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Reports VOLUME 46 January 1 to December 31, 2005 CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS Reports VOLUME 46 January 1 to December 31, 2005 Cooperating Agencies: CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION, NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE CALCOFI COORDINATOR Anne Allen EDITOR Sarah M. Shoffler This report is not copyrighted, except where otherwise indicated, and may be reproduced in other publications provided credit is given to California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations and to the author(s). Inquiries concerning this report should be addressed to CalCOFI Coordinator, 8604 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037-1508. EDITORIAL BOARD Anne Allen Roger Hewitt Elizabeth Venrick Printed and distributed December 2005, La Jolla, California ISSN 0575-3317 CalCOFI Rep., Vol. 46, 2005 CONTENTS In Memoriam Angeles Alvariño . .4 I. Reports, Review, and Publications Report of the CalCOFI Committee . 5 Review of Some California Fisheries for 2004: Coastal Pelagic Finfish, Market Squid, Sea Urchin, Lobster, Spot and Ridgeback Prawn, Groundfish, Highly Migratory Species, Ocean Salmon, Nearshore Live-Fish, Pacific Herring, and Recreational . 10 The State of the California Current, 2004–2005: Still Cool? Ralf Goericke, Elizabeth Venrick, Arnold Mantyla, Steven J. Bograd, Franklin B. Schwing, Adriana Huyer, Robert L. Smith, Patricia A. Wheeler, Rian Hooff, William T. Peterson, Francisco Chavez, Curtis Collins, Baldo Marinovic, Nancy Lo, Gilberto Gaxiola-Castro, Reginaldo Durazo, K. David Hyrenbach, and William J. Sydeman . 32 Publications . 72 II. Symposium of the CalCOFI Conference, 2004 Symposium Introduction: Pacific Sardine: Past, Present, and Future . .73 A History of Proposals for Subpopulation Structure in the Pacific Sardine (Sardinops sagax) Population off Western North America Paul E. Smith . .75 Relationship of California Sardine (Sardinops sagax) Abundance to Climate-Scale Ecological Changes in the California Current System Jerrold G. Norton . .83 Spawning Biomass of Pacific Sardine (Sardinops sagax), from 1994–2004 off California Nancy C. H. Lo, Beverly J. Macewicz, and David A. Griffith . .93 Pacific Sardine (Sardinops sagax) Stock Discrimination off the West Coast of Baja California and Southern California Using Otolith Mophometry Roberto Félix-Uraga, Víctor M. Gómez-Muñoz, Casimiro Quiñónez-Velázquez, Felipe Neri Melo-Barrera, Kevin T. Hill, and Walterio García-Franco . .113 Pacific Sardine (Sardinops sagax) Abundance, Distribution, and Ecological Relationships in the Pacific Northwest Robert L. Emmett, Richard D. Brodeur, Todd W. Miller, Suzan S. Pool, Paul J. Bentley, Gregory K. Krutzikowsky, and Jean McCrae . .122 Distribution and Biology of Pacific Sardines (Sardinops sagax) off British Columbia, Canada Gordon A. McFarlane, Jacob Schweigert, Lesley MacDougall, and Christa Hrabok . .144 Spawner-Recruit Patterns and Investigation of Allee Effect in Pacific Sardine (Sardinops sagax) in the Gulf of California, Mexico Enrique Morales-Bojórquez and Manuelo O. Nevárez-Martínez . .161 Instructions to Authors . 175 CalCOFI Basic Station Plan . inside back cover Indexed in Current Contents. Abstracted in Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts and Oceanic Abstracts. IN MEMORIAM CalCOFI Rep., Vol. 46, 2005 IN MEMORIAM ANGELES ALVARIÑO 1916–2005 CalCOFI Systematist She joined the newly formed Department of Commerce, and Biological Oceanographer Dies National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Classically trained Conti- Fisheries Oceanography Center at La Jolla and remained nental Natural Scientist, Dr. there for the rest of her career, through 1987. Angeles Alvariño, joined the Dr. Alvariño is the author of about 100 scientific pub- renowned SIO team of zoo- lications. She was among a very few global authorities on plankton biogeographers in the predatory zooplankton, including chaetognaths [arrow 1958 to assist in studying the bi- worms], the complex colonial siphonophores [Portu- ological oceanography of the guese Man of War, for example], and hydromedusae great El Niño of 1957–59. This [jelly fish]. Dr. Alvariño described 22 new species from was the first El Niño to be fully these groups and also a pelagic octopus. In the early days described by the California of collaborative work of NOAA with faculty and stu- Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries dents of Hispanic-American University, Angeles Alvariño Investigations (CalCOFI) hydrographic and plankton forged a vital link in imparting scholarly traditions. surveys. While continuing her global interest in the sys- tematics of the zooplankton predators, she joined the Paul E. Smith (Retired) NMFS Fisheries Oceanography Center team led by Dr. Ed Brinton Elbert Ahlstrom, Dr. Reuben Lasker, and Dr. Longhurst in 1970. She redirected her efforts to the applied sci- ence of interpreting ichthyoplankton distribution, abun- dance, and mortality by analysis of the horizontal and vertical distribution of invertebrate planktonic predators in relation to the early life stages of commercially valu- able fishes. Dr. Alvariño’s early education was in El Ferrol, Spain, followed by college in Santiago de Compostela and at the University of Madrid. She interrupted teaching and her work at the Spanish Department of Sea Fisheries to continue advanced studies. Her renowned mentors in oceanography were Sir Frederick Russell of the Plymouth Marine Laboratory in 1953 and Mary Sears of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in 1956. From 1958 Left: Dr. Angeles Alvariño with colleagues at a Sardine/Anchovy Recruitment until 1970, Dr. Alvariño was a research scientist in the Program meeting. (From left Ronald Lynn, Angeles Alvariño, Alex Herman, Marine Life Research Group of Scripps Institution of Robert Owen, Geoffrey Moser, Patricio Bernal, Richard Barber). Oceanography at the University of California San Diego. Right: Dr. Angeles Alvariño delivering a paper at a CalCOFI Meeting. 4 COMMITTEE REPORT CalCOFI Rep., Vol. 46, 2005 Part I REPORTS, REVIEW, AND PUBLICATIONS REPORT OF THE CALCOFI COMMITTEE CALCOFI FIELD SEASON shore and farther north (north of Point Conception) The 2004 CalCOFI field season was highlighted by than previous years. four successful quarterly cruises that included additional projects beyond the existing CalCOFI survey structure. CALCOFI ICHTHYOPLANKTON As was the case in 2003, the spring survey was conducted The 2004 CalCOFI ichthyoplankton database has aboard multiple vessels enabling more extensive cover- been completed and a data report prepared. Interesting age of the Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) spawning range. trends in the data include continuing declines in larval In addition, the SWFSC was able to charter the fishing incidence and abundance of Pacific sardines off south- vessel Frosti to sample adult sardines within the survey ern California (CalCOFI lines 77–93); incidence peaked region with guidance from the NOAA ship David Starr in 1998 and abundance in 1999, and by 2004 both had Jordan and the R/V New Horizon from SIO. The F/V declined to their lowest level since 1984. Although the Frosti completed nineteen surface trawls in which four- winter and spring surveys indicated increased incidence teen were positive for adult or juvenile sardine. Aboard and abundance off central California (CalCOFI lines the R/V New Horizon, CalCOFI began a partnership 60–73) from 2003–04, it was not enough to offset the during the April survey with researchers from the LTER decline in the combined areas. Average larval abundance group at SIO. Measurements of trace metals, dissolved of northern anchovy peaked off southern California in and particulate organic carbon, and particulate calcium 1987 and subsequently declined substantially, but at an are now added to the extensive suite of CalCOFI mea- increasingly slower rate in recent years. In 2004 it in- surements. A new project measuring recorded marine creased slightly. Preliminary examination of the winter mammal acoustics, led by Dr. John Hildebrand of GRD and spring 2005 CalCOFI samples suggests that larval and MPL at SIO, also began during the spring survey. anchovy abundance may be higher again this year, which Coastal sea surface temperatures (SST) remained sea- might be interpreted as the beginning of an anchovy sonally average from the beginning of the year through resurgence, although it is too early to know. March of 2004. April displayed positive anomalies of SST in the northern region while the Southern PACOOS California Bight remained within seasonal averages. In Participants of the 2001 CalCOFI Conference recom- May, positive SST anomalies were observed throughout mended the development of a comprehensive observ- most of the coastal areas from the Mexican border up ing system for the entire pelagic ecosystem of the to the Gulf of Alaska. These positive SST anomalies per- California Current, built upon the foundation of the sisted through October with the largest anomalies seen CalCOFI survey program, but expanded to cover the in August at approximately +2.5˚C. Illustrating the ef- entire system by adding new partners. This was a tough fect of these positive anomalies, the usual Baja California time (2001–02) to begin planning such a project since resident, the Humboldt or Jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas), the existence of CalCOFI surveys was threatened and was collected as far north as the Gulf of Alaska. the GLOBEC plankton-based hydrographic surveys in During the March–April survey, both the R/V New Oregon and Washington, an important potential
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