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Hypochaeris L Hoehnea 32(3): 361-368, 1 tab., 23 fig., 2005 Tres hibridos naturais no genero Hypochaeris L. (Asteraceae) no SuI do Brasil 1 Cristiane Freitas Azevedo-Gonc;:alveS ,3 e Nelson Ivo Matzenbache~ Recebido: 08.07.2004; aceito: 22.08.2005 ABSTRACT - (Three natural hybrids ofthe genus Hypochaeris L. (Asteraceae) from Southern Brazil). The purpose ofthis study is to recognize Hypochaeris microcephala (Sch. Bip.) Cabr. var. microcephala as a hybrid (H. x microcephala). Two other hybrids were found during the fieldworks for the taxonomic treatment ofHypochaeris in the Rio Grande do SuI State and are also described herein as H. x con/usa (H. albiflora (0. Kuntze) c.F. Azevedo-Gonyalves & Matzenbacher x H. megapotamica Cabr.) and H. x dolosa (H. chillensis (Kunth) Hieron. x H. megapotamica Cabr.). These hybrids and theirs parentals were found side by side in the same localities. They were classified as hybrids due the weakly developed fruits and due the presence ofsome intermediate morphological characters. Key words: Asteraceae, Brazil, hybrids, Hypochaeris RESUMO - (Tres hibridos naturais no genero Hypochaeris L. (Asteraceae) no SuI do Brasil). 0 objetivo deste estudo e reconhecer H. microcephala (Sch. Bip.) Cabr. var. microcephala como sendo urn hibrido (H. x microcephala). Outros dois hibridos, encontrados durante os trabalhos de revisao do genero Hypochaeris para 0 Rio Grande do Sui, tambem sao descritos como H. x con/usa (H. albiflora (0. Kuntze) c.P. Azevedo-Gonyalves & Matzenbacher x H. megapotamica Cabr.) e H. x dolosa (H. chillensis (Kunth) Hieron. x H. megapotamica Cabr.). Os hibridos, como as especies parentais, foram encontrados lado a lado nas mesmas localidades. Eles foram classificados como hibridos devido a presenya de frutos atrofiados e devido a algumas caracteristicas morfol6gicas intermediarias. Palavras-chave: Asteraceae, Brasil, hibridos, Hypochaeris Introdu~ao o genero Hypochaeris e representado na America do Sui por cerca de 50-100 especies (Bortiri Numerosos estudos citam a ocorrencia de hibridos 1999, Lack 1979 apud Ruas et al. 1995). Este genero naturais em diversas familias botanicas (Briggs & e considerado, pelos sinanterologistas, urn dos mais Walters 1997, De La Sota & Pazos 200I, Gobert et at. dificeis de serem identificados por apresentar urn 2002, Mamede 1990, Stuessy 1990, Wendt et al. 200 I). grande poliformismo (Cabrera 1963, Wulff 1992). De Wendt et al. (200 I) afirmam que os hibridos sao acordo com Cabrera (1963, 1976), as caracteristicas comuns em populac;:oes pr6ximas e que 0 isolamento importantes para a identificac;:ao taxonomica das geognifico e ecol6gico entre especies tern diminuido especies de Hypochaeris sao apenas 0 tamanho do devido a facilidade de acesso provocada pela ac;:ao do capitulo, ramificac;:ao do caule, comprimento das ligulas ser humano. A hibridac;:ao tern sido considerada e presenc;:a ou ausencia do rostro. importante na evoluc;:ao das plantas por representar Wulff(1992) apresentou uma analise do cari6tipo, uma possibilidade de recombinac;:ao genetica, ou seja, da viabilidade polinica e da morfologia extema de tres pode originar uma nova linhagem evolutiva (Stebbins especies de Hypochaeris (H. chillensis (Humb., 1959 apud Wendt et al. 2001). Urn hibrido natural Bompl. & Kunth) Hieron., H. microcephala (Sch. pode, muitas vezes, ser confundido com uma especie Bip.) Cabr. var. albiflora (0. Kuntze) Cabr. e H. nova ou uma variedade (Stuessy 1990). Na familia megapotamica Cabr.), comparando-as com dois Asteraceae, a hibridac;:ao tambern foi abordada em hibridos naturais (H. chillensis x H. microcephala alguns trabalhos (Briggs & Walters 1997, Rieseberg var. albiflora e H. chillensis x H. megapotamica). et al. 1990, Stuessy 1990, Wulff 1992). Os taxons e os hibridos sao citologicamente muito I. Rua Barao do Rio Branco, 27, 46930-000 Palmeiras, BA, Brasil 2. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sui, Instituto de Biociencias, Departamento de Botanica, Avenida Bento Gon9alves, 9500, 90049-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil 3. Autor para correspondencia: [email protected] 362 Hoehnea 32(3), 2005 similares. Os hibridos apresentaram uma baixa denteada ou pinatisecta, 2-6 cm compr., 0,1-0,3 cm produ9ao de sementes e baixa viabilidade polinica. 0 diam. no apice, 3-3,5 cm larg. e 0,2-0,5 cm na base. autor relacionou a grande variabilidade de H. chillensis Folhas caulinares situadas nas bifurca90es da haste com possiveis fenomenos de introgressao com as outras floral, alternas, sesseis, oblongo-Ianceoladas, apice duas especies (H. megapotamica e H. microcephala agudo e base atenuada, com margens inteiras ou mais var. albiflora). frequentemente denteadas ou partidas, glabras ou Hypochaeris microcephala var. albiflora foi pilosas, 10-17 cm compr., 1-3 cm diam. Haste floral elevado recentemente a categoria de especie delgada ou espessa, maci9a, ereta, glabra ou com (Azevedo-Gon9alves & Matzenbacher 2005). No tricomas. Ramifica9ao desde a base ou so no apice, presente artigo, urn hibrido e reconhecido como sendo, 1-2 na base e 2-6 no apice, entre 6-13 cm compr.; na verdade, 0 taxon previamente descrito como pedunculo glabro ou hirsuto, ramos de 1a ordem 5-8 cm Hypochaeris microcephala (Sch. Bip.) Cabr. var. compr. e de 2a ordem 10-13 em compr. Cima microcephala. Durante os trabalhos de revisao do corimbiforme, involucro cilindrico, 10,4-12,4 mm genero Hypochaeris para 0 Rio Grande do SuI, mais compr., 3-4,2 mm diam. na base, 6-7 mm no apice na dois hibridos foram encontrados e sao descritos flora9ao; 11-14 mm compr., 10-12 mm diam. no apice (H. albiflora (0. Kuntze) Azevedo-Gon9alves & e 3,8-4 mm na base na frutifica9ao. Bracteas Matzenbacher x H. megapotamica e H. chillensis x involucrais imbricadas, 5-6 series desiguais, verde ou H. megapotamica). verde-enegrecidas no centro, linear-Ianceoladas, apice arredondado, margem lanuginosa, hirsuta ou glabra Material e metodos no dorso; externas 2-2,6 mm compr. na flor e 2,4-2,8 mm compr. no fruto; medianas 5-5,5 mm As coletas de especimes com flores e frutos compr. na flor e 4,8-5,2 mm compr. no fruto; internas foram realizadas em todas as localidades onde eles 8,6-10,4 mm compr. na flor e 12-12,8 mm compr. no se encontravam, juntamente com os seus parentais. fruto. Flores liguladas nao ultrapassando as bracteas Dados sobre as plantas, como dados de flora9ao e involucrais, 6-6,5 mm compr.; ligulas amarelo-claras, frutifica9ao, data e local, foram anotados. 3-3,5 mm compr.; receptaculo com paleas hialinas, Levantamentos bibliograficos foram realizados. lineares, 12-15 mm compr., com cirro 2-3 mm compr.; Consultas foram feitas em herbarios do Rio Grande cipselas normalmente atrofiadas, se presentes do SuI e de outros Estados do Brasil (BHCB, CESJ, fusiformes, gIabras, enrugadas transversalmente, CRI, ESA, ESAL, HAS, HASU, HUCS, HUFU, castanho-escuras, 10-12 mm compr.; rostro filiforme, HURG, HUI, HRCB, lAC, ICN, MPUC, PACA, PEL, presente nas flores do disco e do raio, 6,0-7,0 mm R, RB, RSPF, SJRP, SMDB, SP, SPF, PMSP). Os compr.; papus unisseriado, colora9ao castanho a hibridos foram descritos e ilustrados utilizando as branco, 5,0-8,0 mm compr. tecnicas usuais em taxonomia. Habitat: ambientes ruderais. No Brasil, este hibrido foi encontrado apenas no Resultados e Discussao Rio Grande do SuI, onde ocorre nas seguintes regioes I. Hypochaeris x microcephala (Sch. Bip.) C.F. fisiograficas: LitoraI, Missoes, Campanha, Depressao Azevedo-Gon9alves & Matzenbacher, nothosp. et Central e Encosta do Nordeste. Alem do Brasil, foi stat. nov. encontrado naArgentina, Paraguai e Uruguai (Bortiri Figuras 1-8 1999, Cabrera 1974, Cabrera et al. 2000, Wulff 1992). Coletada em flor e fruto nos meses de setembro, Achyrophorus microcephalus Sch. Bip., Pollichia: outubro e novembro. 59, 1859. Hypochaeris microcephala (Sch. Bip.) Este hibrido e facilmente confundido com Cabr., Notas del Museo de La Plata, T. 2: 201,1937. Hypochaeris chillensis ou com H. albiflora quando Tipo: BRASIL. RIo GRANDE DO SUL: Rio Pardo, X a herborizado. Wulff (1992) refere a existencia de XI-1823 Sellow s.n. (Holotipo P). hibridos entre H. chillensis e H. albiflora, sem Ervas perenes, 16-28 em alt., glabras, hirtas, descreve-Ios formal mente e sem reconhece-Ios como hispidas ou hirsutas. Raiz pivotante, profunda. Folhas sendo H. microcephala var. microcephala. Em basais altemas, rosuladas, membranaceas, oblanceo­ campo, no entanto, H. x microcephala foi sempre ladas, apice agudo, base atenuada e margem inteira, encontrado junto aos parentais (H. chillensis e H. C.F. Azevedo-Gon~alves & N.!. Matzenbacher: Hibridos naturais em Hypochaeris 363 2 Figuras 1-8. Hypochaeris x microcephala (Sch. Bip) C.F. Azevedo-Gonyalves & Matzenbacher. I. Habito. 2. Ramo florifero. 3. palea. 4. Flor. 5-7. Bracteas involucrais. 8. Capitulo em principio de frutificayao. 364 Hoehnea 32(3), 2005 albiflora). Pode ser caracterizado pela colorayao das 1-1944, B. Rambo s.n. (PACA25730); Sao Leopoldo, ligulas, que mostravam-se intermediarias entre 0 13-XI-1935, A. Bruxel s.n. (PACA29782); Taquara, amarelo de H. chillensis e 0 branco de H. albiflora 7-1X-2002, c.F. Azevedo-Gonr;alves 370 (lCN); (Tabela 1). Alem disto, os frutos sao normalmente Terra de Areia, 21-1X-2002, c.F. Azevedo-Gonr;alves atrofiados. Em uma populayao foi possivel encontrar 196 (TCN); Triunfo, P610 petroquimico, 25-X-1977, individuos com cipselas desenvolvidas, porem nao foi 1. Ungaretti 745 (HAS). possivel obter a germinayao destes frutos. H. x microcephala compartilha com seus parentais 2. Hypochaeris x con/usa C.F. Azevedo-Gonyalves algumas caracteristicas, como a haste floral & Matzenbacher, nothosp. nov. Tipo: BRASIL. RIo ramificada predominantemente no apice, e a presenya GRANDE DO SUL: Terra de Areia, 21-IX-2002, c.F. de folhas caulinares, entre outras. Uma caracteristica Azevedo-Gonr;alves 202 (Hol6tipo ICN; Is6tipo HAS). comum com H. albiflora e 0 inv61ucro do tipo cilindrico. E provavel que este taxon esteja Figura 9-16 participando de um processo ativo de introgressao com Hibrida inter Hypochaeris albiflora (0.
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