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The Blackwell Companion to Protestantism Blackwell Companions to Religion The Blackwell Companion to Protestantism Blackwell Companions to Religion The Blackwell Companions to Religion series presents a collection of the most recent scholarship and knowledge about world religions. Each volume draws together newly commissioned essays by distinguished authors in the field, and is presented in a style which is accessible to undergraduate students, as well as scholars and the interested general reader. These volumes approach the subject in a creative and forward-thinking style, providing a forum in which leading scholars in the field can make their views and research available to a wider audience. Published The Blackwell Companion to Judaism Edited by Jacob Neusner and Alan J. Avery-Peck The Blackwell Companion to Sociology of Religion Edited by Richard K. Fenn The Blackwell Companion to the Hebrew Bible Edited by Leo G. Perdue The Blackwell Companion to Postmodern Theology Edited by Graham Ward The Blackwell Companion to Hinduism Edited by Gavin Flood The Blackwell Companion to Political Theology Edited by Peter Scott and William T. Cavanaugh The Blackwell Companion to Protestantism Edited by Alister E. McGrath and Darren C. Marks The Blackwell Companion to Modern Theology Edited by Gareth Jones The Blackwell Companion to Religious Ethics Edited by William Schweiker The Blackwell Companion to Christian Ethics Edited by Stanley Hauerwas and Sam Wells Forthcoming The Blackwell Companion to the Study of Religion Edited by Robert A. Segal The Blackwell Companion to Eastern Christianity Edited by Ken Parry The Blackwell Companion to Christian Spirituality Edited by Arthur Holder The Blackwell Companion to the New Testament Edited by David Aune The Blackwell Companion to Protestantism Edited by Alister E. McGrath and Darren C. Marks © 2004 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd except for editorial material and organization © 2004 by Alister E. McGrath and Darren C. Marks 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, UK 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia The right of Alister E. McGrath and Darren C. Marks to be identified as the Authors of the Editorial Material in this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. First published 2004 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Blackwell companion to Protestantism / edited by Alister E. McGrath and Darren C. Marks. p. cm. – (Blackwell companions to religion) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-631-23278-8 (alk. paper) 1. Protestantism. I. McGrath, Alister E., 1953– II. Marks, Darren C. III. Series. BX4811.3.B57 2003 280¢.4 – dc21 2003008185 A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library. Set in 10.5 on 12.5 pt Photina by SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong Printed and bound in the United Kingdom by T.J. International, Padstow, Cornwall For further information on Blackwell Publishing, visit our website: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com The editors and publishers gratefully acknowledge the permission granted to reproduce the following copyright material on page 268 of this book: Thomas, R.S. (1995). The Minister. In Collected Poems 1945–1990. London: J.M. Dent. Contents Contributors ix Foreword xiv Alister E. McGrath and Darren C. Marks Introduction: Protestantism – the Problem of Identity 1 Alister E. McGrath and Darren C. Marks Part I The Formation of Protestant Identity: History and Ideology 21 European Protestantism 1 Protestantism in German-speaking Lands to the Present Day 23 Randall C. Zachman 2 Shapers of Protestantism: Martin Luther 40 Graham Tomlin 3 Shapers of Protestantism: John Calvin 53 Alister E. McGrath 4 Shapers of Protestantism: F. D. E. Schleiermacher 66 Nicholas Adams 5 Shapers of Protestantism: Karl Barth 83 John Webster 6 English Protestantism to the Present Day 96 Gerald Bray 7 Scottish Protestantism to the Present Day 109 Kenneth B. E. Roxburgh vi contents 8 Welsh Protestantism to the Present Day 120 D. Densil Morgan 9 Irish Protestantism to the Present Day 123 Alan Ford 10 Nordic Protestantism to the Present Day 130 Aasulv Lande 11 Protestantism in the Netherlands to the Present Day 147 Peter van Rooden 12 Protestantism in Eastern Europe to the Present Day 155 Parush Parushev and Toivo Pilli 13 French Protestantism to the Present Day 161 Alister E. McGrath 14 Italian Protestantism to the Present Day 163 Alister E. McGrath North American Protestantism 15 Protestantism in the United States of America to the Present Day 165 John Corrigan 16 Shapers of Protestantism: Jonathan Edwards 181 Stephen R. Holmes 17 Canadian Protestantism to the Present Day 189 Darren C. Marks Asia and Australasia 18 Indian Protestantism to the Present Day 201 Ivan Morris Satyavrata 19 South-East Asian Protestantism to the Present Day 206 Yung Hwa 20 Japanese Protestantism to the Present Day 210 Nozomo Miyahira 21 Korean Protestantism to the Present Day 216 Young-Gi Hong 22 Chinese Protestantism to the Present Day 222 Carver T. Yu 23 Protestantism in Australia, New Zealand and Oceania to the Present Day 232 Ian Breward contents vii Africa 24 African Protestantism to the Present Day 239 John S. Pobee Part II Protestantism and Present Identity: Relations and Influence 249 Protestantism and its Relations 25 Protestantism and the Bible 251 R. Kendall Soulen 26 Protestantism and the Arts 268 Trevor Hart 27 Protestantism and Politics, Economics, and Sociology 287 J. Philip Wogaman 28 Protestantism, Law and Legal Thought 298 John Witte Jr. 29 Protestantism and the Sciences 306 Ted Peters Protestantism and its Influence 30 Protestantism and Liberalism 322 Mark D. Chapman 31 Protestantism and Feminism 332 Cynthia L. Rigby 32 Protestantism and Fundamentalism 344 William V. Trollinger Jr. 33 Protestantism and Racism 357 Paul R. Griffin 34 Protestantism and Judaism 372 Clark M. Williamson 35 Protestantism and Spirituality 382 Bradley P. Holt 36 Protestantism and Missions 392 Werner Ustorf Part III The Future of Protestantism 403 37 The Future of Protestantism: Ecumenism and the Mainline Denominations 405 Alan D. Falconer viii contents 38 The Future of Protestantism: Evangelicalism 421 Mark A. Noll 39 The Future of Protestantism: The Rise of Pentecostalism 439 Allan Anderson 40 The Future of Protestantism: Postmodernity 453 Graham Ward 41 The Future of Protestantism: The Non-Western Protestant World 468 Allan Anderson Index 483 Contributors Alister E. McGrath is Professor of Historical Theology at Oxford University, and Principal of Wycliffe Hall, Oxford. He studied at the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, and served in a parish in Nottingham before joining the staff at Wycliffe, where he now teaches in the area of systematic theology, science and religion, spirituality, and apologetics. His most recent publications are the three-volume work, A Scientific Theology (2001–3), and The Intellectual Origins of the European Reformation (2nd edn., 2003). He is also the author of numerous best-selling books, including A Brief History of Heaven (2003), Christian Theol- ogy: An Introduction (3rd edn., 2001), The Christian Theology Reader (2nd edn., 2001), Christian Spirituality (1999), Reformation Thought (3rd edn., 1999), Science and Religion (1998), Historical Theology (1998), and An Introduction to Christianity (1997), all available from Blackwell Publishing. Darren C. Marks lectures in systematic theology and religious studies at Huron University College at the University of Western Ontario in Canada. He holds degrees in science and theology from the University of Toronto (Victoria and Wycliffe College) and advanced degrees in theology from the University of Oxford (St Hugh’s College) under the supervision of Professor J. Webster. He has also studied at the Friedrich Wilhelms Universität (Bonn) under Professor Dr G. Sauter. He is the author of numerous articles in systematic theology, Canadian ecclesiastical history, and the editor of Shaping a Theological Mind (2003). His primary research area is contemporary systematic theology although his doc- toral work dealt with nineteenth-century German Protestant theology (Julius Müller and the Mediating Theology). Dr Marks is currently working on several publishing projects, including a text on seventeenth- and eighteenth-century theologians, a work on the doctrine of sin, and articles including George Grant and the Theologia Crucis, as well comparing the possibilities of a Christomorphic metanoia in James H. Cone and Dietrich Bonhoeffer. x contributors Nicholas Adams is a lecturer in systematic theology and theological ethics at the University of Edinburgh. He writes on German philosophical issues in theology, and is currently writing a book on Jürgen Habermas and theology. Allan Anderson is Senior Lecturer in Pentecostal Studies at the Graduate Institute for Theology and Religion, University of Birmingham, UK. He is the author of five books on African Pentecostalism, including Zion and Pentecost (2000) and African Reformation (2001). Gerald Bray is Anglican Professor of Divinity at Beeson Divinity School, Samford University, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. He was formerly tutor in Christian doctrine at Oak Hill College, London. He is the author of several books,
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