Text of Khrushchev Speech on Stalin Crimes ______w------—------Despot’s Aide Claims #/Fear t h e MILITANT Kept Him Silent PUBLISHED WEEKLY IN THE INTERESTS OF THE WORKING PEOPLE Following is the text of the cult which became at a certain specific stage the source of a speech by Nikita S. Khrushchev, Vol. XX — No. 24 267 NEW YORK, N. Y., MONDAY, JUNE 11, 1956 PRICE: 10 Cent« First Secretary of the Commu­ whole series of exceedingly seri­ nist Party, ¡Soviet Union, deliv­ ous and grave perversions of ered at a (Secret session of the pta-nty principles, of party de­ party’s 20th Congress in Moscow, mocracy, of revolutionary legal­ Feb. 24 and 25, 1956, as it ap­ ity. peared in the June 5 issue of the HARM OF CULT NOTED N. Y. Times. The text is accept­ ed as authentic by the world Because of the fact that not press land by the iStalinist Daily all as yet realize fully the prac­ Worker. Previous reports indicate tical consequences resulting Moscow Trials Frame-Ups, from the cult of the individual, that the published version has the great harm caused by the been in the hands of Communist violation of the principle of col­ Party leaders throughout the lective direction of the party world ¡for a number of weeks hut and because of the accumula­ not until it was released by tire tion of immense and limitless American State Department did power in the hands of one per­ the Stalinists announce their in ­ son, the Central Committee of tention of publishing it. Kremlin Leader Now Admits the party considers it absolute­ ly necessary to make the ftiate- Comrades! In the report of the rial pertaining to this matter Central Committee of the party available to the twentieth con­ at the twentieth congress, in a gress of the Communist party of Soviet Article number of speeches by delegates the Soviet Union. 'Confessions' Extorted to the congress, as also formerly Allow me first of all to re­ during the plenary CC/CPSU mind you how severely the clas­ Hits Stalin’s [Central Committee of the Com­ sics of Marxism-Leninism de­ munist Party of the Soviet Un­ nounced every manifestation of By Horrible Physical ion] sessions, quite a lot has the cult of the individual. In a Ro le in 1917 been said about the cult of the letter to the Gernjan political individual and about its harmful worker, Wilhelm Bloss, Marx By Daniel Roberts stated: consequences. On May 30, the Soviet maga­ And Mental Tortures A fter Stalin’s death the Cen­ Because of my antipathy to zine, Questions of History, reveal­ By George Lavan any cult of the individual, I tra l Committee of the party be­ ed that Stalin had stood in funda­ The now-revealed text of Nikita S. Khrushchev’s gan to implement a policy of never made public during the mental opposition to Lenin in explaining Iconcisely and con­ existence of the [F irs t] Inter­ March-April 1917. The magazine secret speech to the 20th Congress of the Communist sistently that it is impermissi­ national the numerous ad­ revealed the long-suppressed ac­ Party of the Soviet Union exposes Stalin’s regime as the ble and foreign to the spirit of dresses from various countries count of how Stalin in the period most brutal in al'l history and, ■$------Marxism-Leninism to elevate one iwhich recognized my merits immediately following' the Czar’s at the same time, serves to under- repudiating their confessions and person, to transform him into and which annoyed me. I did overthrow supported the Provi­ mane the rule of Khrushchev and w riting to Stal-in describing how a superman possessing super­ not even reply to them, except sional Government headed by the other leaders of the Kremlin these confessions had been ex­ natural characteristics akin to sometimes to rebuke their au­ Miliukov and other capitalist bureaucracy who succeeded S’talin. tracted from them. A ll to no thors. those of a god. Such a man sup­ politicians. Lenin’s course at that Well over half of the six-hour avail. They were shot. posedly knows everything, sees Engels and I firs t joined the time — as set forth first in speech deals with the terror and' In 1939 when the purge began secret society of Communists everything, thinks fo r everyone, letters to Pravda from Switzer­ frame-up system Stalin used to to slacken somewhat, Sitsalin sent can do anything, is infallible in on the condition that every­ land, then presented at the Bol­ destroy first the Trotskyists and telegrams to ail sections of the thing making for superstitious his behavior. shevik conference in early A pril then all other opposition in what Communist Party down to low worship of authority would be Such a belief about a man, and — was to give no support what­ had once been the democratically- echelon unit leaders justifying specifically about Stalin, was deleted from its statute. Las- ever to the capitalist government run party of Lenin. and urging the use of physical cultivated among us fo r many salle [Ferdinand Lassalle, Ger­ but to win the masses for the To those, who fo r tlhe past 2-0 torture on those under arrest. man Socialist] subsequently “Stalin will depart from years. creation of a workers’ govern­ the scene laden w ith all years have defended the Moscow Also cited is Stalin’s threat to The objective of the present did quite the opposite.” ment. Trials with the argument, “They the head of the secret police Sometime later Engels wrote: report is not a thorough evalua­ From the time of Stalin’s rise the crimes which he has confessed their guilt, didn’t they ? ” during the preparation of the Both Marx 'and I have al­ tion of Stalin’s life and activity. to power, histories of the March committed — not only as and to the puzzled, who wondered “ Doctors’ plot” frame-up: “If you ways been against any public Concerning Stalin’s merits an 1917 period have been written and aloud, “ Why did they confess?” do not obtain confessions from manifestation with regard to the gravedigger of the entirely sufficient number of rewritten with the object of con­ Khrushchev at last and officially the doctors we w ill shorten you individuals, with the exception Revolution but as the most books, pamphlets and studies cealing Sltadon’s actual role and in gave the true answer. “ Confes­ by a head.” Then, “ Stalin per­ of cases when it had an im­ sinister figure in the his­ had already been written in his order to make it appear that sions of guilt,” he admitted, sonally called the investigative portant purpose; and we most lifetime. The role of Stalin in S'talin, on his own, was pursuing tory of mankind.” — Leon “ were gained with the help of judge, gave him instructions, ad­ strongly ..opposed such mani­ the preparation and execution of the same course as -Lenin. On the Trotsky, Oct. 16, 1937. cruel and inhuman tort-ores.” vised him on which investigative festations which during our LEON TROTSKY the Socialist revolution, in the way, historians were shot; .mem­ methods should be used; these lifetime concerned us person­ civil war, and in the fight for oirs suppressed, w ith their authors TROTSKY VINDICATED methods were simple — beat, ally. the construction of socialism in either jailed, shot or forced to Thus the greatest frame-rip beat, and, once again, beat!” our country is universally known. The great modesty of the gen­ trials in all history stand repu­ rewrite their works; and the LENIN’S TESTAMENT Everyone knows this well. ius of the revolution, Vladimir minutes of the Bolshevik con­ Trotskyism Vindicated! diated as lies from beginning to A t the present we are con­ Ilyich Lenin, is known. Lenin had ference of March-April 1917 put end. Khrushchev’s speech vin­ Among the important revela­ cerned with a question which always stressed the role of the under lock and key. An Editorial dicates completely Trotsky’s tions contained in Khrushchev's has immense importance fo r the people as the creator of history, The entire political biography denunciations of the Moscow speech are quotations from party now and fo r the future — the directing and organizational of Stalin as published at his com­ In his speech to the closed session of the (11) It brought the relations of the Trials. Also verified is the “Not Lenin's suppressed testament, a [we are concerned] with how role of the party as a living and mand is one giant fabrication. 20th Congress of the Communist Party of Soviet Union with other workers’ states Guilty” verdict returned by the letter of Lenin’s wife to Kamenev, and a letter of Lenin to Sitalin — the cult of the person of Stalin creative ox-ganism, and also the The most recent issue of Ques­ the Soviet Union (see fu ll available te xt to disaster by treating these states as in­ famous Commission of Inquiry, has been gradually growing, the (Continued on page 3) tions of History contains another headed by -philosopher John all showing Lenin’s deathbed article which debunk» cherished m this issue) N ikita S. Khrushchev admits feriors and trying to impose Stalin’s bruta. Dewey, which sat in Mexico City struggle against the ruthless bu­ claims made by .Stalin to leader­ nothing less than the following: rule upon them. as a count to hear evidence reaucrat Who was to usurp the ship in heroic struggles conducted (1) The Stalin regime was guilty of To millions of revolutionary workers produced by Trotsky disproving leadership of the Oonvmunislt the. monsltrous accusations in Party and turn it from a revolu­ by the Bolsheviks in the Caucasus the mass murder of the whole generation throughout the world, who have been PUBLIC MEETINGS n 1905. Conscientious biographers Moscow. tionary instrument of the working of Stalin — including Leon Trot­ of revolutionists who participated in the cruelly deceived and misled by the Stal­ Khrushchev cited numerous class into its opposite — a sky — have already explained October 1917 revolution as comrades and inist bureaucrats, one conclusion witil in­ specific cases of purge victims (Continued on page 2) that Stalin simply appropriated co-workers of Lenin. sistently make its way: A ll these abomin credit for deeds performed by able crimes against the revolution, ad­ others. (2) It systematically perpetrated “ The Khrushchev Revelations” frame-ups, tortures, the extraction of false mitted by Khrushchev, each and every one TRUE PICTURE EMERGES confessions and summary executions of them, were exposed, analyzed and, Myra Weiss on Tour The revelation about Stalin’s against countless thousands of innocent fought by Leon Trotsky and the work LOS ANGELES role in 1917, however, smashes victim s. T ro tskyist movement from the momei., even the posthumous portrait of they made th e ir appearance. James P. Cannon Stalin as the peerless, revolu­ (3) It destroyed every vestige of Explains Soviet Events tionary — who persevered as a workers’ democracy; it destroyed all legal The disoriented, shocked and bewildered SAN FRANCISCO, May 29 — Myra Tanner Weiss, Leninist until he succumbed to the revolutionary workers in the Communist FOUNDER, AMERICAN TROTSKYIST MOVEMENT safeguards and replaced revolutionary law Socialist Workers Party candidate for Vice-President, “cult of the individual.’’ This parties, w ill no longer accept the word Os portrait is retained in the Khrush­ with the uncontrolled rule of the Secret spoke to an overflow crowd of workers at party head­ the bureaucrats as, to what Trotskyism Friday, June 15 — 8:15 P. M. chev speech made at the closed Political Police under the direct supervi­ quarters on “ A New Stage in- the-Sh- session of the 2ftth Congress. sion of Stalin. means; they will discover the great Riussian Revolution; I t ’s Signifi- •With the Questions of History treasure of Marxist theory and politics oance fo r American -Labor (4) The Moscow Trials of the Thirties, Charming Hall article, the world Stalinist move­ that is to be found in the historic record Comrade Weiss took as her ment is being given for the first beginning with the trials following the theme t-alk the recent reveillations of the struggle of Trotskyism against time by their leaders something assassination of K irov in 1934, were staged made a t the 20fch congress of the 2936 West 8th Street Stalinist reaction. approaching the true political oy Stalin’s police machine and were Russian Communist Party. “ When complexion of Stalin. Bulganin and Khrushchev started ju d icial frauds from beginning to end. Khrushchev says that Stalin was Upon Stalin and Kamenev’s politically right as against Trotsky. He to reveal the crimes of Stalin they return from Siberian exile in late (5) The charge that the Trotskyists :n reality only revealed wibait the also says that Stalin was dedicated to the March 1917, they decisively re­ were spies, wreckers and terrorists were Russian workers al-ready knew,” jected any notion that the Work­ interests of the working class and the she said. sheer fabrications. ers’ and Soldiers’ Councils (the revolution. But the Communist workers “ What they still have to Soviets) created by the revolu­ (6) In the test of World War II the will hardly take Khrushchev’s word for reveal,” she added, “ are the worst tionary masses after the over­ “The Khrushchev Revelations” regime of Stalin brought the Soviet Union that. They w ill insist on probing the ques­ crimes, the crimes they shared 0 throw of the Czar, should take in partnership with Stalin and political power. A Soviet govern­ co the brink of disaster and resulted in tion of Stalinism to the very bottom. the needless slaughter o f hundreds of those which they w ill have to N EW YORK ment w a^the program advanced The Communist workers in the factories commit on the morrow if they by the worker sections of the thousands if not millions. will ask the question that Khrushchet are to retain their power — that Bolshevik Party in the factory (7) Whole nations of minority peoples studiously avoided in his entire six-hou. crime is the beheading of revolu­ M u rry W-eiss district of Vyborg. It was also tions that would rid the world Lenin’s program. within the Soviet Union, who had won speech: w hat was the class essence, the of capitalism.” Stalin and Kamenev deemed too their national freedom through the social roots of the Stalin cult? What social In addition to her speech at EDITOR, THE MILITANT revolutionary even the policies of October revolution, were either uprooted force did it serve? They w ill ask the same SWP headquarters she talked to MYRA TANNER WEISS Molotov, Sblyapnikov and Zalut- and transported to remote regions or question about Trotskyism: What class many m ilitant workers and youth. Friday, June 15 — 8:30 P. M. sky, who led the party up to the utterly destroyed. A large number of students time of their return. And this trio interests does Trotskyism represent, and about the Montgomery. Alabama, (8) It criminally ignored the severe listened to her at Bather Gate on- was a long way from advocating how has it served these interests? the University of California situation and the SWP solution Adelphi Hall power for the Soviets. Displacing crisis in agriculture and intervened only Despite all his prattle about Leninism, campus. They were very in­ for the problems confronting the Molotov from the editorship of to lay new and unjust taxes on the work­ Khrushchev treats the question of the cult terested- in the Trotskyist analysis Negro people. 74 Fifth Ave. (near 14th St.) the party paper, Pravd'a, Stalin, ing people who were already suffering of the individual (the Stalinist murdei of current events in the Soviet A t a -press conference Comrade and Kamenev gave open support Weiss scored the bi-partisan for­ great hardships. machine) without applying the ABCs of Union. Mlany showed their ap­ to the capitalist government. preciation by thanking Comrade eign policy of the two major (9) It nurtured a Stalin cult, devoting Leninism, namely, that politics; is the con­ parties and called for the forma­ STALIN ’S EVALUATION Weis-s after the meeting fo r enormous efforts to build the myth of his centrated expression of the interests of “ taking time out of a busy cam­ tion of a labor party. A t the party conference A pril paign schedule to come and talk On Friday, June 15, Socialist 4-6, Stalin formulated the tasks genius and infallibility. It established a economic classes and groups. to us.” Workers Party vice-presidential of the working class in the revolu­ system of compulsory flattery, adulation The secret of Khrushchev’s inability to On a radio interveiw at Station candidate Myra Weiss, (will speak tion entirely along the line of Questions and Discussion and fantastic glorification. provide a plausible explanation, as well KPtFA Comrade Weiss dealt with at the Detroit Friday N ight So­ Menshevism. “ The power has been (10) It systematically falsified history as the reason for his reiterated declaration the economic differences between cialist Forum. The meeting w ill divided between two organs of to suit the needs of the omnipotent dictator that in the fight against Trotskyism the Soviet Union and the United be held at 3737 Woodward Ave., Auspices: Socialist Workers Party which neither one possesses fu ll States and the future of U.-S. 2nd floor, at 8 p.m. Her subject power,” he said. . . The Soviet in his struggle against his political op­ Stalin was politically right, lies in the fact economy. will be: The New Events in the is the revolutionary leader of the ponents and to further his own deifica­ th a t Khrushchev defends the same social (Comrade Weiss was given time Soviet Union -and Their Signif­ > (continued on page 2) tion. (Continued on page 7) to tell a Negro church gathering icance fortthe American Workers. s» Page Two THE MILITANT Monday, June 11, 1956 MOSCOW FRAME-UP TRIALS VII The Whys and Wherefores of the Trials TWe publish herewith the concluding installment of Leon Trot­ The formulas of Marxism, ex­ were directed above all toward link in the preparation of the They also became necessary wrecks and the obstruction of trigues, bribes and calumny, it sky’s speech at the hearing of the Preliminary Commission of In ­ pressing the interests of the the uprooting of “Trotskyism,” future judicial frame-ups. To for him for international rea­ the Panama Canal, in the inter­ will be rapidly protected by the quiry into the Charges 'Made Against Leon Trotsky in the Moscow masses, more and more incon­ and during these purges not only justify the repressions, it was sons. If the Soviet bureaucracy ests of Japan. We shall learn armor of the sympathy of broad, Trials. The hearings took place A p ril 10 to 17, 1937, at Coyoacan, venienced the bureaucracy, in so discontented workers were call- necessary to have framed ac­ does not want revolutions and the day after tomorrow how the popular masses. Mexico. The final installment consists of Section XXI, entitled: far as they were inevitably di­ cusations. To give weight \o the fears them, it cannot, at the Trotskyites in Mexico are pre­ Ladies and gentlemen of the “ Why and Wherefore These Trials?” rected against .its interests. false accusations, it was neces­ same time, openly renounce the paring measures fo r the restora­ Commission! Already for five The full text is available in a Pioneer Publishers pamphlet From the time that I entered sary to reinforce them with revolutionary traditions without tion of Porfirio Diaz. You say years — I repeat, five years! Stalin’s Frame-Up System and the Moscow Trials. The Com­ into opposition to the bureau­ j more brutal repressions. Thus definitely undermining its pres­ Diaz died a long time ago? The — I have incessantly demanded mission of Inquiry was an impartial body headed by Prof. John cracy, its courtier-theoreticians Moscow creators of amalgams the logic of the struggle drove tige within the USSR. However, the creation of an international Dewey, the eminent philosopher and teacher of American liberal­ began to call the revolutionary the obvious bankruptcy of the do not stop before such trifles. commission of inquiry. The day ism. It included Carlo Trcsca, outstanding leader of the anarchist essence of Marxism — “Trot­ ' Stalin along the road of gigan- Comintern opens the way fo r a They stop before nothing — I received the telegram about movement in the U.S. Otto Kuehle, who stood side-by-side in the skyism.” At the same time, the j tic judicial amalgams. new International. » nothing at all. the creation of your sub-com­ Reichstag with Karl Liebknecht in fighting German imperialism in official conception of Leninism Politically and morally, it Is mission was a great holiday in World War I, was another member. The Commission selected as its changed from year to year, be­ a question of life and death fo r my life. Some friends anxious­ legal adviser John Finerty, of world-wide fame in the defense of coming more and more adapted Why the Kremlin Fears Trotskyism them. Emissaries of the GPU ly asked me: Will not the Stalin­ Tom Mooney and Sacco and Vanzetti. The verdict of the Com­ to the needs of the ruling caste. Since 1933, the idea of new terrible repressions, and outside are prowling in all countries of ists penetrate into the Commis­ mission after nine months of thorough investigation in several Books devoted to Party history, revolutionary parties under the the USSR with the aid of a gi­ the Old and the New World. sion, as they at firs t penetrated countries was that the defendants in the Moscow Trials were “ Not to the October Revolution, or to banner of the Fourth Interna­ gantic apparatus which, through They, do not lack money. What into the Committee fo r the De­ Guilty.” A complete transcript of the hearings and the report of the the theory of Leninism, were re­ tional has met with great suc­ resources drawn from the labor does it mean to the ruling clique fense of Trotsky ? vised annually. Commission were published in two volumes: “ The Case of Leon cess in the Old and New Worlds. of the Soviet workers and peas­ to spend twenty or fifty m il­ I answered: Dragged into the Trotsky and “Not Guilty.” ] 1 have adduced an example Only with difficulty can an out­ ants, poisons world public opin­ lions of dollars more or less,_ light of day, the Stalinists are from the literary activity of By Leon Trotsky side observer appreciate the real ion with the virus of lies, falsi­ to sustain its authority and its not fearsome. On the contrary, Stalin himself. In 1918 he wrote dimensions of this success. It fications and blackmail. Millions power? These gentlemen buy I w ill welcome the most venem- that the victory of the October cannot be measured by member­ of people throughout the world human consciences like sacks of ous questions from the Stalin­ insurrection was “ principally and ship statistics alone. The gen­ identify the October Revolution potatoes. We shall see this in ists; to break them down I have Frame-Ups Not Prodetc of Individual above all” assured by Trotsky’s eral tendency of development is with the Thermidorian bureau­ many instances. only to toll what actually hap­ An American w'riter complain- j tum, greedy fo r power, greedy leadership. In 1924 Stalin wrote of much greater importance. cracy, the Soviet Union with Fortunately, not everybody pened. The world press w ill give ed to me in a conversation: “It for material comforts, apprehen­ that Trotsky could not have Deep, internal fissures are Stalin’s clique,/ the revolution­ can be bought. Otherwise hu­ the necessary publicity to my is d ifficu lt for me to believe,” sive for its positions, fearing the played any special role in the spreading throughout all the sec­ ary workers with the utterly manity would have rotted away replies. I knew in advance that he said, “ that you entered into masses, and mortally hating all October Revolution. To this tune tions of the Comintern, which at demoralized Comintern appara­ a long time ago. Here, in the the GPU would bribe individual the whole historiography was an alliance tvith fascism; but it opposition. the firs t historic shock w ill re- tus. person of the Commission, we journalists and whole newspa­ adjusted. is equally difficult for me to be­ The position of a privileged LEON SEDOV ; suit in splits and debacles. I f The firs t great breach in this have a precious cell of unmar­ pers. But I did not doubt for one lieve that Stalin carried out such bureaucracy in a society which This signifies in practice that Stalin fears the little Bulletin Tower of Babel w ill necessarily ketable public conscience. A ll moment that the conscience of horrible frame-ups.” I can only that bureaucracy itself calls So­ hundreds of young scholars and ed “Trotskyites,” but also all of the Opposition and punishes cause it to collapse entirely, and those who thirst fo r purifica­ the world cannot be bribed and pity the author of this remark. cialist is not only contradictory, thousands of journalists were writers who honestly ¡presented its introduction into the USSR bury beneath its debris the au­ tion of the social atmosphere that it w ill score, in this case I t is, in fact, difficult to find a but also false. The more preci­ systema'ttcally traiined in thfcl historical facts or citations with death, it -is not d ifficult thority of the Thermidorian will turn instinctively toward as well, one of its most splendid solution if one approaches the. pitate the jump from the October spirit of falsification. Whoever which contradicted the latest of­ to understand what fright seizes chiefs. That is why it is for the Commission. In spite of in- victories. question exclusively from an in­ overturn — which laid bare all resisted was stifled. This applies ficial standardization. Novelists the bureaucracy at the possi­ Stalin a life-and-death question dividual psychological and not social falsehood — to the pres­ in a still greater measure to the and artists were suject to the b ility that news of the self-sad- to kill the Fourth International political viewpoint. ent situation, in which a caste propagandists, functionar­ same regime. The spiritual at­ rificing work of the Fourth In­ while it is still in embryo! Trotsky’s Faith in Future Unshaken I do not wish to deny by this of upstarts is forced to cover ies, judges, not to speak of the mosphere of the country became ternational in the service o f the Now, as we are here examin­ Esteemed Commissioners! The should have the rig ht to remain the importance of the. individual up its social ulcers, the cruder examining magistrates of the completely impregnated with the working class many penetrate ing the Moscow trials, the Ex­ experience of my life, in which outside of the skirmishes in the the Thermidorian lies. GPU. poison of conventionalities, lies element in history. ‘Neither Sta­ into the USSR. ecutive Committee of the Com­ there has been no lack either of The incessant Party purges and direct frame-ups. political arena — in this fact I lin nor I find ourselves in our I t is, consequently, a question The moral authority of the intern, according to information successes or of failures, has not see a new and truly magnificent present positions by accident. not simply of the individual leaders of the bureaucracy and, in the press, is sitting in Mos­ only not destroyed my faith in the reinforcement of the revolution­ But we did not create these po­ depravity of this or that person, above all, of Stalin, rests in cow. Its agenda is: The strug­ clear, bright future of mankind, ary optimism which constitutes sitions. Each of us is drawn but of the corruption lodged in Began with Theoretical Falsifications large measure upon the Tower gle against world Trotskyism. but, on the contrary, has given it the fundamental element of my into this drama as the repre­ the position of a whole social All the possibilities along this “ armed Insurrection.’’ However, of Babel of slanders and falsi­ The session of the Executive an industructible temper. This life. sentative of definite ideas and group for whom lying has be­ road were soon exhausted. The the accusation, launched against fications erected over a period Committee of the Comintern is faith in reason, in truth, in human Ladies and gentlemen of the principles. come a vital political necessity. theoretical and historical falsi­ me was not even published in of thirteen years. The moral au­ not only a link in the long chain solidarity, which at the age of Commission! Mr. Attorney Fin­ In their turn, the ideas and In the struggle fo r its newly fications no longer attained their the press. Today it may seem thority of the Comintern rests of the Moscow frame-ups, but eighteen I took with me into the erty! and you, my defender and principles do not fa ll from the gained positions, this caste has aims — people grew too accus­ incredible, but already in 1929 entirely and exclusively on the also the projection of the latter workers’ quarters of the provin­ friend, Goldman! Allow me to sky, but h'ave profound social reeducated itself and simulta­ tomed to them. It was neces­ we were confronted with accu­ moral authority of the Soviet on the world arena. Tomorrow cial Russian town of Nikolaiev express to all of you my warm roots. That is why one must neously reeducated — or rather, sary to give to bureaucratic re­ sations against the Trotskyites bureaucracy. In its turn, the au­ We shall hear about new mis­ — this faith I have preserved gratitude, which in this case take, not the psychological ab­ demoralized. — its leaders. It pression a more massive founda­ of “ sabotage,” “ espionage,” thority of the Comintern as well deeds of the Trotskyites in Spain, fu lly and completely. I t has be­ does not bear a personal char­ straction of Stalin as a “man,” raised upon its shoulders the tion. To bolster up the literary “ preparation of railroad wrecks,” as its support, is necessary fo r of their direct or indirect sup­ come more mature, but not less acter. And allow me, in conclu­ but his concrete, historical per­ man who best. most, resolutely falsifications, accusations of a etc., in the Soviet press. However Stalin before the Russian work­ port of the fascists. Echoes of ardent. sion, to express my profound sonality as leader of the Soviet and most ruthlessly expresses criminal character were brought there was not a single tria l in­ ers. this base calumny, indeed, have In the very fact of your Com­ respect to the educator, philoso­ bureaucracy. One can understand its interests. Thus Stalin, who in. volving these accusations. This Tower of Babel, which already been heard in this room. mission’s formation — in the pher and personification of gen­ the acts of Stalin only by start­ was once a revolutionist, became My exile from the USSR was The matter was limited to a frightens its own builders, is Tomorrow we shall hear how fact that, at its head, is a man uine American idealism, the ing from the conditions of exist­ the leader of the Thermidorian officially motivated by the al­ literary calumny which repre­ maintained inside the USSR the Trotskyites in the United of unshakable mbral authority, scholar who heads the work of ence of the new privileged stra­ caste. legation that I had prepared an sented, nevertheless, the firs t with the aid of more and more States are preparing railroad a man who by virtue of his age your Commission. (Applause) Admits Moscow Trials Were Frame-Ups ... Hits Role of Stalin in 1917 (Continued from page 1) the war, on the grounds that the Stalin. Indeed, the very bureau­ (Continued from page 1) the result (at Kharkov) of this?” bureaucracy they had to carry He and the others were at Stalin’? cerpts from it on June 5 and has February revolution had altered cratic faction he headed from counter-revolutionary instr.uimen/t asks Khrushchev. “ We lost hun­ out with distinction Stalin’s right hand. This cannot be subsequently announced that it insurrectionary people; am organ its imperialist character. Further­ 1923 on represented the growth of the bureaucracy against the dreds of thousands of our dirty program of beating down denied. A t the very moist Khrush­ would publish it in full. It has controlling the Provisional Gov­ more, they advocated fusion- of of a bourgeois and petty --bourgeois working class. soldiers.” the Soviet workers, falsifying chev and Company can plead still not been made public in the ernment. And the Provisional the Bolshevik party with the social formation in the Soviet These documents have long It is noteworthy that, try as history, preparing and praising cowardice. But such -a plea w ill USSR or satellite countries. The Government has in fact taken the Mensheviks. Union. Stalin came to head the been cited by the Trotskyists as he may, stretch the truth ns he the purge and outdoing rivals not wipe out their past records speech as printed in this issue of role of fortifier of the conquests parasitic caste precisely because part of the evidence that, far undoubtedly does, to make out in building the Stalin cult. nor win them the support of the -the M ilitant is the full 26,000- of the revolutionary people. . . It It should be added that at the his character and political make­ fro™ representing Lenin's pro­ the best case for himself and his ¡Men of this caliber are no op­ Soviet workers, who hate them word text released by the State is not to our advantage at present outbreak o-'f the February Revolu­ up was alien to working class gram and continuing his work, partners, Khrushchev cannot ad­ positionists. They bear no re-, and the bureaucracy which they Department. to force events, hastening the tion, Trotsky — at the time a revolrtioTv. Stalin was under bitter political duce a single instance of opposi­ semblance to the Bolsheviks who represent. pi'oeess of repelling the bourgeois political refugee in New York — Stalin was no longer applying and personal attack from Lenin, tion to one of Stalin’s acts. The opposed tyrannical regimes, went layers, who w ill in the future outlined the same revol-u-tionai”y I t took Khrushchev two days his Menshevik course merely to who was prevented only by death most ho produces arc u few’ to prison for their ‘opposition inevitably withdraw from us.” course fo r the Russian workers (Feb. 24-25) to deliver the speech. Russia. His March line was from waging an all-out campaign alleged cases where he now says and often gave their lives.- Poison from the Skies “ The idea that it is disad­ soldiers and peasants as Lenin-. While rumors and a few details enthroned by the Communist for his removal. For decades these he urged — but gingerly — a Khrushchev and the others un­ The Japanese Welfare Ministry vantageous to hasten the with­ On his return to Russia in May. from it were allowed to circulate Parties in every country. Review­ documents have been called Trot­ modification of Stalin’s plans. He doubtedly feared for their skins reported, "May 24, that due to drawal of the bourgeoisie from he immediately began collabora­ in the Soviet Union and the ing the March 1917 policy pursued skyist fabrications by Stalinists cannot adduce a single instance and their privileges because of récent heavy rainfall fru it and the revolution, has always been tion with the Bolsheviks on the satellite countries, it was kept by Stalin, Trotsky stated in his in all countries. Now the First Stalin’s habit of purging even, has vegetables in central districts of the guiding principle of the basis of Lenin's line which had where he tried to build an opposi­ secret. An edited version was sent biography of Stalin, “ Here ready­ Secretary of the Communist tion to Stalin’s regime of bloody most fa ithful tools. But fearful Japan were radioactive. The whole policy of the Mensheviks,” won out in the Bolshevik party to a limited section of the bu­ wrote -Leon Trotsky in The His­ over Stalin’s and Kamenev’s. made for us is the formula of Party of the Soviet Union quotes tyranny, economic and m ilitary and hoping, they tried to assure reaucracy and to foreign Com­ agency warned the Japanese peo­ their safety and position by out­ ple against eating any. The tory of the Russian Revolution future ¡Stalinist policy in China them in his speech. disasters. munist. Parties. Copies were sent RECORD OF HISTORY doing themselves in serving commenting on Stalin’s line. “In (1924-1927), in Spain (1934-1939) Khrushchev gives almost in­ I t Should be noted also that to Tito and the Communist Party amount of radioactivity was Stalin. action this means blunting and The records show, however, as well as generally in «11 his credible examples of the brutality, while Khrushchev tries to portray of Yugoslavia. This is believed found to be five bimes the cowardice, thirst fo r adulation, amount considered safe for human weakening the movement of the tihat never throughout 1917 did ill-s-tarred ‘popular fronts.’ ” himself as having silently disa­ WHERE WAS KHRUSHCHEV? to be the source from which the In the Chinese Revolution of ignorance and stupidity of Sitalin,. consumption. Poisonous rain con­ masses in order not to frighten Stalin correct his March position greed with Stalin’s “ excesses,” This is why the Khrushchev U.S. State Department obtained He tells how Stalin caused mili­ tinues to fall on the country. away the liberal allies.” fundamentally. He simply wen:' 1924-1927, the Stalinist course his speech compromises most of speech, compelled by the new it. The latter released an English tary and agricultural catastrophes. That is how Lenin appraised along with the decision. was to merge the Communist the other leading figures in the regime’s need to disassociate translation of it on June 4. The4 He tries to give the impression- Stalin’s policy, fo r he stated he A fter 1923 Stalin again set Party in the Kuomintang — the bureaucracy as being in the ¡itself in the eyes of the masses New York Times printed it in full party headed by Ohiatig Kai-shek to the audience that he and his N e x t w e e k won Id rather split with anyone policy for the Bolshevik Party closest relations with Stalin. from Stalin, at the very same the next day. and the Chinese capitalist class. present partners opposed Stalin’s in the party than support the The politics of Stalinism were Were these others to make time undermines the rule of the Its authenticity may be vouched The formula was the Men-sihevik bloody and disastrous policies. In The M ilitant capitalist government and its not developments of Lenin’s line. new regime. The answer to the „r,e o-f not alienating the capital­ For example, he recounts how similar speeches, it could well be -for not only by its internal prosecution of imperialist war. They represented a return tc turnabout. They could paint them­ oft-asked question, “ Where was ists from the revolution. Tire Stalin’s meddling in the battle evidence but by the fact that no “ Stalinism and Bolshevism” A t the same time that they were Stalin’s own March policy. The selves up as secretly deploring Khrushchev when Stalin was Soviet official or Communist result was to leave the Chinese of Kharkov cost the Red Arm-y backing the Provisional Govern­ politics of class-collaboration wi-tl Stalin’s misrule and show Khrush­ doing these monstrous things?” Party spokesman has challenged By Leon Trotsky workers unprepared fo r wholesale humfredS of thousands of casual­ ment, Stalin and Kamenev drop­ the capitalist liberals and reform ­ chev and his coterie in the closest is known to all Soviet citizens. it. The Daily Worker printed ex­ slaughter by Chiang Kai-shek, ties. ped revolutionary opposition- to ist “socialists” was organic to relations with Stalin, implement­ when he came to terms with im­ “WE” AND “I” ing the bloodshed, cultism and perialism. “ We,” he says, had decided on disastrous program. In Spain, subordination of the a correct plan, “ we” commu­ For the indisputable fact is :n dependent struggle of the nicated1 to Stalin, Stalin re­ that the present ‘‘Collective leader­ Defense of Victims is Smith Act Test masses to the policy of retaining jected it, “ I ” telephoned and ship” is (minus Bella, who was a bourgeois-deimoeraitiic republic begged /the highest m ilitary com­ «(hot by them as “an agent of •• By George Lavan tions passed resolutions stigmatiz­ in the eating! The ACW’s résolu- Act and all the other barbarisms The M ilitant pointed this out in instead of building a workers' and mander in Moscow to get Stalin foreign intelligence service” ) no In, the closing hours of the ing it as anti-tabor and anti-civil tion against the Smith Act of the witch hunt should not be 1941 when 18 Socialist Workers peasants’ government led to the to lbok at a map. No success. less than- a coalition, of the rnos-t recent convention in Washington, liberties. remains, a generality tend an lulled by stories praising their Party and Minneapolis Teamsters victory of Franco. Then “ I ” telephoned Stalin- but successful, -surviving favorites of D. C., of the Amalgamated These condemnations were pe-- ’abstraction, basically no different union leaders to the skies for leaders were being railroaded The March line on a world scale he would not speak to me b'rt put Stalin. Clothing Workers a series of rtodioally renewed in the civil from the many previous civil mere words when these same under the same law. It also is the policy still pursued by the Malenkov on the phone. “ I’’ again Some of them were cronies of prepared resolutions were passed. liberties resolutions passed at' liberties resolutions passed by this leaders act as a roadblock to those pointed out gt the time that the Communist Parties — under asked to speak to Stalin. Stalin Stalin from the first days when Those on civil liberties and for­ succeeding conventions. So i t ha« same union in the past. endeavoring to rally unionists and Communist Party was betraying Khrushchev as under Stalin. The refused. “ I ” explained the disaster he started intriguing and building eign policy reflected the some­ been- with all the other features The proof is that while i' liberals to defend the Communist the working class because, while policy of peaceful coexistence facing the army at Kharkov a personal machine in the post- what freer atmosphere that pre­ of the Witch hunt: the McCarrar resolves against the Smith Act Party victims of the Smith Act. in resolutions it was on record features the same subordination through Malenkov to Stalin. Revolution party of Lenin and vails in this country since the Internal Security Act, the Hum- in. words, the AOW lifts not one However, the C-ommumisit Party against the Smith Act, in deeds of the struggle of the working Stalin insisted on the disastrous Trotsky. Most of them earned decline of McCarthy and the ph-rey-Bultler Communist Control finger.- nor utters one word, to leadership and the Daily Worker it was sabotaging the defense class to meager reforms within plan their spurs and privileges in the easing-off of the cold war. This Act, the “subversive” list, tlw defend the victims of the Smith writers, are not acting from of the Minneapolis victims the capitalist status quo as But the outcome of such “ op­ campaign against the ideals and is a development noticeable in "loyalty” purge, etc., etc. - Act. The key test of true opposi­ ignorance. They are fu lly aware Recently the Communist Party Stalin proposed in March 1917. position” is the same as all the program of the Revolution which most unions. ¡Sometimes these resolutions tion to the Smith Act is a figfo! of the facts and of the delinquenc; has admitted that its conduct Then as now the policies of other hinted-at opposition of culminated with the expulsion of On civil liberties the ACW con­ were a little stronger or a little to defend those being persecuted' of the ACW and other union during that first Smith Act Leninism and Stalinism are Khrushchev. “We” and “I” follow Trotsky and the Left Opposition. vention went on record as oppos­ weaker. For example, in the and jailed under it. bureaucrats in the fight to defend- prosecution was an “ error.” diametrically opposed. To rise -to the very top of the ing or criticizing moat of the early 1940’« they were more witch-hunt victims. They arc Stalin’s orders. “ And what was VICTIMS NOT UNKNOWN Today thé labor bureaucracy is witch hunt. I t called for repeal strongly worded. A t the height of acting from policy — the policy doing almost the same thing the The victims are not unknown to of the Smith Act, the Internal the McCarthy “ red” hysteria they call coexistence. This mean., OP did then. I t is on, record in Security Adt of 1950 and the they reflected, in their more the A'OW leadership. They are all trying to get back into alliianc: resolution® against the Smith The Road to Communist Control Act; it also tli-miid Bamguage, the intimidation the first, second and even third with the labor tops and the Act, yet. it abstains or opposes Stalin’s Frame-Up System and the echelon leaders of the Communist declared against the current of the union bureaucracy by Mc­ Democratic politicians, as in the active defense of the victims. This moves in Congress by the South­ Carthy! sun. Party. While the convention was days before the cold war. I t too is a betrayal of labor's figto! Peace Wlhiile it is perfectly legitimate on, professional anti-Communist Moscow T rials ern Democrats and Northern their campaigning to do this they for civil liberties. By James P. Cannon witch -hunters to invalidate by to examine such resolutions and informers were testifying at the are abandoning all real opposi­ The Smith Act and all the By Leon Trotsky -legislation the Supreme Court’;- note an improved tone, it is in ­ thought-control tria l of seven CP tion to the bureaucrats within the More timely than ever is witch-hunt laws and procedures ruling against state “sedition” correct to gloss over theiiir short­ leaders in Ftoley Square. A few unions and all real political op Cannon’s analysis of the Stal­ are a threat to labor itself. The full text of Trotsky’s masterful analysis of the laws. comings and pretend that the test days later the FBI arrested sever position in their press. inist peace program and why Failure of the unions to fight Moscow Trials in his summation speech before the -Such resolutions are all to the of a union bureaucracy’s attitude mien and women- in Massachusetts it cannot stop World War III. Jt is short-sighted to say that them to the utmost — and that John Dewev Commission of Inquiry which investi­ good and are expected of the toward civil liberties is in what for another such Smith Aic-t- trial He outlines Lenin’s real views since the current victims of th means defending the victims — gated ¡Stalin’s frame-up charges. W ith an introduc­ labor movement. Both the AF-L the resolutions say in general. Three of these had just been freed on this life and death question. Smith Act are CP members i-t i: can result- in the same disaster tion by Joseph Hansen. and the CIO, and' practically al- This is precisely what the Stal­ from indictments by the Supreme the privilege of the Daii-ly Worker that befell the Communist Party, 25c. 168 pages $1.00 their internationals, went on inist newspaper, the Daily Court's ruling against the state to settle, fo r mere -lip servic Order from record against the Smith Act Worker, (June 3) does in its subversive laws. which paid the price fo r not against the Smith Act. by the PIONEER PUBLISHERS PIONEER PUBLISHERS when it was introduced in Con­ eulogistic account of the recent Workers in the Amalgamated labor leaders. The Smith Act is 8 fighting the first prosecution by 116 University Place ti< University Place New York 3, N. Y. gress. A fter it wat) passed and’ ACW convention. and other unions who want their threat to labor and the civi' ending up the victim of sub­ New York 3, N. Y. signed by Roosevelt, their conven­ No, the proof of the pudding is organizations to fight the Smith liberties of all. sequent prosecutions. Monday, June 11, 1956 T H E MILITANT — Page Three Confirms Trotsky’s Accusation That Stalin Organized Kirov Murder

(Continued from page l) moved from this position and by I vinced that Lenin’s fears were! in a controversy be proven; this but inconvenient to Stalin. sharpest forms, even including always, when a radical turn in j the delegates to the seventeenth role of the Central Committee. Î ' which another man would be justified. The negative charac- term made possible the usage of Our party fought for the im­ a civil war. the development of the party congress ? I t is known that 80 Marxism does not negate the selected fo r it; a man who, above teristies of Stalin, which, in' the most cruel repression, vio- plementation of Lenin’s plans Stalin, on the other hand, used and the country took place, I per cent of the voting partici- role of the leaders of the work- all, would d iffe r from Stalin in Lenin’s time, were only incipient, I lating all norms of revolutionary for the construction of social­ extreme methods and mass re-1 Lenin considered it absolutely I pants of the seventeenth con- intg class in directing the revolu- only one quality, namely, greater transformed themselves during legality, against anyone who in ism. This was an ideological pressions at a time when the necessary that the party discuss gress joined the party during the tionary liberation movement. I tolerance, greater loyalty, great- the last years into a grave abuse any way disagreed with Stalin, fight. Had Leninist principles revolution was already victori­ at length all the basic matters years of conspiracy before the While ascribing great impor- er kindness and more consider- of power by Stalin, which caused against those who were only sus­ been observed during the course ous, when the Soviet state was pertaining to internal and for­ revolution and during the civil tance to the role of the leaders ate attitude toward the com- untold harm to our party. pected of hostile intent, against of this fight, had the party’s strengthened, when the exploit­ eign policy and to questions war; this means before 1921. By and organizers of the masses, rades, a less capricious temper, We have to consider seriously those who had bad reputations. devotion to principles been skill­ ing classes were already liqui­ bearing on the development of social origin the basic mass of Lenin at the same time merci- etc.” and analyze correctly this mat­ This concept “ enemy of the fu lly combined with a keen and dated and Socialist relations party and government. the delegates to the congress lessly stigmatized every mani- This document of Lenin’s was ter in order that we may pre­ people” actually eliminated the solicitous concern fo r people, were rooted solidly in all phases It is very characteristic that were workers ( 60 per cent of the festation of the cult of the in- made known to the delegates clude any possibility of a repeti­ possibility of any kind of ideo­ had they not been repelled and of national economy, when our Lenin addressed to the party voting members). dividual, inexorably combated at the thirteenth party congress, tion in any form whatever of logical fight or the making of wasted, but rather drawn to our party was politically consoli­ congress as the highest party For this reason, it was incon­ the foreign-to-Marxism views who discussed the question of what took place during the life one’s views known on this or side, we certainly would not dated and had strengthened itself organ his last articles, letters ceivable that a congress so com-, about a “hero” and a “crowd” transferring Stalin from the po­ of Stalin, who absolutely did not that issue, even those of a prac- have had such a brutal violation both numerically and ideological­ and remarks. During the period posed would have elected a Cen­ and countered all efforts to op­ sition of Secretary General. The tolerate collegiality in leadership ' tical character. In the main, of revolutionary legality and ly. I t is clear that here Stalin between congresses the Central tral Committee, a m ajority of pose a “ hero” to the masses and delegates declared themselves in and in work, and who practiced and in actuality, the only proof many thousands of people would showed in a whole series of cases Committee of the party, acting whom would prove to be enemies to the people. favor of retaining Stalin in this brutal violence, not only toward of guilt used, against all norms not have fallen victim of the his intolerance, his brutality and as the most authoritative leading of the party. The only reason Lenin taught that the party’s post, hoping that he would heed everything which opposed him, of current legal science, was the method of terror. Extraordinary- his abuse of power. Instead of collective, meticulously observed why 70 per crent of Central Com­ strength depends on its indissol­ the critical remarks of Vladimir but also toward that which “ confession” of the accused him­ methods would then have been proving his political correctness the principles of the party and mittee members and candidates uble unity with the masses, on Ilyich and would be able to over­ seemed to his capricious and self; and, as subsequent probing resorted to only against those and mobilizing the masses, he carried out its policy. elected at the seventeenth con­ the fact that behind the party come the defects which caused despotic character, contrary to proved, "confessions” were ac­ people who had in fact Commit­ often chose the path of repres­ So it was during Lenin’s life. gress were branded as enemies Lenin serious anxiety. his concepts. ted criminal acts against the of the party and of the people follow the people — workers, quired through physical pres­ sion and physical annihilation, LENIN’S RECORD IS NOTED peasants and intelligentsia. “ Only Stalin acted not through per­ sures against the accused. Soviet system. not only against actual enemies, was because honest Communists TWO NEW DOCUMENTS he will win and retain the pow­ suasion, explanation, and patient This led to glaring violations Let us recall some historical Were our party’s holy Leninist were slandered, accusations READ but also against individuals who er,” said Lenin, “ who believes cooperation with people, but by of revolutionary legality, and to facts. had not committed any crimes principles observed after the against them were fabricated, in the people, who submerges Comrades! The party congress imposing his concepts and de­ the fact that many entirely in­ In the days before the Octo­ against the party and the Soviet death of Vladimir Ilyich? and revolutionary legality was gravely undermined. himself in the fountain of the should become acquainted with manding absolute submission to nocent persons, who in the past ber Revolution two members of Government. Here we see no wis­ Whereas during the firs t few The same fate met not only living creativeness of the peo- two new documents, which con­ his opinion. Whoever opposed had defended the party line, be­ the Central Committee of the dom but only a demonstration of years after Lenin’s death party the Central Committee members ple.” firm Stalin’s character as al­ this concept or tried to prove his came victims. Bolshevik party, Kamenev and the brutal force which had once congresses and Central Commit­ but also the m ajority of the Lenin spoke with pride about ready outlined by Vladimir Ilyich viewpoint, and the correctness We must assert that, in regard Zinoviev, declared themselves so alarmed V. I. Lenin. tee plenums took place more or delegates to the seventeenth the Bolshevik Communist party Lenin in his ‘‘testament.” These of his position was doomed to to those persons who in their against Lenin’s plan for an Lately, ' especially after the less regularly, later, when Stalin party congress. Of 1,966 dele­ as the leader and teacher of the documents are a letter from Na- removal from the leading collec­ time had opposed the party line, armed uprising. In addition, on unmasking of the [Lavrenti P.] began increasingly to abuse his gates with either voting or ad­ people; he called fo r the presen­ dezhda Konstantinovna Krup­ tive and to subsequent moral there were often no sufficiently Oct. 18 they published in the Beria gang, the Central Com­ power, these principles were visory rights, 1,108 persons were tation of all the most important skaya [Lenin’s wife] to[Lev and physical annihilation. This serious reasons fo r their psysi- Menshevik newspaper Novaya mittee looked into a series of brutally violated. This was espe­ arrested on charges of anti­ questions before the opinion of Borisovich] Kamenev, who was was especially true during the cal annihilation. The formula Zhizn a statement declaring that matters fabricated by this gang. cially evident during the last revolutionary crimes, i.e., de­ knowledgeable workers, before at that time head of the Po­ period following the seventeenth “ enemy of the people” was spe­ the Bolsheviks were making This revealed a very ugly pic­ fifteen years of his life. Was it cidedly more than a majority. the opinion of their party; he litical Bureau, and a personal party congress, when many cifically introduced for the pur­ preparations fo r an uprising and ture of brutal willfulness Con­ a normal situation when thirteen This very fact shows how ab­ said: “ We believe in it. we see letter from Vladimir Ilyich Lenin prominent party leaders and pose of annihilating such in ­ that they considered it adven­ nected w ith the incorrect be­ years elapsed between the eigh­ surd, wild and contrary to com­ in it the wisdom, the honor, and to Stalin. rank-and-file party workers, dividuals. turistic. Kamenev and Zinoviev havior of Stalin. As facts prove. teenth and nineteenth party con­ mon sense were the charges of the conscience of our epoch.” I w ill now read these docu­ honest and dedicated to the It is a fact that many per­ thus disclosed to the enemy the Stalin, using his unlimited power, gresses, years during which our counter - revolutionary crimes Lenin resolutely stood against ments: cause of communism, fell victim sons who were later annihilated decision of the Central Commit­ allowed himself many abuses, party and our country had expe­ made, as we now see, against a every attempt aimed at belit­ Lev Borisovich! to Stalin’s despotism. as enemies of the party and the tee to stage the uprising, and acting in the name of the Cen­ rienced so many important ma'ority of participants at the tling or weakening the directing Because of a short letter which We must affirm that the party people had worked w ith Lenin that the uprising had been or­ tra l Committee, not asking fo r events? These events demanded sev .iteenth party congress: (In ­ role of the party in the structure I had written in words dictated had fought a serious fig h t during his life. Some of these ganized to take place w ithin the the opinion of the Committee categorically that the party dignation ir. the hall.) of the Soviet state. He worked to me by Vladimir Ilyich by per­ against the Trotskyites, right­ persons had made errors during very near future. members nor even of the mem­ should have passed resolutions We should recall that the sev­ out Bolshevik principles of party mission of the doctors, Stalin ists and bourgeois nationalists, Lenin's life, but despite this, bers of the Central Committee’s pertaining to the country’s de­ This was treason against the enteenth party congress is his­ direction and norms of party allowed himself yesterday an un­ and that it disarmed ideological­ Lenin benefited by their work, Political Bureau; often he did fense during the Patriotic War party and against the revolu­ torically known as the Congress life, stressing that the guiding usually rude outburst directed ly all the enemies of Leninism. he corrected them and he did not inform them about his per- [W orld War I I ] and to peace­ tion. In this Connection V. I. of Victors. Delegates to the principle of party leadership is at me. This is not my first duty This ideological fig h t was car­ everything possible to retain Lenin wrote: “ Kamenev and sonai decisions concerning very time construction after the war. congress were active partici­ its collegiality. .Already during to the party. During all these ried on successfully as a result them in the ranks of the party; important party and government Even after the end of the war Zinoviev revealed the decision of pants in the building of o.ir So­ the pre-revolutiopary years Lenin th irty years I have never heard of which the party became he induced them to follow him. matters. a congress was not convened for the Central Committee of their cialist state; many of them suf­ called the Central Committee of from any comrade one word of strengthened and tempered. Here party on the armed uprising to more than seven years. Stalin played a positive role. LENIN 'DIRECTIVE CULT OF THE INDIVIDUAL fered and fought fo r party in­ the party a collective of leaders rudeness. The business o f the [M .] Rodzyanko and [Alexander Central Committee plenums and the guardian and interpreter The party led a great political QUOTED terests during the pre-revolu­ party and of Ilyich are not less F.] Kerensky. * * * ” He put Considering the question of the were hardly ever called. I t should of party principles. “ During the ideological struggle against tionary years in the conspiracy dear to me than to Stalin. I In this connection the dele­ before the Central Committee cult of an individual we must be sufficient to mention that period between congresses,” those in its own ranks who pro­ and at the Civil war fronts; need at present the maximum of gates to the party congress the question of Zinoviev’s and firs t of all show everyone what during all the years of the pa­ pointed out Lenin, “ the Central posed anti-Leninist theses, who they fought their enemies val­ self-control. What one can and should familiarize themselves Kamenev’s expulsion from the harm this caused to the interests triotic war not a single Central Committee guards and interprets represented a political line hos­ iantly and often nervelessly what one cannot discuss with with an unpublished note by V.I. party. Committee plenum took place. tile to the party and to the cause of our party. looked into the face of death. the principles of the party.” Ilyich, I know better than any Lenin directed to the Central It is true that there was an at­ Underlining the role of the of socialism. This was a stub­ However, after the Great So­ Vladim ir Ilyich Lenin had al­ Iiow then can we believe that doctor, because I know what Committee’s Political Bureau in tempt to call a Central Commit­ born and a difficult fight but a cialist October Revolution, as is ways stressed the party’s role such people could prove to be Central Committee of the party makes him nervous and what October, 1920. Outlining the du­ tee plenum in October 1941, and its authority, Vladimir Ilyich necessary one, because the poli­ known, Zinoviev and Kamenev and significance in the direc­ “ two-faced” and had joined the does not; in any case, I know ties of the Control Commission, when Central Committee mem­ [Lenin] pointed out: “Our Cen­ tical line of both the Trotskyite- were given leading positions; tion of the Socialist govern­ camps of the enemies of social­ better than Stalin. 1 am turning Lenin wrote that the commission bers from the whole Country tral Committee constituted itself Zir.ovievite bloc and of the Buk- Lenin put them in positions in ment of workers and peasants; ism during the era after the to you and to Gregory [S. Zino­ should be transformed into a were called to Moscow. They as a closely centralized and high­ harinites [followers of Nikolai I. which they carried out most re­ he saw in this the chief precon­ political liquidation of Zinoviev­ viev] as to much closer com­ real “ organ of party and pro­ waited two days for the opening ly authoritative group.” Bukharin] led actually toward sponsible party tasks and par­ dition for a successful building ites, Trotskyites and rightists rades of V. I. and I beg of you letarian conscience.” of the plenum, but in vain. Sta­ During Lenin’s life the Central the restoration of capitalism and ticipated actively in the work of of socialism in our country. Point­ and after the great accomplish­ to protect me from rude inter­ As a special duty of the lin did not even want to meet Committee of the party was a capitulation to the world bour­ the leading party and Soviet or- ing to the great responsibility ments of Socialist construction? ference with my private life and Q # tro lw Commission there; is ¿¿ARS. J t is known that Zinoviev and to talk to_the Central Com­ real expression of- collective rifipm yfile invectives and threats. geoisie. ,, ¿ .. s „ of ttie Bolshevik party, as a rul­ This was the result of - the * recommended ao a deep,*on ihdivicT- Kamenev committed a num- mittee members. This fact shows leadership of the party and of I have no doubt as to what w ill Let us consider for a moment ing ‘ party in the Soviet state, abuse of power by Stalin, who uafized relationship with, and ber of other serious errors dur­ how demoralized Stalin was in the nation. Being a m ilitant what would have happened if in Lenin called fo r the most metic­ began to use mass terror against be the unanimous decision of the sometimes even a type of ing Lenin’s life. In his “testa­ the firs t months of the war and Marxist revolutionist, always Control Commission, with which 1928-1929 the political line of ulous observance of all norms the party cadres. therapy for, the representa­ ment” Lenin warned that “Zino­ how haughtily and disdainfully unyielding in matters of princi­ Stalin sees f i t to threaten me; rig ht deviation had prevailed of party life; he called fo r the What is the reason that mass tives of the so-called opposi­ viev’s and Kamenev’s October he treated the Central Commit­ ple, Lenin never imposed by however, I have neither the among us, or orientation toward realization of the principles of repressions against activists in­ tion, those who have experi­ episode was, of course, not an tee members. force his views upon his co­ strength nor the time to waste “ cottondress industrialization,” collegiality in the direction, of creased more and more after the enced a psychological crisis accident.” But Lenin did not In practice Stalin ignored the workers. He tried to convince; on this foolish quarrel. And I or toward the kulak [rich peas­ the party and the state. seventeenth party congress? It because of failure in their So­ pose the question of their arrest he patiently explained his opin­ am a living person and my ant] etc. We would not now Collegiality of leadership flows norms of party life and trampled was because at that time Stalin viet or party career. An ef­ and certainly not their shooting. ions to others. Lenin always d ili­ nerves are strained to the ut­ have a powerful heavy industry, from the very nature of our on the Leninist principle of col­ had so elevated himself above fo rt should be made to quiet lective party leadership. the party and above the nation gently observed that the norms most. we would not have the collective them, to explain the matter to party, a party built on the prin­ Stalin’s willfulness vis-a-vis that he ceased to consider either of party life were realized, that N. Krupskaya farms, we would find ourselves them in a way used among THE TROTSKYITE ISSUE ciples of democratic centralism. the party and its Central Com­ the Central Committee or the the party statute was enforced, Nadezhda Konstantinovna disarmed and weak in a capi­ comrades, to find fo r them “ This means,” said Lenin, “ that Or let us take the example mittee became fully evident after party. While he still reckoned that the party congresses and wrote this letter on- Dec. 23, talist encirclement. (avoiding the method of issu­ all party matters are accom­ of the Trotskyites. A t present, the seventeenth party congress, with the opinion of the collective the plenary sessions of the Cen­ 1922. A fter two and a half It was for this reason that the ing orders), a task for which plished by all party members, after a sufficiently long histor­ which took place in 1934. before the seventeenth congress, tral Committee took place at the months, in March, 1923, Vladi­ party led an inexorable ideologi­ they are psychologically fitted. directly or through representa­ ical period, we Can speak about tives, who without any excep­ after the complete political proper intervals. m ir Ilyich Lenin sent Stalin the cal fig h t and explained to all Advice and rules relating to IN .1 U STICKS IN V KST1GATED the fight with the Trotskyites liquidation of the Trotskyites, In addition to the great ac­ following letter: party members and to the non- this matter are to be formu­ tions, are subject to the same with complete calm and can ana­ Zinovievites and Bukharinites, complishments of V. I. Lenin for To Comrade Stalin: party masses the harm and the lated by the Central Commit­ rules; in addition, all adminis­ Having at its disposal numer­ lyze this matter with sufficient trative members, all directing when as a result of that fig h t the victory of the working class Copies fo r: Kamenev and danger of the anti-Leninist pro­ tee’s Organizational Bureau, ous data showing brutal willful­ objectivity. After all, around and Socialist victories the party and of the working peasants, for Zinoviev. posals of the Trotskyite opposi­ etc. collegia, all holders of party po­ ness toward party cadres, the Trotsky were people whose ori­ achieved unity, Stalin Ceased to the victory of our party and for Dear Comrade Stalin! tion and the rig htist opportu­ Everyone knows how irrecon­ sitions are elective, they must Central Committee had created the application of the ideas of gin cannot by any means be an ever greater degree to con­ Your permitted yourself a nists. And this great work of cilable Lenin was with the ideo­ account for their activities and a party commission under the traced to bourgeois society. sider the Vnembers of the party’s scientific communism to life, his rude summons of my wife to explaining the party line bore logical enemies of Marxism, with are recallable.” control of the Central Commit­ acute mind expressed itself also the telephone and a rude rep­ Part of them belonged to the I t is known that Lenin him­ tee’s Presidium; it was charged Central Committee and even the fru it; both the Trotskyites and! those who deviated from the cor- members of the Political Bureau. in this that he detected in Stalin rimand of her. Despite the party intelligentsia and a cer­ self offered an example of the with investigating what made the rightist opportunists were rect party line. A t the same Stalin thought that now he in time those negative charac­ fact that she told you that politically isolated; the over­ tain part were recruited from most careful observance of these possible the mass repressions time, however, Lenin, as is evi­ could decide all things alone and teristics which resulted later in she agreed to forget what was among the workers. principles. There was no matter against the m ajority of the Cen­ whelming party majority sup­ dent from the given document, all he needed were statisticians; grave consequences. said, nevertheless Zinoviev and We can name many individuals so important that Lenin himself tral Committee members and ported the Leninist line and the in his practice of directing the he treated all others in such a Kamenev heard about it from who in their time joined the decided it without asking for candidates elected at the seven­ STALIN CHARACTERIZED party was able to awaken and party demanded the most in ti­ way that they could only listen her. I have no intention to Trotskyites; however, these same advice and approval of the hia- teenth congress of the A ll-U n­ BY LENIN organize the working masses to mate party contact with people to and praise him. forget so easily that which is apply the Leninist party line who had shown indecision or individuals took an active part jority of the Central Committee ion Communist party (Bolshe­ Fearing the future fate of the being done against me, and and to build socialism. temporary nonconformity with in the workers’ movement before members or of the members of viks). THE KIROV PURGES the revolution, during the Social­ party and of the Soviet nation, I need not stress here that I Worth noting is the fact that the party line, but whom it was the Central Committee’s Politi­ The commission has become A fter the criminal murder of ist October Revolution itself, and V. I. Lenin made a completely consider as directed against even during the progress of the possible to return to the party cal Bureau. acquainted with a large quantity Sergei M. Kirov, mass repres­ me that which is being done also in the consolidation of the correct characterization of Sta­ furious ideological fight against path. Lenin advised that such In the most d ifficu lt period of materials in the N. K. V. D. sions and brutal acts of viola­ victory of this greatest of revo­ lin, pointing out that it was against my wife. I ask you, the Trotskyites, the Zinovievites, people should be patiently edu­ fo r our party and our country, [secret police] archives and with tion of - Socialist legality began. lutions. Many of them broke necessary to consider the ques­ therefore, that you weigh care­ the Bukharinites and others, cated without the application of Lenin considered it necessary other documents and has estab­ On the evening of Dec. 1, 1934, with Trotskyism and returned to tion of transferring Stalin from fu lly whether you are agree­ extreme repressive measures extreme methods. regularly to convoke congresses, lished many facts pertaining to on Stalin’s initiative (without able to retracting your words Leninist positions. Was it neces­ the position of the Secretary were not used against them. The Lenin’s wisdom in dealing with party conferences, and plenary the fabrication of cases against the' approval of the Political and apologizing or whether sary to annihilate such people? Communists, to false accusa­ General because of the fact that fig h t was on ideological grounds. people was evident in his work sessions of the Central Commit­ Bureau, which was passed two We are deeply convinced that Stalin is excessively rude, that you prefer the severance of re­ But some years later when so­ with cadres. tee at which all the most im­ tions, to glaring abuses of So­ days later. Casually) the secre­ had Lenin lived such an extreme cialist legality which resulted in he does not have a proper a tti­ lations between us. cialism in our country was An entirely different relation­ portant questions were discussed tary of the Presidium of the (Commotion in the hall.) method would not have been the death of innocent people. It tude toward his comrades, that fundamentally constructed, when ship with people characterized and where resolutions, carefully Central Executive Committee, Sincerely, used against many of them. he is capricious and abuses his the exploiting classes were gen­ Stalin. Lenin’s traits — patient worked out by the collective became apparent that many par­ Abel S. Yenukidze, signed the Lenin Such are only a few historical ty, Goveimment and economic power. erally liquidated, when the So­ work with people; stubborn and leaders, were approved. following directive: facts. But can it be said that activists who were branded in In December, 1922, in a letter March 5 1923 viet social structure had radical­ painstaking education of them; 1. Investigative agencies are Lenin did not decide to use even YEAR OF INTERVENTION 1937-38 as ‘‘enemies,” were actu­ to the party congress Vladim ir Comrades! I w ill not comment ly changed, when the sodal basis the ability to induce people to directed to speed up the cases the most severe means against Uyich wrote: “ A fter taking over| on these documents. They speak for political movements and follow him without using com­ We can recall, fo r an example, ally never enemies, spies, wreck­ of those accused of the prepa­ enemies of the revolution when the position of Secretary General eloquently fo r themselves. Since groups hostile to the party had pulsion, but rather through the the year 1918 when the country ers, etc., but were always honest ration or execution of acts of Comrade Stalin accumulated in Stalin could behave in this man violently contracted, when the ideological influence on them of this was actually necessary? No, was threatened by the attack of Communists. terror. no one can say this. Vladim ir They were only so stigmatized his hands immeasurable power ner during Lenin’s life, could ideological opponents of the the whole collective — were en­ the imperialistic interventionists. 2. Judicial organs- are di­ Ilyich demanded uncompromising and I am not certain whether he thus behave toward Nadezhda party were long since defeated tirely foreign to Stalin. He [Sta­ In this situation the seventh and often, no longer able to bear rected not to hold up the dealings with the enemies of the barbaric tortures, they charged w ill be always able to use this Konstantinovna Krupskaya, whom politically, then the repression lin] discarded the Leninist meth­ party congress was convened in execution of death sentences revolution and of the working themselves (at the. order of the power with the required care.” the party knows well and directed against them began. od of convincing and educating: order to discuss a vita lly impor­ pertaining to crimes of this class and when necessary re­ investigative judges—falsifiers) This letter, a political docu­ values highly as a loyal friend he abandoned the method of tant matter which could not be category in order to consider REPRESSIVE POLICY sorted ruthlessly to such meth­ ment of tremendous importance, of Lenin and as an active fight­ ideological struggle fo r that of postponed, the matter of peace. with all kinds of grave and un­ the possibility of pardon, be­ STARTS ods. likely crimes. The commission known in the party history as er for the cause of the party administrative violence, mass re­ In 1919, while the Civil War was cause the Presidium of the Lenin’s “ testament,” was dis- since its creation, we can easily It was precisely during this pressions, and terror. He acted You need only recall V. I. raging, the eighth party con­ has presented to the Central Central 'Executive Committee Committee Presidium lengthy tributed among the delegates to imagine.how Stalin treated oth­ period (1935-1937-1938) that the on an increasingly larger scale Lenin’s fight with the Socialist gress convened, adopted a new of the U. S. S. R. does not the twentieth party congress. er people. These negative char­ practice of mass repression and more stubbornly through Revolutionary organizers of the party program and decided such and documented materials per­ consider as possible the re­ You have read it, and w ill un­ acteristics of his developed through the Government appara­ punitive organs, at the same anti-Soviet uprising, with the important matters as the rela­ taining to mass repressions ceiving of petitions of this against the delegates to the sev­ doubtedly read it again more steadily and during the last tus was born, firs t against the time often violating all existing counter-revolutionary kulaks in tionship with the peasant mass­ sort. than once. You might reflect on years acquired an absolutely enemies of Leninism — Trotsky­ norms of morality and of Soviet 1918 and w ith others, when es, the organization of the Red enteenth party congress and 3. The organs of the Com­ Lenin’s plain words, in which ex- insufferable character. ites, Zinovievites, Bukharinites, laws. Lenin without hesitation used Army, the leading role of the against members of the Central missariat of Internal Affairs the most extreme methods Committee elected at that, con­ pression is given ^ J la d im ir A L IN ’S ABUSE OF POWER long since politically defeated by Arbitrary behavior by one party in the work of the Soviets, are directed to execute the Ilyichs anxiety concerning the the party, and subsequently also person encouraged and permit­ against the enemies. Lenin used the correction of the social com­ gress. These materials have been death sentences against crim­ party, the people, the state, and As later events have proven, against many honest Commu­ ted arbitrariness in others. Mass such methods, however, .only position of the party, and other studied by the Presidium of the inals of the above-mentioned the future direction of party Lenin’s anxiety was justified: in nists, against those party cadres arrests and deportations of against actual class enemies and matters. Central Committee. category immediately after not against those who blunder, policy. the firs t period after Lenin’s who had borne the heavy load i many thousands of people, exe- In 1920 the ninth party con­ 98 OF 139 EXECUTED the passage of sentences. Vladim ir Ilyich said: “ Stalin is death Stalin still paid attention of the Civil War and the first; cution without trial and without who err, and whom i t was pos­ gress was convened, which laid I* This directive became the excessively rude, and this de­ to his [Lenin’s] advice, but later and most difficult years of in­ normal investigation created sible to lead through ideological down guiding principles pertain­ I t was determined that of the basis fo r mass acts of abuse fect; which can be freely toler- he began to disregard the seri- dustrialization and collectiviza­ conditions of insecurity, fear influence, and even retain in the ing to the party’s work in the 139 members and candidates of against Socialist legality. Dur­ ated in our midst and in con- ous admonitions of Vladim ir tion, who actively fought against and even desperation. leadership. sphei-e of economic construction. I the party’s Centra! Committee ing many of the fabricated court tacts among us Communists, be­ Ilyich. the Trotskyites and the rightists This, of course, did not con­ Lenin used severe methods In 1921, the tenth party congress who were elected at the seven- cases the accused were charged comes a defect which cannot be When we analyze the practice for the Leninist party line, tribute toward unity of the only in the most necessary cases, accepted Lenin’s New Economic teenth , congress, ninety-eight! with “the preparation” of ter­ tolerated in one holding the po­ of Stalin in regard to the direc- Stalin originated the concept party ranks and of all strata of | when the exploiting classes were Policy and the historical resolu­ persons, i.e., 70 per cent, were roristic acts; this deprived them sition of the Secretary General. tion of the party and of th e , “ enemy of the people.” This term working people, but, on the con-. still in existence and were vigor- tion called, “ About Party Uni- arrested and shot (mostly in of any possibility that their Because of this, I propose that: country, when we pause to con-! automatically rendered it unnec-1 trary, brought about annihila- ou sly opposing the revolution, j ty.” 1937-38). (Indignation in the cases might be re-examined, the comrades consider the meth- sider everything which S talin' essary that the ideological er- tion and the expulsion from the| when the struggle fo r survival: During Lenin’s life party con-1 ball.) od by which Stalin would be re- perpetrated, we must be con-1 rors of a man or men engaged! party of workers who were loyal was decidedly assuming the' gresses were convened regularly;| What was the composition of (Continued on page 4) Page Four T H E MILITANT Monday, June 11, 1956

always agreed with the party ner were fabricated the '“cases” state security, outdid itself in Using such tactics the Soviet policy pertaining to all spheres against eminent party and state proving the guilt of the arrested Army, supposedly, thanks only of economic and Cultural ac­ workers — Kosior, Chubar, and the truth of materials which to IStalin’s genius, turned to the ... Text of Khrushchevs Speech tivity.” Postyshev, Kosaryev, and others. it falsified. offensive and subdued the en­ This declaration of Rudzutak In those years repressions on And what proofs were offer­ emy. The epic victory gained a mass scale were applied which ed? The confessions of the ar­ through the armed might of the ■ y was ignored, despite the fact (Continued from page 3) resistance of the exploiting ber of the Party Control Com­ of People’s Commissars be­ that Rudzutak was in his time were based on nothing tangible rested, and the investigative Land of the Soviets, through our mission, “ it is necessary to call cause correct resolutions of the chief of the Central Control and which resulted in heavy judges accepted these ‘ ‘confes­ heroic people, is ascribed in this evèn when they stated before classes, and this referred to the a Central Committee Plenum and the Central Committee of the Commission, which was called cadre losses to the party. sions.” And how is it possible type of novel, film and “ scien­ the court that their ‘'confes­ era when the exploiting classes to invite to the Plenum all Cen­ All-Union Communist party into being in accordance with The vicious practice was con­ that a person confesses to crimes tific study” as being completely sions ” Were secured by force, existed and were powerful. As tral Corimiitlee candidate mem­ (Bolsheviks) and of the Coun­ Lenin’s concept fo r the purpose doned of having the N. K. V. D. which he has not committed ? due to the strategic genius of and when, in a convincing mari­ soon as the nation’s political bers and all members of the cil of People’s Commissars of fighting for party unity. In prepare lists of persons whose Only in one way — because of Stalin. ner; they disproved the accusa- situation had improved, when in January, 1920, the Red Army Party Control Commission” ; only which were not made on my this manner fell the chief of this cases were under the jurisdic­ application of physical methods tióriS against them. I We have to analyze this mat­ if two-thirds of thé members of initiative and without my par­ highly authoritative party organ, tion of the Military Collegium of pressuring him, tortures, It must be asserted that to took Rostov and thus won a ter carefully because it has a such à general assembly of re­ ticipation are presented as hos­ a- victim of brutal willfulness: he and whose sentences were pre­ bringing him to a state of un­ this day the circumstances sur­ most important victory over tremendous significance n o t sponsible party leaders find it tile acts of counter-revolution­ was not even called before the pared in advance. Yezhov would consciousness, deprivation of his rounding Kirov’s murder hide [Anton I.] Denikin, Lenin in­ only from the historical, but necessary, only then can a Cen­ ary organizations made at my Central Committee’s Political send these lists to Stalin, per­ judgment, taking away of his many things which are inex­ structed [F’elix E.] Dzherzhin- especially from the political, ed­ tral Committee member or can­ suggestion. Bureau because Stalin did not sonally fo r his approval of the human dignity. In this manner plicable and mysterious and sky to stop mass terror and ucational and practical point of didate be expelled. ‘‘I am now alluding to the want to talk to him. Sentence proposed punishment. In 1937- were “ confessions” acquired. demand a most careful examin­ abolish the death penalty. Lenin view. justified this important report most disgraceful part of my was pronounced on him in twen­ 1938, 383 such lists containing ation. There are reasons fo r ILLEGAL OUSTERS tORTURE DEFENDED What are the facts of this at the session of the All-Union life and to my really grave ty minutes and he was shot. the names of many thousands of the suspicion that the killer of CHARGED BY STALIN matter? Central Executive Committee g u ilt against the party and (Indignation in the hall.) party, Soviet, Komsomol, Army Kirov, [Leonid V.] Nikolayev, Before the war our press and Feb. 2, 1920. against you. This is my con­ After careful examination of and economic workers were sent was assisted by someone from The m ajority of the Central When the wave of mass ar­ all our political - educational Committee members and candi­ fession of counter-revolution­ the case in 1955 it was estab­ to Stalin. He approved these rests began to recede in 1939, among the people whose duty it ‘‘We were forced to use ter­ ary activity. . . The case is lished that the accusation against lists. work was characterized by its was ‘to protect the person of dates elected at the seventeenth and the leaders of territorial ror because of the terror as follows: not being able to Rudzutak was false and that it bragging tone: when an enemy Kirov. A month and a half be­ congress and arrested in 1937- party organizations began to practiced by the Entente, when suffer the tortures to which I was based on slanderous mate­ CASES NOW BEING violates the holy Soviet soil, fore the killing, Nikolayev was 1938 were expelled from the accuse the ‘N. K. V. D, workers strong world powers threw was submitted by Ushakov and rials. Rudzutak has been re­ REVIEWED then for every blow of the en­ arrested on the ground of sus­ their hordes against us, not party illegally through the of using methods of physical Nikolayev — and especially habilitated posthumously. emy we w ill answer with three picious behavior, but he was re­ brutal abuse of the party stat­ A large part of these cases pressure on the arrested, Stalin avoiding any type of conduct. , by the first one — who utiliz­ The way in which the former blows and we will battle the leased and not even searched. ute, because the question of are being reviewed now and a dispatched a coded telegram We would not hqve lasted two ed the knowledge that my N. K. V. D. workers manufac­ enemy on his soil and we w ill It is an unusually suspicious their expulsion was never stud­ great part of them are being Jan. 20, 1939, to the committee days had we not answered broken ribs have not properly tured various fictitious “anti- win without much harm to our­ circumstance that when the ied at the Central Committee voided because they were base­ secretaries of oblasts and krais, these attempts of. officers and mended and have caused me Soviet centers” and “ blocs” with selves. But these positive state­ Chekist [secret police member] Plenum. less and falsified. Suffice it to to the Central Committees of White Guardists in a merciless great pain — I have been forc­ the help of provocatory methods ments were not based in all assigned to protect Kirov was Now when the cases of some say that from 1954 to the pres­ republic Communist parties, to fashion; this meant the use of ed to accuse myself and others. is seen from the confession of areas on concrete facts, which being brought for an interroga­ of these so-called “ spies” and ent time the Military Collegium the Peoples Commissars of In ­ terror, but this was forced “ The m ajority of my confes­ Comrade Rozenblum, party mem­ would actually guarantee the im-. tion, on Dec. 2, 1934, he was “ saboteurs” were (examined it of the Supreme Court has re­ ternal A ffairs and to the heads upon us by the terrorist meth­ sion has been suggested or ber since 1906, who was arrested munity of our borders. killed in a car “ accident” in was found that all their Cases habilitated 7,6<79 persons, many of N. K. V. D. organizations. ods of the Entente. dictated by Ushakov, and the in 1937 by the Leningrad which no other occupants of the were fabricated. Confessions of of whom were rehabilitated post­ This telegram stated: STALIN’S EXCUSE “ But as soon as we attained remainder is my reconstruc­ ,N. K. V. D. car were harmed. A fte r the g uilt of many arrested and humously. “ The Central Committee of DISPUTED a decisive victory, even before tion of NKVD materials from murder of Kirov, top function­ charged with enemy activity During the examination in Mass arrests of party, Soviet, the All-Union Communist the end of the war, immediate­ Western Siberia for which I aries of the Leningrad N.K.V.D. were gained with the help of 1955 of the Komarov case, Ro­ economic and m ilitary workers party (Bolsheviks) explains During the war and after the ly after taking Rostov, we assumed all responsibility. If were given very light sentences, cruel and inhuman tortures. zenblum revealed the following caused tremendous harm to our that the application of meth­ war Stalin put forward the thesis- gave up the use of the death some part of the story which but in 1937 they wére shot. We At the same time Stalin, as fact: When Rozenblum was ar country and to the cause of So­ ods of physical pressure in that the tragedy which our na-. penalty and thus proved that Ushakov fabricated and which can assume that they were shot we have been informed by mem­ rested in 1937 he was subject­ cialist advancement. N. K. V. D. practice is per-' tion experienced in the firs t p art we intend to execute our own t Sighed did not properly hang ed to terrible torture, during missible from 1937 on in ac­ of the war was the result of he in order to cover the traces of program in the manner that bers of the Political Bureau of Mass repressions had a nega­ together, I was forced to sign which he was ordered to confess cordance with permission of “ unexpected” attack of the- the organizers of Kirov’s killing. we promised. We say that the that time, did not show them tive influence on the moral-po­ another Variation. The same false information concerning the Central Committee of the Germans against the Soviet- Mass repressions grew tre­ application of violence flows the statements of many accused litical condition of the party, thing was done to Rukhimo- himself and other persons. He All-Union Communist party Union. But, Comrades, this is 1 mendously from the end Of 1936 out of the decision to smother political activists when they re­ Created a situation of uncer­ vich, Who Was at firs t desig­ was then brought to the office (Bolsheviks). It is known that completely untrue. after a telegram from Stalin the exploiters, the big land- tracted their confessions before tainty, contributed to the nated as a member of the re­ of Leonid Zakovsky, who offered all 'bourgeois intelligence serv­ As soon as H itler came to and [Andrei A .] Zhdanov, dated owners and the capitalists; as the m ilitary tribunal and asked spreading of unhealthy suspi­ from Sochi Sept. 25, 1936, was for an objective examination of serve net' and whose name him freedom on condition that cion, and sowed distrust among ices use methods of physical power in Germany he assigned'- soon as this was accomplished la te t Was removed without addressed to [Lazar M.] Kagan­ their cases. There were many he make before the court a false Communists. A ll Sorts of slan­ influence against the represen­ to himself the task of liquidat­ we gave up the use of all, ex­ telling me anything about it; ovich, [Vyacheslav M.] Molotov such declarations, and Stalin confession fabricated in 1937 by derers and careerists were ac­ tatives of the Socialist prole­ ing communism. The Fascists' traordinary methods. We have tbe samè was also done with and other members of the Politi­ doubtlessly knew of them. the N.K.V.D. concerning “ sabo­ tive. ta ria t and that they use them were saying this openly; they proved this in practice.” the Ifeader of the reserve net, cal Bureau. The content of the The Central Committee Con­ tage, espionage, and diversion Resolutions of the January in their most scandalous forms. did not hide their plans. To at-; Stalin deviated from these supposedly created by Buk­ in a terroristic center in Lenin­ telegram was as follows: siders it absolutely necessary to Plenum of the Central Commit­ “ The question arises as to tain this aggressive end all sorts* clear and plain precepts o f Lenin. harin in 1935. At first I wrote grad.” (Movement in the hall.) “ We deem it absolutely nec­ inform the congress of many tee, All-Union Communist party why the Socialist intelligence of pacts and blocs were created; Stalin put the party and the ihy name in, and then I was With unbelievable cynicism Za­ essary and urgent that Com­ such fabricated “cases” against (Bolsheviks), in 1938 had service should be more hu­ such as the famous Berlin-Rome-' N. K. V. D. up to the use of instructed to insert Mezhlauk. kovsky told about the vile “ me- rade [Nikolai I.] Yezhov be the members of the party’s Cen­ brought some measure of im ­ manitarian against the mad Tokyo Axis. Many facts from mass terror when the exploiting There were other similar in­ dianism” for the crafty creation nominated to the post of ^Peo­ tral Committee elected at the provement to the party organi­ agents of the bourgeoisie, the pre-war period clearly- classes had been liquidated in cidents. of fabricated ‘‘anti-Soviet plots.” ple’s Commissar fo r Internal seventeenth party congress. zations. However, widespread against the deadly enemies of showed that H itler was going our country and when there “ I am asking and begging “ In order to illustrate it to Affairs. [Heftryk G.] Yagoda An example of vile provoca­ repression also existed in 1938. the working class and of the all out to begin a war against were no serious reasons fo r the you that you again examine me,” stated Rozenblum, “ Za­ has definitely proved himself tion, of odious falsification and Only because our party has collective farm workers. The the Soviet state and that he had- use of extraordinary mass ter­ my ease and this not fo r the kovsky gave me several possible to be incapable of unmasking of criminal violation of revolu­ at its disposal such great moral- Central Committee of the All- concentrated larged armed units; ror. purpose of sparing me but in variants of the organization of the Trotskyite-Zinovievite bloc. tionary legality is the case of political strength was it possible Union Communist party (Bol­ together with armored units; This terror was actually di­ order to unmask the vile prov­ this center and of its branches. The O. G. P. U. is four years the former candidate fo r the for it to survive the difficult sheviks) considers that physi­ near the Soviet borders. rected not at the remnants of ocation which like a snake After he detailed the organiza­ behind in this matter. This is Cèntfal Committee Political Bu­ events in 1937-1938 and to edu­ cal pressure should still be Documents which have now' the defeated exploiting classes wound itself around many per­ tion, Zakovsky told me that the noted by all party workers and reau, one of the most eminent cate new cadres. There is, how­ used obligatorily, as an ex­ been published show that by but against the honest workers sons in a great degree due to >N. K. V. D. would prepare the by the m ajority of the repre­ workers of the party and of the ever, no doubt that our march ception applicable to known April 3, 1941 [Sir Winston] of the party and of the Soviet my meanness and criminal case of this center, remarking sentatives pf the N. K. V. D.” Soviet Government, Comrade forward toward socialism and and obstinate enemies of the Churchill, through his Ambas­ state; against them were made slander. I have never betrayed that the trial would be public. Strictly speaking we should Robert I. Eikhe, who was a par­ toward the preparation of the people, as a method both justi­ sador to the U. S. S. R. [S ir lying, slanderous and absurd ac­ you or the party. I know that “Before the court were to be stress that Stalin did not meet ty member since 1905, (Com­ country’s defense would have fiable and appropriate.” Stafford], Cripps, personally' cusations concerning ‘two-faced­ motion in the hall.) I perish because o f vile and brought four or five members ■With and therefore could not ness,” “ espionage,” ‘‘sabotage,” mean work of the enemies of been much more successful were Thus, Stalin had sanctioned in warned Stalin that the Germans Comrade Eikhe was arrested of this center: Chudov, Ugarov, know the opinion of party work­ preparation of fictitious “plots,” the party and of the people, it not fo r the tremendous loss the name of the Central Com­ had begun regrouping theiru A pril 29, 1938 on the basis of Smorodin, Pozern, Shaposhniko- ers. etc. who fabricated the provoca- Va [Chudov’s w ife] and -others, in the cadres suffered .as a re­ mittee of the All-Union Com: armed units with the intent of slanderous materials, without sult of the baseless and false munist party (Bolsheviks)’’ the” This Stalinist formulation that tion against me.” together with two or three 'attacking the 'Soviet Union. I t STALIN’S COURSE the sanction of the prosecutor the “ N. K. V. D. [term used in ­ I t would appear that such an members from the branches of mass repressions in 1937-1938. most.brutal violation of Socialist is self-evident that Churchill did of the U. S. S. R., which was terchangeably with 0. G. P. U.] QUESTIONED important declaration was worth this center. , . . We are justly accusing Ye- legality, torture and oppression, not do .this at all because of his- is four years behind” in apply­ fin ally received fifteen months zhov fo r the degenerate practices Which led as we have seen to friendly feeling toward the So-- At the February-March Cen­ an examination by the Central “The case of the Leningrad ing mass repression and that after the arrest. of 1937. But we have to answer the slandering and self-accusa­ viet nation. 5 tral Committee Flenum in 1937 Corfimittee. This, however, was center has to be built solidly there is a necessity fo r “ catch- these questions: Could Yezhov tion of innocent people. He had in this his own im­ many members actually ques­ Investigation of Eikhe’s case not done and the declaration was and fo r this reason witnesses ihg up” with the neglected work was made in a manner, which have arrested Kosior, fo r in­ perialistic goals— to bring Ger­ tioned the rightness of the estab­ transmitted to Beria while the are needed. Social origin (of Not long ago, only several directly pushed the N. K, V. D. most brutally violated Soviet stance, without the knowledge of many and the U. S. S. R. into a lished course regarding mass re­ terrible maltreatment of the course, in the past) and the days before the present congress, workers on the path of mass legality and was accompanied Stalin ? Was there an exchange 'bloody war and thereby to pressions under the pretext of Political Bureau candidate, Com­ party standing of the witness we called to the Central Com­ arrests and executions. by willfulness and falsification. rade Eikhe, continued. of opinions or a Political Bureau mittee Presidium session and strengthen the position of the combatting “ two-facedness.” will play more than a small decision concerning this? Noy We should state that this Comrade [Pavel P.] Postyshev Eikhe was forced under tor­ On Feb. 2, 1940, Eikhe was role. interrogated the investigative British Empire. Just the same,' ture to sign ahead of time a there was not, as there was none formulation was also forced on most ably expressed these brought before the court. Here judge Rodos, who in his time Churchill affirmed in his writ­ protocol of his confession pre­ regarding other cases of this the February-March plenary ses­ doubts. He said: he did not confess any guilt and N.K.V.D. INSTRUCTIONS investigated and interrogated ings that he sought to “warn" pared by the investigative type. Could Yezhov have decided sion of the Central Committee “ I have philosophized that the said as follows: QUOTED Kosior, Chubar and Kosaryev. Stalin and call his attention to judges, in which he and several such important matters as the of the All-Union Communist severe, years of fighting have “ In all the so-called confes­ He is a vile person, with the the danger which threatened other eminent party workers “ You, yourself,” said Zakov­ fate of such eminent party fig­ party (Bolsheviks) in 1937. The passed, party members who sions of mine there is not one brain of a bird, and morally com­ him.” were accused of anti-Soviet ac­ sky, “will not need to invent ures? plenary resolution approved it on have lost their backbones have letter written by me with the pletely degenerate. And it was Churchill stressed this re­ tivity. anything. The N. K. V. D. w ill the basis of Yezhov’s report, broken down or have joined exception of my signatures BLAME PLACED this man who was deciding the peatedly in his dispatches of" “ Lessons flowing from the harm­ prepare fo r you a ready outline the camp of the enemy; On Oct. 1, 1939, Eikhe sent under the protocols which were for every branch of the center; ON STALIN fate of- prominent party workers; A p ril 18 and in the following fu l activity, diversion and espio­ his declaration to Stalin in which healthy elements have fought forced from me. I have made you w ill have to study it care­ he was making judgments also days. However, Stalin took no nage of the Japanese-German- he categorically denied his guilt No, it would be a display of for the party. These were the my confession under pressure fu lly and to remember well all concerning the politics in these heed of these warnings. What is Trotskyite agents,” stating: and asked for an examination naivete to consider this the work years of industrialization and ftom the investigative judge questions and answers which matters, because having estab­ more, Stalin ordered that no' of his case. In the declaration of Yezhov alone. I t is clear that “The Plenum of the Central collectivization. I never thought who from the time of my ar­ the court might ask. This case lished their “crime,” he provided credence be given to information ‘ he wrote: these matters were decided by Committee of the All-Union it possible that after this se­ rest tormented me. After that will be ready in four-five therewith materials from which of this sort, in order not to pro-' “There is no more bitter mis­ Stalin, and that without his or­ Communist party (Bolsheviks) vere era had passed Karpov I began to w rite all this non­ months, or perhaps a half year. important political implications voke the initiation of m ilitary ery than to sit in the jail of a ders and his sanction Yezhov considers that all facts re­ and people like him would find sense. The most important During all this time you will be could be drawn. operations. government fo r which I have could not have done this. vealed during the investiga­ themselves in the camp of the thing for me is to tell the preparing yourself so that you The question arises whether a We must assert that informa­ always fought.” We have examined the cases tion into the matter of an enemy. [Karpov was a worker court, the party and Stalin w ill not compromise the inves­ rhan with such ah intellect could tion of this sort concerning the and have rehabilitated Kosior, anti-Soviet Trotskyite center in the Ukrainian Central Com­ that I am not guilty. I have tigation and yourself. Your alone make the investigation in threat of German armed invasion SECOND DECLARATION Rudzutak, Postyshev, Kosaryev and of its followers in the mittee whom Postyshev never been guilty of any future w ill depend on how the a manner to prove the guilt of of Soviet territory was coming CITÈD and others. For what causes provinces show that the Peo­ knew well.] And now, accord­ conspiracy. I w ill die believing trial goes and on its results. If people such as Kosior and others. in also from our own m ilitary were they arrested and sen­ ple’s Commissariat of Internal ing to the testimony, it appears A second declaration of Eikhe in the truth of party policy you begin to lie and to testify No, he could not have done it and diplomatic sources; however, tenced ? The. review of evidence A ffairs has fallen behind at that Karpov was recruited in has been preserved which he as I have believed in it during falsely, blame yourself. I f you Without proper directives. At because the leadership was con­ shows that there was no reason least four years in the attempt 1934 by the Trotskyites. I per­ sent to Stalin Oct. 27, 1939. In my whole life.” manage to endure it, you w ill the Central Committee Presid­ ditioned against such informa­ fo r this. They, like many others, to unmask these most inexora­ sonally do not believe that in it he cited facts very convincing­ On Feb. 4 Eikhe was shot. I t save your head and we w ill feed ium session he told us: “I Was tion, such data were dispatched were arrested without the prose­ ble enemies of the people.” 1934 an honest party member ly and Countered the slanderous has been definitely established and clothe you at the govern­ told that Kosior and Chubar with fear and assessed w ith re­ cutor’s knowledge. . The mass repressions at this who had trod the long road of accusations made against him now that Eikhe’s case was fab­ ment’s cost until your death.” were people’s enemies and for servation. time were made under the slo­ In, such a situation there is no unrelenting fight against ene­ arguing that this provocatory ricated; he has been posthu­ This is the kind of vile things this reason, I, as an investiga­ Thus, fo r instance, information gan of a fight against the Trot­ need fo r any sanction, fo r what mies for the party and fo r so­ accusation was on the one hand mously rehabilitated. which were then practiced. tive judge, had to make them sent from Berlin May 6, 1944 by skyites. Did the Trotskyites at sort of a sanction could there be cialism, would now be in the the work of real Trotskyites (Movement in the hall.) confess that they are enemies.” thè Soviet m ilitary attaché, this time actually constitute Comrade [Yan E.] Rudzutak, when Stalin decided everything? camp of the enemies. I do not whose arrests he had sanctioned (Indignation in the hall.) Capt. Vorontsov, stated: such a danger to our party and candidate tnëtriber of the Politi­ Even more widely was the He was the chief prosecutor in believe it. . . I cannot imagine as First Secretary of the West cal Bufèaù, rhèmbér of the party falsification of cases practiced He could do this only through “ Soviet citizen Bozer . . . to thè Soviet state? We should how it would be possible to these cases. Stalin not only Siberian Krai Party Committee sin fee 1905, who spent ten years in the provinces. The N.K.V.D. long tortures, which he did, re­ communicated to the deputy recall that in 1927 on the eve travel with the party during agreed to, but on his own initia ­ and who conspired to take re­ in a Czarist hard-labor camp, headquarters of the Sverdlovsk ceiving detailed instructions naval Attaché that according of thè fifteenth party congress the d ifficu lt years and then, in tive, issued arrest orders. We venge on him, and, on the other completely retracted in court Oblast "discovered” the so-called from Beria. • We must say that to a statement of a certain only about 4,000 votes were cast 1934, join the Trotskyites. It must say this so that the dele­ hand, the result of the base fa l­ thè Confession which was forced “Ural uprising staff” — an or­ at the Central Committee Pre­ German officer from H itler’s for the Trotskyite-Zinovievite op­ is an odd thing.” (Movement sification of materials by the in­ gates to the congress can clearly from him. Thè protocol of the gan of the bloc of rightists, sidium session he cynically de­ Headquarters, Germany is pre­ position, while there were 724,- in the hall). vestigative judges. Eikhe wrote undertake and themselves assess session of the Collegium of the Trotskyites, Socialist Revolu­ clared: “I thought that I was paring to invade the U. S. S. R. 000 for the party line. During Using Stalin’s formulation, in his declaration: this and draw the proper conclu­ the ten years that passed be­ Supreme Military Court contains tionaries, church leaders—whose sions. executing the orders. of the May 14 through Finland, the namely that the closer we are to “ 6n Oct. 25 of this year I the following statement by Rud­ chief supposedly was the Sec­ Baltic countries and Latvia. tween, the fifteenth party con­ socialism the more enemies we Facts prove that many abuses party.” In this manner Stalin’s was informed that the investi­ zutak : retary of the Sverdlovsk Oblast A t the same time Moscow and gress and the Fébruary-March w ill have, and using the resolu­ gation in my case has been were made on Stalin’s orders orders concerning the use of Party Committee and member methods of physical pressure Leningrad will be heavily Central Coinmitteé Plenum, Trot­ tion of the February-March Cen­ concluded and I was given ac­ “ The only plea which he without reckoning with any of the Central Committee, A ll- against the arrested were in raided and paratroopers skyism was completely disarm­ tra] Committee Plenum passed cess to the materials of this places before the court is that norms of party and Soviet legal­ ed; many former Trotskyites the Centrai Committee of the Union Communist party (Bol­ ity. Stalin was a very distrust­ practice executed. landed in border cities.” on the basis of Yezhov’s report investigation. Had I been sheviks), Kabakov, who had had changed their form er views —the provocateurs who had in­ All-Union Communist party fu l man, sickly suspicious; we These and many other facts In his report of May 22, 1941, guilty of only one-hundredth been ai party member since 1914. and worked ih the various sec­ filtrated the state security or­ (Bolsheviks) be informed that knew this from our work with show that all norms of correct the deputy m ilitary attaché in of the crimes with which I am ' The investigative materials of tors building socialism. I t is gans together w ith conscience­ charged, I Would not have there is in the N.K.V.D. an him. He could look at a man party solution of problems were Berlin, Khlopov, communicated clear that in the situation of as yet not liquidated center that time show that in almost and say: “ Why are your eyes invalidated and everything was that “ . . . the attack of the Ger­ less careerists began to protect dared to send you this pre- all krais, oblasts and republics Socialist victory there was no with the party name the mass which is craftily manufactur­ so shifty today,” or ‘‘Why are dependent upon the wilfulness man army is reportedly sched­ èxécution declaration; how­ there supposedly existed “ rig ht­ basis fo r mass terror in the terror against party cadres, ca­ ing cases, which forces inno­ you turning so much today and ot one man. uled fo r June 15, but it is pos­ ever, I have not been guilty ist Trotskyite, espionage-terror country. dres of the Soviet state and the of even one of the things with cent persons to confess; there avoiding to look me directly in sible that it may begin in the and diversionary-sabotage or­ STALIN’S ROLE IN WAR Ordinary Soviet citizens. It is not opportunity to prove the eyes?” The sickly suspicion firs t days of June.” JUSTIFICATION which I am charged and my ganizations and centers” and should suffice to say that the one’s nonparticipation in crimes created in him a general dis­ FOR TERROR heart is clean of even the that the heads of such organ­ The poWer accumulated in WARNING FROM LONDON number of arrests based on to which the confessions of trust even toward eminent party shadow of baseness. I have izations as a rule—for no known the hands of one person, Stalin, RECALLED Stalin’s report at thè Febru­ charges of counter-revolutionary nevèr in my life told you a various persons testify. The in­ workers whom he had known led to serious consequences dur­ reason — were firs t secretaries fo r years. Everywhere and in ary-March Central Committee crimes had grown ten times be­ word of falsehood and now, vestigative methods are such ing the Great Patriotic War. A cable from our London Em­ that they force people to lie Of oblast or republic Commu­ everything he saw “ enemies,” Plenum in 1937, “ Deficiencies of tween 1936 and 1937. finding my two feet in the nist party committee or Central When we look at many of our bassy dated June 18, 1941, It is known that brutal will­ and to slander entirely inno­ “ two-fàcers” and “ spies.” party work and methods fo r the grave, I am also not lying. My Committees. (Movement in the novels, film s and historical stated: fulness was practiced against cent persons in addition to Possessing unlimited power, liquidation of the Trotskyites whole case is a typical exam­ hall.) “ scientific studies,” the role of “ As of now Cripps is deeply and other two-facers,” contained leading party workers. The par­ ple of provocation, slander and those who already stand ac­ he indulged in great willfulness convinced of the inevitability Many thousands of honest and Stalin in the Patriotic War ap­ an attempt at theoretical jus­ ty statute, approved at the sev­ violation of the elementary cused. and choked a person morally of armed conflict between ihnofeent Communists have died and physically, À situation was pears to be entirely improbable. tification of the mass terror pol­ enteenth party congress, was basis of revolutionary legal­ He asks the court that he be Germany and the U. S. S. R. as a result of this monstrous created were one could not ex­ Stalin hbd foreseen everything. icy under the pretext that as we based on Leninist principles ex­ ity. allowed to inform the Central which will begin not later than falsification of such “cases,” as press one’s own w ill. The Soviet Army, on the basis march forwàtd toward socialism pressed at the tenth party con­ “ The cbnfessions which were Committee of the All-Ünion the middle of June. Accord­ a result of the fact that all When Stalin said that one or of a strategic plan prepared by class war must allegedly sharpen. gress. It stated that to apply made part of my file are not Communist party (Bolshe­ ing to Cripps, the Germans kinds of slanderous “ confes­ another should be arrested, it Stalin long before, used the tac­ Stalin asserted that both his­ in extreme method feuCh as ex­ only absurd but contain some viks) about all this ih writing. have presently concentrated sions” were accepted, and as a was necessary to accept on tics of so-called “ active defense,” tory and Lenin taught him this. clusion from the party against Slander toward thé Central He assures the court that he 147 divisions (including air personally had never any evil result of the practice of forc­ faith that he was an “ enemy of i. e., tactics which, as we know, Actually, Lenin taught that a Central Committee member, Committee of the All-Union allowed the Germans to come up the application of revolutionary against a Central Committee Communist party (Bolshe­ designs in regard to the policy ing accusations against oneself the people.” Meanwhile, Beria’s slid others. In the feaine ihan- to Moscow and SttUingwtd. (C ontino ed on pdge 5 ) violence is necessitated by the candidate, and against a mem- viks) grid towârd thé bouncil 'of oat patty because he had gang, Which ran thè oig&ns bf Monday, June 11, 1956 T H E MILITANT Pâgfe fiv e

triotic war at the fronts; our tee and in the Central Commit- higher learning, which have confessions from the. doctors we brave youth contributed im ­ lee Political Bureau, affairs of about 39,000 students, this is w ill shorten you by a head.” measurably at the fron t and at this nature would have been ex­ eight times more than in Tux- (Tumult in the hall.) Text of KhrushchevSpeech home to the defense of the So­ amined there in accordance with key (for each 1,000 inhabitants). .Stalin personally called the viet fatherland and to the an­ party practice, and all pertinent The prosperity of the working investigative judge, gave him © nihilation of the enemy. facts assessed; as a result such people has grown tremendously distractions, (advised him on (Continued from page 4) crossed our border and stated tion the real situation at a given trating behind his back, Stalin Immortal ai-e the services of a*n affa ir as well as othei-s would in Georgia under Soviet rule. which investigative methods force and service units) along »that the German armies had section of the front and which demanded incessant frontal at­ the Soviet soldiers, of our com- not have happened. It is clear that as the economy ihould be used; these methods the Soviet borders.” received orders to start the of­ could not help but result in huge tacks and the capture of one v il­ manders and political workers We must state that after the and eultui'e develop, and as th< vere simple—beat^, beat aiid. Despite these particularly fensive against the Soviet Union personnel losses. lage after another. Because of of all ranks; after the loss of a war the situation became even Socialist consciousness of the >nce again, beat. grave warnings, the necessary on the night of June 22 at 3 Ï w ill allow myself in this con­ this we paid with great losses considerable part of the army more complicated. ¡Stalin' became working masses in Georgia Shortly after the doctors were steps were not taken to prepare o’clock. Stalin was informed nection to bring out one charac­ until our generals, on whose in the first war months they did even more capricious, irritable grows, the source from whicl arrested we members of the the country properly for defense about this immediately, but even teristic fact that illustrates how shoulders rested the whole weight not lose their heads and were and brutal; in pai’ticixlar his bourgeois nationalism draws its Political Bureau received photo- and to prevent it from being this, warning was ignored. Stalin directed operations at the of conducting the wax', succeed­ able to reorganize during the suspicion grew. His persecution strength evaporates. •ols froth the doctors; confes­ caught unawares. As you see; everything was fronts. There is present at this ed in changing the situation and progress of combat; they cre­ mania reached unbelievable, di­ As it developed, there was nc ión« of guilt. After distributing Did we have time and the ignored; warnings of certain congress Marshal Bagramyan, shifting to flexible maneuver ated and toughened during the mensions. Many workers wei'e nationalistic organization ir heSe protocols Stalin told us, capabilities for such prepara­ army commanders, declarations who was once the Chief of Oper­ operations, which immediately progress of the war a strong becoming enemies before his very Geoi'gia. Thousands of innocent ‘You are blind like young. ■ kit" tions? Yes, we had the time of deserters from the enemy ations iii the Headquarters of brought serious changes at the and hèroic army and not only eyes. A fter the war Stalin sepa­ persons fell victim of willfulness leixs; what w ill happen without and capabilities. Our industry army, and even the open hostil­ the Southwestern front and who front favorable to us. stood o ff pressure of the sti'ong rated himself from the collective and lawlessness. A ll of this hap. ne ? The country w ill perish was already so developed that ity of the enemy. Is this an can corroborate what I will tell A ll the more shameful was the and cunning enemy but also even more. Everything was de­ pened under the “ genial” leader­ because you do not know how to it was capable of fu lly supplying example of the alertness of the you.' fact that after our great victory smashed him. cided by him alone without any ship of Stalin, "the great son of eeog'nize enemies.” the Soviet Army with every­ over the enemy which cost us so .the Geoi'gian _nation,” as Geor­ The case was so presented chief of the party and of the KHARKOV USED AS The magnificent and heroic consideration for anyone or any­ thing that it needed. This is state at this particularly signi­ much, Stalin began to down­ deeds of hundreds of millions of thing. gians liked to refer to Stalin. ‘hat no one eoultl verify the ILLUSTRATION proven by the fact that although ficant historical moment? grade many of the commandexs people of the East and of the This unbelievable suspicion (Animation in the hall.) ’acts on which the investigation during the war we lost almost tVhen there developed an ex- The willfulness of Stalin was based. Títere was no. possi­ And what were the results of who contributed so much to the West during the fig h t against was cleverly taken advantage of half of our industry and impor­ oeptional serious situation for showed itself not only in deci­ bility of trying to vei'ify facts this carefree attitude, this dis­ victory over the enemy, because the threat of Fascist subjuga­ by the abject provocateur and tant industrial and food produc­ our army in 1942 in the Kharkov regard of clear facts ? The result Stalin excluded every possibility tion which loomed 'befoi'e us w ill vile enemy, Beria, who had mur­ sions coneei'ning the internal by contacting those who had tion areas as the result of en­ region, we had correctly decided life of the country but also’ in was that already in the firs t that services rendered at the live centuries and millenia in the dered thousands of Communists made the confessions òf guilt. emy occupation of the Ukraine, to drop an operation, whose ob­ hours and days the enemy had front should be credited to any­ memory of thankful humanity. and loyal .Soviet people. The ele.-' the international relations of the We felt, however, that the Northern Caucasus and other jective was to encircle Kharkov, destroyed in our border regions one but himself. (Thunderous applause) ration of Voznesensky and Kuz­ Soviet Union. ■ase of the arx-ested doctor's was western parts of the country, because the real situation at The July Plenum of the Cen­ a large part of our air force, Stalin was veiy much inter­ The main role and the main netsov ^Harmed Beria. As we questionable. We knew sorne of the Soviet nation was still able that time would have threatened artillery and other equipment; ested in the assessment of Com­ «edit for the victorious ending have now proven, it had been tral Committee studied in detail these people personally because our army with’ fatal conse­ to organize the production of he annihilated large‘numbers of rade Zhukov as a m ilitary leader. of the war belongs to our Com­ precisely Bexla who had “ sug­ the reasons fo r the development they had oiice treated us. When m iliary equipment in the east­ quences jf this operation were our m ilitary cadres and dis­ He asked me often fo r my opin­ munist party, to the anned gested” to Stalin the fabrication of conflict with Yugoslavia. II we examined this “case” after continued. ern parts of the country, install organized our military leader­ ion of Zhukov. I told him then, forces of the Soviet Union, and by him and by his confidants of was a shameful role which Sta­ Stalin’s death, we found i t to We communicated this to lin played hère. The “ Yugoslav there equipment taken from the ship; consequently we could not “ I have known Zhukov for a long to the tens of millions of Soviet matei'ials in the form Of declara­ he fabricated from beginning to Western industrial areas, and to Stalih, ‘ stating that the situa­ prevent the enemy from march­ time; he is a good general and people raised by the party. tions and anonymous letters, and A ffair” contained no problems end. supply our armed forces with tion demanded changes in opera­ ing defcp into the country. a good m ilitary leader.” (Thunderous and prolonged Up- in the form of various rUmors that copld not have been solved This ignominous “ case” was everything which was necessary tional plans so that the enemy through party discussions among A fte r the war Stalin began to pl'ausé.) and talks. set up by Stalin: he did not, how­ to destroy the enemy. Very grievous consequences, would be prevented from liqui­ comrades. tell all. kinds of nonsense about The party’s Central Commit­ ever, have the timé in which to especially in reference to the dating a sizable concentx-ation MINORITIES WERE EXILED Had our industry been mobil­ Zhukov, among others the fo l­ tee has examined this so-called Thei'e was no significant basis bring it. to an end (as he con­ beginning of the war, followed of oür ariny. Comrades, let us reach for ized properly and in time to sup­ Stalin’s annihilation of many lowing, "You praised Zhukov, “ Leningrad A ffa ir” ; persons who for the development of this “ af­ ceived that end), and fo r this ply the army with the necessary Contrary to common sense, spine other facts. Thè Soviet fa ir,” it was completely possible m ilitary commanders and poli- but he does not deserve it. I t is innocently suffered are now re­ reason-the doctors áre still alive. Stalin rejected our suggestion Union is justly considei-ed as a materiel, our wartime losses ical workers during 1937-41 be­ said that before each opei-ation habilitated and honor has been to have prevented the rupture Now all have been rehabilitated. and issued the order to continue model of a multi-national state would have been decidedly cause t>f his. suspiciousness and at the front Zhukov used to be­ restox-ed to the glorious Lenin­ of relations with that country. They are working in the same smaller. Such mobilization had the operation aimed at the en­ because we have in practice as­ This does not' mean, however, through slanderous accusations. have as follows: he used to take grad pax-ty organization. Abaku­ olaces they were working before; circlement of Kharkov, despite sured the equality and fx-iend- that the Yugoslav leaders did not 'been, however, started in During these years repressions a handful of earth, smell it and mov and others who had fa bri­ they treat top individuals, not time. And already in the first the faet that at this time many ship of all nations which live hot make mistakes or did not were instituted against certain say, 'We can begin the attack,’ cated this a ffa ir were brought excluding members of the Gov­ days of the war it became evi­ am iy concentrations were them­ in our great fatherland. have shortcomings. But these parts of m ilitary cadres begin­ or the opposite, 'the planned op­ before a court; their tria l took ernment; they have our foil con­ dent that our army was badly selves actually threatened with mistakes and shortcomings were ning literally at the company eration cannot be canned out’,” A ll the more monstrous are place in I«eningrad and they fidence; and théy exë'cute their armed, that we did not have encirclement and liquidation. magnified in a monstrous man­ and battalion commander level I stated at that time, “ Comrade the acts whose initiator was received what they deserved. Juries honestly, as they did be­ enough artillery, tanks and I telephoned to Vasilevsky and ner by Stalin, which resulted in and extending to the higher m ili­ ■Stalin, I do not know who in­ Stalin and which are x'ude viola­ The question arises: Why is fore. planes to throw the enemy back. begged him: a break of relations with a tary center's. During this tiitie vented this, but it is not tnxe.” tions of the basic Leninist It that we see the truth of this In organizing the various dirty Soviet science and technology “Alexander Mikhailovich, take friendly counti-y. the cadre of leaders who had I t is possible that Stalin him­ principles of the nationality a ffa ir only now, and why did we and shameful cases, a very base produced excellent models of a map (Vasilevsky is present I recall the firs t days when gained m ilitary experience in self invented these things for the policy of the Soviet State. We not do something earlier, daring role was played bv the rabid tanks and artillery pieces before here) and show Comrade Stalin Spain and in the Far East Was pui-pose of minimizing the role refer to the mass deportations Stalin’s life, in order to prevent the conflict between the Soviet enemy of our party, an agent of the war. But mass production of the situation which has devel­ Union and Yugoslavia began ar- almost completely liquidated. and military talents of Marshal from their native place of the loss of innocent lives? I t was a foreign intelligence service — all this was not organized and as oped.” Zhukov. whole nations, together with all because Stalin personally super­ tifically to be blown up. Once, .Beria, who had stolen into Sta­ a matter of fact we started to The policy of large-scale re­ We should note that Stalin when I came from Kiev to Mos­ In this connection Stalin very Communists and Komsomols vised the “ Leningrad A ffa ir,” lin ’s confidence. In what way modernize our m ilitary equip­ pressions against the m ilitary planned opei'ations on a globe. cow, I was invited to visit Stalin energetically, popularized him­ without any exception; this de­ and the majority of the Political could this provocateur gain such1 ment only on the eve of the war. cadres led also to undermined (Animation in the hall.) Yes, self as a great leadex-. In various portation action was not dic­ Bureau members did not, at that who, pointing to the copy of a a position in the party and in As a result, at the time of the m ilitary discipline, because for comrades, he used to take the ways he tided to inculcate in the tated by any military considera­ time, know all of the circum­ letter lately sent to Tito, asked the state, so as fo become the enemy’s invasion of the Soviet several year's officers of all globe and trace the frontline me, “ Have you read this?” people the version that all vic­ tions. stances in these matters, and First Deputv Chairman of the land we did not have sufficient ranks and even soldiers in the on it. tories gained by the Soviet na­ Thus, alxeady at the end of could not therefore intervene. Council of Ministers of the So­ quantities either of old machinery party and Komsomol cells were I said to Comrade Vasilevsky: ‘FALL’ OF TITO PLEDGED taught to “unmask” their su­ tion during the great patriotic 1943, When there occurred a BY STALIN viet Union and a member of the which was no longer used for “ Show him the situation on a permanent break-through at the MINGRELIAN ‘PLOT1 CITED Central Conumittee Political periors as hidden enemies. war were due to the courage, Nat waiting for my reply he armament production or of new map; in the present situation we fronts of the gi'eat patriotic war When Stalin x-eceived certain Bureau? It ha« now been estab­ (Movement in the hall.) I t is daring and genius of Stalin and answered: "I w ill shake my lit ­ machinery which we had planned cannot continue the operation benefiting the Soviet Union, à materials from Beria and Abaku­ lished that this villain had1 natural that this caused a nega­ of no one else. Exactly like tle finger—and there w ill be no to introduce into armament pro­ which was planned. The old de­ decision was taken and executed mov, without examining these climbed up the Government lad­ tive influence on the state of Kuzma Kryuchkov [a famous more Tito. He w ill .fall.” duction. cision must be changed fo r the coneei'ning the deputation of slandexous materials, he ordered der over an- untold number of m ilitary discipline in the first Cossack who performed heroic We have dearly paid fo r this The situation with anti-air­ good of the cause.” all the Karachai from the lands an investigation of the “affair” eoi’pses. war period. feats against the Germans], he “shaking of the little finger.” craft artillery was especially Vasilevsky replied saying that on. which they lived. In the same of Voznesensky and Kuznetsov. Were there any signs that put one dress on seven persons This statement l-eflected Stalin’s bad; we did not organize the pro­ And, as you know, we had be­ Stalin had already studied this period, at the end of December, With this their fate was sealed. Boria was an en'emy of the party ? fore the war excellent military at the same time. (Animation mania fo r gxeatness, but he act­ duction of anti-tank ammuni­ problem and that he, Vasilevsky, in the hall.) 1943, the same lot befell the Instructive in the same way is Yes, there were. tion. Many fortified regions had cadr.es which were unquestion­ would not see Stalin further con­ >vjhole. population of the Kalmyk the case of the Mingrelian na­ ed just that way: “I will shake my little finger—and there w ill proven to be indefensible as soon ably loyal to the party and to cerning this matter because thé' HISTORICAL FILMS Autonomous Republic. tionalist organization, which KAMINSKY SLAYING as they were attacked, because the fatherland. Suffice it to say latter did not want to hear any DISCREDITED In Mai'ch, 1944, all tbe Che­ supposedly existed in Georgia. be no Kosior” ; " I w ill shake my IS NOTED the old arms had been w ith­ that those of them who managed arguments on the subject of ■In the same vein, let us take, chen and Ingush peoples were As is known, resolutions by the little finger once more and Pos- Already in 1937, at a Central tyshev and Chubar w ill be no drawn and new ones were not to survive despite severe tor­ this operation. for instance, our historical and deported and. the Chechen- Central Committee, Communist Committee Plenum, former Peo­ yet available there. tures to which they were sub­ After my talk with Vasilevsky military films and some literary Ingush Autonomous Republic paity of tbe Soviet Union, wei'e more”; “I will shake my little ple’s Commissar of Health, Ka­ jected in the prisons, .have from I telephoned to Stalin at his creations; they make us feel was liquidated. In April, 1944, made concerning this case in No­ finger again—and Voznesensky, minsky, said that Beria worked RIFLES FOR ARMY Kuznetsov and many others will the firs t war days shown them­ villa. But Stalin did not answer sick. Their true objective is the all Balkars were deported to vember 1951 and in Mai'ch 1952. fo r the Mussavat intelligence! LACKING selves real patriots and heroical­ the telephone and Malenkov was propagation of the theme of faraway places from the terri- These resolutions were made disappear.” service. But the Centi-al Com­ This pertained, alas, not only ly fought fo r the glory of the at the receiver. I told Comrade praising Stalin as a military toi'y of the Kabardino-Balkar without prior discussion with the But this did not happen to mittee Plenum had barely con­ fatherland. to tanks, artillery and planes. Malenkov that I was calling genius. Let us recall the film, Autonomous Republic and the Political Bureau. Tito. No matter how much or cluded when Kaminsky was ar­ A t the outbreak of the war we I have here in mind such com­ frdm the front and that I wanted "The Fall of Berlin.” Here only republic itself was renamed the ¡Stalin had personally dictated how little Stalin shook, not only rested and then shot. did not even have sufficient rades as Rokossovaky (who, as to 'speak personally to Stalin. Stalin- acts; he issues orders in Kabardinian Autonomous Re­ them. They made serious accu­ his little finger but evex-ything Had Stalin examined Kamin- numbers of rifles to arm the you know, had been jailed), Gor­ ■StaJiln informed me through the hall jn which there are many public. sations against many loyal Com­ else that he could shake, Tito sy’s statement? No, because mobilized manpower. I recall batov, Meretskov (who is a dele­ Malenkov that I should speak empty chairs and only one man The Ukrainians avoided meet­ munist. On the basis of falsi­ did not fall. Why? The reason Stalin believed in Beria, and that in those days I telephoned gate at the present congress), with Malenkov. approached him and reports ing this fate only because there fied documents it was proven was that, in this case of dis­ When Stalin believed in anyone to Comrade Malenkov from Kiev Podlas (he was an excellent com­ I stated for the second time something to him—that is Pos- were too many of them and that thexe existed in Georgia a agreement with the Yugoslav or anything, then no one could' and told him: “ People have vol­ mander who perished at the that I wished to inform Stalin krabyshev, his loyal shield- there was no place to which to supposedly nationalistic organi­ comrades, Tito had behind him say anything that was contrarv unteered for the new army and front), and many, many others. personally about the grave situ­ bearer. (Laughter in the hall.) deport them. Otherwise, he zation whose abjective was the a state and a people who had to his opinion; anyone who woxild' demand arms. You must send However, many such command­ ation which had arisen for us at And where is the m ilitary com­ would have depoi-ted them also. liquidation of the Soviet power gone through a severe school of dare to express opposition would1 us arms.” ers perished in camps and jails the front. But Stalin did not mand? Where is the Political (Laughter and animation in the in that republic with the help of fighting for liberty and inde­ heve met the same fate as Ka­ Malenkov answered me: “ We and the army saw then no more. consider it convenient to raise Bureau? Wheie is the Govern­ hall.) imperialist powex-s. pendence, a people which gave minsky. cannot send you arms. We are (All this brought about the the phone and again stated that ment? What are they doing and Not only a Marxist-Leninist In this connection, a1 number suppoi't to its leaders. There were other signs albo. pending all our rifles to Lenin­ situation that existed at the be­ I should speak to him through with what are they engaged? but Plso no man of common of x-esponsible paxty and Soviet You see to what Stalin’s ma­ The declaration which Comrade grad and you have to arm your- ginning of the war and which Malenkov, although he was only There is nothing about them in sense can gra'sp how it is pos­ workers were arrested in Geor­ nia for greatness led. He had Snegov made at the party's Cen- eelves.” (Movement in the hall.) was the great threat to our a few steps from the telephone. the film . Stalin acts fo r every­ sible to make whole nations re­ gia. As was later proven, this completely lost consciousness of tx-al Committee is interesting ¡Such was the armament situ­ fatherland. After “listening” in this man­ body;, he does not x'eekon with sponsible for inimical activity, was a slander directed against reality; he demonstrated his sus­ (parenthetically speaking, he ation. anyone; he asks no one for ad­ the Georgian party organization. picion and haughtiness not only was also rehabilitated not long* STALIN’S DESPAIR ner to our plea Stalin said, “ Let including women, children, old In this connection we cannot vice. Everything is shown to We know that there have been in relation to individuals in the RECOUNTED everything remain as it is!” people, Communists and Komso­ ago, after seventeen ye^rs in forget, fo r instance, the follow­ the nation in this false light. at times manifestations of local U. S. S. R., but in relation to prison camps), in his declara­ It would be incorrect to forget And what was the result of mols, to use mass repression ing fact. Shortly before the in­ Why? In order to suri'ound bourgeois nationalism in Georgia whole parties and nations. tion Snegov writes: ■that after the firs t severe dis­ this? The worst that we had ex­ against them, and bo expose vasion of the Soviet Union by Stalin with glory, contrary to as in several other republics. We have carefully examined “ In connection with the pro­ aster and the defeats at the front pected. The Germans sui'rounded them to misery and suffering for the Hitlerite army, Kirponos, the facts and contrary to his­ The question arises: Could it be the case of Yugoslavia and have posed rehabilitation of the for­ Stalin thought that this was the our army concentrations and the hostile acts of individual who was Chief of the Kiev Spe­ torical truth. possible that in the period dui-- found a proper solution which is mer Central Committee mem­ end. In one of his speeches in consequently we lost hundreds of persons or groups of persons. cial M ilitary D istrict (he was ing which the resolutions re­ approved by the peoples of the ber, Kartvelishvili-Lavrentiev, those days he said: “ A ll that thousands of our soldiers. This The question arises: And A fte r the conclusion of the later killed at the front) wrote ferred to above were made, na­ Soviet Union and of Yugoslavia I have entrusted to the hands Lenin created We have lost fo r­ is Stalin’s military "genius;” where are the m ilitary on whose patriotic war the Soviet Nation to Stalin that the German tionalist tendencies grew so as well as ¡by the working of the représentative of the ever.” this is what it cost us. (Move­ shouldei's rested the buxxlen of stressed with pride the magni­ Armies were at the Bug River, ment in the hall.) the war ? They are not in fixe ficent victoi'ies gained thi-ough much that there was a danger of masses of all the people’s de­ Committee of State Security a were preparing for an attack After this Stalin for a long Geox-gia’s leaving the Soviet mocracies and by all progressive Gn one occasion after the war, film; with Stalin in, no room was great sacrifices and tremendous detailed deposition concerning and in the very near future time actually did not direct the Union and joining Turkey? humanity The liquidation of during a meeting of Stalin with left fo r them. efforts. The country experienced Beria’s role in the disposition would probably start their of­ m ilitary operations and ceased (Animation in the hall, laugh­ the abnomxal relationship with members of the Political Bureau, Not Stalin, 'but the party as a a period of political enthusiasm. of the Kartvelishvili case andi fensive. In this connection K ir­ to do anything whatever. He re­ ter.) Yugoslavia was done, in the in­ Anastas Ivanovich Mikoyan men­ whole, the Soviet Government, The party came out of the war concerning the criminal mo­ ponos proposed that a strong de­ turned to active leadership only This is, of course, nonsense. It terest of the whole camp of so­ tioned that Khrusehev must our hei'oic army, its talented even more united; in the fire of tives by which Beria wás fense be organized, that 300,000 when some members of the Polit­ is impossible to imagine how cialism, in thé interest of have been right when he tele­ leaders and brave soldiers, the the war party cadres were tem­ guided. persons be evacuated from the ical Bureau visited him and told such assumptions could enter strengthening peace in the whole phoned concerning the Kharkov whole Soviet nation—these are pered and hardened. Under such border areas and that several him that it was necessary to take anyone’s mind. Everyone knows world. ANOTHER CASE operation and that it was un­ the ones who assured the victory conditions nobody could have strong points be organized there: certain steps immediately to im ­ how Georgia has developed eco­ Let üs also 'recall the “ A ffa ir RECALLED fortunate that this suggestion in the great patriotic war. even thought of the possibility of anti-tank ditches, trenches for prove the situation at the front. nomically and cultui'ally under of the Doctor Plotters.” (Anima­ “ ín my Opinion it is indispens­ Therefore the threatening dan­ had not 'been accepted. (Tempestuous and prolonged ap­ some plot in the party. the soldiers, etc. plause.) Soviet rule. tion in the hall.) Actually there able to recall ah Important fact Moscow answered this propo­ ger which hung over our father- THE LENINGRAD AFFAIR was no "a ffa ir” outside of the pertaining to this case and to FURY OF STALIN IS CITED The Central Committee mem­ sition with the assertion, that land in the firs t period of the And it was precisely at this PROGRESS IN GEORGIA declaration of the woman doctor communicate it to the Central bers, ministers, our economic this would be a provocation, that war was largely due bo the faulty You should have seen Stalin’s time that the so-called “ Lenin­ NOTED Timashuk, who was probably Committee, because I did hot no preparatory defensive work methods of directing the nation fu ry! How could it be admitted leadei's, leaders of Soviet cul­ grad A ffa ir” was bora. As we Industrial production of the influenced or ordered by some­ consider it as proper to include ture, directors of territorial should be undertaken at the and the party by Stalin himself. th t he, Stalin, had not been have now proven, this base was Georgian Republic is twenty- one (after all, she was an un­ in the investigation documents. party and Soviet organizations, borders, that the Germans were However, we speak not only ¡right! He is after all a “ genius," fabricated. Those who innocent­ seven times greater than it was official collaborator of the or­ “ On Oct. 30. 1934, at the session not to be given any pretext for about the moment when the war and a genius cannot help but be engineers, and technicians— ly lost their lives included Com­ before the revolution. Many new gans of state security) to write of the Organizational Bureau of everyone of them in his own the initiation of military action began, which led to serious dis­ right! Everyone can err, but rades Voznesensky, Kuznetsov, industries have arisen in Georgia Stalin a letter in which she de­ the Central Committee, A ll- place of work generously gave against us. Thus, our borders organization of our army and Stalin considered that he never Rodionov, Popkov, and others. that did not exist there before clared that doctors were apply­ Union Communist party (Bolshe­ of his strength and knowledge were insufficiently prepared to brought us severe losses. Even erred, that he was always right. As is known, Voznesensky and the involution: iron smelting, an ing supposedly improper meth­ viks), Kartvelishvili, Secretary towax-d ensuring victory over the repel the enemy. after the war began the nerv­ He never acknowledged to Kuznetsov were talented and oil industry, a machine construc­ ods of medical treatment. of the Trans-Caucasian Krai1 When the Fascist armies had ousness and hysteria which anyone that he made any mis­ enemy. eminent leaders. Once they tion industry, etc. Illiteracy has ¡Such a letter was sufficient Committee, made a report. A ll actually invaded Soviet territory Stalin demonstrated, interfering take, large or small, despite the Exceptional heroism was shown stood very close to Stalin. It long since been liquidated, which, for. Stalin to reach an immedi­ members of the Executive of the1 and m ilita ry . operations began, with actual m ilitary operations, fact that he made not a few mis­ by our hard core—surrounded by is sufficient to mention that in pre-i-evolutionai-y Georgia, in­ ate conclusion that there are Krai Committee were present; Moscow issued the order that caused our army serious damage. takes in the matter of theory glory is our whole working class, Stalin made Voznesensky firs t cluded 78 per cent of the popula­ doctor-plotters in the Soviet Un­ of them I alone am alivè. Stalin, despite evident facts, Stalin was very fa r from an and in his . practical activity. our collective farm peasantry, deputy to the Chairman of the tion. ion. He issued orders to arrest “During this session J. V. Saliti, thought that the war had not understanding of the real situa­ A fter the Party Congress we the Soviet intelligentsia, who un­ Council of Ministers and Kuznet­ Could the Georgians, compar­ a group of eminent Soviet medi­ made a motion at the end of his¡ yet started, that this was only a tion that was developing at the shall probably have to re-evaluate der the leadership of party or­ sov was elected Secretary of the ing the situation in their repub­ cal specialists. He personally speech concerning the organiza­ provocative action on the part front. That was natural because many wartime m ilitary opera­ ganizations overcame untold Central Committee. The very lic with the hard situation of issued advice on the conduct of tion of the Secretaí'iüt of the of several undisciplined sections during the whole Patriotic War tions and to present them in hardships and, bearing the hard­ fact that Stalin entrusted Kuz­ the. working masses in Turkey, the investigation and the meth­ Trans-Caucasian Krai Commit­ of the German army, and that he never visited any section of their true light. ships of war, devoted all their netsov with the supervision of be aspiring to join Turkey? In od of interrogation of the ar­ tee composed of the following: our réaction might serve as a the front or any liberated city The tactics on which Stalin in­ strength to the cause of the de­ the state security organs shows 1955 Georgia produced eighteen rested persons. • First Secretary Kartvelishvili; reason fo r the Germans to begin except for one short ride on the sisted without knowing the es­ fense of the fatherland. the trust he enjoyed. times as much steel a person as Second Secretary Beria (it was the war. Mozhaisk Highway during a sence of the conduct of battle Great and brave deeds during How did it happen that these Turkey. Georgia produces nine STALIN THREAT RECALLED then for the firs t time in thé stabilized situation at the front. operations cost us much blood the war were accomplished by persons were bianded as enemies times as much electrical energy He said the academician, party’s histoi-y that Beria*s GERMAN’S INFORMATION To this incident were dedi­ until we succeeded in stopping our Soviet women who bore on of the people and liquidated ? a person as Turkey. Vinogradov, should be put in name was mentioned as a can­ IGNORED cated many literary works full the opponent and going over to their backs the heavy load of Facts prove that the “ Lenin­ According to the available chains, another one should be didate for a party position). The following fact is also of fantasies of all sorts and so the offensive. production work in the factories, grad A ffa ir” also is the result 1950 census, 65 per cent of beaten. Present at this congress "Kartvelishvili answered that known. On the eve of the inva­ many paintings. Simultaneous­ The military know that al­ on the collective farms, and in of willfulness Stalin exercised Turkey’s total population are as a delegate is the Former he knew Beria well and fo r that sion of the te rrito ry of the ly, Stalin was interfering« with ready by the end of 1941 instead various economic and cultural a'gainst party cadres. illiterate, and of the women, 80 Minister of State Security, Com­ reason refused categorically to Soviet Union by the Hitlerite operations and. issuing orders Of great operational maneuvers sectors; many women partici­ Had a normal situation existed per cent are. illiterate. Georgia rade Ignatiev. Stalin told him army a certain German citizen that did not take into considera­ flanking the opponent and pene­ pated directly in the great pa- in the pai'ty’s Central Commit- has nineteen institutions of curtly, “If you do not obtain (Continued on page 6) - 7- Page Six T H E MILITANT Monday, June 11, 1956

shadows and began to show less if we speak about the many Attempts to oppose ground­ cluded that had Stalin remained initiative in their work. negative phenomena generated less suspicions and charges re­ at the helm fo r another several Take, for instance, party and by this cult which is s-o alien to sulted in the opponent falling months, Comrades Molotov and • • • T e x t o f KhrushchevSpeech Soviet resolutions. They were the spirit of Marxism-Leninism, victim of the .repression. This Mikoyan would probably, have prepared in a routine manner, various persons may ask: How characterized the fa ll of Com­ not delivered any speeches at (Continued from page 5) to often without considering the could it be? Stalin headed the rade Postyshev. this congress. work together with him. Stalin lu l plans. Beria had cleared of war received further de­ ty. We should add fo r your concrete situation. This went so party and the country fo r In one of his speeches Stalin Stalin evidently had plans to proposed then that this matter from his way all persons who velopment at Comrade Stalin’s information that the Presidium far that party workers, even th irty years and many victories expressed his dissatisfaction with finish o ff the old members of be left open and that it be solved could possibly interfere with hands. Comrade Stalin elabo­ of the Central Committee has al­ during the smallest - sessions, were gained during his lifetime. Postyshev and asked him, “ What the Political Bureau. He often in the process of the work itself. him. rated the theory of the per­ ready passed a resolution con­ read their speeches. A ll this pro­ Can we deny this? In my opin­ are you actually?” stated that Political Bureau Two «ays later a decision was Ordzhonikidze was always an manently operating factors cerning the composition of a duced the danger of formalizing ion, the. question can be asked Postyshev answered clearly, members should be replaced by arrived at that Beria would re­ opponent of Beria, which he told that decide the issue of wars, new text of the anthem, which the party and Soviet work and .n this manner only !by those “ I am a Bolshevik, Comrade new ones. ceive the party post and that Stalin. Instead of examining of active defense and the laws w ill reflect the role of the of bureaucratizing the whole ap­ Who are -blinded and hopelessly Stalin, a Bolshevik.” His proposal, after the Nine­ Kartvelishyili would be deported this affair and taking appropri­ of counter-offensive and offen­ people, and the role of the party, paratus. aynotized by the cult of the This assertion was at firs t con­ teenth Congress concerning the from tihe Trans-Caucasus.” ate steps. Stalin allowed the li­ sive, of the co-operation of all (Loud, prolonged applause.) Stalin’s reluctance to con­ individual^ only by those who sidered to show a lack of respect selection of twenty-five persons This fact can be confirmed by quidation of Ordzihioniikedze’s services and arms in modern And was it without Stalin’s sider life’s realities and the fact do not understand the essence fo r Stalin; later it was consid­ to the Central Committee Pre­ Comrades Mikoyan and Kagan­ brother and brought Ordzhoni­ warfare, of the role of big knowledge that many of the that he was not aware of the of tne revolution and of the So­ ered a harmful act and conse­ sidium, was aimed at the re­ ovich, who were present at that kidze himself to such a state he tank masses and air forces in largest enterprises and tqwns real state of affairs in the viet state, only by those who quently resulted in Postyshev’s moval of the old Political Bu­ session. was forced to sthoot himself. (In­ modern war, and of the a rtil­ were named after him? Was it provinces can be illustrated by do not understand, in a Leninist annihilation and branding with­ reau memlbers and the bringing The long unfriendly relations dignation in the hail.) Such was lery as the most formidable without his knowledge that his direction of agriculture. manner, the role of the party out any reason as a “ people’s in of less experienced persons so between KartveLshvili and Beria Beria. of the armed services. A t the Stalin monuments were erected A ll those who interested them­ and of the nation in the develop­ enemy.” that these would extol him in all were widely known. They date ‘Beria was unmasked by the various stages of the war in the whole country — these selves even a little in the na­ ment of the Soviet society. In the situation which then sorts of ways. back to the time when Comrade party’s Central Committee short­ Stalin’s genius found the cor­ “ memorials to the living?” tional situation saw the difficult The Socialist revolution was prevailed I have talked often We can assume that this was Sergo [Ordzhonikidze] was ac­ ly after Stalin’s death. As a re­ rect solution that took ac­ It is a fact that Stalin himself situation in agriculture, but attained by the working class with Nikolai Aleksandrovich also a design fo r the future an­ tive in the Trans-Caucasus; sult of the particularly detailed count of all the circumstance had signed on July 2, 1951, a Stalin never even noted ' it. Did and by the poor peasantry with Bulganin. Once when we two nihilation o f the old Political Kartveiishvili was the closest legal proceedings it was estab­ of the situation.” (Movement in resolution of the U. S. S. R. we tell Stalin about this? Yes, the partial support of middle- were traveling in a «car, he said: Bureau members and in this way assistant of Sergo. The unfriend­ lished that Beria had commit­ the hall.) Council of Ministers concerning we told him, but he did not sup­ class peasants. I t was attained “ I t has happened sometimes that a cover fo r all shameful acts of ly relationship impelled Beria ted monstrous crimes and Beria And further, writes Stalin: the erection on the Volga-Don port us. Why? Because Stalip by the people under the leader a man goes to Stalin on his invi- Stalin, acts which we are now to fabricate a "case” against was shot. "Stalin's military master­ Canal of an impressive monuc never traveled anywhere, did not Ship of the Bolshevik party. (ation as a friend. And when he considering. Kartveiishvili. The question arises why Beria, ship was displayed -both in de­ ment to Stalin. On Sept. 4 of meet city and collective farm Lenin’s great service consisted sits with Stalin, he does not Comrades! In order not to re­ It is a characteristic thing who had liquidated tens of thou­ fense and offense. Comrade the same year he issued an order workers; he did not know the of the fact that he created a know where he will be sent next, peat errors of the past, the Cen­ that in this “case” Kartveiishvili sands of party and Soviet work­ Stalin's genius enabled him to making thirty-three tons ot actual situation in the provinces. militant party of the working home or to jail.” tral Committee has declared was charged with a terroristic ers, was not unmasked during divine the enemy’s plans and copper available fo r the con­ He knew the country and agri­ class, but he was armed with I t is clear that such conditions itself resolutely against the cult act against Beria. Stalin’s life? He w'as- not un­ defeat them. The battles in struction of this impressive culture only from films and M arxist understanding of the put every member of the Politi­ of the individual. We consider which Comrade Stalin directed The indictment in the Beria masked earlier because he had monument. these film s had dressed up lawta of social development, and cal Bureau in a very difficult that Stalin was excessively ex­ the Soviet armies are brilliant case contains a discussion of utilized very skillfully Stalin’s Anyone who has visited the and beautified the existing with the science of proletarian situation. And when we also con­ tolled. However, in the past ex-amples of operational mili­ his crimes. Some things should, weaknesses; feeding him with- Stalingrad area must have seen situation in agriculture. And victory in the. fight with capi­ sider the fact that in the last Stalin doubtlessly performed tary skill.” years of- the Central Committee however, be recalled, especially suspicions, he assisted Stalin in the huge statue which is being many film s so pictured collec­ talism, and he steeled this party great services to the party, to plenary session were not con­ since it is possible that not all everything and acted with his In this manner was Stalin built there, and that on a site tive farm life that the tables ip the crucible of revolutionary the working class and to the in­ delegates to the congress have support. praised as a strategist. Who which hardly any people ire4- were bending from the Weight struggle of the masses of the vened and that the sessions of ternational workers’ movement. the Political Bureau occurred read this document. I wish to Comrades: The cult of the in­ did this? Stalin himself, not in quent. Huge sums were spent to of turkeys and geese. Evidently peopie. During this fig h t the This question is complicated only occasionally, from time to recall Beria’s 'bestial disposition dividual acquired such monstrous his role as a strategist but in build it at a time when people Stalin thought that it was actu­ party consistently defended the by the fact that all this that we of the cases of Kedrov,- Goluibiev, size chiefly because Stalin him­ the role of an author-editor, one of this area had lived since the ally so. . interests of the people, became time, then we w ill Understand have just discussed was done and Go’rub-lev's adopted mother, self, using all conceivable meth­ of the main creators of his self- war in huts. Consider yourself; Vladimir Ilyich Lenin looked its experienced leader, and led how d ifficult it was fo r any during Stalin’s life under his member of the Political Bureau Baturina, persons who wished to ods, supported the glorification adulatory biography. was Stalin right when he wrote at. life differently. He was al­ the working masses to power, to leadership and with his concur­ to take a stand against one or inform the Central Committee of his own person. .This is sup­ Such, comrades, are the facts. in his biography that "* * * he ways close to the people; he the creation of the firs t Socialist rence; here Stalin was convinced another injust or improper pro­ concerning Beria’s treacherous ported by numerous facts. One We should rather say shameful did not allow in himself * * * used to receive peasant dele­ state. that this was necessary fo r the activity. They were shot w ith­ of the most characteristic ex­ facts. even a shadow of conceit, pride, gates, and often spoke at factory - You remember well- the Wise cedure, against serious errors defense of the interests of the out any tria l and the sentence amples of Stalin's self-glorifica­ And one additional fact from or self-adoration?” gatherings; he used to -visit vil­ words of Lenin that the Soviet and shortcomings in the prac­ working classes against the plot­ the same “ Short Biography” of state is strong because of the tices of leadership. ting of the enemies and against was passed ex-post facto, after tion and of his lack of even Ac the same time Stalin’ gave lages and talk: with the peasants. iSlalin, As it is known, "The Short awareness of the masses that As we have already shown, the attack of the imperialist the execution. elementary modesty is the edi­ proofs of his lack of respect fo r •Stalin separated himself from Course of the History of the A ll- history is created by the millions many decisions were taken camp. tion of hjs “ Short Biography,” Lenin’s memory. It is not a co­ the people and never went any­ 'OLD COMMUNIST’ which was published in 1948. Union Communist Party (Bol­ and tens of millions of people; either by one person or in a He saw this from the position incidence that, despite the deci­ where. This lasted te«ns of IS QUOTED sheviks)” was written by a Our historical victories were roundabout way, without collec­ of the interest of the working This 'book is an expression of sion taken, more than thirty years. The last time he visited the most dissolute flattery, an Commission of the Party Cen- attained thanks to the organiza­ tive discussions. The sad fate of class, of the interest of the la­ Here is what the old Com­ years ago to build a Palace of a -village was in January, 1928, munist, Comrade Kedrov, wrote example of making a man into a !ral Committee. tional work of the party, to the Political Bureau member, Com­ boring people, of the interest of Soviets as a monument to Vladi­ when he visited Siberia in con­ to the Central Commitiee godhead, of transforming him many provincial organizations, rade Voznesensky, who fe ll vic­ the victory of socialism and CULT OF THE m ir Ilyich, this palace was not nection with' grain deliveries. through Comrade Andreyev into an infallible saint, “ the great­ and to the self-sacrificing work tim to Stalin’s repressions, is communism. We cannot say that built, its construction was al­ How then could he have known INDIVIDUAL USED known to all. It is a characteris­ these were the deeds of a giddy (Comrade Andreyev was then est leader,” "sublime strategist ways postponed, and the project the situation in the provinces? of oqr great nation. These vic­ u Central Committee Secretary): of ail times and nations.” Finally This book, parenthetically, tories are the result of the great tic thing that the decision to re­ despot. He considered that this allowed to lapse. And when he was once told was also permeated with the cult move him from the Political Bu­ should be done in the interest ol "1 am calling to you fo r help no other words could be found We cannot forget to recall the during a discussion - that our drive and activity of the nation of the individual and was written and of the party as a whole; reau was never discussed but the party; of the working mass.' from a gloomy cell of the Le- with which to lift Stalin up to Soviet Government resolution of situation on the land was a d if­ fortovsky prison. Let my cry the heavens. by a designated group of authors. they are not at all the fru it of was reached in a devious fash­ es, in the name of the defense oi Aug. 14, 1925 concerning “ the ficult one and that the situation This fact was reflected in the the leadership of Stalin, as the ion. In the same way came the the revolution’s gains. In thi* of horror reach your ears; do founding of Lenin prizes for of cattle breeding and meat not remain deaf; take me un­ BOOK EDITED BY STALIN follow ing1 formulation on the situation was pictured during decision concerning the removal lies the whole tragedy! educational work.” This resolu­ production was especially bad, der your protection; please We need not give here exam­ proof copy of the “ Short Biogra­ the period of the cult of the of Kuznetsov and Rodionov from ples of the loathsome adulation tion was published in the press, a commission was formed which THE NAMING OF TOWNS help remove the nightmare of phy of Stalin” : individual. their posts. but until this day there are no was charged with the. prepara­ Comrades! Lenin had often interrogations and show tha; filling this book. All we need to A commission of the Central I f we are to consider this mat­ The importance of the Central add Is that they all were ap­ Lenin prizes. This, too, should be tion . of a resolution called, stressed that modesty is an ab­ this is all a mistake. Committee, all-Union Commu­ ter of Marxists and as Leaiinists, Committee’s Political Bureau corrected. (Tumultuous, pro­ “ Means toward further develop­ solutely integral part of a real "I suffer innocently. Please proved and edited by Stalin per­ nist Party (Bolsheviks), under then we have to state unequiv­ was reduced and its work was sonally and -some of them were longed applause). ment of animal breeding in Bolshevik. Lenin himself was the believe me. Time will testify the direction of Comrade Stalin ocally that the leadership prac­ disorganized by the creation added in his own handwriting to Kolkhozes and Sovkhozes.” We living personification of the to the truth. I am not an and with his most active per­ During Stalin’s life, thanks to tice which came into being dur­ within the Political Bureau of the draft text of the book. worked out this project. greatest modesty. We cannot say agent - provocateur of the sona! participation, has pre­ known methods which I have ing the last years of Stalin’s life various commissions—the so- What did Stalin consider es­ Of course, our proposals of that we have been following this Tsarist Okhrana; f am not a pared a "Short Course of the mentioned, and quoting facts, became a serious obstacle in the called “ quintets,” “ sextets,” sential to write into this bodk? History of the All-Union Com­ for instance, from the “ Short that time did not contain all “ septets” and “ novenaries.” Here Leninist example in all respects. spy; I am not a member of an possibilities, but we did charter path of Soviet social develop­ Did he want to cool the ardor munist party (Bolsheviks).” Biography.” of Stalin—ell events, is, for instance, a resolution» of, .It is enough to point out that anti-Soviet organization of ways in which animal breeding, ment.. of his flatterers who were com­ But even this phrase did not were explained as if Lenin played the Political Bureau of Oct. 3, many towns, factories and in« which I am being accused on on the Kolkhozes and Sovkhozes Stalin often failed for months posing h.is 'IShort Biography.” satisfy Stalin: the following sen­ only a secondary role, even dur­ 1946: oiustrial enterprises, Kolkozea' the 'basis of denunciations. I would be raised. We had pro­ to take up some unusually im­ No! He marked the very places tence replaced it in the’ final ing the October Socialist Revo­ •Stalin’s Proposal: and Sovkhozes, -Soviet institu­ am also not guilty of any posed then to raise the prices portant problems concerning the where he thought that the praise version of the “ Short Biogra­ lution. In many films and in “1. The Political Bureau tions and cultural institutions other crimes against the party of such products to create mate­ life of the party and of the state of his sendees was insufficient. phy” : many literary works, the figure Commission fo r Foreign A f­ have been referred to by us with and the Government. I am an rial incentives for the Kolkhoz. whose solution could not be post­ Here are some examples char­ of Lenin Was incorrectly pre­ fairs (“ Sextet” ) is to concern a title— if I may express it so—* rid Bolshevik, free of any In 1988 appeared the book, M. T. iS. and Sovkhoz workers poned. .During Stalin’s leadership acterizing Stalin’s activity, add­ sented ' and inadmissably de­ itself in the future, in addition of private property of the names Stain; I have honestly fought “ History of the All-Union in the development of cattle our peaceful relations with other ed in Stalin’s own hand: preciated to foreign affairs, also with of these or those government ot fo r almost fo rty years in the Communist Party (Bolshe­ breeding, . But our project was hations were often threatened, “ In this fig h t against the matters of internal construc­ party leaders who were still ac« ranks of the party for the viks), Short Course,” written KHRUSHCHEV CALL not accepted and in February. because one-man decisions could skeptics and capitulators, the tion and domestic policy. tive and in good health. Many o^ good and the prosperity of by Comrade Stalin and ap­ FOR TRUTH 1953 was laid aside entirely. cause, and often did cause, great Trotskyites, Zinovievites, Bu- "2. The Sextet is to add to u$ participated in the action of the nation. proved by a commission of the What is more, while reviewing complications. kharinites and Kamenevites, ■Stalin loved to see the film its roster the Chairman of the assigning our names to various "Today I, a 62-year-old man, Central Committee, All-Union this project Stalin proposed that SOVIET PROGRESS there was definitely welded to­ “ The Unforgettable Year of State Commission of Economic towns, districts, factories and am being threatened by the Communist party (Bolsheviks). the taxes paid by the Kolkhozes HAILED gether, after Lenin’s death, 1919,” in which he was shown Planning of the U. S. S. R., kolkhozes. We must correct this. investigative judges with more Add anything more? (Anima­ and by the Kolkhoz workers In the last years, when we that leading core of the party on the steps of an armored train Comrade Voznesensky, and is (Applause.) severe, cruel and degrading tion in the hall.) should be raised by 40,000,000,- managed to free ourselves of the . . .* that upheld the great and where he was practically to be known as a Septet. B ut this should be done calm­ methods of physical pressure. As you see, a surprising meta­ 000 rubles. According to him the harmful practice of the cult of banner of Lenin, rallied the vanquishing the foe with his own “ Signed: Secretary of the ly and slowly. The Central They [the judges] are no morphosis changed the work peasants are w ell-off and the the individual and took several party behind Lenin’s behests, sabre. Let Kliment Yefremovich Central Committee, J. Stalin.” Committee w ill discuss this longer capable of becoming created by a group into a book Kolkhoz worker would need to proper steps in the sphere of in­ and brought the Soviet people [Voroshilov], our dear friend, What a terminology of a card matter and consider it carefully aware of their error and of written by Stalin. It is not nec­ sell only one more chicken to ternal and external policies, into the broad road of indus­ find the necessary courage and player! (Laughter in the hall.) to prevent errors and excesses. recognizing that their han­ essary to state how and why this pay his tax in full. everyone saw how activity grew trializing the country and col­ write the truth about Stalin; It is clear that the creation with­ I can remember how the Ukraine dling of my catee is illegal and metamorphosis took place. - Imagine what this meant. before their very eyes, how the lectivising the rural economy. after all, he knows how Stalin in the Political Bureau of this learned about Kosior’s arrest. inperm issible. They try to A pertinent question comes to Certainly 40,000,000,000 rubles creative activity of the broad The leader of this core and hiad fougbt. It will be difficult type of commissions— "quintets,” The Kiev radio used to start its ju stify their actions by pic­ our mind: If Stalin is the author is a sum which the Kolkhoz working masses developed, how the guiding force of the party for Comrade Voroshilov to un­ “ sextets,” “ septets,” and “ noven­ programs thus: “This is Radio turing me as a hardened and of this book, why did he need workers did not realize for all favorably all this acted upon the and the state was Comrade dertake this, but it would be aries,”—was against the prin­ (in tlie name of) Kosior.” When raving enemy and are demand­ to praise the person of historical the products which they sold to developments of the economy and Stalin.” good if he did it. Everyone will ciple of collective leadership. one day the programs began ing increased repressions. But period of our glorious Commu­ the Government. In 1952, for in­ of culture. (Applause.) Thus writes Stalin himself! •approve of it, both the people The result of this was that some without naming Kosior, every­ let the party know that I am nist party solely into an action stance, the Kolhoze-s and the (Some comrades may ask us: Then he adds: and the party. Even his grand­ members of the Political Bureau one was quite certain that some­ innocent and that there is of “ the Stalin genius?” Kolkhoz workers received 26,- Where were the members of the "Although he performed his sons w ill thank him. (Prolonged were in this way kept away from thing had happened to Kosior, nothing which can turn a Did bids book property- reflect 280,000,000 rubles fo r all their Political Bureau • of the Central task of leader of the party and applause.) participation in reaching the that he prdbably had been ar­ loyal son of the party into an the efforts of the party in the products delivered and sold to Committee ? Why did they not the people with consummate In speaking about the events most important state matters. rested. enemy, even rig ht up to his Socialist transformation of the the Government. assert themselves against the skill and enjoyed the unre­ of the October Revolution and One of the oldest members of Thus, if today we begin to re­ last dying breath. country, in the construction of cult of the individual in time? served support of the entire about the Civil War, the impres­ Did Stalin’s position then rest our party, Kliment Yefremovich move the signs everywhere anti "B ut 1 have no way out. I Socialist society, in the indus­ And why is this being done only Soviet people, Stalin never al­ sion was created that Stalin on . data of any sort whatever ? Voroshilov, found himself in an to change names, people w ill cannot divert from myself the' trialization and collectivization now ? lowed his work to be marred always played the main role, as Of course not. almost impossible situation. For think, that these comrades in hastily approaching new and of the country, and also other First of all we have to con­ by the slightest hint of vanity, if everywhere and always Stalin In such cases facts and several years he was actually whose honor the given enter­ powerful blows. steps taken by the party which sider the fact that the members conceit or seif-adulation.” had suggested to Lenin what to figures did not interest him. If deprived of the right of partic­ prises, kolkhozes or cities are "Everything, however, has its undeviatingly traveled the path of the Political Bureau viewed Where and when could a leader do and how to do it. However, Stalin said anything, it meant it ipation in Political Bureau ses­ named, also met some bad fate lim its. My torture has reached outlined by Lenin? This book these matters in a different way so praise himself? Is this worthy this is slander of Lenin. (Pro­ was so— after all, he was a sions. Stalin forbade him to at­ and that they have also been the extreme. My health is speaks principally about Stalin, at different times. Initially, of a leader of the Marxist-Len- longed applause.) “ genius” and a genius does not tend the Political Bureau ses­ arrested. (Animation in- the broken, my strength and my about his speeches, about his re­ many of them backed Stalin inist type? No. Precisely against I w ill probably not sin against need to count, he only needs to sions and to receive documents. hall.) energy are waning, the end is ports. Everything without the as one of the strongest Marx­ this did Marx and Engels take the truth when I say that 99 per­ look and can immediately teli When the Political Bureau was How is the authority and the drawing near. To die in a smallest exception is tied to his ists and his logic, his strength such a strong position. This also cent of the persons present here how it should be. When he ex­ in session and Comrade Voro­ importance of this- or that lead­ Soviet prison, branded as a name. and his w ill greatly influenced was always sharply condemned heard and knew very little about presses his opirtion, everyone shilov heard about it, he tele­ er judged? On the basis of how vile, traitor to the fatherland And when Stalin himself as­ the cadres and party work. —what can be more monstrous by Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. Stalin before the year 1924, has to repeat it gnd to admire phoned each time and asked many towns, industrial enter­ serts that he himself wrote the while Lenin was known to all; It is known that Stalin, after for an honest man. And how In the draft text of his book his wisdom. whether he would- be allowed to prises and factories, kholkozes "Short Course of the History of he was known to the whole Lenin’s death, especially during monstrous all this isl Unsur­ appeared the following sentence: attend. Sometimes Stalin per­ and sovkhozes carry his name! the All-Union Communist Party party, to whole nation, from the WISDOM OF TAX the firs t years, actively fought passed bitterness and pain ".Stalin is the Lenin of today.” mitted it, but always showed his Is it not about time that we (Bolsheviks),” this calls at least children up to the graybeards. QUESTIONED for Leninism against the ene­ grips my heart. This sentence appeared to Stalin dissatisfaction. eliminate this “private property” fo r amazement. Can a Marxist- (Tumultuous, prolonged ap­ But how much wisdom was mies of Leninist theory and "'No! No! This w ill not hap­ to be too weak, so in his own and “ nationalize” the factories, Leninist thus write about him­ plause.), contained in the proposal to against those who deviated. VOROSHILOV UNDER pen; this cannot be—I cry. handwriting he changed it to the industrial enterprises, the self, praising his own person to A ll this has to be thoroughly raise the agricultural tax by 40,- Beginning with Leninist theory, SUSPICION (Neither the party, nor the read: kolkhozes and the Sovkhozes? the heavens? 00.0,000,000 rubles? None, abso­ the party, with its Central Com­ Because of his extreme sus­ iSoviet Government,, nor the "Stalin is the worthy continuer revised, so that history, litera­ (Laughter, applause, voices: of Lenin’s work, or, as it is said Or let. us take the matter of ture, and the fine arts properly lutely none, because the pro­ mittee at the head, started on picion, Stalin toyed also with the People’s Commissar, L. P. “That is right.” ) This will bene­ the Stalin prizes. (Movement in reflect V. I. Lenin’s role and posal was not based on an ac­ a great scale the work of Social­ absurd and ridiculous suspicion Beria, w ill permit this cruel in our party, Stalin is the Lenin fit our cause. After all the cult of today.” You see how well it the hall.) Not even the Czars the great deeds of our Commu­ tual assessment of the situation ist industrialization of the coun­ that Voroshilov was an English irreparable injustice. I am of the individual is manifested created prizes which they named nist party and of the Soviet but on the fantastic ideas of a try, agricultural collectivization agent. (Laughter in the hall.) firmly certain that given a is said, not by the nation but also in this way. after themselves. - people—the creative people. (Ap­ person divorced from reality. and the cultural revolution. It’s true, an English agent. A quiet, objective examination, by Stalin himself. We should in all seriousness plause.) We are currently beginning A t that time Stalin gained special tapping device was in­ without any foul rantings, It is possible to give many S'TALIN PRAISED IN- consider the question of the cul ? Comrades! The cult of the in­ slowly to work our way out of great popularity, sympathy and stalled in his home to listen to without any anger and with­ such self-praising appraisals ANTHEM of the individual. We cannot let dividual has caused the em­ à difficult agricultural situa­ support. The party had to fig h t what was said’ ; there. Indigna­ out the fearful tortures, it written into the draft text of. this matter get out of the party, \ Stalin recognized as the best ployment of faulty principles tion. The speeches of the dele­ those who attempted to lead the tion in the hall.) ■would be easy to prove the that book in Stalin’s hand. Espe­ especially not to the press. It a text of the national anthem of in party work and in economic gates to the Twentieth Congress country away from the correct By unilaterial decision StaLin ■baselessness of the charges. cially generously does he endow is fo r this reason that we are the Soviet Union which contains activity. It brought about rude pleased us all. We are glad that Leninist path; it had to fig h t had also separated one other ■I -believe deeply that truth and himself with praises -pertaining considering it here at a closed not a word about the Communist violation of internal party and many delegates deliver speeches, Trotskyites, Zinovievites and man from the work of the Polit­ •justice will triumph. I believi.-. to his m ilitary genius, to his Congress session. We should party; it contains, however, the Soviet democracy, sterile ad­ that there are conditions fo r the rightists, and the bourgeois ical Bureau—Andrei Andreye- j I believe.” talent for strategy. know the limits-; we should not following unprecedented praise ministration, deviations of all. fulfillment of the Sixth Five- nationalists. This fight was in­ vich Andreyev. This was one of • The old Bolshevik, Comrade I w ill cite one more insertion give ammunition to the enemy; of Stalin: sorts, covering up of shortcom­ Year Plan for animal hus­ dispensable. the most unbridled acts of w ill­ Kedrov, was found innocent by made by Stalin concerning the we should not wash our dirty “ Stalin brought us up in loy­ ings and varnishing of reality'. bandry, not during the period Later, however, Stalin, abus­ fulness. the Military Collegium. But de­ theme of the Stalinist m ilitary linen before their eyes. I think alty to the people. He inspired Our nation gave birth to many of five years, but within two to ing his power more and more, Let us consider the firs t Cen­ spite this, he was shot at Beria’s genius. He writes: that the delegates to the Con­ us to great toil and acts.” flatterers and specialists in three years. We are certain that began to fig h t eminent party tral Committee Plenum after the order. (Indignation in the hall.) "The advanced Soviet science gress w ill understand and as­ In these lines of the anthem is false optimism and deceit. the commitments of the new and Government leaders and to Nineteenth Party Congress when sess properly all these proposals. SUICIDE OF ‘Ommited portion of list as found in “ A the whole educational direction­ S h o rt liio K ra p h y /’ by Joseph Stalin. Mos­ We should also not forget Five-Year Plan w ill be accom­ use terroristic methods against Stalin, in his talk at the plenum, ■ORDZHONIKIDZE cow: Foreign Languages Publishing al and inspirational activity of thi :t due to the numerous ar­ plished successfully. (Prolonged honest Soviet people. As we characterized Vyacheslav M ik­ PARTY POLICY PROPOSED * Beria also bandied cruelly the House. 1949. P. 89, is as follows:^“ . . . the great Leninist party ascribed rests of party, Soviet and eco­ applause.) have already shown, Stalin thus hailovich Molotov and Anastas Comrades: We must abolish consisting of Stalin, Molotov, Kalinin, -family of Comrade Ordzhoni- Voroshilov. Kuibyshev, Frunze. Dzer­ to iSlalin. This is, of course, a nomic leaders, many workers be­ Comrades! If we sharply handled such eminent party and Ivanovich Mikoyan and sug­ the cult of the individual deci­ ’kidze. Why? Because Ordzho- zhinsky, Kaganovich, Ordzdonikidze. K i­ clear deviation from Marxism- gan to work uncertainly, showed criticize today the cult of the government leaders as Kosior, gested that these old workers of sively, once and for all; we must -nikidze had tried to prevent rov, Vai oslav.sky, Mikoyan, Andreyev, draw the proper conclusions con- Shvernik Zhdanov, Shlciryatov aud oth­ Leninism, a clear debasing and over - cautiousness, feared all individual which was so wide­ Rudzutak, Eike, Postyshev and our parky were guilty of some 'Beria from realizing his shame- ers.** belittling of the role of the Par­ which was new, feared their own spread during Stalin’s life and1 many others. baseless charges. I t is not ex­ (Continucd on page 8) THE MILITANT — Page Seven *ob«aiptlon 98 par year; Signed article* by oontrlb •1.60 for 6 month», Y'oreirn: ators do not necessarily rep resent The M ilitant*» policie» »4*80 par year; $2. id for 6 t o e MILITANT These are expressed hi It* .month». Canadian: $3.50 per Published Weekly In the Interests of the W orking People editorials. rear; $1.75 for 6 months. THE MILITANT PUBLISHING ASSOCIATION "Entered as second class Bundle Order»: B or more.. 116 University PI., N. Y. 3. N. Y. Phone: AL 6-746» m a tte r M a rc h 7, 1944 a t the copte» 6c each in U.S., 7o. Post Office at New York. UAW Past Tailored to Fit Reuther’s Needs Editor: MURRY WKIS8 •ach in foreign countries. N.Y.. under the act of March Business Manager: ANNE CHESTER &. 1870." By Harry Ring - ( fi Of)of the auto workers union in militants and radicals, including- The United Automobile Work­ 1936-7. The A pril 1936 UAW Reuther himself, then a member, Vol. XX — No. 24 Monday, June 11, 1956 ers union was the most dynamic How the VA Built convention successfully defied of the Socialist Party. In 1939,j symbol of the great uprising -of Dillon and elected its own top M artin defected to the AFL., the industrial workers during officers. Several months later The overwhelming m ajority ofi1 the depression-ridden Thirties. the UAW formally affiliated the auto workers renewed their, On June 3, the UAW opened an with the CIO. pledge of loyalty to the CIO, —Trotskyism Vindicated eight-day period of official cele­ Perhaps the most significant and elected R. J. Thomas to re-A bration of the “ founding con­ single event at the A p ril 1936 place Martin as president. (Continued from page I) tion and collectivization was conducted. A ’ vention of the UAW which was convention was the political ac­ A t the UAW ’s 1941 conven­ tion resolution adopted by the tion, it was Reuther who intrO’ y interests that Stalin did: the interests of the great progress that took place wa held A pril 27, 1936 at South Bend, Indiana. '“ This is a proper delegates. This resolution called duced an amendment to the un­ the'bureaucratic caste that rules the Soviet despite Stalin and Stalinism and attests t occasion to review the origin for the formation of a labor ion constitution that for the firs t” Union. the enormous social power unleashed b md development of a union party and exposed the anti- time deprived members of their In tracing the struggle between Trot­ the socialist revolution in October 1917. that continues to play a key labor actions of the Roosevelt union rights on the grounds of, The central struggle between Stalinrsr. role in the American labor move­ administration. The politically political belief. The Reuther skyism and Stalinism, from its point of conservative leadership of the amendment denied '‘communists’ , and Trotskyism was over the question o ment. origin in the Soviet Union to its world­ Although the UAW leaders CIO ‘ intervened with a plea to the right to hold union office. wide development, Communist workers “socialism in one country.” In this newt now date the founding o fith e the delegates to support Roose­ The official account of this' seeking the tru th wall find th a t the rise d¥ discovered theory the bureaucratic cast union to the April J936 con­ velt. The labor party resolution period curiously omits Roose­ was finally adopted, but with found the expression of its hatred for the vention. the UAW was chartered velt’s breaking of the North a privileged bureaucracy in the Soviet inclusion of a hotly-debated American Aviation strike in* Union was the social foundation fo r the traditions of the October revolution. Thi: by the AFL as an international union at a founding convention amendment to support Roosevelt June 1941. The UAW leaders,' formation of the Stalinist faction in the tradition oppressed them. It cast a crue in August, 1935, before the CIO in 1936. including Keuther, covered up' light on their petty scramble for materia for Roosevelt when he sent fed-'^ Communist Party of the USSR. existed. ., T h e s it d o w n privilege and power. “Socialism in one The J.'ne, 1956, issue of „the eral troops to smash the picket­ Lenin was keenly aware of this risin g When the GM strike broke out United Automobile Worker, the lines. bureaucracy in the Soviet government and ^country” meant the abandonment of the a month after the Nov. 1936 UAW ’s paper, describes the his­ W ith U. S. entry into World' perspective of international socialist revo­ elections, -Roosevelt not only ■in the party. A study of the available docu­ toric milestones of the rise of A scene during one of the historic UAW sitdown strikes in War II, the entire top UAW' did nothing to aid the strikers, ments will show that in the last period of lution which to the bureaucracy was a the UAW as interpreted by its 1937. During this tutbulent period workers in the auto and leadership, from Reuther through he actually tried to stab them diversion from the main issue — the present leadership. This “ pffi- other basic (industries wan recognition for their new industrial the Stalinists, combined to im -’ his life he proposed a collaboration with in the back. cial” history misrepresents cer­ unions by the m ilitant new Strategy of occupying the plants pose the no-strike pledge the' Trotsky to open fire against the bureau­ strengthening of their own power, prestige The GM strike was a rank tain important phases of the un­ 'u n til their demands were met. wage freeze and the speedup on' and revenues. and file uprising. During this cratic menace: in particular, at its main ion’s development and omits the workers. By the time of the: strike the sitdown tactic reach­ representative — Joseph Stalin! The practical consequences of the new others. union’s 1944 convention the autxn mlnated in a six-day pitched Nevertheless, fo r the firs t ed its most effective peak. The national, conservative, bureaucratic regime workers were in open revolt Thus, already in. 1922-23 Stailin was, in battle between the Toledo work­ time in its history, GM was stronghold of the strikers was in the Soviet Union for the fate of the CORRECTION IN DATE against the no-strike pledge. I f Lenin’s eyes, the personification of the e d and the National Guard. forced to recognize a union. It in Flint. OIO President John The struggles that shaped the took the comb'ned leadership world revolution was incalculable. Stalin­ made a public stipulation, an­ L. Lewis backed the sit- growing bureaucratic caste. To Lenin it basic* character of the UAW and AUTO-LITE STRIKE five days to hammer down, thej ism strangled the independence and inner- nouncing that the corporation downers publicly and when was a question of life or death for the distinguished it for many years The Auto-Lite strike was be­ ranks and narrewly defeat a would meet with a union com­ Roosevelt proposed that the Soviet Republic whether the proletarian democratic life of the Communist parties date back not to 1936 but to ing strangled by a ho-pieketing resolution calling for the scrap­ mittee, rehire all , strikers and F lint strikers leave the plant in all countries. Stalin used his powerful 1934. These two vital years of injunction when the leaders of base of the party would succeed in con­ raise wages. This union victory in return for a one month con­ ping of the no-strike pledge. 1934 and 1935 are referred to the Lucas County (Toledo) Un­ Reuther’s tricky maneuvers help- < tro llin g and eventually destroying the apparatus to destroy these parties as helped pave the way for the tract, Lewis coldly rejected this only incidentally, and then in ed defeat the resolution by a viable revolutionary instruments of the employed League, Sam Pollock great GM strike of 1936L37. outrageous proposition. bureaucratic tendencies, or, whether the distorted fashion, in this offb and Ted Sélander, advised the siim margin. The firs t reference to W alter bureaucracy would become uncontrolled proletariat in the capitalist countries. cial version of the union’s his­ judge in w riting that they in­ FIGHT FOR DEMOCRACY Reuther in Edward Levinson’s REUTHER ELECTED and destroy the party and place the revo­ Pliant functionaries, ready to carry out tory. tended to picket thè plant in In 1935, the auto workers also book. Labor on the March, de­ Reuther moved to rehabilitate’ lution itself in jeopardy. the orders of the Stalinist power in the Reuther and his lieutenants defiance of his ban. Both unem­ began the fig h t to establish the scribing the rise of the CIO, try to conceal from today’s mem­ ployed leaders were associated his damaged reputation by tak­ Kremlin, replaced genuine revolutionary kind of internal union structure tells about him leading a con­ bership the fact that the UAW ing leadership of the post-war leaders. With the American Workers Par­ necessary to advance the cause tingent of 500 from his amal­ Issue of Party Democracy waged its founding battles large­ ty, which was soon to merge GM strike, which 'his faetionàlr of industrial unionism. A t the gamated West Side local in De­ Moreover, Statin used the Communist ly under the leadership of radi­ with the Trotskyists to form opponents and the Stalinists op­ In his last Testament, Lenin, worried 1935 convention, a great battle tro it to aid the F lin t strikers. parties as pawns in his diplomatic maneu­ cals, including the Trotskyists, what was to become the Socialist posed. As a result of the “ one- for union democracy took place, ] Following the GM victory, about the rapid growth of Stalin’s bureau­ Stalinists and Socialists. The Workers Party. Their defiance at-a-time” policy the strike vers with imperialism. Khrushchev told in which the delegates sought the UAW consolidated its forces cratic clique power, called for the removal union was built in fierce strug­ of the injunction rallied tens of to oust Francis Dillon who had stretched out for 113 da vs but. only part of the story when he described in other leading companies, ended in victory. Thé UAW con­ o f Stalin from his post as General Secre­ gle against the class-collabora­ thousands to a titanic battle been appointed their president such as Chrysler. In April 1941 Stalin’s self-evaluation as a genius m ilitary tionist A FL bureaucracy and that won a signed contract and vention in March 1946, while ta ry o f the party. A t the same tim e he was by W illiam Green. They were the union toppled Ford with a strategist and the terrible consequence? the infant union’s internal dem­ the GM strike was still on, elect­ preparing to come out at the 12th party the first great victory in the forced to beat a temporary re­ tremendous strike. in terms of workers’ lives. Stalin played ocracy helped assure its victory auto industry. ed Reuther to the union presi­ congress in open, struggle against Stalin’s treat. But the way was soon with revolutions in the same way, sacrific­ over the AFL officialdom. Auto unionization spread to cioened for them to overthrow INTERNAL UNION FIGHT dency. bureaucratic and chauvinist conduct in ing the proletariat of Spain for examph Most of the present-day UAW the Toledo Chevrolet plant. The the craft union despots with the This period also was marked From this point on, Reuther relation to the national question. leaders, including President Wal- workers, led by Trotskyists, formation in November, ,5935, by growth of an unprincipled moved ruthlessly to consolidate to the completely illusory advantages of ter Reuther, were not associated struck on A p ril 1, 1935. The of the CIO. his machine control, weaken the With Lenin’s death Trotsky continued diplomatic arrangements with the capital factional struggle for power the struggle against the Stalinist bureau­ with these early battles. Theji rank-and-file strike leaders The present UAW leaders among the top UAW leaders. constitutional provisions for un­ 1st “democracies,” who were also content did not come on to the national :, sought to extend the strike, b u t1 want to give credit fo r the ion democracy and stifle the cratic formation. A deep factional struggle Reuther displayed real talent to watch the Spanish proletariat drown in scene until after the UAW w a s l,tl$ A hL otticials blocked its founding of the union and its for the slipperiest kind of foot­ militancy of the rank and file. developed and the firs t issue of the faction a fascist bloodbath. established as an international spread. Francip Dillon, W illiam subsequent victories, at least in work in internal Union fights. In 1950, Reuther signed his no­ struggle was party democracy. union. Green’s personal representative, part, to their Democratic Party In 1937, he was lined up with torious five-year GM pact. Hard­ Khrushchev continues to falsify history Two outstanding strikes, bothil by threatening to yank the un­ hero, Franklin D. Roosevelt. But the so-called U nity Caucus along ly was the ink dry, when Tru­ Who Fought for Leninism centered in. Toledo, laid the foun­ I ion’s charter, finally forced the man’s “police action’’ in Korea _whenJhe cjaitns that the,,^ptsltytet left it was the moral and material with the Stalinists. Homer Mar­ The b itte r consequences o f the theory’d'f" dation stones of-the UAW.-> Fisstf»Strikers to accept a settlement aid extended by the-CIO, headed tin, then UAW president,, tried- began and- prices shot -up. By opposition was defeated by “ ideological socialism in one country are spelled out in was the . epic Toledo Auto-Lite W ithout an actual sighed con1 by John £,. Lewis, which gave to maintain dictatorial power 1953, the UAW had to invoke means.” The facts show otherwise. From strike of Miay 1934, wfhich cul-y tract. the impetus fo r the expansion the principle of the ‘‘living agree­ the terrible defeats of the working class by red-baiting attacks on union the beginning the Stalinist faction em­ ment” in order to break the in one revolutionary situation after an­ ployed the method of economic pressure, chains of the five-year don- other. In all these events the Trotskyists tract. including the expulsion and firing of Com­ fought for a revolutionary Leninist policy, When the 1955 spring contract munist workers adhering to the opposition, Ford Local Debates Civil Rights talks began automation and un­ exposing the blunders and betrayals of frame-ups and amalgams, including the DETROIT — The Negro strug­ employment had become press­ Stalinism. In this way and in this way thorize its leadership to prepare of democracy and freedom to help tried to turn it into, like many “ uncovering” of “secret plots” with agents gle in the South is producing a statement denouncing Huh remove file ugly sca-r of ‘Hub­ ing issues. Many union mem­ only could the future reconstitution of the another union bureaucrat who of the White Guards and the class enemy. political repercussions ail o vet bard. A statement was prepared bard« sm.’ ” attempts to befog issues when bers, including Ford Local 600, world vanguard revolutionary party be the country. It has exposed the by one of President Carl Stel- advocated the program of the 30- The firs t steps were minor when compared members stand up to vote a-ga’ns, liberal Democrats like Adlai lato’s a-ide-s and adopted by the SHY OF FIGHT him. But even as a vote of con­ hour week at 40 hours pay. Reu­ to the wholesale murder and te rro r later- prepared. Communist workers and youth seeking Stevenson as fakers who give executive board in April. The same kind of report, if i-1 fidence in the Stellate leadership ther had attacked this program employed but they were unmistakable as lip-service to civil rights but The M ilitant has called the at the 1953 convention as “ com­ to prepare themselves for- revolutionary was directed against Eastland, it was not impressive because his a symptom of bureaucratic degeneration. refuse to fight the segregationist statement ‘‘shockingly mild.” and* would s-urely pass unanimously in majority wa® the smallest he has munist” and put over his so-call­ Who was politically right in the early events will find no other arsenal of Marx­ forces in their own party; And it that’s a mild way of putting it. the General Council. But Hub- received on any major issue in ed Guaranteed Annual Wage ist strategy and tactics than the works of is uncovering a number of Adlai The statement spoke of “ ah hard is closer than Eastland; Local 600 for several years. plan. The new three-year GM struggle over the issue o f party democ­ Trotsky during the epoch of S talinist reac­ Stevensons right inside the labor alleged anti-American statement opening a real tight against hi»> Stellato got his majority, and contract contained a GAW plan racy? The Trotskyist Left Opposition, movement, even among labor purportedly” made by Hubbard only “in principle,” providing tion. would take more than resolution:', Hubbard must be breathing easier. which warned that the party was being leaders who have been counted as and reaffirmed its traditional sup­ and ta lk; and the leadership o But that doesn’t end the issue. for a maximum of six months strangled in the grip of a bureaucratic The struggle continues in every country progressive on this issue. port of traditional civil^rights Local 600. despite its reaffi-wr-• The FEP Committee was com­ unemployment insurance supple­ Take Ford Local 600 of the proposals regardless of who may ments, averaging between seven parasitic growth on the body of the first to this very day. The basic policies of thf tions of civil rights in general, is pletely correct when it said this United Auto Workers, for ex­ oppose them, “ whether it be Sen­ not at all eager to ehgage in e. is an issue you can’t evade. Adla' and eight dollars a week. workers’ state in history? Or Stalin, who Communist parties were shaped by the rule of Stalinism. Under Stalinism the clasr ample. In his new book, “ Ne­ ator Eastland, Mayor Hubbard or flight with Hubbard. Stevenson is learning that. And With the contract less than a was busy advancing the faction on which groes on tihe March,” Daniel ex-Governor Talmadge.” year old, the auto corporations struggle doctrine of Marx and Lenin has This became plain when Stel­ the labor leaders are going tc the bureaucratic caste had fixed its hopes? Guerin writes that since its As weak as dishwater, the la to urged the Council to reject learn it too. Either you fight Jim this spring started mass layoffs. been perverted and distorted into its op formation Local 600 “ has oc­ Who was politically right in that fight? statement even added: “However the FEP Commrttee’s report. But Crow or you lend it assistance, But those fired before May 2 posite. Here in the U.S. we witness the cupied a high place nmon ; we will not get into the luxury it. took a lot of doing, and he had passively or actively. There is no wild receive no supplemental Let the Communist Workers judge in the American trade unions for - it debasement of Leninism in the spectacle of personal arguments with those to bring considerable pressure to middle ground, and those who try benefits at all. About 90 percent light of history. •ecord -of harmonious race rela­ of those now laid o ff are not of the Communist Party leaders trying L who, as is their right, differ with bear t-o get a slight majority. to stand on it w ill be swept aside tions and of bringing Negro e.- lis on this matter, since persona with the contempt they merit. covered and funds are available pass o ff th e ir support,of the Democrati- The vote was 67 against the Trotsky and Industrialization into the leadership.” lngnimeritis - will not establish civi’ report to 57 for it; even two of for about a months payment for Ibirty — in the name of Lenin. Relatively speaking, that’s true nights. Civil rights can only b( the officers disregarded Stellato’e those covered. Khrushchev also lies when he credits ilthough if Negroes share in (hr, established firm ly by the enact­ plea. UAW Local Rejects Reuther’s demagogy and fine local leadership it’s not because sounding “ plans” enabled him Stalin with leadership in the struggle to Politics of Stalinism ment. and enforcement of the The breach in the General ’Coun­ Non-'Red' Oath to rise to the top of the UAW. industrialize the Soviet Union and declares anyone “ brought” them there but proper laws and the education o! cil was so wide that Stellate felt The politics of the Stalinist bureaucrac: because they represent about e Members of I.-ocal 424, United But his radicalism is in the long, the people of this nation to accep compelled in the next issue -of the Trotskyist political line would have quarter of the membership and and conform to such law's,” etc. Auto Workers in Buffalo, recently dead past. He now whoops it up in the Soviet union is the politics of class Ftord Facts to defend himself. prevented the economic successes of the defeated a resol-ition that would for capitalism ^nd is working collaboration. The bureaucracy, like ever) ■"ought for and won positions of. Hlis administration, he said, NOT PERSONAL DISPUTE lrave required officers, committee- with might and main to corral workers state. Everything is exactly in leadership. doesn’t have to apologize fo r its petty-bourgeois formation, wishes, tc But Negro and white militants men and convention delegates to reverse as far as the facts are concerned. But even- in Local 600 the new stand oh civil rights; its original votes fo r the Democrats. He mediate between the basic class force? ¡n the local don’t think th-eiir d if­ sign that they' did not belong to tb&ge in the Negro sbrugigiie. hiii- statement he claimed, was “ forth­ red-baits more fiercely than I t was Trotsky and the Left-Opposition and maintain its position at the summit o vrodiuced tensions, Conflict« and ferences with Hubbard are c groups on the Attorney-General’s Homer Martin red-baited him that proposed the first five-year plan and ‘‘personal argument,” and they rig ht” ; he said he had opposed subversive list. According to the Soviet society. As long as it can maintain ’(ivisions between those who mean the FEP report as an “ unneces­ in the Thirties. know the local has adopted t May 19 Labor’s Daily, the local r a campaign for collectivization of agricul­ b tsiness on civil rights and those sary ami unwarranted attack oi But the facts of life are teach­ its parasitic position it will declare thf hundred statement« in ch stronger was smeared as CP infiltrated in ture. The faction of Stalin, which at that ■ ho .don't want to do any rivor the officers and membership” by ing the auto workers many vital “ irrevocable trium ph of socialism” ha: than this one on civil rights the John F. Note Smith Act trial lessons; Their great founding il-jan they have to. . . allegedly inferring thtat they were time leaned for social support on the been achieved in the Soviet Union and i‘ developments in the South. Pres­ and officers capitulated to the tradition of union democracy “running away” from the issue. wealthy peasantry (Kulaks) and the petty- will, call for peaceful coexistence wit) A RABID RACIST sure began- to grow for a stronger witch-hunt pressure. and militancy w ill be recalled businessmen (Nepmen), opposed Trotsky’s capitalism in the rest of the world. The -big Ford Rouge plant and stand, and the local's Flair Em­ NO MIDDLE GROUND and inspire them anew. As they ' oeal 600 are both situated in concept of industrialization as “utopian.” ployment Practices Committee “ This was not a vote for or A One-Year Subscription showed the way during the he­ But the march of world revolutionär) Dtlarborn, and the mayor "o ’’ drew up a stronger report, on The Stalinists ridiculed in particular Trot­ against civil rights — it was b roic rise of CIO industrial union­ forces are stronger than these aspiration- Dearborn is- Orville Hubbard. The Hiibbard and presented it to the ' to THE MILITANT ism, they have the opportunity sky’s proposal for the Dniepestroy dam. vote of confidence in the local of the bureaucracy. The power of soda' word “ vicious” is often overused General Counci) nreetih-g on administration and its policy,” he Only $3 to lead in the ne:ft great fo r­ in radical [>apers, but there really The apposition was derided as “super- revolution and colonial revolt has bee: May 13. declared. Anyhow, that’s what he 116 University PL. N. Y. 3. N. Y ward step of American labor by industrializers” and were accused of “ un­ mounting since World -War II. The nev. :s no other word bo describe Hub­ “ It is our firm belief,” Raid the carrying through the project derestimating the peasantry.” bard. He is the most v.icious racist FBP report, rthat an issue can posed at the^' »convention 20 world situation has already put capitalise oldin-g any -public office in the never be resolved by runnim years ago — the building of la­ at an enormous disadvantage. The reverb Nlo.rth, a genuine counterpart of away from it, or by taking e CHICAGO Detroit Fri. Night The Central Struggle bor’s own political party. erations of this process within the Sovie’ Oast-land. ‘hands o ff’ policy.” It proposed Socialist Forum Union are to be found precisely in thi Like other northern racists who that Hubbard “ should be answered Debate : But events bore out the correctness of are emboldened by the growing bluntly and straightforwardly by the Left Opposition’s viewpoint. Even after frantic moves of the bureaucracy to attacks on- the Negro movement Local 600. . . The issue is clear Is Soviet Union Book - A - Month Stalin succeeded in expelling the prole­ destroy the Stalin cult and yield concession as“ extremist,” Hubbard has be­ as stated by Walter Reuther when A Workers State? Myra Tanner Weiss The Explosion tarian wing of the party headed by T ro t­ after concession to the Soviet workers. come more outspoken lately. The he said, “There is no room in thf Socialist Workers Party The Soviet workers emerged from the Montgomery Advertiser, as pah Democratic Party for E a stla n d Vice-Presidential Candidate A factual report of the sky, he was forced to adopt the industrial­ of its campaign to “justify” Jim YES : Myra Tanner Weiss. war feeling a new confidence and power. and labor’ ; we in Local 600 say w ill s-peak on June, 1953 uprising of the ization program of the opposition. How­ Crow in the South, got Hubbard ‘There is no room in Dearbon Vice Presidential Candidate, East German workers ever, in the hands of the bureaucracy in­ They are aware of the world upsurge to grant at an interview whtioh for both Hubbard and Local 60<" Socialist Workers Party “THE NEW EVENTS IN THE SOVIET UNION; THEIR By Rainier Hildebrandt dustrialization was now to be carried out against capitalism. They are showing in has been hailed by segregation­ . . . Hubbard must go.’ ” NO: Sidney Lens, MEANING FOR AMERICAN ■’ Published at $3.75 at the cost of .terrible sacrifices of the work­ many ways that they w ill not tolerate the ists everywhere! ■ The committee added a ‘‘soiemr Trade-Union Official Hubbard not only declared that WORKERS” Special price ing alass. Untold waste resulted from the bureaucracy in the Soviet union for long warning” to the leaders and mem and Author he is “fo r complete segregation bens of the local: “ There is- no $ 1.00 caprice, ignorance, preoccupation with -- They are opening a new stage in the Rus­ one million per cent on ail levels,” longer a mfddUe ground,; you are Wed., June 13 - 8:00 P. M. Friday, June 15 - 8 P. M. (plus 15c. mailing charge) feathering their own nests, sloth and mis­ sian revolution. This new stage must but he also boasted gleefully that! either for the Consfiti Ition of bV Payments must accompany management of the bureaucratic regime. culminate in a political revolution against Dearborn is lily-white, thanks to United Skates or for Jim Crow Flemish Room 3737 Woodward, 2nd Floor order his -policy of preventing Negroes Now is the time fo r Local 600 Read Khrushchev’s description of how the Stalinist regime which will provide a Hamilton Hotel Donation 25c. PIONEER PUBLISHERS from moving in. as in the past, to take a clear Stalin directed the war and you get an new and irrésistible impetus to the world 20 S. Dearborn Free fo r Uh employed .116 University Place The General Council b-f Local concise, cl can-out position and to New York 3, New York inkling of how the drive for industrializa- socialist revolution. ' 600 voted unanimously to au­ throw its full weight on the side The Negro Struggle ------By Jean Blake ------rut MILITANT Defend the NAACP VOLUME XX MONDAY, JUNE 11, 1956 NUMBER 24 An important item in the highly or­ missible to restrict the civil liberties o! ganized white supremacist campaign to persons and organizations that hold sucl maintain and extend Jim Crow in the views; but protested with righteous in­ United States is the plan .to outlaw the dignation that the NAACP is completely Bus Boycott Solid in Florida; National Association for the Advancement loyal to the American way of life — the of Colored People. capitalist system — and therefore should The action of Alabama’s A ttorney Gen­ not be attacked as subversive. erali John Patterson on June 1st in obtain­ That was wrong on many counts, bu< there are three that are particularly per­ 6-Month Alabama Fight Firm ing a court injunction to stop “further activity’’ by the NAACP in that state was tinent to the present situation. First, civi By Henry Gitano t?> liberties, as many of us in the NAAC1 all, singing, got up by sections, “Injunctions against our strag­ press, negotiates, and bakes calè only one in a whole series of legislative, TALLAHASSEE, Fla., June 6 — A disciplined boycott judicial and administrative steps by south­ have said repeatedly, are indivisible. By walked past the front, made their gle can’t stop us. They can’t of whatever else has to be done. granting the government the right tc by this city’s 14,400 Negroes has halted the buses and donation® and returned. $690 was enjoin the forces of justice,” said He told me that the protest was ern states to ban the organization. unified the Negro people her in a powerful struggle for collected while hymns were siung. Rev. King. “No Lord, no they a “crystallization of feeling on- In some states the NAACP has already restrict civil rights for those wtih un­ their right®. can’t,” was the reply from a bhe part of the people who are CAR POOL ORGANIZED been labeled subversive, and its members popular economic or political views The protest was touched o ff gro drivers and a policy of thousand voices. tired of being pushed around, The Inter-Civic transportation barred from holding public office. In NAACP leaders have weakened their case when two Negro co-eds of Florida courtesy. “This is not a drama with one humilitated and treated unju-stly. committee is headed by Dan against the “right” of state governments A & M University were arrested actor, but with more than 50,000 Our cups have ruin over.” others, legislation is either being enacted Speed, whose grocery store serves May 26 after demanding a refund MEETING’S REPLY actors. On the 5 t| of December When the Florida A & M or proposed to require registration of to restrict the civil rights Of those w itl as dispatching center fo r the car students left their mass meeting, of their fare rather than bow Last Sunday night at an Inter- we marched forth and we marched unpopular social views. pool from 6 AM to 10 PM. The 2,300 strong, and stopped the first members with state police agencies, or to to segregation hy vacating their Civic Council mass meeting of well,” said Dr. Kang. He paid telephone is the nerve center. legalize other forms of persecution and Second, by accepting the va lid ity of the seats. The following night a cross more than a thousand Rev. C. K. tribute to courageous Rosa Parks bus May 28, the protest was afoot Drivers, those needing rides, re­ arbitrary federal and state subversive lists was burnt in front of their home. Steele, Counoil president, an­ who started the protest. “ There’s and spread. The boycott was à penalization of those who support its porters, attorneys, leaders of the Thus, Tallahassee is reinforcing nounced that the council had a point beyond which human reality before the IOC came into program. instead of fighting them, NAACP leaders movement, maintain contact. the 6-month bus battle of Mont­ received no copy of the city com­ endurance can go. Rosa Parks being. The splendid disciplin4 failed to teach their members how to fight Through the glass window can be These measures aim to destroy the gomery, Ala., Where I attended’ mission’s statement. He added was the spark that lit the flames. ■ Rev. Steele attributes to “ the long seen- the volunteer drivers — most authoritative national organization the present attack. an Inspiring mass meeting Wo that “ we know what we want and These flames have spread to years of suffering in silence. Now workers, pastors, housewives, through which colored people in this coun­ * Third, by accepting the limitation on nights ago. A local cab driver they know what we want.” This Tallahassee.” There was a thun­ the Negro feels a sense of dignity students. From 6 to 8:30 AM in his own worth. He's sacrificing freedom of political opinions, associations said: ‘'I t ’s remarkable. I t looks was greeted with wild applause. derous applause at mention of try attem pt to utilize the so-called demo­ there are 27 pick-up stations with for something meaningful. While like any people grew up over­ A motion, was made from the Tallahassee. cratic processes in order to win equal and aims imposed by the subversive lists, 43 registered cars. struggling we have great sym­ night.” floor that this demand means: rights. The NAACP should have the sup­ NAACP leaders sold out the right of Ne­ When you pay your fare, you can Most of those in the car pool REGULAR NEWSLETTER pathy for our white brothers. We port of every defender of civil liberties in groes, as well as others, to hold radical THREE DEMANDS sit anywhere you wapt. A vote organize themselves right in The publication of a regular feel that they too are the victim» views. Tallahassee’s Inter-Civic Coun­ was taken. “ A ll those an favor, their neighborhoods. Speed esti­ newsletter with factual accounts of prejudice which has degraded its struggle to maintain its legality. mates that 200 cars not registered of the current MIA situation was both the butcher and the In the South, today, opposition to segre­ cil, set up to lead the protest, aye” — the walls fa irly shook. The charge against the NAACP by the released the following proposals The council announced there with him operate as pick-up announced, beginning next week. butchered.” j southern reactionaries is that the organiza­ gation is subversive, radical, and, from the would be no settlement behind vehicle®. They follow the regular An offering was taken up. The yesterday: RANKS FORCE ISSUE ! tion is subversive, that it aims to over­ viewpoint of the ruling class, foments 1. “ Since the present bus seat­ closed doors. A ll decision® would bus routes. chair chanted: “Just a little talk ing arrangement is economically be made through mass meetings. The local radio reported the with Jesus makes it right all Rev. Steele related that sonjé throw their “way of life,” that it ad­ racial strife. The right to hold radical of those wham the white citizen vocates illegal actions (opposition to segre­ views on integration, to support associa­ unsound, humiliating, arbitrary, Rev. K. S. Dupont, council boycott 100% effective. I ob­ right. Don’t expect to geit the inequitable, inconvenient a n di vice-president, told the mass served bus after bus empty, with journey over, until I reach m. considera Negro leaders were gation laws), that it “foments racial tions to foster them, the attempt to abolish morally unjustifiable; all bus meeting of slighting remarks an occasional one carrying a lone home.” The assembly picked up afraid that n-ohody would respond s trife .” (or change) existing institutions by poli­ passengers shall have the right about newly-arrived men leading passenger. Many walked. the chant, section after sectior to the mass meetings. Some thought too much was asked, even to sit wherever they choose on this struggle. “ If I ’d been here On Monday, June 4, the bus got u-p and walked a-round the In the past, when the NAACP has been tical action — these are precisely the proposing demands confined to a any bus or buses. 50 years and hadn’t done any­ company petitioned the city com­ tell, singing with gusto, theli called ’ subversive, some of the leaders of rights the National Association for the segregated bus system. “ It was 2. “ Since people of all races, thing about it, I’d be ashamed. mission to abandon the two runs bodies- swaying- to the beat, giving the sentiment of the ranks as the organization have grabbed at an un­ Advancement of Colored People must by their patronage contribute to Methuselah lived a thousand in the Negro community because their cash with eagerness am expressed in -the two imass meet­ principled defense formula: They have defend. the support of the bus company, years waiting to die, without most of the “ patrons on said song. ings, which returned the struggle accepted the witch hunters premise that The NAACP must take a forthright people of all races shall have an doing anybody any good.” routes have voluntarily ceased to These meetings have' been held on its true course. The people opportunity to work for the bus use the bus service.” unorthodox or anti-capitalist political stand on these issues, saying “if this be weekly. A fter the June 4 meeting know better than anyone elèe company in various capacities.'. . POLICE INTIMIDATION Tn Montgomery, like in Tal­ view's are subversive. They held it per­ subversion, make the most of it !” ended, everyone was hungry fo.i what they want.” 3. “That all' bus drivers be Rev. Steele reported being lahassee, there is no more fear. news from Tallahassee. They were constantly reminded of their arrested for speeding and passing On June 4 Montgomery’s Holt Son of a retired coal miner with no longer alone in what Dr. King 40 years in West Virginia pits, never-ending obligations to -render a stop sign while, driving a vehicle Street Baptist Church was packed. described to me as “ the Negroes Rev. Steele (has come up the hard courteous service and equitable in the car pool set up by the Brave men and women were confidence in his own capacities; way. He stressed how this move­ Maritime Hiring Halls treatment to all passengers,. re­ bo ye otters. He pleaded not guilty jammed into the ha.II, entrance®, something he himself used to ment had given a meaning to life gardless of race, creed, or color.” and expressed the hope that some stairway®, outside the windfows, ------By Roy Gale ------doubt. The idea of the M IA w.il .0 the mass, who in turn have It took the city commission' ten of his friends would show up with and in the basement. Dr. Martin. spread, for the Negro has prover given life to this movement. Rev. minutes to unanimously reject him. He assured everyone that Luther King, president of the SAN FRANCISCO, June 3 — The Taft- exist in the fink hall days. The principle that he can unite and organize Steele said there was an urgent these proposals and accept the Rev. Damon would be there, since Montgomery Improvement Asso­ to gain his self-respect.” Hartley act is about to claim another that the man longest out of work was bus company’s petition, to discon­ he’d been arrested by this same need for four station wagons and ciation. announced that this was cash. victim — the West Coast maritime hiring entitled to the first job available is no tinue the runs along two routes. cop three times in one day. Rev. a six-month anniversary celebra­ “ OUR CUPS RUN OVER” hall. Ever since the bloody waterfront longer in force. But. concessions by the city com­ Steele declared that this illegal tion, “ We’ve gone a long, long Later; in Tallahassee. I talked The treasurer of the I-OC is mission were printed in the local intimidation w ill be challenged way, and we’ve go^ a long, long with Civic Council President, the Rev. J. Metz Rollins. In his late battles of 1934 West Coast seamen have The present NLRB cases arose directly twenties, tall and lean, he talked from the long, bitter fight, between the Sunday afternoon press. They in­ and urged everyone to register as way to go to get our first-class Rev, C. K. Steele. He is a compac been dispatched to ships from th e ir own cluded “ first come, first served” part of the battle for first-class citizenship. Nothing w ill stop us.” powerhouse. He drives for the cai about the Inter-Riacial Council hiring halls on the basis of how long they now defunct National Union of Marine within the framework of segrega­ citizenship. “Nothing, Lord, nothing,” was pool, handles the phone at the that was proposed last week by were out of work. Now all this is Cooks and Stewards and H arry Lunde- tion, taking applications for No- An offering was taken up, and the mass response. dispatcher’s office, meets bhe some Negro leaders to promote berg’s Sailors Union of the Pacific for better under standing between threatened. races. Rev. Rollins commented U nfair labor practices charges have been jurisdiction over the stewards department .that it wouldn’t work within the filed against the Sailors Union of the on West Coast ships. Last year Lundeberg framework of segregation and Pacific in five separate regional offices of was able to w in a rigged NLRB election anyway he wanted to give the the National Labor Relations Board. The and drive the NUMCS out of business. Letter to Reader of Daily Worker tottering prejudiced set-up its final push. He observed that there TWe publish herewith a letter that Trotsky was wrong as charges directly attack hiring procedures Immediately after winning the election* public. Like so many others in the came aquai-nted with Trotsky’s was a wide gap between the which appeared in the Daily against gitalin on the crucial ques which have been in effect for over 20 Ed Tunner, International Representative ranks of the Communist Party struggle for a united front oi elected officials of the ICC and Worker May 30 -and a reply by years. At present only members can for the Seafarers International Union, you probably doubted that the action between the German Oom- tion of Germany? And didn’t the the non-elected “ leaders." Murry Weiss — Ed.] Moscow Trials were anything but m-unirt Party and the Social policy of StaLin lead to a register for jobs in the union hiring hall. stewards department, announced that frame-ups, but you were told that Democratic Party through the cataclysmic defeat which opened THE FIGHT AHEAD Editor, Daily Worker: This procedure is specifically banned by former members of the NUMCS would b in the interests of the defense of Militant, which was distributed at the way for World War II ? “ The Old school leaders operate I almost started by saying “ I the Taft-Hartley Act. allowed to use the hiring facilities of his the Soviet Union it was necessary a Union- Square demonstration. on the level of personal protest, am not a Trotskyite, but. . ." then REVIEW THE HISTORY Precedent for the present drive to break union. Apparently he has not lived up to to remain silent. After studying Trotsky’s little personal favors sudli as a realized how unimportant that Now you are told by Khrush­ I cite the German question only the West Coast hiring halls was estab­ his promise because it is members of the pamphlet, Germany: W.h-at Next?, few Negro cops. A happy relation­ should be, fo r a thought should chev that Stalin’s crimes brought 1 became convinced that his posi­ as an example. It seems to me ship is established on the basis of lished when maritime unions on the East defunct union who filed the NLRB unfair ■be examined no matter from what the Soviet Union to the brink of tion was correct and of vital im­ Chat it is the duty of all a quiescent Negro. The miracle quarter it comes. Coast bowed to the T a ft-H a rtle y provi­ labor charges. disaster in World War II. Ask portance to the international serious revolutionists to review, of the boycott is that it awaken® I think that reader N. J. (May yourself: Wasn’t Trotsky right in Commitunisl movement. this time with - Trotsky’s works feeling® among ordinary Ne­ sions and opened th e ir halls to nonunion If the NLRB charges are sustained 24) continues a harmful practice before them, the historic strug­ exposing and fighting these As against Trotsky's- proposal groes; they realize that they don’t ’ seamen. The East Coast unions revised against the West Coast Sailors, and that in our movement,, a practive which gle that split the world com­ crimes every step of the way even that the German Communist have to take it anymore.” is to .a great extent not only a munist movement and trace this- their hiring practices to conform with seems likely, it w ill be one more defeat fo r though he paid for it with his Party launch a struggle fo r the “ The legal front is not enough. manifestation of, but also a struggle through the test of Taft-Hartley. They allowed non-union men the rank and file seamen in th e ir struggle life at the hands of a Stalinist united front of action with the Anything they give you, they can reason for many of the errors and major world events since then. to register for jobs but set up a system to maintain equal shipping rights. Any pick-axe assassin? Social Democratic Party and thus also take away. Genuine victories shortcomings now discussed. In his speech, Khrushchev ad­ Some Stalinist spokesmen are block H itler’s road to power, have to come from the very o f p rio ritie s based on “ seniority” which in. breach in the ro ta ry system spells doom Reader N. J. lumps together mits that many crimes were com­ now arguing as follows: The Stalin's theory of “ social fascism” bottom,” 6aid Rev. Rollins. “ The effect barred most non-members from fo r job equality fo r rank an