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Level Diagnosis of Cervical Compressive Myelopathy: Signs, Symptoms, and Lesions Levels
Elmer Press Original Article J Neurol Res • 2013;3(5):135-141 Level Diagnosis of Cervical Compressive Myelopathy: Signs, Symptoms, and Lesions Levels Naoki Kasahata ficult to accurately localize the lesion before radiographic Abstract diagnosis. However, neurological level diagnosis of spinal cord is important for accurate lesion-specific level diagnosis, Background: To elucidate signs and symptoms corresponding to patients’ treatment, avoiding diagnostic error, differential di- each vertebral level for level-specific diagnoses. agnosis, and especially for accurate level diagnosis of other nonsurgical myelopathies. Moreover, level diagnosis should Methods: We studied 106 patients with cervical compressive my- be considered from multiple viewpoints. Therefore, we in- elopathy. Patients who showed a single compressive site on mag- tend to make level diagnosis of myelopathy more accurate. netic resonance imaging (MRI) were selected, and signs, symp- Previously, lesion-specific level diagnoses by determin- toms, and the levels of the MRI lesions were studied. ing a sensory disturbance area or location of numbness in Results: Five of 12 patients (41.7%) with C4-5 intervertebral level the hands had the highest accuracy [1, 2]. Previous stud- lesions showed decreased or absent biceps and brachioradialis re- ies reported that C3-4 intervertebral level lesions showed flexes, while 4 of these patients (33.3%) showed generalized hyper- increased or decreased biceps reflexes, deltoid weakness, reflexia. In comparison, 5 of 24 patients (20.8%) with C5-6 inter- and sensory disturbance of arms or forearms [1, 3, 4], while vertebral level lesions showed decreased or absent triceps reflexes; C4-5 intervertebral level lesions showed decreased biceps however, 9 of these patients (37.5%) showed decreased or absent reflexes, biceps weakness, and sensory disturbance of hands biceps and brachioradialis reflexes. -
Treatment Protocol Copyright © 2018 Kostoff Et Al
Prevention and reversal of Alzheimer's disease: treatment protocol Copyright © 2018 Kostoff et al PREVENTION AND REVERSAL OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: TREATMENT PROTOCOL by Ronald N. Kostoffa, Alan L. Porterb, Henry. A. Buchtelc (a) Research Affiliate, School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA (b) Professor Emeritus, School of Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA (c) Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, USA KEYWORDS Alzheimer's Disease; Dementia; Text Mining; Literature-Based Discovery; Information Technology; Treatments Prevention and reversal of Alzheimer's disease: treatment protocol Copyright © 2018 Kostoff et al CITATION TO MONOGRAPH Kostoff RN, Porter AL, Buchtel HA. Prevention and reversal of Alzheimer's disease: treatment protocol. Georgia Institute of Technology. 2018. PDF. https://smartech.gatech.edu/handle/1853/59311 COPYRIGHT AND CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSE COPYRIGHT Copyright © 2018 by Ronald N. Kostoff, Alan L. Porter, Henry A. Buchtel Printed in the United States of America; First Printing, 2018 CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSE This work can be copied and redistributed in any medium or format provided that credit is given to the original author. For more details on the CC BY license, see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License<http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/>. DISCLAIMERS The views in this monograph are solely those of the authors, and do not represent the views of the Georgia Institute of Technology or the University of Michigan. This monograph is not intended as a substitute for the medical advice of physicians. The reader should regularly consult a physician in matters relating to his/her health and particularly with respect to any symptoms that may require diagnosis or medical attention. -
(19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub
US 20130289061A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2013/0289061 A1 Bhide et al. (43) Pub. Date: Oct. 31, 2013 (54) METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS TO Publication Classi?cation PREVENT ADDICTION (51) Int. Cl. (71) Applicant: The General Hospital Corporation, A61K 31/485 (2006-01) Boston’ MA (Us) A61K 31/4458 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. (72) Inventors: Pradeep G. Bhide; Peabody, MA (US); CPC """"" " A61K31/485 (201301); ‘4161223011? Jmm‘“ Zhu’ Ansm’ MA. (Us); USPC ......... .. 514/282; 514/317; 514/654; 514/618; Thomas J. Spencer; Carhsle; MA (US); 514/279 Joseph Biederman; Brookline; MA (Us) (57) ABSTRACT Disclosed herein is a method of reducing or preventing the development of aversion to a CNS stimulant in a subject (21) App1_ NO_; 13/924,815 comprising; administering a therapeutic amount of the neu rological stimulant and administering an antagonist of the kappa opioid receptor; to thereby reduce or prevent the devel - . opment of aversion to the CNS stimulant in the subject. Also (22) Flled' Jun‘ 24’ 2013 disclosed is a method of reducing or preventing the develop ment of addiction to a CNS stimulant in a subj ect; comprising; _ _ administering the CNS stimulant and administering a mu Related U‘s‘ Apphcatlon Data opioid receptor antagonist to thereby reduce or prevent the (63) Continuation of application NO 13/389,959, ?led on development of addiction to the CNS stimulant in the subject. Apt 27’ 2012’ ?led as application NO_ PCT/US2010/ Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising 045486 on Aug' 13 2010' a central nervous system stimulant and an opioid receptor ’ antagonist. -
Analytical Methods for Determination of Benzodiazepines. a Short Review
Cent. Eur. J. Chem. • 12(10) • 2014 • 994-1007 DOI: 10.2478/s11532-014-0551-1 Central European Journal of Chemistry Analytical methods for determination of benzodiazepines. A short review Review Article Paulina Szatkowska1, Marcin Koba1*, Piotr Kośliński1, Jacek Wandas1, Tomasz Bączek2,3 1Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland 2Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland 3Institute of Health Sciences, Division of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Pomeranian University of Słupsk, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland Received 16 July 2013; Accepted 6 February 2014 Abstract: Benzodiazepines (BDZs) are generally commonly used as anxiolytic and/or hypnotic drugs as a ligand of the GABAA-benzodiazepine receptor. Moreover, some of benzodiazepines are widely used as an anti-depressive and sedative drugs, and also as anti-epileptic drugs and in some cases can be useful as an adjunct treatment in refractory epilepsies or anti-alcoholic therapy. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) methods, gas chromatography (GC) methods, capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods and some of spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric methods were developed and have been extensively applied to the analysis of number of benzodiazepine derivative drugs (BDZs) providing reliable and accurate results. The available chemical methods for the determination of BDZs in biological materials and pharmaceutical formulations are reviewed in this work. Keywords: Analytical methods • Benzodiazepines • Drugs analysis • Pharmaceutical formulations © Versita Sp. z o.o. 1. Introduction and long). For this reason, an application of these drugs became broader allowing their utility to a larger extent, Benzodiazepines have been first introduced into medical and at the same time, problems related to drug abuse practice in the 60s of the last century. -
Cognitive Functions Enhancers Racetams
Central nervous system stimulants • compounds stimulating mental functions and physical performance 1. Phenylethylamine and phenylisopropylamine derivatives 2. Modafinil 3. Purine alkaloids 4. Compounds with tropane scaffold ● different concept to those of Ashutosh Kar, Medicinal Chemistry, Anshan, Tunbridge Wells, UK, 2006, Chapter 8, pp. 194-209 © Oldřich Farsa 2011 1. Phenylethylamine and phenylisopropylamine derivatives • natural catecholamines analogues OH H HO N NH R 2 CH HO 3 amphetamine R = H noradrenaline R = CH3 adrenaline Phenylethylamine and phenylisopropylamine derivatives = indirect adrenergics – do not interact directly with adrenergic receptors in the brain but inhibit reuptake of catecholamines or increse their release from synapses; some of them act similarly also in serotoninergic system •centrally stimulating and anorectic effects -OH group in α-position toward the aromatic ring is missing or O is the part of a cycle (morpholine) -OH group on the benzene ring are missing or etherified phenylethylamine moiety can also be a part of a cycle R1 R1 R2 N H 1. Phenylethylamine and phenylisopropylamine derivatives Compounds used as therapeutics H H N H C 2 3 N O (R,S)-1-phenyl-2-aminopropane 2-phenyl-3- amphetamine methylmorpholine phenmethrazine •supression of fatigue, feelings of hunger and thirst, increase of performance •mobilization of energy reserves of organism •indications: narcolepsy, obesity (obsolete) •overdosage: total exhausting, dehydratation, circulation breakdown •see further centrally acting anobesics (anorectics) -
Clinical Assessment
ID Canadian Study of Health and Aging - 3 CLINICAL ASSESSMENT CONSENSUS DIAGNOSTIC OPINION English: 1 To reach 'Part 1 - Final Diagnosis' the following are reviewed: Screening Questionnaire Informant or Caregiver Interview Clinical Assessment, Section 1: Clinician's Evaluation Clinical Assessment, Section 2: Clinician's Preliminary Diagnostic Opinion Neuropsychological Assessment, including Score Sheets and Evaluation Complete 1 Incomplete 2 YES NO Edited 1 2 Editor's # www.csha.ca C-i CONSENSUS DIAGNOSTIC OPINION ID Date of consensus conference / / dd mm yyyy NOTE: Circle only one of the diagnostic categories A to F. Fill in more detail where appropriate. Diagnoses must be made. Confidence in the diagnoses can be recorded for each diagnosis. PART 1 FINAL DIAGNOSIS 1 A. No cognitive impairment B1. Cognitive impairment but no dementia (CIND) (circle one or more of the subcategories below) 1 delirium 6 age-associated memory impairment 15 epilepsy 2 chronic alcohol abuse 7 mental retardation 16 socio-cultural 3 chronic drug intoxication 10 cerebral vascular, stroke 17 social isolation 4 depression 11 general vascular 18 blind/deaf 5 psychiatric disease 12 Parkinson's disease 19 unknown (other than depression) 13 brain tumour 8 other, specify: 14 multiple sclerosis B2. Specify most important of those listed in B.1 C. Alzheimer's Disease (circle only one of 1 or 2): 1 probable 2 possible (circle only one of 2.1 to 2.4): 2.1 atypical presentation/course (e.g. major aphasia, apraxia) specify: 2.2 with vascular components 2.3 with Parkinsonism (EP signs) 2.4 with coexisting disease D. Vascular dementia [ischemic score ] (circle only one of 1 to 4) 1 of acute onset 2 multiple cortical infarct 3 subcortical 4 mixed cortical and subcortical E. -
NPS) Via Online Drugsmarkten
Een studie naar de motieven achter de aankoop van New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) via online drugsmarkten Masterproef neergelegd tot het behalen van de graad van Master in de Criminologische Wetenschappen door (01404422) Noninckx Robi Academiejaar 2017-2018 Promotor : Commissaris : Colman Charlotte Bawin Frédérique INHOUDSOPGAVE Afkortingenlijst ...................................................................................................................... III Woord vooraf .......................................................................................................................... IV DEEL I: INLEIDING EN METHODOLOGIE .................................................................... 1 1.1. Situering van het fenomeen NPS 1 1.2. Probleemstelling 3 1.3. Opzet 4 1.3.1. Doelstelling 4 1.3.2. Onderzoeksvragen 6 1.4. Methodologie 7 1.4.1. Literatuurstudie 7 1.4.2. Kwalitatief luik 10 DEEL II: NEW PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES........................................................... 17 2.1. Definitie 17 2.2. Categorisering en verschillende soorten NPS 19 2.2.1. Stoffen die niet (meer) toebehoren tot de categorie NPS 19 2.2.2. Stoffen die wel toebehoren tot de categorie NPS 22 2.3. Beleidsmatig en wettelijk kader 35 2.3.1. Internationaal niveau: de Verenigde Naties 35 2.3.2. Regionaal niveau: de Europese Unie 38 2.3.3. Nationaal niveau: het wettelijk en beleidsmatig kader in België 41 DEEL III: DE HANDEL VAN NPS VIA ONLINE DRUGSMARKTEN ........................ 47 3.1. Clearnetmarkets 47 3.2. Darknetmarkets of Cryptomarkets 48 3.3. NPS op online drugsmarkten 51 3.3.1. De handel van NPS op het clearnet 51 3.3.2. De handel van NPS op het darknet 56 I DEEL IV: HET GEBRUIK VAN NPS EN DE NPS-GEBRUIKER ................................. 58 4.1. Het gebruik van NPS in de literatuur 59 4.1.1. De prevalentie van het NPS-gebruik 59 4.1.2. -
Proprietary Name Review(S)
CENTER FOR DRUG EVALUATION AND RESEARCH APPLICATION NUMBER: 22-562 PROPRIETARY NAME REVIEW(S) Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology Date: February 24, 2010 Donna Griebel, MD To: Director, Division of Gastroenterology Products Denise Toyer, Pharm.D., Deputy Director Through: Carol Holquist, R.Ph., Director Division of Medication Error Prevention and Analysis Zachary Oleszczuk, PharmD, Acting Team Leader From: Division of Medication Error Prevention and Analysis Subject: Proprietary Name Review Carbaglu (Carglumic Acid) Tablets Drug Name(s): 200 mg Application Type/Number: NDA 022562 Applicant: Orphan Europe, SARL OSE RCM #: 2009-2140 CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................... 3 2 METHODS.................................................................................................................................................... 3 3 RESULTS...................................................................................................................................................... 3 4 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS........................................................................................ 3 5 REFERENCES.............................................................................................................................................. 3 2 1 INTRODUCTION This -
Comparative Efficacy and Acceptability of Pharmacological Treatments for Insomnia in Adults: a Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis (Protocol)
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Comparative efficacy and acceptability of pharmacological treatments for insomnia in adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis (Protocol) De Crescenzo F, Foti F, Ciabattini M, Del Giovane C, Watanabe N, Sañé Schepisi M, Quested DJ, Cipriani A, Barbui C, Amato L De Crescenzo F, Foti F, Ciabattini M, Del Giovane C, Watanabe N, Sañé Schepisi M, Quested DJ, Cipriani A, Barbui C, Amato L. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of pharmacological treatments for insomnia in adults: a systematic review and network meta-anal- ysis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2016, Issue 9. Art. No.: CD012364. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD012364. www.cochranelibrary.com Comparative efficacy and acceptability of pharmacological treatments for insomnia in adults: a systematic review and network meta- analysis (Protocol) Copyright © 2016 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. TABLE OF CONTENTS HEADER....................................... 1 ABSTRACT ...................................... 1 BACKGROUND .................................... 1 OBJECTIVES ..................................... 4 METHODS ...................................... 4 Figure1. ..................................... 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . 9 REFERENCES ..................................... 10 APPENDICES ..................................... 14 WHAT’SNEW..................................... 18 CONTRIBUTIONSOFAUTHORS . 18 DECLARATIONSOFINTEREST . 18 Comparative efficacy and acceptability of pharmacological treatments for -
Partial Agreement in the Social and Public Health Field
COUNCIL OF EUROPE COMMITTEE OF MINISTERS (PARTIAL AGREEMENT IN THE SOCIAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH FIELD) RESOLUTION AP (88) 2 ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF MEDICINES WHICH ARE OBTAINABLE ONLY ON MEDICAL PRESCRIPTION (Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 22 September 1988 at the 419th meeting of the Ministers' Deputies, and superseding Resolution AP (82) 2) AND APPENDIX I Alphabetical list of medicines adopted by the Public Health Committee (Partial Agreement) updated to 1 July 1988 APPENDIX II Pharmaco-therapeutic classification of medicines appearing in the alphabetical list in Appendix I updated to 1 July 1988 RESOLUTION AP (88) 2 ON THE CLASSIFICATION OF MEDICINES WHICH ARE OBTAINABLE ONLY ON MEDICAL PRESCRIPTION (superseding Resolution AP (82) 2) (Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 22 September 1988 at the 419th meeting of the Ministers' Deputies) The Representatives on the Committee of Ministers of Belgium, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, these states being parties to the Partial Agreement in the social and public health field, and the Representatives of Austria, Denmark, Ireland, Spain and Switzerland, states which have participated in the public health activities carried out within the above-mentioned Partial Agreement since 1 October 1974, 2 April 1968, 23 September 1969, 21 April 1988 and 5 May 1964, respectively, Considering that the aim of the Council of Europe is to achieve greater unity between its members and that this -
MW S Rationales Files/Brain Rationale.Pdf
A RATIONALE FOR THE BRAIN A RATIONALE FOR the BRAIN Assoc. Prof. Warwick Carter MB.BS; FRACGP; FAMA A guide to the diagnosis of diseases that may cause neurological symptoms. 1 A RATIONALE FOR THE BRAIN CONTENTS Introduction SECTION ONE Headache Diagnostic Chart A chart that leads the user through the headache symptoms to possible diagnoses. SECTION TWO Diagnostic Algorithm for Neurological Symptoms Symptoms involving the brain and the conditions that may be responsible SECTION THREE Neurological Conditions The symptoms, signs, investigation and treatment of medical conditions that may cause neurological symptoms. Appendices Mini-Mental Test Glasgow Coma Scale 2 A RATIONALE FOR THE BRAIN INTRODUCTION This book is designed for both the medical student and the doctor who is not a specialist in neurology. It will take the user through a logical rationale in order to diagnose, and then treat, virtually every neurological condition likely to be encountered outside a specialist practice. There are two ways to reach a diagnosis, using the chart in Section One, or the Diagnostic Algorithms in Section Two. In Section One, the chart will guide the user through headcahe symptoms to a selection of possible diagnoses. In Section Two the algorithms will indicate the diagnoses possible with a variety of neurological presenting symptoms. Once a diagnosis has, or number of differential diagnoses have been made, a detailed explanation of the various diagnoses can be found in the largest part of the book, Section Three. This has been written in a style that should be easy to understand by even junior medical students, with technical terms explained in each monograph, but should still be useful to the non-specialist doctor. -
Pharmacological and Ionic Characterizations of the Muscarinic Receptors Modulating [3H]Acetylcholine Release from Rat Cortical Synaptosomes’
0270.6474/85/0505-1202$02.00/O The Journal of Neuroscience CopyrIght 0 Society for Neuroscrence Vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 1202-1207 Printed in U.S.A. May 1985 Pharmacological and Ionic Characterizations of the Muscarinic Receptors Modulating [3H]Acetylcholine Release from Rat Cortical Synaptosomes’ EDWIN M. MEYER* AND DEBORAH H. OTERO Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610 Abstract brain (Gonzales and Crews, 1984). M,-receptors, however, appear pre- and postsynaptically in brain, are regulated by an intrinsic The muscarinic receptors that modulate acetylcholine membrane protein that binds to GTP (g-protein), and may not be release from rat cortical synaptosomes were characterized coupled to changes in phosphatidylinositol turnover. with respect to sensitivity to drugs that act selectively at M, The present studies were designed to determine whether M,- or or Ma receptor subtypes, as well as to changes in ionic Mp-receptors mediate the presynaptic modulation of ACh release. strength and membrane potential. The modulatory receptors These studies involve dose-response curves for the release of appear to be of the M2 type, since they are activated by synaptosomal [3H]ACh in the presence of selected muscarinic ago- carbachol, acetylcholine, methacholine, oxotremorine, and nists and antagonists, as well as treatments that selectively alter MI- bethanechol, but not by pilocarpine, and are blocked by or M,-receptor activity. Our results indicate that the presynaptic atropine, scopolamine, and gallamine (at high concentra- modulation of [3H]ACh release is mediated by MP- but not MI- tions), but not by pirenzepine or dicyclomine.