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numer 4 (51) 2012 RADA REDAKCYJNA Janusz W. Adamowski (przewodnicz¹cy), Jane Leftwich Curry (Stany Zjednoczone), Azizbek D¿usepbekow (Kirgistan), Rafa³ Habielski, Jelena Wartanowa (Rosja), Slavomír Magál (S³owacja), Ma³gorzata Marcjanik, Jerzy Olêdzki, Wies³aw Sonczyk, Robert Traba (Niemcy), Andrius Vaišnys (Litwa), János Tischler (Wêgry), Walentyn N. Wandyszew (Ukraina), Wies³aw W³adyka REDAKTOR NACZELNY Marek Jab³onowski ZASTÊPCA REDAKTORA NACZELNEGO Miros³awa Zygmunt REDAKTORZY TEMATYCZNI Tomasz Gackowski (nauki o poznaniu i komunikacji spo³ecznej), Alicja Jaskiernia (polityka medialna Unii Europejskiej), Dominika Rafalska (nauki o mediach), £ukasz Szurmiñski (nauki o polityce), Micha³ Zaremba (prawo) REDAKTOR JÊZYKOWY Dorota Lewandowska-Jaros REDAKTOR STATYSTYCZNY Marcin £¹czyñski PROJEKT GRAFICZNY Stanis³aw Ma³ecki OPRACOWANIE REDAKCYJNE Zespó³ ADRES REDAKCJI „Studia Medioznawcze” Instytut Dziennikarstwa UW 00-927 Warszawa, ul. Nowy Œwiat 69, pok. 214 tel. (22) 55 20 240, e-mail: [email protected] Autorami zdjêæ zamieszczonych w numerze s¹ studenci specjalnoœci Fotografia Prasowa, Reklamowa i Wydawnicza Instytutu Dziennikarstwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego: Anna Bartnicka, Maria Bijak, Marcin D¹bkowski, Marcin Górecki (ok³adka), Izabela Marchwiana i Emil Wittstock. Prace zosta³y przygotowane pod kierunkiem Anny Zapolskiej. © Copyright by Instytut Dziennikarstwa UW, 2012 ISSN 1641-0920 Wydawca, na zlecenie Wydzia³u Dziennikarstwa i Nauk Politycznych UW, Oficyna Wydawnicza ASPRA-JR, Warszawa tel./fax (22) 613 53 03, 602 247 367 Sprzeda¿ i prenumerata: e-mail: [email protected] tel./fax (22) 615 34 21, 602 628 855 Nak³ad 400 egz. Spis treści GRA¯YNA MAJKOWSKA Prof. Halina Sadkiewicz 1928–2012. Wspomnienie . 10 PRAWO PRASOWE WOJCIECH LIS Wolnoœæ prasy i innych œrodków spo³ecznego przekazu jako zasada ustrojowa . 15 PRASA KRZYSZTOF KASZEWSKI Elementy autoprezentacyjne w tekstach informacyjnych dzienników ogólnopolskich . 33 JOLANTA KÊPA-MÊTRAK Gazeta zak³adowa – narodziny, rozwój... i co dalej? Studium przypadku . 51 TELEWIZJA AGATA KARAŒKIEWICZ, MICHA£ LUBAWY Wp³yw pasków informacyjnych na zapamiêtywanie pozosta³ych elementów przekazu telewizyjnego . 69 MAREK MAZUR, ALEKSANDRA KONIECZNY Po co politykom telewizyjne debaty wyborcze? Analiza zawartoœci polskich debat . 82 MEDIA ZA GRANIC¥ ALICJA JASKIERNIA Dziennikarstwo w Stanach Zjednoczonych w epoce cyfrowej – stan dyskusji . .97 TOMASZ FRASZCZYK Od prywatnej do pañstwowej, czyli o pocz¹tkach radiofonii w Grecji . 114 DAMIAN GUZEK System medialny Malty . 132 KRYSTIAN CHO£ASZCZYÑSKI Media masowe a polityka w Zimbabwe . 144 NAUKI O MEDIACH – NOWA DYSCYPLINA WALENTYN N. WANDYSZEW Media w aspekcie informacyjnym i teoretyczno- -poznawczym . 167 SPRAWOZDANIA Z KONFERENCJI MA£GORZATA ADAMIK-SZYSIAK Sprawozdanie z 4. Ogólnopolskiej Konferencji Naukowej „Wspó³czesne media – jêzyk mediów”, Lublin, 18–19 kwietnia 2012 roku . 177 6 ALICJA JASKIERNIA, DOMINIKA WIŒNIEWSKA Sprawozdanie z Miêdzynarodowej Konferencji „Matters of Journalism: Understanding Professional Challenges and Dilemmas“, Gdañsk, 14–15 wrzeœnia 2012 roku . 180 ANNA MI£OSZEWSKA S³uchaæ siebie nawzajem. Sprawozdanie z konferencji naukowej „Pragmatyka 2012: Interdyscyplinarne podejœcia do pragmatyki, retoryki i argumentacji”, £ódŸ, 20–22 wrzeœnia 2012 roku . 184 TOMASZ GACKOWSKI Sprawozdanie z II Europejskiego Forum Nowych Idei 2012, Sopot, 26–28 wrzeœnia 2012 roku . 191 MONIKA SZEWCZYK II Opolski Festiwal Fotografii, Opole, 12–31 paŸdziernika 2012 roku . 197 RECENZJE WIES£AW SONCZYK Tomasz Mielczarek Raport o œmierci polskich gazet . 203 ALICJA JASKIERNIA Wojciech Sokolewicz Prasa i konstytucja . 207 ANDRZEJ ŒWI¥TECKI Inwestycje koncernów na polskim rynku medialnym. Wybrane zagadnienia pod red. Lidii Pokrzyckiej . 210 KAMILA KAMIÑSKA Media wobec œmierci red. Kamila Kwasik, Jan Jaroszyñski, Grzegorz £êcicki . 214 MIKO£AJ TYRCHAN Czasopisma spo³eczno-kulturalne w okresie PRL pod red. Urszuli Jakubowskiej . 218 ANNA MI£OSZEWSKA Maria Barbasiewicz Dobre maniery w przedwojennej Polsce. Savoir-vivre, zasady, gafy . 223 ARTYKU£Y, SPRAWOZDANIA I RECENZJE ZAMIESZCZONE W NUMERACH 1–4 Z 2012 ROKU . 229 Contents GRA¯YNA MAJKOWSKA The Memory of Prof. Halina Satkiewicz 1928–2012 . 10 PRESS LAW WOJCIECH LIS The Freedom of the Press and Other Mass Media as a Constitutional Principle . 15 PRESS KRZYSZTOF KASZEWSKI Elements of Self-Presentation in News Reports in Polish Daily Newspapers . 33 JOLANTA KÊPA-MÊTRAK Corporate Newsletters – Birth, Development… and What Next? Case Study . 51 TELEVISION AGATA KARAŒKIEWICZ, MICHA£ LUBAWY The Influence of News Tickers on Remembering the Remaining Elements of Television Coverage . 69 MAREK MAZUR, ALEKSANDRA KONIECZNY Why do Politicians Need Television Debates? A Content Analysis of Polish Debates . 82 MEDIA ABROAD ALICJA JASKIERNIA Journalism in the United States in the Digital Era – State of Discussion . 97 TOMASZ FRASZCZYK From Private to Public – on the Beginnings of Radio Broadcasting in Greece . 114 DAMIAN GUZEK The Media System of Malta . 132 KRYSTIAN CHO£ASZCZYÑSKI Mass Media and Politics in Zimbabwe . 144 MEDIA STUDIES – A NEW ACADEMIC DISCIPLINE WALENTYN N. WANDYSZEW Media in the Informational and Theoretical- -cognitive Aspects . 167 CONFERENCE REPORTS MA£GORZATA ADAMIK-SZYSIAK Report from the 4th National Academic Conference “Contemporary Media – Language of the Media”, Lublin, 18–19 April 2012 . 177 8 ALICJA JASKIERNIA, DOMINIKA WIŒNIEWSKA Report from the International Conference “Matters of Journalism: Understanding Professional Challenges and Dilemmas”, Gdañsk, 14–15 September 2012 . 180 ANNA MI£OSZEWSKA Listening to Each Other. Report from the Academic Conference “Pragmatics 2012: Interdisciplinary Approach to Pragmatics, Rhetoric and Argumentation”, £ódŸ, 20–22 September 2012 . 184 TOMASZ GACKOWSKI Report from the 2nd European Forum for New Ideas 2012, Sopot, 26–28 September 2012 . 191 MONIKA SZEWCZYK The 2nd Opole Photography Festival, Opole, 12–31 October 2012 . 197 REVIEWS WIES£AW SONCZYK Tomasz Mielczarek Report on the Death of Polish Newspapers . 203 ALICJA JASKIERNIA Wojciech Sokolewicz The Press and the Constitution . 207 ANDRZEJ ŒWI¥TECKI The Investments of Consortium in the Polish Media Market. Selected Aspects ed. by Lidia Pokrzycka . 210 KAMILA KAMIÑSKA The Media towards Death ed. by Kamila Kwasik, Jan Jaroszyñski, Grzegorz £êcicki . 214 MIKO£AJ TYRCHAN Socio-cultural Periodicals during the People’s Republic of Poland (PRL) ed. by Urszula Jakubowska . 218 ANNA MI£OSZEWSKA Maria Barbasiewicz Good Manners in Pre-war Poland. Savoir-vivre, Rules, Gaffes . 223 CONTENTS – 2012 . 236 Prof. Halina Satkiewicz Prof. Halina Satkiewicz 1928–2012 Wspomnienie mia³a znaleŸæ najtrafniejsze s³owa, szuka³a ich i znajdowa³a, pisz¹c rozprawy naukowe, Uteksty popularyzuj¹ce wiedzê o polszczyŸnie, ale i te, w których omawia³a dorobek in- nych; z równym pietyzmem traktowa³a recenzje prac swoich magistrantów i doktorantów, jak i wnioski habilitacyjne i naukowe opinie. Tak samo z najwiêkszym szacunkiem dla s³owa i ad- resata traktowa³a krótkie listy, które zostawia³a swoim pracownikom na biurku, pisane staran- nym, kaligraficznym pismem. ¯ycioczytanie – tak mog³aby powiedzieæ o swojej piêknej i niedocenionej codziennoœci ta wytrawna i niedoœcigniona stylistka, poprawiaj¹ca chropawe teksty (tak¿e swoich kolegów jê- zykoznawców…). I nadaj¹ca im kszta³t, z którego dumni byli póŸniej, ogl¹daj¹cy je ju¿ w druku, terminuj¹cy u niej autorzy. A terminowa³o wielu znanych dziœ jêzykoznawców i dziennikarzy. Mia³a najwiêkszy dar dobrego pedagoga, Jej uczniowie wynosili ze spotkañ z prof. Satkie- wicz wzmocnion¹ wiarê we w³asne mo¿liwoœci. Jej studenci, wspó³pracownicy z Polonistyki czy Instytutu Dziennikarstwa pozostawali pod urokiem Jej naturalnoœci, subtelnego poczucia humoru, osobistej kultury, której by³a wzorem, umiejêtnoœci prowadzenia niespiesznej, spo- kojnej i g³êbokiej rozmowy o jêzyku, ale i o ¿yciu. Prof. Satkiewicz by³a uczon¹ o niezwyk³ej skromnoœci, ³¹cz¹c¹ zainteresowania wieloma dziedzinami jêzykoznawstwa z dzia³alnoœci¹ popularyzuj¹c¹ poprawne, sprawne i estetyczne pos³ugiwanie siê polszczyzn¹ w nauce, szkole i urzêdzie, mediach i codziennej egzystencji. Zaczyna³a od zainteresowañ dialektologicznych, z tej dziedziny napisa³a pracê magister- sk¹ u prof. Witolda Doroszewskiego, za którego uczennicê, potem wspó³pracowniczkê i kon- tynuatorkê jego myœli naukowej, uwa¿a³a siê zawsze. Wiele lat póŸniej otrzyma nagrodê jego imienia. Nastêpnie Jej badania naukowe koncentruj¹ siê na s³owotwórstwie i fleksji, Jej pra- ca dotycz¹ca produktywnoœci typów s³owotwórczych, bardzo czêsto cytowana, wyznacza na d³ugo swego rodzaju wzorzec dla póŸniejszych badañ z tego zakresu. Jej zainteresowania i pasja badawcza maj¹ od pocz¹tku wyraŸny zwi¹zek z pragmatyk¹, a zw³aszcza z problemem uwarunkowañ i zwi¹zków normy i uzusu. Jako wspó³autorka (z Da- nut¹ Buttler i Halin¹ Kurkowsk¹) dwutomowej monografii Kultura jêzyka polskiego staje siê niekwestionowanym autorytetem w badaniach normatywnych, jest cenionym, wnikliwym ob- serwatorem podstawowych tendencji rozwojowych polszczyzny ogólnej, ale i tej kszta³towa- nej przez media tamtego czasu. Od pocz¹tku swojej pracy naukowej prof. Halina Satkiewicz zwi¹zana jest z badaniem jêzyka mediów: pocz¹tkowo jako asystent w Zak³adzie Stylistyki i Kultury Jêzyka na Wydziale Dzienni- karstwa, a potem jako niedoœcig³y jego kierownik inicjuj¹cy badania jêzykowej œwiadomoœci dziennikarzy. Zainteresowaniom tym pozostanie wierna do koñca swojej pracy w Instytucie. Urodzona w 1928 r.
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    Wildlife conservation in Zambia and the Landsafe Customary Commons by I. P. A. Manning Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Wildlife Management) The Centre for Wildlife Management Faculty of Natural & Agricultural Sciences University of Pretoria Pretoria Supervisor: Professor Wouter van Hoven February 2011 © University of Pretoria 3 Declaration: I, Ian Patrick Alexander Manning, declare that the dissertation which I hereby submit for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Wildlife Management) at the University of Pretoria, is my own work and has not previously been submitted by me for a degree at this or any other tertiary institution. SIGNATURE: _______________________________ DATE: _____________________________________ 5 From the standpoint of a higher socio-economic formation, the private property of particular individuals in the earth will appear just as absurd as the private property of one man in other men. Even an entire society, a nation, or all simultaneously existing societies taken together, are not owners of the earth, they are simply its possessors, its beneficiaries, and have to bequeath it in an improved state to succeeding generations, as boni patres familias (good heads of the household). Karl Marx – Capital If Africa is to take her rightful place among the continents, we shall have to proceed on different lines and evolve a policy which will not force her institutions into an alien European mould, but which will preserve her unity with her own past, conserve what is precious in her past, and build her future progress and civilisation on specifically African foundations. J.C. Smuts - Africa And Some World Problems 6 Wildlife Conservation in Zambia and the Landsafe Customary Commons by I.
  • Shangana Tsonga People of Semi-Urban Southern Mozambique

    Shangana Tsonga People of Semi-Urban Southern Mozambique

    The significance of music in the performance of svllcwembu ritual practices amongst the Shangana Tsonga people of semi-urban southern Mozambique Ivan Felix da Concei~ao Mazuze M7ZIVAOOI A dissertation submitted in fulfilment ofthe requirements for the award of the degree of Masters in Music Masters of Musicology Faculty of the Humanities University of Cape Town 2006 Supervisor: Michael Nixon The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University of Cape Town Compulsory Declaration This work has not been previously submitted as a whole. or in part, for the award of any degree. It is my own work. Eachsignificant contribution to, and quotation in, this dissertation from the work, or works, of other people bas been attributed, and has been cited andreferenced. Abstract This research investigates the significance of music in svikwembu. one of the most regularly used ritual practices amongst the Shangana Tsonga people of southern Mozambique, specifically in the Maputo province. The significance and importance of music is applied to all practitioners of svikwembu. SviJcwembu includes trance (spirit possession), divination, consultation (leu pahla), exorcism (kufemba) and healing practices. Music activity has different functions in each of the above-mentioned practices. Specific instruments (gocha, ngoma, ntxomana, and whistle) and styles of music (Ndau, Nguni, mahlonga and Monhe) are used and performed in these set ritual practices.