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Who Owns the Land? Blood and Soil Issues in the Kenyan Rift Valley
WHO OWNS THE LAND? BLOOD AND SOIL ISSUES IN THE KENYAN RIFT VALLEY PART 1: The passion with which millions of citizens valued their presidential vote in the stolen 2007 presidential elections can be reflected in scenes of the bloody post-election clashes today that engulfed Rift Valley, Nyanza, Coast, Nairobi, Western and to a less extent in other parts of the country. Nakuru was the latest epicenter of inter ethnic murders. The violent reactions to rigged elections may reflect the pain of deep and historically rooted injustices some of which predate Kenya’s independence in 1963. They are in fact motivated and exacerbated by landlessness, joblessness, and poverty believed to be heavily contributed towards by the prevailing political status quo that has dominated Kenya since independence. This is a system that has continuously perpetrated, in successive fashion, socio- economic injustices that have been seamlessly transferred from one power regime to the next. The Land issue With a fast growing population in Kenya, limited resources including land and jobs, have severely been put in extreme pressure. Responsive political operatives cognizant of this reality have appreciated the importance of incorporating progressive policies that seek to aggressively address poverty, landlessness, unequal distribution of resources and unemployment, as a matter of priority (in their party manifestoes) if any social stability is to be maintained in Kenya. Without doubt, the opposition party ODM sold an attractive campaign package that sought to address historic land injustices, unemployment, inequitable resource sharing and poverty through a radical constitutional transformation, under the framework of the people-tailored Bomas Constitution Draft. -
Mau Mau Crucible of War: Statehood, National Identity and Politics in Postcolonial Kenya
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports 2014 Mau Mau crucible of war: Statehood, national identity and politics in postcolonial Kenya Nicholas Kariuki Githuku Follow this and additional works at: https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd Recommended Citation Githuku, Nicholas Kariuki, "Mau Mau crucible of war: Statehood, national identity and politics in postcolonial Kenya" (2014). Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 5677. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/5677 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by the The Research Repository @ WVU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you must obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in WVU Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports collection by an authorized administrator of The Research Repository @ WVU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. MAU MAU CRUCIBLE OF WAR: STATEHOOD, NATIONAL IDENTITY AND POLITICS IN POSTCOLONIAL KENYA by Nicholas Kariuki Githuku Dissertation submitted to the Eberly College of Arts and Sciences at West Virginia University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Approved by Dr. Robert Maxon, Committee Chairperson Dr. Joseph Hodge Dr. Robert Blobaum Dr. Jeremia Njeru Dr. Tamba M’bayo Department of History Morgantown, West Virginia 2014 Keywords: war, statehood, stateness, security, mentalité, national identity, psychosociological anxieties Copyright 2014 Nicholas Kariuki Githuku Abstract The postcolonial African state has been the subject of extensive study and scrutiny by various scholars of great repute such as Colin Legum, Crawford Young, Robert H. -
Kenyatta and Odinga: the Harbingers of Ethnic Nationalism in Kenya by Dr
Global Journal of HUMAN-SOCIAL SCIENCE: D History Archaeology & Anthropology Volume 14 Issue 3 Version 1.0 Year 2014 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-460x & Print ISSN: 0975-587X Kenyatta and Odinga: The Harbingers of Ethnic Nationalism in Kenya By Dr. Paul Abiero Opondo Moi University, Kenya Abstract- The paper traces the political problems that Kenya currently faces particularly the country’s inability to construct a united national consciousness, historical relationships that unfolded between the country’s foremost founders, Jomo Kenyatta and Oginga Odinga and the consequences of their political differences and subsequent-fallout in the 1960s. The fall-out saw Kenyatta increasingly consolidating power around himself and a group of loyalists from the Kikuyu community while Odinga who was conceptualized as the symbolic representative of the Luo community was confined to the wilderness of politics. This paper while applying the primordial and essentialist conceptual framework recognizes the determinant role that the two leaders played in establishing the foundations for post-independent Kenya. This is especially true with respect to the negative consequences that their differing perspectives on Kenyan politics bequeathed the country, especially where the evolution of negative ethnicity is concerned. As a result of their discordant political voices in the political arena, there were cases of corruption, the killing of innocent Kenyans in Kisumu in 1969, political assassinations of T J Mboya, Pio Gama Pinto and J M Kariuki among others as this paper argues. GJHSS-D Classification : FOR Code: 160699 KenyattaandOdingaTheHarbingersofEthnicNationalisminKenya Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: © 2014. -
Pan-African History: Political Figures from Africa and The
Pan-African History Pan-Africanism, the perception by people of African origins and descent that they have interests in common, has been an important by-product of colonialism and the enslavement of African peoples by Europeans. Though it has taken a variety of forms over the two centuries of its fight for equality and against economic exploitation, commonality has been a unifying theme for many Black people, resulting for example in the Back-to-Africa movement in the United States but also in nationalist beliefs such as an African ‘supra-nation’. Pan-African History brings together Pan-Africanist thinkers and activists from the Anglophone and Francophone worlds of the past two hundred years. Included are well-known figures such as Malcolm X, W.E.B. Du Bois, Frantz Fanon, Kwame Nkrumah, and Martin Delany, and the authors’ original research on lesser-known figures such as Constance Cummings-John and Dusé Mohamed Ali reveals exciting new aspects of Pan-Africanism. Hakim Adi is Senior Lecturer in African and Black British History at Middlesex University, London. He is a founder member and currently Chair of the Black and Asian Studies Association and is the author of West Africans in Britain 1900–1960: Nationalism, Pan-Africanism and Communism (1998) and (with M. Sherwood) The 1945 Manchester Pan-African Congress Revisited (1995). Marika Sherwood is a Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of Commonwealth Studies, University of London. She is a founder member and Secretary of the Black and Asian Studies Association; her most recent books are Claudia Jones: A Life in Exile (2000) and Kwame Nkrumah: The Years Abroad 1935–1947 (1996). -
Tom Mboya and the African Student Airlifts: Inclusion, Equity and Higher Education Among Kenyan Women and Men
Tom Mboya and the African Student Airlifts: Inclusion, Equity and Higher Education Among Kenyan Women and Men by Jim C. Harper, II [email protected] Chair and Associate Professor, Department of History North Carolina Central University Durham, North Carolina Abstract This essay depicts how the Kenyan Student Airlifts and the efforts led by Tom Mboya sought to provide Kenyan women and men opportunities to obtain higher education in the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s, a factor that influenced gender equity in Kenya wherein the efforts Kenyan women and later women throughout the continent of African gained access to higher education which led to greater economic and social mobility in the civil and private sectors of the newly independent African nation. Secondly, it argues that Pan-Africanism, Black nationalism and liberation combined with the United States’ hope to prevent the spread of communism and thus led to Kenyan nationalists and Civil Rights activists in America working together via the education of Kenyan men and women, which set the stage for the inclusion of women in higher education in Africa. Introduction Gender Equity is defined by the United Nations Population Fund as the process of being fair to women and men. The definition further states that “to ensure fairness, strategies and measures must often be available to compensate for women’s historical and social disadvantages that prevent women and men from otherwise operating on a level playing field” (United Nations Publication Fund” 2017). As the second largest continent in both size and population Africa has made great strides toward gender equity. -
A Biography of Jackson Harvester Angaine, 1903-1999
„„A „KING‟ WITHOUT A KINGDOM”: A BIOGRAPHY OF JACKSON HARVESTER ANGAINE, 1903-1999 BY JASON KIAMBI MUNGANIA C50/69650/2013 A RESEARCH PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OFA MASTER OF ARTS DEGREE IN HISTORY. 2016 DECLARATION I declare this research is my original work and has not been submitted for examination in any other University. Signature …………………………… Date …………………………………. JASON KIAMBI MUNGANIA This project has been submitted for examination with our approval as university supervisors Signature …………………………… Date …………………………………. PROF. GODFREY MURIUKI Signature …………………………… Date …………………………………. DR. MARY MWIANDI ii DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my parents Veronica Kanyua and Philip Mungania who enabled me to realise the fruits of education and to my wife Lilian Gacheri and son Morgan Mwenda for being patient with me as I pursued this course. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am extremely grateful to all those who found time to see me. To those who made themselves readily available and from whom my knowledge became richer, I recognize your immense sacrifice. Special thanks goes to my employer, the Teachers Service Commission, for giving me the two- year study leave that freed me from work to concentrate on this task. I recognize the invaluable input from my supervisors, Prof. G. Muriuki and Dr. M.C. Mwiandi, who took the trouble and guided me throughout the writing of this project. I must also thank most sincerely my lecturers, Dr. G. Gona, Dr. H.A. Misigo, Prof. V.G. Simiyu, and the late Prof. M.A. Achola for their guidance and instruction in various coursework units. -
Kenyan Elections 2002: the End of Machiavellian Politics?
Kenyan Election 2002: The End of Machiavellian Politics? Mohamed Bakari* On the 27th of December, 2002, Kenyans went to the polls to elect a 210 member National Assembly.This was Kenya’s 8th election in the last 40 years as an independent state.For all these years , the government was dominated by the ruling party, Kenya African National Union (KANU). Infact through a series of strategies, KANU had managed to perpetuate itself in power as a de facto, and later, a de jure , one party state.With the fall of the Soviet Union in 1990, politics and states in much of the world was transformed in many ways.In Kenya, the early nineties ushered in a serious opposition movement , the Forum for the Restoration of Democracy, which was an alliance of disgruntled politicians, young political idealists and other groups that were yearning for change from the autocratic politics of Daniel Toroitich Arap Moi and the power elite.The most prominent among these was the veteran politician and one time Kenyan Vice President and with populist tendencies, Jaramogi Ajuma Oginga Odinga.The mass movement, which by and large played by the rules, wanted to dismantle the notorious Section 2 (A) of the Constitution of Kenya which barred the formation of other political parties.But the winds of change in the early nineties were so violent and irreversable that the incumbent government had to bow down to increasing internal pressure from its opponents, and external pressure from international donar agencies , powerful foreign governments and human rights organizations like the Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch. -
TJRC Report Volume 2B (Pre-Interference)
Seattle University School of Law Seattle University School of Law Digital Commons The Truth, Justice and Reconciliation I. Core TJRC Related Documents Commission of Kenya 5-3-2013 Final Report - TJRC Report Volume 2B (Pre-Interference) Truth, Justice, and Reconciliation Commission Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/tjrc-core Recommended Citation Truth, Justice, and Reconciliation Commission, "Final Report - TJRC Report Volume 2B (Pre-Interference)" (2013). I. Core TJRC Related Documents. 153. https://digitalcommons.law.seattleu.edu/tjrc-core/153 This Report is brought to you for free and open access by the The Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission of Kenya at Seattle University School of Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in I. Core TJRC Related Documents by an authorized administrator of Seattle University School of Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. REPORT OF THE TRUTH, JUSTICE AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION KENYA Volume IIB REPORT OF THE TRUTH, JUSTICE AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION Volume IIB Volume IIB © Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission, 2013 This publication is available as a pdf on the website of the Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission (and upon its dissolution, on the website of its successor in law). It may be copied and distributed, in its entirety, as long as it is attributed to the Truth, Justice and Reconciliation Commission and used for noncommercial educational or public policy purposes. Photographs may not be used separately from the publication. Published by Truth Justice and Reconciliation Commission (TJRC), Kenya ISBN: 978-9966-1730-3-4 Design & Layout by Noel Creative Media Limited, Nairobi, Kenya D REPORT OF THE TRUTH, JUSTICE AND RECONCILIATION COMMISSION His Excellency President of the Republic of Kenya Nairobi 3 May 2013 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL By Gazette Notice No. -
The New Local Level Politics in East Africa
Research Report no. 95 Karuti Kanyinga Andrew S.Z. Kiondo Per Tidemand The New Local Level Politics in East Africa Studies on Uganda, Tanzania and Kenya Edited and introduced by Peter Gibbon Nordiska Afrikainstitutet (The Scandinavian Institute of African Studies) Uppsala 1994 1 Indexing terms Local government Political participation Social structure Ethnicity East Africa Kenya Tanzania Uganda Copyediting: Susanne Ljung Adriansson Language polishing: Elaine Almén Maps: Odd Arnesen ISSN 0080-6714 ISBN 91-7106-348-x © The authors and Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 1994 2 Contents Acknowledgements 5 Abbreviations 6 Maps 7 INTRODUCTION: THE NEW LOCAL-LEVEL POLITICS IN EAST AFRICA 10 Peter Gibbon Theme 1: The nature of village-level political issues and demarcations 12 Theme 2: Political effects of the pluralisation of development actors 13 Theme 3: Limitations of political patronage 14 Theme 4: Questions of “civil society” and “empowerment” 16 References 17 NEW LOCAL STATE FORMS AND “POPULAR PARTICIPATION” IN BUGANDA, UGANDA 18 Per Tidemand The local state in Buganda prior to 1986 18 Guerrilla war and the origins of the resistance councils (RCs) in Luwero The social structure of rural Buganda today 23 Degrees and forms of participation in the RCs 25 RC “representativeness” 27 Holding the central state accountable 30 The RCs and “empowerment” 33 Liberated zones as explanatory variables 35 The RCs and “popular participation” 36 References 36 THE NEW POLITICS OF LOCAL DEVELOPMENT IN TANZANIA 38 Andrew S.Z. Kiondo The background 38 The problem 41 -
Education, Leadership and Development, with Reference to Kenya
1 Education, Leadership and Development, with reference to Kenya Michael G. W. Connor Department of Political Science MCGill University, Montreal April, 1991 A Thesis submi tted to the Facul ty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the deqree of Masters of Arts. © Michael G. W. Connor 1991 ( Table of Contents Abstracts page i Ackno~Tledgements page ii Chapter One page 1 Chapter Two page 17 Chapter Three page 42 Chapter Four page 67 Conclusions page 108 Appendices page 113 Bibllography page 157 - ii Acknowledgements This thesis, indeed my entire university career would not have been possible without the support of my parents: Eileen Connor and John Connor. Anoop Prihar, Geoffrey Mwau, André Roy, Shelly McPherson, Frank Harvey, Janet Harvey, Elizabeth Morin, Maryse Nault and stuart sutley have aIl been an important sC1urce of encouragement. Professors Dale Thompson and Robert J. Jackson contributed indirectly to the thesis. Professor Frank A. Kunz, my supervisor, brought wisdom, gentle guidance, and patience to the project. In Nairobi l was assisted by Nairobi University's Institute for African Studies which arranged for me to use the university's library. l was introduced to the institute by Prof. Goran Hyden. Mrs. Pamela M'boya, Mr. Simon Gichiru, Mrs. Isabella Muthoni Muthiga, and Mrs. t.loria Hagberg allowed me ta interview them about the Airlifts. Countless individuals in Kenya gave freely of their time to help me gain sorne understanding of their country, particularly Dr. Arnold Rodriguez, Titus Mwau, and James Kashangaki. This project has been an adventure in ward processing and an education in technology. -
|Introduction
Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-49404-5 — Power and the Presidency in Kenya Anaïs Angelo Excerpt More Information |Introduction October 20, Mashujaa Day (Heroes’ Day), celebrates Kenya’s heroes who contributed to the struggle for independence. It commemorates the declaration of the Emergency by the British colonial government in 1952, in the midst of the Mau Mau violent uprising, and the arrest of Mzee Jomo Kenyatta, who was accused of leading the Mau Mau movement. Some sixty years later, on October 20, 2015, as I sat in a local canteen in Makutano town, Meru district, an old television high up on the wall was showing the British documentary “End of Empire. Chapter 12: Kenya.”1 One could hear the late politicians Bildad Kaggia and Fred Kubai, who were arrested by the British government alongside Kenyatta on October 20, 1952, affirming in an interview that Jomo Kenyatta was no Mau Mau, and knew nothing about the movement. Due perhaps to the poor quality of sound and image, the program did not arouse much curiosity in the restaurant. No one seemed to care about the documentary: a disinterest that tempered this surprising choice of film to be broadcast on Mashujaa Day. Less than thirty kilometers away from Makutano is the Mau Mau Veteran Centre of Muthara, still in Meru district. There, the well- known photograph of President Mzee Jomo Kenyatta embracing the Mau Mau leader Field Marshal Mwariama (when the two met imme- diately after Kenya became a republic in 1964) is proudly exhibited on the picture wall of this humble museum. -
Kenya and North America : Educational Comparisons of Their Black Populations
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 1-1-1974 Kenya and North America : educational comparisons of their black populations. Ruth Stutts Njiiri University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1 Recommended Citation Njiiri, Ruth Stutts, "Kenya and North America : educational comparisons of their black populations." (1974). Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014. 2195. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1/2195 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. (c) 1974 RUTH STUTTS NJIIRI ALL RIGHTS RESERVED KENYA AND NORTH AMERICA: EDUCATIONAL COMPARISONS OF THEIR BLACK POPULATIONS A Dissertation Presented By Ruth Stutts Njiiri Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education December 197^ Major Subject Education ' - KENYA AND NORTH AMERICA: EDUCATIONAL COMPARISONS OF THEIR BLACK POPULATIONS A Dissertation By Ruth Stutts Njiiri Approved as to style^and content hy: Dr^ George E. Uspch, Chpiryn l — r'-y pceLS Jyh Dr/idc/rma Jeary Anderscm-?? Member Dr /Johnyip^ta B. Cp^e, Member^ . Dr. KdnWbth R. Washington ,/fll ember tsr- L-J-' Dr. Donald W .White , Member c~J V— Dr. Earl Seidman Acting Dean School of Education December 1974 , ID. ACKN OWLEDGMENTS For . .1 consecutive years, Kenya was my home. During those years, Kenya was transformed from a British colony to an independent African nation.