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Exvangelical: Why Millennials and Generation Z Are Leaving the Constraints of White Evangelicalism

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Exvangelical: Why Millennials and Generation Z Are Leaving the Constraints of White Evangelicalism Digital Commons @ George Fox University Doctor of Ministry Theses and Dissertations 2-2020 Exvangelical: Why Millennials and Generation Z are Leaving the Constraints of White Evangelicalism Colleen Batchelder Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/dmin Part of the Christianity Commons GEORGE FOX UNIVERSITY EXVANGELICAL: WHY MILLENNIALS AND GENERATION Z ARE LEAVING THE CONSTRAINTS OF WHITE EVANGELICALISM A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF PORTLAND SEMINARY IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF MINISTRY BY COLLEEN BATCHELDER PORTLAND, OREGON FEBRUARY 2020 Portland Seminary George Fox University Portland, Oregon CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL ________________________________ DMin Dissertation ________________________________ This is to certify that the DMin Dissertation of Colleen Batchelder has been approved by the Dissertation Committee on February 20, 2020 for the degree of Doctor of Ministry in Leadership and Global Perspectives Dissertation Committee: Primary Advisor: Karen Tremper, PhD Secondary Advisor: Randy Woodley, PhD Lead Mentor: Jason Clark, PhD, DMin Copyright © 2020 by Colleen Batchelder All rights reserved ii TABLE OF CONTENTS GLOSSARY .................................................................................................................. vi ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... x CHAPTER 1: GENERATIONAL DISSONANCE AND DISTINCTIVES WITHIN THE CHURCH ........................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 The Birth of Exvangelicalism ...................................................................................... 2 What Generation is Forming the Church? .................................................................... 6 Baby Boomers: 1946–1964 (Ages 56 to 74) ........................................................... 11 Generation X: 1965–1976 (Ages 44 to 55) ............................................................. 14 Millennials: 1977–1995 (Ages 25 to 43) ................................................................ 16 The Rise of Progressive Christianity ...................................................................... 21 Generation Z: 1996–TBD (Ages – to 24) ............................................................... 22 Identifying Biases ...................................................................................................... 24 Summary ................................................................................................................... 26 CHAPTER 2: JESUS WOULD NOT RECOGNIZE THIS CHURCH............................ 27 Clement 190 AD ........................................................................................................ 28 Evolution of Church Construct .................................................................................. 30 Are They Going to Hell in a Handbasket? .................................................................. 33 Astrology, Crystals, and Spirituality ...................................................................... 34 Spiritual Formation ................................................................................................ 36 Therapeutic Moralistic Deism ................................................................................ 37 Summary ................................................................................................................... 40 CHAPTER 3: THE EVOLUTION OF EVANGELICALISM AND ITS IMPACT ON GENERATIONAL DISSONANCE............................................................................... 41 The Genesis of Evangelicalism .................................................................................. 41 Evangelical Shift ....................................................................................................... 43 Revivalism and Rationality ........................................................................................ 45 After World War II .................................................................................................... 50 Vacuums, Pearls, and Patriarchy ................................................................................ 51 President Jimmy Carter and The Great Political Divide ............................................. 55 Conversion Therapy, Culture, and Conformity ........................................................... 57 Summary ................................................................................................................... 60 iii CHAPTER 4: SEXISM, RACISM, HOMOPHOBIA, AND NATIONALISM–THE NEW CHURCH ...................................................................................................................... 62 Generational Shift from Conservative Evangelicalism ............................................... 62 The Emergent Church ................................................................................................ 62 A New Form of Christianity ...................................................................................... 67 Do Millennials and Generation Z have a Biblical Worldview? ............................... 68 Race and the Evangelical Church ........................................................................... 71 White Evangelicalism and Racial Influence ............................................................... 74 Dr. Mac Pier and Dr. John M. Perkins.................................................................... 76 Dispensational Premillennialism, Penal Substitution, and Christus Victor .............. 77 Evangelicalism and Privilege ..................................................................................... 80 Gender and Evangelicalism .................................................................................... 82 #MeToo Movement ............................................................................................... 83 LGBT+ and Evangelicalism ................................................................................... 85 Summary ................................................................................................................... 87 CHAPTER 5: DISMANTLING THE MYTHS OF GENERATIONAL ASSUMPTION 89 Millennial Assumptions ............................................................................................. 89 Intergenerational Households..................................................................................... 91 Singleness, Ministry, and Generational Expectations within the Church ................. 94 Why are Millennials and Generation Z Not Getting Married? ................................ 96 Co-parenting, Equalitarian Households, and Childless Millennials and Generation Z .............................................................................................................................. 98 Millennials and Vocation ......................................................................................... 101 Generational Distinctives within the Workplace ................................................... 104 Ethics, Morality, and Political Divides ................................................................. 109 President Obama v. President Trump ....................................................................... 111 Myths and Truths About Millennials and Generation Z ............................................ 114 Myth 1: Millennials and Generation Z are Individualistic ..................................... 115 Truth: Millennials and Generation Z are Interdependent ...................................... 115 Myth 2: Millennials and Generation Z are Anti-Authority .................................... 117 Truth: Millennials and Generation Z are Pro-Collaboration .................................. 118 Truth: Millennials and Generation Z are Approaching Faith with Humility .......... 120 Myth 4: Millennials and Generation Z have Replaced the Gospel with Social Justice ............................................................................................................................ 121 Truth: Millennials and Generation Z view their Faith as Incarnational ................. 122 iv Myth 5: Millennials and Generation Z are Destroying the Church by Welcoming All ............................................................................................................................ 124 Truth: Millennials and Generation Z are Standing Against Discrimination ........... 125 Truth: Millennials and Generation Z are Embracing Fourth Wave Feminism ....... 127 Truth: Millennials and Generation Z Support Feminism and LGBT+ Inclusion .... 130 Myth 6: Higher Education is Corrupting Millennials and Generation Z ................ 134 Truth: Millennials and Generation Z View Education as an Accompaniment to Faith ............................................................................................................................ 135 Summary ................................................................................................................. 138 CHAPTER 6: A NEW TYPE OF CHRISTIANITY.................................................... 139 Increasing Skepticism and Church Dynamics........................................................... 139 Where Does One Go from Here? ............................................................................
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