See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330439739 The challenges and the opportunities of the Belt and Road initiative for participating countries: the case of Timor-Leste Chapter · January 2019 CITATIONS READS 3 2,033 1 author: Enrique Galan University of Lisbon 20 PUBLICATIONS 34 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: CBA of the Maritime Leg of the Belt and Road Initiative View project All content following this page was uploaded by Enrique Galan on 28 June 2019. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. The challenges, development, and promise of Timor-Leste 東帝汶 挑戰、發展與願景 Edited by Ip Kuai Peng, Francisco José Leandro, Danilo Afonso-Henriques The challenges, development, and promise of Timor-Leste 東帝汶：挑戰、發展與願景 Cover Photo and Design All the sources were quoted as accurately as possible at the time of publication. The views presented in this Concept: At the dawn of the third millennia and twenty-frst century, Timor-Leste emerged as the world’s newest ‘symposium publication’ are the sole academic responsibility of the authors and do not in any way represent the and youngest nation-state. Following on from half a millennium of foreign colonial occupation and close to a views of the institutions with which the authors are affliated. The authors are exclusively and truly responsible quarter of a century of neo-colonial occupation, the determined people of the small half island, that straddles for all imprecisions, inaccuracies, recording errors, forgetfulness, omissions, research options, research faws and the dividing line that separates the Asian and Pacifc regions, commenced the arduous task of nation building. misunderstandings that this publication may contain. Although authors, editors and the publisher have made every The book cover photo contains images of the sea and ships, elements that brought Timor’s frst contact with effort to ensure that the information presented in this ‘symposium publication’ was correct at the present time, traders both from China and European powers and that continue to be defning elements in relation to its defence, the publisher does not assume and hereby disclaims any liability to any party for any loss, damage, or disruption economic and trade strategies. The photo also represents the Fatucama Peninsula in Dili, which is home to the caused by errors or omissions, whether such errors or omissions result from negligence, accident, or any other statue of Cristo Rei (Christ the King), an element depicting the dominance and importance of the Catholic cause. This ‘symposium publication’ is copyright protected for commercial purposes, but is rights-free for limited faith on the island. Likewise, the two young adolescents, are depicting the prevalence of an extremely young academic use. demographic population, with a median age of 19, and issues relating to the barriers it is still trying to overcome in terms of active engagement and participation of girls and women in the development of the country. To English editing and proofreading: symbolize the relationship between China and Timor-Teste, the fags of both countries are displayed on the spine Co-Write Bureau voor Tekstbewerking, The Netherlands, January-May 2019 of the book (Photo credits: Cedric Arnold, 2018 – Rights purchased). Publisher: Graphic Design: Jimmy Vong, S+K Creative Design (Macau) City University of Macau, Macau Special Administrative Region (MSAR), China 1st Edition, June 2019 Photo Credits: Jinn Ng, Renli Liu, Pengqin Chen, Yue She, and Cedric Arnold. Series editor: Academic and Legal Disclaimer Institute for Research on Portuguese-speaking Countries, City University of Macau, Macau Special Administrative Notwithstanding the provisions of the Intellectual Property Rights Agreement (IPR Agreement) signed by the Region (MSAR), China. ‘Contributors’, to the extent that all or any portion of this ‘symposium publication’ is not deemed to be a ‘work- made-for-hire’ under the Copyright Laws of Macau (MSAR), China. The ‘Contributors’ assigned to ‘The Pub- Printer: lisher’ all rights, title and interests, including copyright and all rights under copyright, throughout the world, in Welfare Printing Limited 華輝印刷有限公司, Rua dos Pescadores, Número 388, Fase 1, Edifício Nam Fung, 2º and to the ‘symposium publication’, including without limitation the exclusive right to publish, perform, display, Andar, A-D, Macau Special Administrative Region (MSAR), China. reproduce, distribute and sell the ‘symposium publication’ and to create derivative works, in all forms or media ISBN 978-99965-846-8-8 now known or hereafter developed, including without limitation print, electronic and on-line media, in all lan- guages throughout the world, and the right to license or authorize others to do all of the foregoing. To the extent ISBN (E-Book): 978-99965-846-9-5 that any right now or in the future existing is not specifcally granted to ‘The Publisher’ by the terms of the IPR Editors: Ip Kuai Peng - Francisco José Leandro - Danilo Afonso-Henriques Agreement mentioned before. Assistant editor and symposium logistics offcer: Wu Yuxian Institutional support: GAES/Macau Government (Gabinete de Apoio ao Ensino Superior, MSAR) 6 The challenges, development, 7 and promise of Timor-Leste “Ita atu tau belu, uma dook malu, Kuda uma tan malu, lei tau belu. 1” We became friends, even with our houses far apart, Place our houses closer together, and our friendship will fourish. Morris, H. C. (Harold Clifford) (1984). Ai knananuk ho ai knanoik nousi rai Timur, rai nousi lafaek dukur = Verse and legends from Timor, the land of the sleeping crocodile. H.C. Morris, Frankston, Vic. 1 Tetun-Terik is spoken in the south and southwestern East-Timor coastal regions. Tetun-Belu, or the Belunese dialect, is spoken in a central swathe of the island running from the Ombai Strait to the Timor Sea. Tetun- Díli, or Tetun-Prasa (literally “city Tetum”), is spoken in the capital Díli, and its surroundings, in the north of the country. 8 The challenges, development, Contents 9 and promise of Timor-Leste 15 Foreword 135 Chapter II: Belt and Road Initiative and Timor-Leste The Challenges and Opportunities of the Belt and Road 19 Opening Address Initiative for Participating Countries: The Case of Timor-Leste H.E. Bendito dos Santos Freitas (Ambassador of Timor-Leste to the People’s Enrique Martínez-Galán | Asian Development Bank, Republic of Philippines Republic of China) East Timor and China Relations in the Context of Infrastructure Development 23 Conference Opening Remarks João da Cruz Cardoso | Ministry of Planning and Strategic Investment, Ip Kuai Peng - Pro-Rector of City University of Macau, Democratic Republic of East Timor People’s Republic of China Foreign Investment Promotion and Protection in Timor-Leste: Opportunities and Risks 26 VIP Group and Symposium Gallery of Images Fernando Dias Simões | Chinese University of Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China Liu Renli, Photographer - City University of Macau, People’s Republic of China Reforms of the Timor-Leste Private Investment Law Sufan Jusoh | National University of Malaysia, Federation of Malaysia 32 Symposium Panel Organization (Offcial Program) (IROPC) 229 Chapter III – East-Timor, Macau, and Sustainable Development 35 Introduction Timor-Leste and Recent Developments in Ocean Governanc Editors - City University of Macau, People’s Republic of China Vasco Becker-Weinberg | Nova University, Lisbon, Portuguese Republic When the Chips Are Down and the Oil Runs Dry: 37 Chapter I: Transitional Challenges in Timor-Leste The Economies of Macau and Timor-Leste Danilo Lemos Henriques | City University of Macau, People’s Republic of China East-Timor: Hostage to the Cold War? The Creation of the East Timor Defense Force and Its Impact Priscilla Roberts | City University of Macau, People’s Republic of China on Regional Security Architecture Foreign Policies of Small States: Exploring Different Perspectives Luís Bernardino | Center for International Studies - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, of Power: The Case of Timor-Leste Portuguese Republic Carlos Martins Branco | Portuguese Institute of International Relations (IPRI), Portuguese Republic 289 Conclusions Women and the Economy in Contemporary Timor-Leste Francisco José Leandro | IROPC, City University of Macau, People’s Sara Niner | Monash University, Commonwealth of Australia Republic of China 305 Online Sources on Timor-Leste Priscilla Roberts | City University of Macau, People’s Republic of China 10 The challenges, development, 11 and promise of Timor-Leste I do thank you for your invitation to the best organized and most stimulating conference on East Timor I have attended for at least 20 years (and the frst in Macau) since around 1994. Wishing you success with the book. Regards, Geoffrey C. Gunn. (Emeritus Professor at University of Nagasaki, Japan) (Message addressed to the editors and received by email on 27/11/2018) 12 The challenges, development, 13 and promise of Timor-Leste National Archive and Museum of History (Díli) Photo Credits: Pengqin Chen 陳朋親 (December 2018) 14 The challenges, development, 15 and promise of Timor-Leste Foreword It was an honor to be present on the occasion of the frst event organized by City University of Macau’s think tank for strategic studies on Timor-Leste: the Timor-Leste Studies International Series Symposium “Transitions and the Belt & Road Initiative (B&RI)”. Macau and Timor-Leste share