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Christ Is God Over All Copyright © 2012 George Warrington Carraway All rights reserved. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary has permission to reproduce and disseminate this document in any form by any means for purposes chosen by the Seminary, including, without limitation, preservation or instruction. CHRIST IS GOD OVER ALL: ROMANS 9:5 IN THE CONTEXT OF ROMANS 9-11 __________________ A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary __________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy __________________ by George Warrington Carraway May 2012 APPROVAL SHEET CHRIST IS GOD OVER ALL: ROMANS 9:5 IN THE CONTEXT OF ROMANS 9-11 George Warrington Carraway Read and Approved by: __________________________________________ Mark A. Seifrid (Chair) __________________________________________ William F. Cook __________________________________________ Brian J. Vickers Date______________________________ To Jill She is, but no one can say what Think of all a wife should be and she is that and In memory of Cecil Ott Carraway, Sr. 1939 – 2008 Brother, Friend TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . viii LIST OF TABLES . x PREFACE . xii Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION . 1 Thesis . 2 New Testament Christology Since 1913 . 2 Arguments Regarding Development of Christology in the First Century . 3 Arguments Regarding Preexistence . 14 Arguments Regarding Jewish Monotheism . 16 History of Interpretation of Romans 9:5 . 20 History of Religions School . 20 Grammatical Analysis Favoring the Thesis . 21 Grammatical Objections to the Thesis . 23 Non-Exegetical Objections to the Thesis . 24 Present Contribution . 26 Method . 28 2. CHRIST AS GOD IN ROMANS 9:5(B) . 30 Some Preliminary Issues . 30 Romans 9:1-5 Generally . 33 The Lament over Israel: 9:1-5 . 37 iv Chapter Page Paul‘s Anguish Over His Kinspeople . 39 ―Who are Israelites‖ . 43 9:5(b) Who is God over All? . 47 The Problem with Punctuation . 49 The Doxology . 51 Christ According to the Flesh . 56 Tὸ καηὰ ζάπκα in Paul . 57 The Participle . 62 ἐπὶ πάνηυν . 71 The Meaning of θεόρ . 74 Summary and Conclusions . 78 3. OBJECTIONS FROM OUTSIDE ROMANS 9:5: PAUL AND MONOTHEISM . 81 Description of the Objection . 83 Monotheism and Paul‘s Psychology . 84 Brief History of the Monotheism Objection . 85 Classical Monotheism . 89 An Alternate View of Monotheism . 92 Monotheism and Deuteronomy . 95 The Uniqueness of YHWH . 98 Monotheism in Second Temple Judaism . 99 The Ontological Uniqueness of YHWH . 102 Jesus in the Uniqueness of God . 107 Paul and Monotheism . 110 Paul‘s Conversion . 110 Romans 3:29-30 . 113 v Chapter Page Ephesians 4:4-6 . 118 1 Corinthians 8:6 . 122 Paul‘s Monotheism . 127 Summary and Conclusion . 129 4. OBJECTIONS FROM OUTSIDE THE TEXT: IDENTIFYING JESUS WITH GOD . 132 Titus 2:13 . 133 Jesus Identified as God . 140 Whether Paul Pointedly Avoided Use of θεόσ for Jesus . 140 Paul‘s Use of Κύριοσ for Christ . 147 Fluidity in Attributions to Christ and to God . 155 Summary and Conclusion . 160 5. THE STUMBLING BLOCK . 163 Christ in Romans 9-11 . 164 Context and Limits of the Passage . 166 Romans 9:30-10:4: Righteousness and Law . 170 What Shall We Say Then? . 171 Pursuing and Not Obtaining . 172 The Σέλοσ of the Law . 176 The Stone of Stumbling . 180 The Origin and Makeup of Romans 9:33 . 180 Identification of the Stone . 187 6. THE SAME LORD OF ALL . 193 Romans 10:5-8 . 193 Paul‘s Method of Reading Scripture . 195 The Antithesis in 10:5-8 . 198 vi Chapter Page Romans 10:9-13 . 206 Exegetical Comments: 10:9-10 . 206 Exegetical Comments: 10:11-13 . 208 Summary and Conclusions from 10:9-13 . 213 God/Lord of All in Romans . 214 Concluding Comments . 217 7. REDEEMER FROM ZION . 219 The Manner of the Salvation of Israel . 220 A Brief Response to Stendahl . 223 The Context of 11:25-27 . 227 Exegetical Comments: 11:25-27 . 228 Hardening and Salvation of Israel . 228 The Quoted Material . 232 Paul‘s Purpose in the Conflation . 236 Christological Implications . 238 Summary and Conclusions . ..
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