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Home , Bookbinding, Introduction (writing), Photomontage

AN TO: Contents

Introduction 4 The art of bindery 4

A Brief History 5 Bookbinding roots 5 Power of the written word 6

Binding 101 8 Anatomy of the 8 Binding systems 10 selection 12 Handling paper 13 Types of paper 14 Folding techniques 14 Cover ideas 16

Planning Ahead 18 Choosing a bookbinding style for you 18 The Public is an activist design studio specializing in Worksheet: project management 20 changing the world. Step-by-step guide 22 This zine, a part of our Creative Resistance How-to Saddlestitch 22 Series, is designed to make our skill sets accessible accordion fold 24 to the communities with whom we work. We Hardcover fanbook with stud 27 encourage you to , share, and adapt it to fit your needs as you change the world for the better, and to Additional folding techniques 30 share your work with us along the way. Last words 31 Special thanks to Mandy K Yu from the York-Sheridan Design Program in Toronto, for developing this zine What’s Out There 32 on behalf of The Public. Materials, tools, equipment 32 services 32 For more information, please visit thepublicstudio.ca. Workshops 33

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this Selected Resources 34 license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/. Online tutorials 34 & videos 34

About our internship program Introduction Bookbinding enhances the A brief history presentation of your creative project. You can use it to THE ART OF BINDERY BOOKBINDING ROOTS Today, bookbinding can assemble a professional portfolio, be used for: Bookbinding is a means for a of photographs or Long before producing, sharing and circulating recipes, decorative guestbook, the modern • portfolios • menus independent and community or of literature such as Latin alphabet • photo albums • short stories work for artistic, personal or a personal journal or collection was conceived, • poetry books • much more commercial purposes. It is the of short stories or poetry. It can ancient • journals craft of assembling pages into also be used for an informational, civilizations • ads a book through the fastening of educational, and advertising had been multiple folded or unfolded purposes such as brochures, documenting FUN FACT r ess/ rintin g-p m/2010/05/ t he-p co

or other material. Depending on , programs, and o g. their thoughts for thousands One of the first books your budget, time, and patience, zines. Regardless of its function, of years by on stone ever printed for mass you can either get bookbinding bookbinding provides structure for or wood with tools and later, production, The Gutenberg professionally done or do it creative expression. writing with ink on or Bible, was made in yourself easily at home! There is a by hand. Germany during the 1400s diverse range of inexpensive and Professional bookbinding services by Johannes Gutenberg’s easy ways to turn creative content can be pricy and although DIY Continuing through history,

e r bl he rton rot h tt p://www.b revolutionary machine into printed matter. can be time-consuming, doing other record-keeping structures — the with it yourself can be rewarding and emerged including , moveable type. inexpensive: you can personalize , and tablets for your piece in countless ways, take recording business transactions, Bookbinding This printing and ownership of your own creation, religious scribes, philosophical typographic system provides make your voice heard and share concepts, navigational maps, allows moveable, metal your message! astronomical and scientific structure components to efficiently documentation, court records, reproduce and print parts for creative The act of ideas, and much more. of a , like letters imagery, or literature is rewarding expression and and punctuation marks. for many artists, musicians, writers The need to gather and share His invention has changed and designers. However, anyone multiple pieces of information acts as a means history and since paved the at home can create and produce proceeded to the development way for mass publication to transform printed works with a little bit of the book, and when producing and communication. creative content of knowledge, patience and a books by hand became too time creative mind! This zine will guide consuming, the need for a faster into printed you through the ins and outs of and more efficient means of bookbinding with simple tips, publication and distribution led matter. ideas, exercises, information and to the invention of the printing a step-by-step guide with other press which brought us mass crafty suggestions for creating production of the printed book. your own book.

- 4 - - 5 - Power of the Written Word NOZONE IX EMPIRE by Nicholas Blechman, Naomi Mizusaki, Knowledge is power, and the written word is even more powerful Stefan Sagmeister than some may think. There are many books that have led radical and (image on right) political movements, spread awareness, and spoken the truth. Books are important to schools, communities and activist groups because we can Through graphic learn from them and grow stronger as a collective. and comics, artists, designers, photographers, illustrators, and Here are a few examples of radical justice in the form of print and why writers question society and each bookbinding style and technique is effective for the given project: power politics. bind: portable, React Manual for Amnesty durable for high page counts.. International by Tom Sieu, John Givens (image below)

This manual acts as a guide for activists by encouraging teens and young adults to take a stand against oppression and repression in the government. Hardcover: meant for durability. Coil Bind: can withstand many page turns, is useful as Lexicon Series for the a workbook/notepad since it Institute for Anarchist Studies 2/15: The Day the World Said No allows you to write and navigate (image above) to War by Connie Koch between pages with ease. (iMAGEs above & on left) This small-sized pamphlet series aims to use the power of the A hardcover collection of full- written word as political tools by bleed photographs commemorate defining key terms and phrases. the day when over thirty million Saddle stitch or fold: effective demonstrators gathered to protest for short publications, easy to against the violence and war in assemble and hand out, and Iraq in 2003. inexpensive to print. Horizontal: to effectively display landscape images that can span two pages when opened.. Hardcover tape bind: for durability and to preserve the high quality print of the photographs as a display piece.

- 6 - - 7 - Anatomy of the book & basic terms

COVERS/BOARDS SIGNATURES TEXT BLOCK

TEXT BLOCK COVERS/BOARDS END PAPERS

head

SPINE

SPREAD

JOINT Tail FUN FACT: When you fold several sheets of paper into a Head: top edge of the book Endsheets/: papers Spread: 2 facing pages of a book signature or a zine, you will at the front and or back of the notice that the middle pages Tail: bottom edge of the book volume, often used for decorative Landscape: when paper/volume stick out. This is called a fore purposes, which can be glued to is in a horizontal orientation edge creep. Try it yourself: Spine: where pages are bound the covers as well gather 10 or more pieces of Portrait: when paper/volume is in paper into a booklet, folded Joint/Hinge: where the corners Folio: a single piece of paper a vertical orientation down in half. You will notice connect with the spine to allow folded once the inner pages bulge out on the book to open the side. Trimming the excess Signature: several nested paper length with a sharp Text block: the inside pages or a then sewn together to form the landscape portrait blade or guillotine cutter can group of pages text block easily solve this. Keep this in mind when deciding cover sizes since the creep adds width to the signature and text block.

- 8 - - 9 - Bookbinding systems Thermal and Glue Stitch and Sew i.e. Tape, Perfect Binding i.e. Saddle Wire/Stitch, Chain Stitch

Perfect binding holds the book A saddle wire or saddle stitch is a Coptic stitch (also known as together by the spine of the book metal stitch such as a that chain stitch) is extremely flexible with a glued strip of material. is punched through the centerfold since it consists of an open spine This method can be carried out of a single signature– for instance, and multiple signatures bound mechanically (with a machine), or a magazine. with individual boards as covers, manually (by hand). instead of a wrap around cover.

Punch and Bind i.e. Fan Book, Studs, Rings, coil PERFECT BIND

A fan book is held together by one pivot point from a screw, ring, or stud, and opens out like a fan.

Binding studs have a similar use to screws and also have covers over the back of the screw.

Binder rings allow you to gather FANBOOK saddle stitch coptic binding any size and or weight of papers together to form an almost keychain-like book. TIP: Perfect binding works best TIP: Books bound by saddle wire TIP: You can replace thread for binding books with at least lie flat when open, so remember with ribbon for a more elegant Coil binding is the most 30 pages, otherwise the glue will to keep the number of pages stylistic approach. economical method for short-run leak with too few pages. under 24. publications. A spiral cord joins loose-leaf pages, single and or multiple signature folds together Hardcover or paperback? and also lies flat when open. Practice folding Depending on whether you want your book to be durable and or & binding on formal, choosing hard covers can work effectively with the nature of your piece. You can cut out pieces of board as covers – they scrap papers can be found at many art stores. before you work on your final.

- 10 - - 11 - PAPER SELECTION Handling Paper

Paper comes in hundreds of different sizes, weights, shapes, textures, thicknesses, colours, and can be made from many different materials. To get a precise, creaseless, Your options are endless when it comes to choosing what kind of paper to use for your piece. and neat fold, try using a bone folder – a flat, smooth Common Terms Common Paper SizeS tool – to score your paper. Cover stock i.e. Card stock: The chart below illustrates the a type of thick paper that comes most common ratios Caring for your printed works is important for in many weights that is more defined by international standards. preservation since some kinds of paper may fall apart durable than regular paper, such This is a sample of the A series from over handling and or begin to yellow over time, as Bristol board, and can be used paper sizes. especially newsprint. When storing your projects, as a flexible, paperback cover keep them in a cool, dry place – preferably an acid- A0 free archival box. Avoid using rubber bands and clips, Matte: without shine as they can permanently damage the quality of the A6 A6 paper and leave unwanted dents and marks. Glossy: shiny and smooth A4 A5 A2 Paper cutters are more efficient than scissors when Bleed: printing method that prints cutting stacks of paper because they are more t ml a pe r _s i zes_ uk .h to edge of page

uk /p accurate and produce cleaner, more precise cuts . co . with the help of the built-in ruler. There are two A3 types: the guillotine, which is one large blade that TIP: Ensure that the chops paper, and the sliding/rotating blade that

paper product you ca s t lep rint slices paper. The first is used for thick, heavyweight purchase specifies that volumes and boards, and the latter for trimming it is made from as much thinner volumes. PCW (post-consumer h tt p://www. material) as possible to FUN FACT help reduce the use of A1 landfill and to support Bone folders were originally TIP: Help save and the markets for local made from whalebone, but preserve forests recycling collection nowadays are made from by purchasing systems. Check the label cow bone or plastic. You can paper products on your paper product substitute a bone folder with a that have logos from FSC (Forest for the indication. Letter: 8.5” x 11” A0: 33.1”X 46.8” wooden spoon. Stewardship Council) and SFI Legal: 8.5” x 14” A2: 16.5”X 23.4” (Sustainable Initiative). Tabloid: 11” x 17” A3: 11.7”X 16.5” Tabloid Extra: A4: 8.3” x 11.7” 12” x 18” A5: 5.8” X 8.3” A6: 4.1” X 5.8”

- 12 - - 13 - TYPES OF PAPER

Patterend & Textured Paper Recycled Newsprint Paper with various textures Made from plasticized , this Recycled paper is not only Newsprint is the cheapest type and repeating patterns such as translucent paper is often used eco-friendly, it’s also commonly of paper because it is made to be Japanese papers (Washi, Yuzen) for architectural sketching such celebrated for its variety of grainy used for pieces with a short life can add ornamental beauty to as blueprints. Nonetheless, you textures. It give off a grungy and span such as . your project. can still use it to print on multiple organic look, depending on the sheets for a unique layering effect. theme of your project.

FUN FACT PAPER FOLDING TECHNIQUES TIP: To create a longer spread, you can glue two Vellum was the primary These simple paper folding methods are just a few out of many that or more accordion folds material for writing and you can try out for your book. Other more complex techniques can together. printing on during the include pop-up figures, shapely and diagonal folding and much more. middle agesand was prepared by cleaning, stretching, bleaching, and drying mammal skin. Following into the fifth century and onwards, Western books were bound with hard covers made of leather and would be clasped shut with a strap because the vellum Accordion Fold Multiple Signatures French Fold would swell dramatically An accordian fold resembles A signature consists of many This method is created by from humidity. When an accordion where paper groups of pages that are folded folding an individual page paper production further is folded into a zig-zag and nested down the middle. in half and binding it at the developed and bookbinding formation with parallel folds They are usually attached by open edges instead of the craftsmen began to use facing the opposite direction. stitching or thread, and can crease, and is used to avoid paper made from wood be found in most hardcover double-sided printing. pulp, the use of straps was bound books. no longer necessary.

- 14 - - 15 - Cover ideas Upcycled & / Cover Upcycling is when you transform waste materials or products into These are just a few ideas of how to create a cover for your book. something new. You can cut out magazine or clippings, Covers can tell you a lot about a book, so keep this in mind when you recycle old pages from a book, re-use labels, , packaging, are creating yours. The options are endless! stickers, fabric, or create a collage by pasting these objects onto your cover. There are no limits so try anything and everything! Photographic, Illustrative, Typographic You can effectively use photos or your own drawings, , and TIP: For other smaller objects sketches as a cover, or even use typographic elements (text-based). such as buttons, use a hot

p:// d es i g n sp irationh tt p:// d es i g n sp irationh tt p:// d es i g n sp irationh tt glue gun, or even try and stitching with a needle and thread. For collage art, medium works well because it is an all-in-one . . .

n e t / i m a n e t / i m a n e t / i m a adhesive and sealing glue. Bigger and heavier materials

ge/654421932001/ ge/3769699347533/ ge/73721747510/ require thick craft glue.

Stencil Cover Stenciling is a highly efficient technique for reproducing copies of work- you can cut your own stencils of an image and or text and spray paint or silkscreen your covers this way. Look for our zine on stenciling for more information. t ml ve r s.h

TIP: Paste papers using - co TIP: You can use aerosol spray rubber cement for damage- paints or regular acrylic or poster free removal and high quality paints to create your stencils. Use finishing. Because rubber ook o l d -b c l in g- a ppy t e nci l-h id e a s/4239772-s a craft blade for precise cuts of cement is not water-based, it u p c y

- the stencils and ensure the blade will not cause paper to wrinkle,

id e a is not dulled. swell, or shrink. However, o gs/s t e nci l- di y- rubber cement will damage - m/bl co photographs and paper over a . e d _ arti s t / m/mm d /fe atur co

long period of time because it is . not made for archiving. ad m/2012/04/f un co . ypep t a l d es i g n s tudio y ro h tt p://p ink z innia s. u l i p h tt p://www.m h tt p://www.

- 16 - - 17 - Planning ahead

CHOOSING A BOOKBINDING STYLE START BINDING STUDS Different book structures and Do the pages Does it need to folding techniques can enhance need to lie no be lightweight no and help structure the message flat when the for mailing? of your story, so be thoughtful book is open? in your decision! Through many SEWING & trials and personal modifications, STITCH BIND you will soon find the method yes and style that suits your work the yes most. Let the binding style adapt there are elaborate to your particular project. sewing techniques that you can use this flow chart to help Do you need experiment with you choose a binding style for more than 24 ACCORDION PERFECT other than coptic your project: pages? FOLD BIND such as four-hole japanese binding.

accordion folds you can use perfect no yes can be done for binding with a hand-outs, flyers, hardcover or brochures, and paperback, and can pamphlets. use signatures or SADDLE french folds. STITCH

BINDER COPTIC RINGS STITCH BIND Consider and reflect on why Saddle stitch binding is you’re creating this piece and great for mass production how the theme, content, style and COIL BIND subject matter will affect viewers.

- 18 - - 19 - Worksheet

PROJECT MANAGEMENT

It’s important to carefully plan in advance what type of book is relevant and appropriate to your project’s needs.

Project : My goals: Bookbinding system: What is the purpose of my project? NOTES

Due date:

Paper folding technique(s):

Budget: $ – $

Intended audience: WHO WILL BE my BOOK?

Approx.

List of materials Cost

$

$ Page count: $ $ SKETCHES $ $ $ $ $ $

TOTAL COST: $

- 20 - - 21 - Step-by-step guide firmly run the folder up and down until there is a clear crease. SADDLE STITCH TIP: Practice on a few scrap SEE page 12 to This typographic zine is 8.5” X 11”, or letter size. Make papers to get read about sure there are no bleeds because printers will always used to using a bleeds and leave a white border around the edges. To create bone folder. other terms. bleeds, you need to make crop marks to trim the after printing. This zine consists of 3 double sided spreads. Including the two covers, there are 12 pages in total.

Front side TIP: Make sure the overal page back Front 9 2 7 4 count of your cover cover zine is divisible 2) Collect all the pages together and clip one open TIP: Collecting by 4 otherwise edge, making sure the pages are straight. the pages the booklet together into Reverse won’t work! a booklet is also called a Check out The signature. public’s zine on 1 10 3 8 5 6

zines for more SEE page 8 and information on 9 for more printing spreads explanations and setting up and diagrams of Follow this diagram to place your pages in order 3) If you do not have access to a long-edged . terms. before printing. stapler, fold over one side of the zine in half without creasing into a full fold and insert into the stapler. TIP: Make Materials & Tools: Then, staple down the spine near the top and the sure that you • Bone folder bottom of the zine. staple with the • Stapler booklet open • Metal edged ruler facing down • Bulldog clips so the smooth • Utility knife side of the • Letter size papers staple is visible. Steps: 1) After printing your zine, measure and fold each page down the middle with a bone folder and ruler. To use the bone folder, hold down the ruler and

- 22 - - 23 - SEE page 9 to 5) Close the book and then with a ruler and utility 3) Once printed, measure and mark down 4.25” TIP: For single read about FORE knife, trim the edges if they are uneven or if there is a panels and score the folding lines with the bone projects that EDGE CREEP. fore edge creep. folder and ruler and proceed to fold in the creases. involve one book, always Hardcover Accordion Fold print at least one more copy in TIP: If you The pamphlet is the same dimension of a tabloid case you make cannot print piece of paper, 11” X 17”, if it were folded in half a mistake, for double sided, horizontally. There are 4 panels; each are 4.25” in instance cutting you can always width and 5.5” in length.. the wrong side or damaging the neatly paste 2 17” papers together paper during the back to back. binding process. back Front 5 6 Front side cover cover

11”

1 2 3 4 4) Close the booklet and trim the excess edges with Reverse 4.25” a utility knife and ruler.

Materials & Tools: • Bone folder • Metal edged ruler • Bulldog clips • Utility knife • Rubber cement • Hard board or illustration board • Tabloid paper

Steps: SEE page 30 to 1) Before printing your project, decide whether you learn more about would like it to be viewed as one long spread, or as other folding a booklet, and design your piece to that format. For 5) Cut out the covers. Then, measure the dimensions techniques for example, panels 1, 2, and 3, 4 open together. The first of a panel and trace a box on the illustration board pamphlets. and last panels are the front and back covers, so keep and cut out. Do this twice for the front and back those blank for the hard boards. You will need to cover. Because of the thickness of illustration board, print the front and back covers separately so you can you will need to make multiple cuts. cut and glue them to the hardboards as well as onto the brochure.

- 24 - - 25 - Hardcover FANBOOK WITH STUd

The dimensions of this fanbook is 2” X 6” and consists of two . The screw post comes in 2 pieces and is 0.5” in length.

Materials & Tools: • Binding stud • Metal edged ruler • Bulldog clips • Utility knife • Rubber Cement • Letter size cardstock • Hole puncher 6) Apply the glue on the back of the cover and on the cover panels. Let the glue to air dry for 10 seconds until Steps: tacky, and then assemble the covers. 1) Cut out the front and back covers with a utility TIP: Use crop knife and ruler. marks to indicate TIP: When 7) Lastly, attach the covers to the brochure by glueing where to make pasting, place once again. You’re done! cuts around an a scrap piece image. They of paper look like this: underneath so that you don’t get glue on the table or on your next pasting job.

- 26 - - 27 - TIP:Take your 2) Paste the covers onto the illustration board– with time when the same technique as mentioned in the previous measuring. – then cut out the covers using the utility Always measure knife and ruler, with the cover as a guide. twice and cut once to avoid mistakes.

5) Because illustration board is so thick, you will TIP: Safety need to cut out a square with a utility knife instead first! Always cut of placing in the hole puncher. Make a mark with a in a direction pencil to specify the hole size, then create the hole. away from your body, not TIP: Keep your 3) For the content pages, clip a thick stack of the towards. work station cardstock together with the cover as a guide, and cut clean and tidy, them out for the inner pages. You may need to do spilled glue can this several times to have enough paper to stack up ruin your piece! to a width of 0.5”

6) Finally, line up the book to the hole and screw Binding supplies in the stud. Adjust the page count by adding or can be found at removing pages if it does not fit the stud. many art stores. see page 33 for a list of shops.

4) To make holes, line up a thin stack of the inner pages and punch using an office hole puncher. You will need to separate the entire stack if it does not fit in the hole puncher.

- 28 - - 29 - Additional paper LAST WORDS folding techniques You have the power to Try some of these alternative olding techniques for brochures and other handouts. Spread the word against racism, gender inequality, sexism, generate your own work, and and other forms of oppression through printed matter! if you make a mistake, it’s ok! Allow your book and vision to evolve and transform, because there is no right or wrong way – there is only your way, and if it works for 4-pg 6-pg letter 6-pg accordion 8-pg parallel you, then it works.

So have fun, get hands-on experience, share your work, and spread your message 8-pg roll 8-pg french 8-pg map 8-pg accordion for social justice and empowerment!

10-pg accordion 10-pg parallel 10-pg roll 12-pg signature t ml ca /2012_01_01_ arc h i ve.h . o gsp ot

12- pg broadsheet 16-pg broadsheet gatefold closed gatefold h tt p:// c helse aj e r em ia h.bl

- 30 - - 31 - What’s out there

MATERIALS, TOOLS, EQUIPMENT WORKSHOPS Prices for registration range from You can purchase bookbinding as well as arts For upcoming workshops and $45-$65 online at and craft necessities from most art supply registration, check online or call in thepaperplace.ca/workshops.php stores in your area. Simple bookbinding at art schools, community centres, Follow their blog for more crafty methods such as coil binding and perfect and art galleries in your area. how-to’s: binding can easily be done at any printing, Additionally, some paper and arts thepaperplace.ca.wp shipping offices, and office stores, for and crafts stores offer workshops • ARTiculations is an art store in example, FedEx, Staples, The Printing House and classes as well. Keep in mind downtown Toronto that not only etc. You can also shop and order supplies prices vary (some are free, some provide art supplies, but also offers and tools online and in person at the are not) and some courses require hands-on workshops. Prices vary. following retailers: early registration. View their workshops and courses calender to register: • Michael’s Crafts michaels.com In Canada articulations.ca/workshops- • The Paper Web artpaper.com • Michael’s art stores hold creative courses/ • Pearl Arts and Crafts pearlpaint.com classes in store from fine arts • Xpace Cultural Centre hosts • Rag and Bone Bindery ragandbone.com to culinary arts. For more mostly free art workshops, panel • The Paper Place thepaperplace.ca information, visit discussions, screenings and more. • Curry’s Art Store currys.com canada.michaels.com Current and upcoming events can be viewed at In Toronto xpace.info/events/ PRINTING SERVICES • OCAD University in downtown Toronto offers free bookbinding In Vancouver • Fedex fedex.com workshops with demonstrations. • Opus Art Supplies online is a • The Printing House tph.ca Check their website for great resource for videos and • Staples staples.ca registration and upcoming classes articles on their site on how- ocadustudentpress.com to’s and demonstrations, as • The Paper Place located on well as community workshops Queen St. W also offer workshops and classes on location around for bookbinding as well as other Vancouver. Register at artistic techniques such as image opusartsupplies.com/how/ transferring and pop-up cards. workshops-classes

- 32 - - 33 - Selected resources

BOOKS look for them in your local public !

• Indie Publishing: How to Design & Produce Your Own Book edited by Ellen Lupton • Bookcraft: Techniques for Binding, Folding, & Decorating to Create Books and More by Heather Weston • Bookbinding: Its Background & Technique by Edith Diehl • Japanese Bookbinding: Instructions from a Master Crafstman by Kojiro Ikegami • Re-Bound: Creating Handmade Books from Recycled & Repurposed Materials by Jeanine Stein • Basic Bookbinding by Arthur Williams Lewis • Non-Adhesive Binding Books without Paste or Glue by Keith A Smith • Craft of Bookbinding by Manly Bannister

Online tutorials & Inspiration • youtube.com/sealemondiy • behance.net • etsy.com • designinspiration.net

VIDEOS INFORMATIONAL VIDEOS on BOOKBINDING and more:

• The Machine that Made Us narrated by Stephen Fry: documentarystorm.com/the-machine-that- made-us/ • Bookbinding by Simon Goode at the Centre of Book Arts: vimeo.com/56828989

- 34 - - 35 -