External links Verizon quietly stopped regulating unlimited data 3G Wikimedia Commons has media associated with 3G. Precedes the 2nd generation (2G) Mobile Telephony Generations Replaced 4th Generation (4G) extracted from the

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