DOCSLIB.ORG

Sultan Abdullah R Alsaleh Thesis (PDF 5MB)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sultan Abdullah R Alsaleh Thesis (PDF 5MB) INVESTIGATING RIYADH’S PUBLIC HEALTH INSPECTORS' ABILITY TO CONDUCT RISK-BASED FOOD INSPECTION, AND THEIR PROFESSIONAL NEEDS A Mixed-Methods Research Study Sultan Abdullah Alsaleh BPubHlth-HP, MPH Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Public Health and Social Work Faculty of Health Queensland University of Technology 2021 ﷲ ا ا In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful Page | ii Keywords Environmental Health Officer (EHO), food safety, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), foodborne illness (FBI), Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP), Knowledge-to- action framework (KTA), Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs, Public Health Inspector (PHI), risk-based food inspection, Saudi Arabia, traditional food inspection. Page | iii Abstract Background Every year about 600 million –—almost 1 in 10 people in the world –—fall ill after eating unsafe food, and more than 400,000 people die. Public Health Inspectors (PHIs) perform important roles and have numerous responsibilities in efficiently protecting public health from foodborne illnesses (FBIs). Some of these roles and responsibilities include undertaking food safety assessments, enforcing local food safety legislation, and providing support to food establishments (i.e., restaurants) regarding the minimization of food safety risks. The processes of qualifying and training PHIs, and ensuring timely addressing of their professional needs are essential for the successful and safe development of the food industry in any country. At the same time, there is a significant knowledge gap in the food safety area in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, including Saudi Arabia, which is related to the lack of a detailed understanding of the major issues preventing, or interfering with, the implementation and improvement of a food safety inspection approach. Purpose There are two key approaches towards food safety inspection at the food establishments across the globe —the traditional approach and the risk-based (modern) approach. The traditional approach typically focuses on reactive measures towards problems once they have been identified. In contrast, the risk-based approach recommended for adoption by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has a more proactive character, whereby it attempts to identify and address food safety issues before they actually become a public threat. The transition of Saudi Arabia to the risk-based food safety approach raises important questions about the professional needs of the Saudi PHI workforce for and during such a transition. Therefore, guided by the Knowledge-to-Action (KTA) framework, the aim Page | iv of this Thesis was to identify the knowledge and skills needs of the PHIs in Riyadh to conduct risk-based food inspections, including any barriers and factors that may influence the effectiveness of the inspection process. Methods This research was conducted in two phases using both qualitative (phase 1) and quantitative (phase 2) methods and utilising a sequential exploratory design. In the first phase, seven semi-structured interviews were conducted with four PHIs, two senior Environmental Health Mangers (EHMs) and the Coordinator of the Food Safety Diploma. The reason for the inclusion of the EHMs and the Coordinator in phase 1 was to obtain different perspectives. Then, the information gathered from these interviews and the knowledge and skills framework of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), were used to inform the development of the survey in the second phase. A survey was deemed to be a best fit in the current study to capture a large cohort of PHIs’ perceptions. A total of 502 PHIs were invited to participate in phase 2 and 301 completed and submitted it, resulting in a 60% response rate. Findings Results revealed that the levels of formal qualification of PHIs in Riyadh are significantly lower than in other developed and developing countries. Female PHIs typically have lower levels of knowledge and skills compared to their male counterparts. In addition, according to the conducted qualitative (Phase 1) and quantitative (Phase 2) investigations, the majority of participants demonstrated only limited levels of understanding and knowledge about Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) principles, food sampling techniques, food microbiology and the English language as a communication tool with restaurant staff. Page | v Leading towards the anticipated transition to risk-based food inspections in Saudi Arabia, special attention was focused on the professional needs of PHIs and issues that influence their performance, including on-going professional training. In particular, deficiencies in regular training and in the overall training arrangements to PHIs were also demonstrated by the current study. Additionally, lack of job satisfaction was another major finding of the study, with the highest levels of dissatisfaction being expressed with regard to motivation at the workplace, and the lack of support and security provided by the management. It was also found that a large proportion of PHIs in Riyadh regarded the existing food safety laws and regulations are generally inadequate and not sufficiently clear. These were the issues constituting the greatest perceived obstacles for the effective performance of PHIs and an effective transition toward the risk-based inspection approach in Riyadh. In addition, the obtained outcomes could also be generalised to other regions of Saudi Arabia and possibly, other GCC countries. Page | vi Table of Contents Keywords ................................................................................................................................................ iii Abstract ................................................................................................................................................... iv Table of Contents ................................................................................................................................... vii List of Figures ......................................................................................................................................... xii List of Tables ......................................................................................................................................... xiii Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................................... xv Statement of Original Authorship......................................................................................................... xvi Dedication ............................................................................................................................................ xvii Acknowledgment ................................................................................................................................ xviii Conference Participation ....................................................................................................................... xx CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Background ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1. Food Safety Inspection in Saudi Arabia ................................................................................. 4 1.1.2. Contextual Factors ................................................................................................................. 5 1.2. Context.. ........................................................................................................................................ 6 1.3. Scope…… ....................................................................................................................................... 7 1.4. Research Questions ....................................................................................................................10 1.4.1. Primary Question .................................................................................................................10 1.4.2. Secondary Questions ...........................................................................................................10 1.5. Aims and Objectives ...................................................................................................................11 1.6. Methodology ..............................................................................................................................12 1.7. Thesis Document Outline ...........................................................................................................13 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ..........................................................................................................15 2.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................15 2.2. Food Borne Illnesses (FBIs) .........................................................................................................16 2.3. Food Safety Inspection and Inspectors Role ..............................................................................19 2.4. Practice Competencies by Country .............................................................................................23
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Saudi Arabia – Industrial Sector Overview August 2016
    Saudi Arabia – Industrial Sector Overview August 2016 WWW.JEG.ORG.SA Saudi Arabia – Industrial Sector Overview Report, 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary 06 1. Introduction 07 2. Saudi Arabia – Industry Overview 08 2.1 Industry 2020: The National Industrial Strategy 08 2.2 National Transformation Program 2020 09 3. Construction & Cement 10 3.1 Construction 10 3.1.1 Infrastructure Construction 12 3.1.2 Office Construction 12 3.1.3 Building Sector Construction 13 3.1.4 Oil & Gas Sector Construction 14 3.1.5 Power & Water Sector Construction 14 3.1.6 Industrial Construction 15 3.1.7 Retail Construction 15 3.1.8 Hospitality Construction Market 16 3.2 Top Construction Players in the Saudi Arabian Market 17 3.3 Construction Industry Drivers and Constraints 18 3.4 Regulatory Reforms in Construction Sector in Saudi Arabia 18 3.4.1 Green Building Regulations 18 3.4.2 Restrictions on Working Hours 19 3.5 SWOT Analysis 19 3.6 Cement 19 3.6.1 Major Market Players 21 3.6.2 Cement Sector – Issues 21 3.6.3 SWOT Analysis 22 4. Petrochemicals & Refineries 23 4.1 Petrochemicals 23 4.1.1 Major Market Players 24 4.1.2 SWOT Analysis 26 4.2 Refining 26 4.2.1 SWOT Analysis 27 5. Mining & Metals 28 5.1 Major Market Players 29 5.2 SWOT Analysis 29 6. Regulations and Ease of Doing Business 30 Saudi Arabia – Industrial Sector Overview Report, 2016 2 7. Industry – Outlook 31 7.1 Non-oil Sector Growth Contracts 31 7.2 Implications of Global Oil Market for Saudi Arabia 31 7.3 USD 4 Trillion Investment Needed to Sustain Job Demand in Non-oil Economy 31 7.4 Privatization and an Open Stock Exchange 31 8.
    [Show full text]
  • Saudi Arabia, the Soviet Union, and Modern Islam
    SAUDI ARABIA, THE SOVIET UNION, AND MODERN ISLAM Sean Foley* Abstract: This paper examines Saudi-Soviet diplomacy in the interwar period, which has received little scholarly coverage but has had an important impact on the Middle East and the Muslim World. In the 1920s and the 1930s, Saudi Arabia and the Soviet Union cooperated closely in a number of areas, and Western governments recognised that an alliance would have transformed politics in the Middle East. The failure of the diplomatic relationship to last was a missed opportunity for both states and for the wider Muslim world. Not only did it limit Soviet diplomacy in the Arab World and cement the US-Saudi alliance, but it also cut off Soviet Muslims from Arabia. After the Soviet Union collapsed, the legacy Saudi-Soviet relations in the interwar period remained important. Al-Qaeda used Riyadh’s historic ties with Washington to justify its violence, while millions of Muslims in the former Soviet Union re-embraced their faith and forged closer ties with Saudi Arabia than ever before. Introduction On 29 May 1932 a battalion of Soviet cavalry and one of Soviet infantry stood at attention for an unusual visitor to Moscow’s Belorussian-Baltic railway station: Prince Faysal of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Wearing a gold-braided thob, gallabia, and burnoose but with Western shoes, the twenty-six-year-old prince was only the second such personage to visit the Soviet capital since the fall of the Czar in 1917.1 Senior Soviet officials, including first deputy foreign minister Nikolai Krestinsky, met him and his delegation at the train station and joined the Soviet officials who had met the Saudi Prince’s train when it crossed the Polish-Soviet border.2 As the prince walked along an exquisite carpet past saluting soldiers, large crowds gathered to see him and bands alternated playing the Hijaz’s national anthem and the Internationale.
    [Show full text]
  • Saudi Arabia
    Transparency International Anti-Corruption Helpdesk Answer An overview of corruption and anti -corruption in Saudi Arabia Author(s): Kaunain Rahman, [email protected] Reviewer(s): Marwa Fatafta and Matthew Jenkins, Transparency International Date: 23 January 2020 The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is an absolute monarchy, commonly viewed by observers as an authoritarian state (IBP 2017). With severely limited civic space and freedom of expression, the country has witnessed escalating suppression of dissidents and severe human rights abuses (CIVICUS 2018; Freedom House 2019; Human Rights Watch 2019a). Although there have been high-profile measures to curb graft in recent years, many analysts view the anti-corruption drive headed by the crown prince as motivated primarily by a desire to consolidate political power (Kirkpatrick 2019). While the effective implementation of anti-corruption efforts is largely at the discretion of the country’s rulers, corruption is viewed by observers as a significant issue in the country (Freedom House 2019; GAN Integrity 2019). Notably, almost total opacity in public accounting prevents ordinary Saudis from understanding how much of the state income generated by massive oil revenues ends up as private wealth for the royal family and its clients (Freedom House 2019; Hertog 2019). © 2020 Transparency International. All rights reserved. This document should not be considered as representative of the Commission or Transparency International’s official position. Neither the European Commission,Transparency International nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information. This Anti-Corruption Helpdesk is operated by Transparency International and funded by the European Union.
    [Show full text]
  • Extremism and Terrorism
    Yemen: Extremism and Terrorism On September 11, 2021, militants fired a ballistic missile and explosive-laden drones toward the Red Sea port city of Mocha in Yemen, destroying several warehouses of humanitarian aid. No casualties were reported. Officials from the internationally recognized government blamed the Houthis, who did not immediately claim responsibility for the attack. The strikes came as the Houthis continued their assault on the northern Yemeni city of Marib, a stronghold of the internationally recognized government. Between September 2 and September 4, at least 22 pro-government forces were killed and 50 were wounded in fighting with the Houthis. At least 48 Houthi fighters were also killed during that period. (Sources: Associated Press , Jordan Times) On September 1, 2021, Saudi forces intercepted and destroyed three Houthi drones over Yemen, which the Saudis said were targeting civilians. On August 29, Houthi forces launched armed drones and ballistic missiles toward the al-Anad military base in southern Yemen, killing at least 30 soldiers and wounding 60. At the same time, the Houthis continued to engage government-backed forces around Marib and the surrounding areas of Al-Mashjah, Al-Kasarah, Jabal Murad, and Rahabah. On August 30, at least 11 government-aligned soldiers were killed and several were reportedly wounded. Iranian media claimed dozens of Arab coalition fighters were killed in the fighting. Yemen’s Armed Forces Guidance Department estimated at least 800 Houthi fighters were killed during 72 hours of fighting. Military officials claimed Iran sent military experts and fighters from the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), Iraq, and Lebanon to provide reinforcements to the Houthis.
    [Show full text]
  • Leading. Together
    LEADING. TOGETHER. Annual Report 2019 The Custodian of the Two Holy His Royal Highness Crown Prince Mosques Mohammad Bin Salman Bin Abdulaziz King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Al Saud Al Saud SABB Annual Report 2019 Leading. Together. 3 A joint history of over 120 years 1926 1928 1939 1977 Netherlands Assists the Kingdom Facilitates payment Saudi Hollandi Trading Society in issuing its first for first oil export Bank established opens in Jeddah independent currency as a JV bank 2017 2016 2004 2003 Launches first digital Rebrands to Issues first Issues first smart branch IBDA Alawwal Bank subordinated bond credit card in the The integration of SABB and Alawwal Best Digital Bank in Bank of the Year in in the Kingdom Kingdom Saudi Arabia KSA (The Banker) Bank is underway. This strategic merger (Banker Middle East) is a milestone in the history of Saudi 2018 2019 Best Trade Finance banking, and for our two institutions. It 2018 Provider (Euromoney) Most Innovative Merger Best Treasury and Cash Bank in KSA marks the end of one journey and the Management Provider (Banker Middle East) beginning of another. (Global Finance) SABB Ms. Lubna S. Olayan Chair 1991 2002 2005 2016 Issuance of SABB’s First Saudi bank First Saudi bank to Best Bank in Saudi first credit card to launch a Home issue international Arabia (Asiamoney) Finance Programme bonds 1990 1978 1950 SABB’s first Royal Decree SABB’s origins ATM launched establishing SABB begin at a branch in Alkhobar SABB Annual Report 2019 Leading. Together. 5 Table of contents Governance • The Board of Directors
    [Show full text]
  • Public Health Risks Related to Communicable Diseases During the Hajj 2019, Saudi Arabia, 9–14 August 2019 2 July 2019
    RAPID RISK ASSESSMENT Public health risks related to communicable diseases during the hajj 2019, Saudi Arabia, 9–14 August 2019 2 July 2019 Main conclusions and options for response In 2019, the hajj will take place between 9 and 14 August. The risk for EU/EEA citizens to become infected with communicable diseases during the 2019 hajj is considered low, thanks to the vaccination requirements for travelling to Makkah (Mecca) and the Saudi Arabian preparedness plans that address the management of health hazards during and after hajj. As with other mass gathering events, the risk of communicable disease outbreaks is greatest for food- and waterborne diseases and respiratory diseases. Outbreaks of MERS-CoV continue to be reported from the Arabian Peninsula, specifically from Saudi Arabia, which implies that there is a risk of importation of cases to Europe after the hajj. The risk of vaccine-preventable and vector-borne diseases is considered low if preventive measures are applied. Advice for those making the hajj Prior to travelling It is important that travellers seek advice from healthcare providers on the health requirements and recommendations for Saudi Arabia. Travellers should be advised to follow recommendations issued by the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health and WHO. Advice issued by ECDC should also be taken into account. According to the Saudi authorities, pilgrims are required to provide proof of vaccination with the conjugated meningococcal ACW135Y vaccine administered no less than ten days prior to arrival in Saudi Arabia in order to obtain an entry visa. Travellers making the hajj should be up to date with immunisations routinely administered in their EU country of residence, including vaccinations for measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) and diphtheria-tetanus-polio (see ECDC vaccine schedule site).
    [Show full text]
  • The Federal Government's Second Report on the Global Status Of
    The Federal Government’s Second Report on the Global Status of Freedom of Religion Reporting period 2018 – 2019 The wooden structure 7.5 metres high known as the “Ring for Peace” stands in the Luitpoldpark in Lindau on Lake Constance. It was erected to commemorate the 10th World Assembly of the NGO Religions for Peace in August 2019. Gisbert Baarmann, the sculptor who created the artwork, integrated 36 different kinds of wood from all over the world into it. The meeting in the Allgäu region in southern Germany brought together some 900 representatives of religious faiths from around 100 countries. © picture alliance / dpa / Carolin Gißibl 2 Federal Government Commissioner for Global Freedom of Religion and Member of the German Parliament, Markus Grübel. © RFB Dear readers, When an argument developed between a Christian agricultural worker and her co-workers in June 2009, little did she know that everything would change for her from that day. What happened next in that province in South Asia was to determine her life from that moment on and have massive repercussions worldwide. On the day in question, her fellow workers told her she was “un- clean” because of her faith. An argument ensued, in the course of which she was accused of blasphemy. It was claimed that she had insulted the Prophet Muhammad. In the days that followed, she was threatened by a mob and then arrested by the police and charged with blasphemy. In 2010, she was sentenced to death. When, years later, the sentence was overturned, protests erupted. Protesters called for the sentence to be upheld and the worker put to death.
    [Show full text]
  • Ksa 2021 Attractiveness and Uncertainties
    KSA 2021 ATTRACTIVENESS AND UNCERTAINTIES IPSOS FLAIR COLLECTION IPSOS FLAIR COLLECTION | KSA 2021 KSA 2021 ATTRACTIVENESS AND UNCERTAINTIES Ipsos Editions February 2021 © 2021 3 ATTRACTIVENESS AND UNCERTAINTIES IPSOS FLAIR: UNDERSTAND TO FORESEE Henri Wallard Deputy CEO We are very pleased to publish our first edition of Ipsos Flair focusing on KSA. Launched in 2005, Ipsos Flair is an international publication that analyzes the values and attitudes of consumers and citizens impacting to provide substantial analysis and recommend the best strategies for decision makers. Flair is about instinct and intuition, the ability to capture the atmosphere of a country, to perceive the right direction, to know when to act. At Ipsos we believe our clients need more than a data supplier: they need a partner who can produce accurate and relevant information and turn it into actionable truth. This is why our curious and passionate experts not only provide the most precise measurement but shape it to provide true understanding. To do this we use the best of science, technology and know-how - and apply the principles of security, simplicity, speed and substance to everything we do. So that our clients can act faster, smarter and bolder. Ultimately, success comes down to a simple truth: You act better when you are sure. Our teams help clients develop and strengthen brands and build long-term relationships with their customers. They test advertising and study audience responses to various forms of media and they measure public opinion around the globe. 4 IPSOS FLAIR COLLECTION | KSA 2021 Ipsos has grown into a worldwide research group with a strong presence in 90 markets, and Ipsos has been in KSA since 2001 with offices in Riyadh and Jeddah.
    [Show full text]
  • Ksa 2021 Attractiveness and Uncertainties
    KSA 2021 ATTRACTIVENESS AND UNCERTAINTIES IPSOS FLAIR COLLECTION IPSOS FLAIR COLLECTION | KSA 2021 KSA 2021 ATTRACTIVENESS AND UNCERTAINTIES Ipsos Editions February 2021 © 2021 3 ATTRACTIVENESS AND UNCERTAINTIES IPSOS FLAIR COLLECTION | KSA 2021 IPSOS FLAIR: Ipsos has grown into a worldwide research group with a strong presence in 90 UNDERSTAND TO FORESEE markets, and Ipsos has been in KSA since 2001 with offices in Riyadh and Jeddah. By bringing together diverse and complementary perspectives, the Ipsos Henri Wallard Flair series helps our clients to formulate and to fine tune strategic planning Deputy CEO approaches. This publication summarizes the knowledge and experience gained by our research teams in KSA. It is part of a series of books published by Ipsos around the world: the Ipsos Flair programme. We are very pleased to publish our first edition of Ipsos Flair focusing on KSA. Enjoy your reading! Launched in 2005, Ipsos Flair is an international publication that analyzes the values and attitudes of consumers and citizens impacting to provide substantial analysis and recommend the best strategies for decision makers. Flair is about instinct and intuition, the ability to capture the atmosphere of a country, to perceive the right direction, to know when to act. At Ipsos we believe our clients need more than a data supplier: they need a partner who can produce accurate and relevant information and turn it into actionable truth. This is why our curious and passionate experts not only provide the most precise measurement but shape it to provide true understanding. To do this we use the best of science, technology and know-how - and apply the principles of security, simplicity, speed and substance to everything we do.
    [Show full text]
  • National Digital Transformation
    National Digital Transformation Annual Report 2019 MY PRIMARY GOAL IS TO“ BE AN EXEMPLARY AND LEADING NATION IN ALL ASPECTS, AND I WILL WORK WITH YOU IN “ ACHIEVING THIS ENDEAVOUR Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Al Saud Our ambition is to builD a more “ prospErous homElanD in which citizens finD what thEy wish. ThE only acceptablE futurE built by us togEthEr for“ our nation is make it to thE forefront of thE worlD HRH Prince Mohammad bin Salman bin Abdulaziz, Crown Prince, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Defense Membership of National Committee For Digital Transformation H.E. Dr. Tawfiq Alrabiah H.E. Dr. Majed Alqasabi H.E. Mr. Mohammed Aljadaan Minister of Health Minister of Commerce Minister of Finance and Acting minister of Economy & Planning H.E. Eng. Abdullah Alswaha H.E. Dr. Hamad Al Alshaikh Minister of Communications & H.E. Dr. Nasser Aldawoud Information Technology, Minister of Education Vice Minister of Interior President of the national committee for digital transformation H.E. Dr. Khalid Alsabti H.E. Dr. Abdullah Alghamdi H.E. Dr. Essam Alwaqit Governor of National President of Saudi Data and Director of National Information Center Cybersecurity Authority Artificial Intelligence Authority ENG. Mohammad Abdulrhman Alsha’alan CEO of National Digital Transformation Unit Thanks to Digital Transformation Partners 5 Digital Transformation Annual Report -2019 Introduction Digital transformation is a key enabler for realizing Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 -geared toward creating a vibrant society, a thriving economy and an ambitious nation- by building a digital society, a digital economy and a digital nation.
    [Show full text]
  • Survey of COPD Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes Among Saudi Arabian Respiratory Therapists
    Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Respiratory Therapy Theses Department of Respiratory Therapy Spring 3-31-2021 Survey of COPD Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes Among Saudi Arabian Respiratory Therapists Ziyad Mubarak Alshahrani Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/rt_theses Recommended Citation Alshahrani, Ziyad Mubarak, "Survey of COPD Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes Among Saudi Arabian Respiratory Therapists." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2021. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/rt_theses/54 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Respiratory Therapy at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Respiratory Therapy Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Respiratory Therapy Theses Department of Respiratory Therapy Spring 3-31-2021 Survey of COPD Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes Among Saudi Arabian Respiratory Therapists Ziyad Mubarak Alshahrani Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/rt_theses Survey of COPD Knowledge, Skills, And Attitudes Among Saudi Arabian Respiratory Therapists By Ziyad Mubarak A. Alshahrani A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfilment of Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Health Sciences in the Department of Respiratory Therapy Under the supervision of Dr. Lynda T. Goodfellow, EdD, RRT, AE-C, FAARC In Byrdine F. Lewis College of Nursing and Health Professions Georgia State University Spring, 2021 ACCEPTANCE This thesis, Survey of COPD Knowledge, Skills, And Attitudes Among Saudi Arabian Respiratory Therapists by Ziyad Alshahrani was prepared under the direction of the Master’s Thesis Advisory Committee.
    [Show full text]
  • The Gulf's Early Economic Policy Response to the Crises of 2020
    Is This Time Different? The Gulf’s Early Economic Policy Response to the Crises of 2020 Robert Mogielnicki Is This Time Different? The Gulf’s Early Economic Policy Response to the Crises of 2020 Robert Mogielnicki August 19, 2020 Issue Paper #5 2020 The Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington (AGSIW), launched in 2015, is an independent, nonprofit institution dedicated to providing expert research and analysis of the social, economic, and political dimensions of the Gulf Arab states and key neighboring countries and how they affect domestic and foreign policy. AGSIW focuses on issues ranging from politics and security to economics, trade, and business; from social dynamics to civil society and culture. Through programs, publications, and scholarly exchanges the institute seeks to encourage thoughtful debate and inform the U.S. foreign-policy, business, and academic communities regarding this critical geostrategic region. © 2020 Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington. All rights reserved. AGSIW does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are the author’s own and do not necessarily reflect the views of AGSIW, its staff, or its board of directors. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in writing from AGSIW. Please direct inquiries to: [email protected] This publication can be downloaded at no cost at www.agsiw.org. Cover Photo Credit: AP Photo/Jon Gambrell About the Author Robert Mogielnicki is a resident scholar at the Arab Gulf States Institute in Washington. An expert in the political economy of the Middle East and North Africa, he previously served as a senior analyst with the Siwa Group and head of public relations and marketing for Oxford Strategic Consulting, a United Kingdom/Gulf Cooperation Council-focused research consultancy.
    [Show full text]