Organised Phonology Data

Karkar-Yuri Language [YUJ] Green River – Sandaun Province Trans New Guinea Phylum; Karkar-Yuri Isolate Population census: 1200 (1980) Major villages: Tingirabu, Fongwinam, Panengin, Wusari, Troali, Kambriap, Yuri 1 and 2, Auia 1 and 2. Linguistic work done by: SIL Data checked by: Dorothy Price (July 1992)

Phonemic and Orthographic Inventory

    e  i   o u f f k k m m m p a á ae ao e é i  o ou u f fw k kw m mw m mp A Á Ae Ao E É I O Ou F Fw K Kw M Mw Mp

p n n k k t p p   s t w j  mpw n n nk nkw nt p pw r r s t w y Mpw N Nk Nkw Nt P Pw S T W Y

Consonants

Bilab LabDen Dental Alveo Postalv Retro Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn Glottal Plosive p t k  Nasal m n Trill Tap/Flap  Fricative f s Lateral Fricative Approx j Lateral Approx Ejective Stop Implos

/w/ voiced labial-velar approximant

/p/ labialized bilabial plosive

/f/ labialized labiodental fricative

/m/ labialized bilabial nasal

/k/ labialized velar plosive

/p/ prenasalized bilabial plosive

/t / prenasalize alveolar plosives Karkar-Yuri OPD Printed: August 25, 2004 Page 2

/k/ prenasalized velar plosive

/p/ prenasalized labialized labial plosive

/k/ prenasalized labialized velar plosive

/m/ glottalized bilabial nasal

/n/ glottalized alveolar nasal

// glottalized alveolar flap p pi 'banana sp.' t ntae 'tapioca' yupwi 'yam type' antáp 'sister of a man' akap 'to draw out' kánt 'ant' appe 'grandfather' antme 'Papuan Hornbill' topfar 'end wall of house'

n ni 'sago' p mpouran 'tomorrow' konae 'bird sp.' kémpi 'scrotum' arean 'necklace' yamp 'to bite' kannkan 'scabies' nompnomp fek 'in the dry season' suwaensa 'banana sp.' p pwi 'enough' n - apwar 'weeds' pan 'sago flour' -

 - m mae 'give me' fére 'ten /shoulder' émi 'flesh' nér 'to yap' tam 'banana' kwarmekamp 'fish sp.' kémso 'marsupial'

 - m mwae 'road' antar 'butterfly' yumwi 'stone'

s sér 'to say' m - asani 'baby girl' wom 'string skirt' as 'dog' - asmaok 'knife' kémso 'marsupial' f fi 'origin' Tafa 'man's name' k kar 'speech, voice' topfar 'end wall of house' mukur 'to lick' yak 'to stay' f fwe 'a flat surface' kákkar 'to bicker' - apko 'wild pitpit'

nkote 'that over there' w wi 'thorn' k yuwi 'fireplace' ankank 'thing' - nonk 'tadpole' panwar 'round lump of sago flour' nape nononkré 'hunt pigs'

kwar 'ground, earth' t tár 'to dance' k kotám 'plant sp.' oukwe 'salt' - -

Karkar-Yuri OPD Printed: August 25, 2004 Page 3

k nkwakwe make 'many kinds of' j yae 'hand'' ankwap 'another' ayao 'daddy' - -

 - - yuwi 'stove, fireplace'

Vowels

i  u

e o      // i - e er 'bird sp.' kir 'large shell ring' serém 'sago rib bark' kani 'water crab' fére 'shoulder, ten' kkiank 'to love, like, long for' ankamea 'white yam'

 kr 'to surround, hem in'  aenenk 'sisters' faek 'at the edge of' kr 'big bird' aeyae 'mummy' k 'to open, loosen, undo' kaeak 'wild pitpit'

 épi 'old (thing)'  aokor 'to be lose' kér 'snake' faonkwe 'hill' - yao 'tree' (general) u -  puri fek 'of the same height' kár 'swamp' pu 'leg' má 'this' o ouwi 'wind'  amfae 'bamboo knife' pour 'tulip greens' wap 'fungus' kou 'pig' sarom 'torch' ma 'here! / take it!'  onomp 'my' kok 'in the middle of' amo 'you (sg)'

Suprasegmentals (tone, stress, length) Karkar-Yuri is a stress-timed language. The stress system is extremely complex. The higher the vowel in the vowel hierarchy, the more likely it is to take stress. Syllable weight and word balance and types of suffixes also affect the stress. Unusual contrastive intonation occurs on one word-final grammatical particle. Karkar-Yuri OPD Printed: August 25, 2004 Page 4

Syllable Patterns V ou 'plant sp.' é.pép 'dust' ke.a.kap 'hit with leaves' ke.ao 'sooty owl' VC am 'that' am.fae 'bamboo knife' kwe.am 'fish sp.' CV kou 'pig' nae.wo 'native lime tree' pá.ná.nkár 'push down' a.mo 'you (sg)' CVC kwas 'frog sp.' yak.yak 'grasshopper sp.' wo.rop.ré nénk 'divide out' ko.mont 'tree sp.'

Conventions: Phonological

// is pronounced back rounded [ ] occurring after the segments [w kw pw mw fw] when followed by bilabials and velars (/ p b k/ etc.).

/k/ is weakened to [x] utterance finally and to [] word medially.

The contrast between /p/ and /f/ is generally neutralized to [] intervocalically. The resulting [] is written as < p > regardless of its source. There are a few names with /f/ pronounced medially, e.g. Tafa. Phonemic labialization occurs word medially only in two words: apwar 'weeds, to weed' and ankwap 'another'. More commonly the round vowel causes rounding on the following front unrounded vowel in the form of inserted labialization between the bilabial and that unrounded vowel. Non-phonemic labialization is usually written if it is part of the word stem: porokwap 'to hit' ,whereas in adding a suffix it is not inserted: pokea (pok+ea) [pe] 'going up' In some words the final plosive in word final consonant clusters is not pronounced, but it appears when certain morphemes are added: onomp [nm] 'my' , onompono [nmbn] 'it's mine'. The silent consonant is written.

Conventions: Orthographic Glottal plosive is not written., except in dictionary.

< p > represents both /p/ and medial /f/, except in some men's names: Tafa (where it's pronounced [f]). Both phonemic and non-phonemic labalization are usually written. Stress < ' > is written only in the dictionary.

Intervocalic [w] and [y] are written according to following rules: 1.in compound and derived words following the morphemes: yaowar (yao+war) 'wood stacking place', kouan (kou+an) 'to the pig', 2. all vowels that can stand alone as syllables word-initially can begin a word-medial syllable. Those that cannot, /i/ and /u/, need to be preceded by the semivowel, ouwi 'wind , keao /ke.o/ 'sooty owl'; 3. If one of two contiguous vowels is rounded, the semivowel between them will be [w] as in naewo 'native lime tree'. Hyphens are used in some cases to break reduplicated words: némp-némp ‘from village to village', ku-kumur 'every day' ; and some simultaneous-action serial verbs: samp-tank 'to hold and sit'.

Transcription of a recorded passage / n wkwk k p m fek np tupwt k mek kpe | pn fkwp w nek | w bus kp || m bus kp nk mk | jin w pkop | w bus tmn kpne || mki pkp tu kupe j wk pki mek woi jkpek | wkmk kpepn /

Karkar-Yuri OPD Printed: August 25, 2004 Page 5

< Ono wokwaek kar épér mo fek onomp éntupwarént kár mek akwapea, pan forokwaprá wa nenko, wao barus korop. Am barus korop nánko maok, yino wará pakoprá, "W! Barus támán koropéne!" Makria prkmpá tukupea yao wankor pékri mek wouri yakápeaka, wakmwaek akwapempon. >

'Long ago when I was a little child, I went with my mother to the swamp, and while we were collecting the sago flour, we heard a plane come. When that plane came, we kept on listening. "Help! That plane is coming!" So we scattered and went and hid in the ironwood tree trunk and stayed, and later we went.'

Bibliography Price, Dorothy, 1987. 'Some Karkar-Yuri orthography and spelling decisions.' Data Papers on Papua New Guinea Languages 33:57-76 Price, Dorothy, and Veda Ridgen. 1978-87. Manuscripts. SIL, Ukarumpa.