An International Journal for Students of Theological and Religious Studies Volume 41 Issue 2 August 2016
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An International Journal for Students of Theological and Religious Studies Volume 41 Issue 2 August 2016 EDITORIAL: The Woman from Kentucky 209 D. A. Carson OFF THE RECORD: The Echo Chamber of Idolatry 214 Michael J. Ovey Toward Theological Theology: Tracing the Methodological 217 Principles of John Webster Michael Allen The Impassible God Who “Cried” 238 Amos Winarto Oei The Problem of Repentance and Relapse as a Unifying 248 Theme in the Book of the Twelve Gary E. Yates The Septuagint and Biblical Theology 263 W. Edward Glenny John Barclay’s Paul and the Gift and the New Perspective 279 on Paul Douglas J. Moo PASTORAL PENSÉES: Numbering and Being Glad in Our 289 Days: A Meditation on Psalm 90 Mike Bullmore Book Reviews 293 DESCRIPTION Themelios is an international, evangelical, peer-reviewed theological journal that expounds and defends the historic Christian faith. Its primary audience is theological students and pastors, though scholars read it as well. Themelios began in 1975 and was operated by RTSF/UCCF in the UK, and it became a digital journal operated by The Gospel Coalition in 2008. The editorial team draws participants from across the globe as editors, essayists, and reviewers. Themelios is published three times a year online at The Gospel Coalition website in PDF and HTML, and may be purchased in digital format with Logos Bible Software and in print with Wipf and Stock. Themelios is copyrighted by The Gospel Coalition. Readers are free to use it and circulate it in digital form without further permission, but they must acknowledge the source and may not change the content.. EDITORS BOOK REVIEW EDITORS General Editor: D. A. Carson Old Testament Systematic Theology and Bioethics Trinity Evangelical Divinity School Jerry Hwang Hans Madueme 2065 Half Day Road Singapore Bible College Covenant College Deerfield, IL 60015, USA 9–15 Adam Road 14049 Scenic Highway [email protected] Singapore 289886 Lookout Mountain, GA 30750, USA [email protected] [email protected] Managing Editor: Brian Tabb Bethlehem College & Seminary New Testament Ethics and Pastoralia 720 13th Avenue South David Starling Jeremy Kimble Minneapolis, MN 55415, USA Morling College Cedarville University [email protected] 120 Herring Road 251 N. Main St. Macquarie Park, NSW 2113, Australia Cedarville, OH 45314, USA Contributing Editor: Michael J. Ovey [email protected] [email protected] Oak Hill Theological College Chase Side, Southgate History and Historical Theology Mission and Culture London, N14 4PS, UK Stephen Eccher Jackson Wu [email protected] Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary International Chinese Theological P. O. Box 1889 Seminary Administrator: Andy Naselli Wake Forest, NC 27588, USA East Asia Bethlehem College & Seminary [email protected] [email protected] 720 13th Avenue South Minneapolis, MN 55415, USA [email protected] EDITORIAL BOARD Gerald Bray, Beeson Divinity School; Hassell Bullock, Wheaton College; Lee Gatiss, Wales Evangelical School of Theology; Paul Helseth, University of Northwestern, St. Paul; Paul House, Beeson Divinity School; Ken Magnuson, The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary; Jonathan Pennington, The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary; Mark D. Thompson, Moore Theological College; Paul Williamson, Moore Theological College; Stephen Witmer, Pepperell Christian Fellowship; Robert Yarbrough, Covenant Seminary. ARTICLES Themelios typically publishes articles that are 4,000 to 9,000 words (including footnotes). Prospective contributors should submit articles by email to the managing editor in Microsoft Word (.doc or .docx) or Rich Text Format (.rtf). Submissions should not include the author’s name or institutional affiliation for blind peer-review. Articles should use clear, concise English and should consistently adopt either UK or USA spelling and punctuation conventions. Special characters (such as Greek and Hebrew) require a Unicode font. Abbreviations and bibliographic references should conform to The SBL Handbook of Style (2nd ed.), supplemented by The Chicago Manual of Style (16th ed.). For examples of the the journal's style, consult the most recent Themelios issues and the contributor guidelines. REVIEWS The book review editors generally select individuals for book reviews, but potential reviewers may contact them about reviewing specific books. As part of arranging book reviews, the book review editors will supply book review guidelines to reviewers. Themelios 41.2 (2016): 209–13 EDITORIAL The Woman from Kentucky — D. A. Carson — D. A. Carson is research professor of New Testament at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School in Deerfield, Illinois, and general editor of Themelios. merican readers of this column will know to whom the title refers, but because this column is read in many countries I must begin by recounting a little history that identifies the woman to Awhom the title makes reference. 1. The Narrative and the Challenge On June 26, 2015, SCOTUS (=Supreme Court of the United States) issued its decision in Obergefell v. Hodges. SCOTUS determined that the right to marry is guaranteed to same-sex couples by the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution. Kim Davis, serving as County Clerk of Rowan County, Kentucky, refused to issue marriage licenses. The ACLU (= American Civil Liberties Union), representing four same-sex couples, sued Davis in the United States District Court of the Eastern District of Kentucky, which ordered her to issue the licenses. She refused, stating in front of cameras that she was “under God’s authority.” Initially she declared that even if one of her deputies issued the licenses, the demands of her conscience would not be met, since her name was on the document. In due course she was jailed for contempt of court. Her release came five days later, when her deputies started issuing the needed licenses, and Kim Davis affirmed that she would not interfere with them when they did so. In due course her name was removed from the form. These are the bare bones of the story. I’ve ignored many layers of complexity in the narrative— layers of complexity that ensure that ongoing debates demand the continued attention of lawyers and legislators. Certainly there was a lot of political fallout. Mike Huckabee, then a presidential candidate, devoted a lot of press time to using Kim Davis as the premier example of the loss of freedom of religion in the United States. Ted Cruz was not far behind. But for our purposes, we shall use this Kim Davis saga as a kind of “test case” as we think through the rising number of situations in many Western countries where the direction of our countries and their laws is away from the Judeo-Christian heritage with which we have traditionally comforted ourselves. These trajectories place Christians in a position where they must decide between going along with what they are convinced defies God and will bring judgment on the nation, and standing against these developments and paying the consequences. People appeal to biblical texts to support both positions. On the one hand, Paul instructs us to be subject to the governing authorities (Rom 13:1–7), and Peter writes, “Submit yourselves for the Lord’s sake to every human authority: whether to the emperor, as the supreme authority, or to governors, who are sent by him to punish those who do wrong and to comment those who do right” (1 Pet 2:13–14). On the other hand, what are we to do if the governing authorities command us to do what is wrong? Surely 209 Themelios we must then adhere to another of Peter’s utterances: “We must obey God rather than human beings!” (Acts 5:29). Don’t the examples of Daniel’s three friends, Shadrach, Meschach, and Abednego, count for anything (Dan 3, esp. vv. 16–18)—as also the example of Daniel himself (Dan 6)? If Kim Davis had been trying to argue theologically, she might have aligned her stance with that of Calvin’s “lesser magistrate” (Institutes, Bk IV): a magistrate may disobey the commands of a superior in order to keep others from sinning. By refusing to issue marriage licenses to those who, according to God’s revelation, cannot legitimately be “married,” she is ensuring that they do not sin in this regard. 2. The Narrative and the Options Granted Kim Davis’s moral commitments, what options does she have? (1) She could resign. The advantage is that she would then face no further crisis of conscience. Some think of this as the easy way out, the soft option—but is that quite fair? By resigning she would lose her income, and granted the headlines she might find it difficult to find another job with similar remuneration. Her conservative friends might treat her as a quitter. Recall, too, that this is an elected office: if her constituents don’t want her in the job, all they have to do is vote her out at the next election. Worse: resigning may signify to many that a Christian who has no opportunity to provide salt and light chooses instead to hide the light under a bushel basket and spread the salt on the ground. And there are further entailments, even dangerous entailments. In California, some voices in the medical community argue that if certain people are unwilling to perform abortions, they should not become medical doctors. In one or two states, a Christian adoption agency has in effect been shut down because it refuses to place kids with same-sex couples. If Kim Davis resigns, is she not lending support to people across the country who want to exclude those who cannot with a clear conscience participate in certain actions that the government rules not only admissible but good? Doesn’t the “resign” option solve a personal problem at the expense of weakening the hands of those who insist that better options must be found to accommodate the religious convictions of those who cannot buy into the latest social-cultural trends? Might not resignation therefore serve to weaken, however unwittingly, the First Amendment? (2) She could resign and withdraw—that is, withdraw, so far as it is possible, from the political and cultural life of the nation.