Mineral Resources of the Nellis Air Force Base and the Nellis Bombing
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'xv. , . * I ~~~~, 91031 30160)7*E1231 r-t'iOwAs.1E WM-1 I PDR CONTENTS Pase Summary --------------- 1 Introduction ----------------------------------------------- 3 Physiography ----------- …- ---------------------- -- 3 Geology --------------------------- -…--------- --- 4 Previous investigations ------------------------ ----- 4 Rocks ----------------- -------- -------- 4 Precambrian rocks -------------- - ------ 5 Paleozoic rocks -------------- 5 Mesozoic rocks ----- 6 Cenozoic rocks ---- - ----- - 6 Structure -------------- 7 Mineral resources ----------- 9 History of mining -------- - ----- -- Production ------------- 10 Mineral deposits -------- 11 Antelope Springs district (Cornwall, 1972, p. 35 - 12 Arrowhead district (Tschanz and Pampeyan 1970, p. 178 ----------- -- -…- -- ----- -- - 13 Cactus Spring district (Cornwall, 1972, p. 37 13 Cass Peak district (Longwell and others, 1965, p. 145-146) ------- ---------- 13 Cold Crater district (Cornwall, 1972, p. 37) 14 Goldfield district (Cornwall, 1972, p. 38) -- -Y, Kawich (Cold Reed) district (Cornwall, 1972, p. 38) ------------------------ --- 15 Mellan Mountain district (Cornwall, 1972) -------- i6 Mine Mountain district (Cornwall, 1972) ---------- 17 Oak Spring district (Cornwall, 1972) ------ - --- 17 Papoose district (Tschanz and Pampeyan, 1970, p. 176-178) -------------------- ------ --- 18 Silverbow district (Cornwall, 1972, p. 40) ------- 18 Stonewall district (Cornwall, 1972, p. 40-41) 20 Tolicha district (Cornwall, 1972, p. 41) 20 Trappmans district (Cornwall, 1972, p. 41) 21 Wahmonie district (Cornwall, 1972, p. 41) 21 Wellington district (Cornwall, 1972, p. 41) 22 Wilsons district (Cornwall. 1972, p. 41) ------ 23 Other mineral resource occurrences 23 Mineral Commodities ------ 25 Gold and silver 25 Uses ---------…---- -- - ------ 26 Production - consumption ------ ------ 27 Prices … ------- - 28 Reserves - Resources --------- 30 Outlook -- -------- ------- - 31 Demand ---------- --- --------- 31 Supply ---- --- -- -- ------- 32 Tungsten ---------------- - - - 34 Uses - ------_-_________34 ii p Page Production - consumption -------------- 35 I Prices -^-- -- ------------a-~~a -- --- 36 Reserves - Resources -------------- 37 Outlook ---------_- _ _-_____ ____ 38 Demand ---- ---------_-________ ----- - 38 Supply ------------ - - ------- - ----- 38 Lead and zinc ----------------------------------- 39 Uses --------- -------- - ------------- 40 Production - Consumption - -- -- - 42 Reserves - Resources 44 Outlook ------ 45 Demand 45 Evaluation of mineral resources -- … 47 Oil and gas 48 Conclusions 49 References 51 Unpublished Bureau of Mines documents 57 Appendix A--Mineral property data for mines and prospects in the vicinity of the Nellis Air Force Base and the Nellis Bombing and Gunnery Range, Clark, Lincoln, and Nye Counties, Nevada ------ - ----------- 59 iii I LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Page Figure 1. Mountain ranges and basins of southern Nevada in the vicinity of the Nellis Air Force Base and the Nellis Bombing and Gunnery Range 3 2. Mining districts in the vicinity of the Nellis Air Force Base and the Nellis Bombing and Gunnery Range, Clark, Lincoln, and Nye Counties, Nevada …----------- ---------- -- -- - -------- 3 3. Generalized geology of the Nellis Air Force Base and the Nellis Bombing and Gunnery Range, Clark, Lincoln, and Nye Counties, Nevada ------ 3 4. Average yearly domestic tungsten trioxide (WO3) price -------… 37 5. Generalized geologic map showing areas geologically favorable for mineral resources -… 47 TABLES Table 1. Domestic gold and silver consumption in 1973, and gold and silver.demand forecast for 2000 by end use (million troy ounces) ---- 33 2. Forecasts of U.S. lead demand by end use in 2000 - 45a 3. Forecasts of U.S. zinc demand by end use in 2000 - iv Mineral Resources o the Nellis Air Force Base and the Nellis Bombing and Gunnery Range, Clark, Lincoln, and Nye Counties, Nevada By Henry R. Cornwall U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California And John R. Norberg U.S. Bureau of Mines, Spokane, Washington my The Federal Land Management and Policy Act of 1976 required that the Bureau of Land Management periodically review existing and proposed withdrawals of public lands under its jurisdiction, and support such withdrawals by an appropriate environmental impact statement. In partial fulfillment of that requirement, this initial appraisal of the mineral resource potential of the Nellis Bombing and Gunnery Range, Nevada, was prepared by Lhe U.S. Geological Survey and the Bureau of Hines at the request of the United States Air Force pursuant to a letter agreement:. This report is based on a literature survey only; no on-site field work was performed. Little or no mineral exploration or related activity has occurred in the withdrawn area for nearly a half century. Nonetheless, geologic evidence and records of past mining activity amply support a premise that portions of the area could be a future source of selected mineral commodities to meet National requirements. Detailed on-site field studies would be required to confirm this opinion and to more accurately delineate the nature and extent of significant mineral resource occurrences. 1 Mineral commodities found in the Nellis Air Force Base (NAFB) and the Nellis Bombing and Gunnery Range (NBCR) are gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, mercury, tungsten, turquoise, sand, gravel, and limestone. Gypsum and limestone are probably the most valuable com=odities produced in the vicinity of, but not in, the NAFB and the NCBR. The average annual gypsum and limestone output for the early 1960's was estimated at 100,000 and 500,000 tons, respectively. Significant amounts of lead, silver, copper, and zinc have been recovered from the Groom mine about 3 miles east of the NBCR. Within the study area most of the metalliferous mineral deposits consist of gold-silver minerals, occurring as fissure fillings and replacements in shear zones. Some deposits also contain lead, zinc, and copper. Several occurrences of tungsten and molybdenite hav2 been found in one district. One area has potential for oil and gas. Arvas having the highest geologic potential for mineral resources include that at the north end of the NBGR, east of Coldfield, which may contain significant gold-silver deposits, and the Las Vegas Range in the southeast corner of the NBGR, which has a potential for oil and gas. The Oak Spring district at the north end of Yucca Flat has potential for new discoveries of tungsten-molybdenum and lead-silver deposits (fig. 5). Also, inasmuch as uranium minerals a few miles west of NBGR and elsewhere in the Great Basin typically are found in Tertiary volcanic rocks and tuffaceous sedimentary rocks of silicic composition, particularly in the vicin ty of volcanic centers, it appears that a fairly large area of ground having a potential for uranium resources could exist In the 2 (p. 2a follows) S Finally, some areas, mainly within western part of the NAFB and NBGR. 1,000 Tertiary volcanic rocks less than mountain ranges, are covered by miles wide, peripheral to the feet thick, and areas, up to several thick. The material less than 1,000 feet ranges arc covered by alluvial the thin cover in places, as around bedrock beneath this relatively resources. have a potential for mineral north end of Yucca Flat, may are and geophysical investigations Further geological, geochemical, areas described above. recommended for the most promising 2a (p. 3 follows) INTRODUCTION This report was prepared by John R. Norberg of the Bureau of Mines and Henry R. Cornwall and others of the Geological Survey at the request of the Department of the Air Force (DAF), through the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) for a Stage 1 mineral survey of the Nellis Air Force Base (NAFB) and the Nellis Bombing and Gunnery Range (NBGR) in southern Nevada (Figs. 1, 2). It is designed to provide ELM and DAF with basic mineral resource data for use in preparing an environmental impact statement covering continued withdrawal of public lands for military uses. The Bureau of Mines at Spokane, Wash., and the Geological Survey at Menlo Park, Calif., have prepared this report by compiling geologic and mineral resource data from numerous sources listed in the bibliography below. Also Cornwall (1972) spent several years mapping and examining mineral deposits in southern Nye County. A generalized geologic map of the NBGR (fig. 3) accompanies this report. PHYSIOGRAPHY The topography of the RAFB and NBGR is typical of the Basin and Range physiographic province. It is generally characterized by broad, closed basins separated by mesas and narrow north-south-trending mountain ranges (Fig. 1) except in the southeastern portion where intermittent streams drain into the Colorado River. Elevations range from less than 2,000 feet near Las Vegas to nearly 10,000 feet in the Desert National Wildlife Range, about 3S miles due north of the city. Most mountain ranges, however, average less than 7,000 feet with occasional peaks rising above 8,000 feet. 3 r GEOLOGY Previous Investigations geological aspects of Many published works describe the