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Guidance for Digital Preservation Workflows Authors: Kevin Bolton, Jan Whalen and Rachel Bolton (Kevinjbolton Ltd)

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Guidance for Digital Preservation Workflows Authors: Kevin Bolton, Jan Whalen and Rachel Bolton (Kevinjbolton Ltd) Guidance for Digital Preservation Workflows Authors: Kevin Bolton, Jan Whalen and Rachel Bolton (Kevinjbolton Ltd) This publication is licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0 except where otherwise stated. To view this licence, visit http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/ Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to: [email protected]. 1 Introduction The guidance was commissioned by the Archive Sector Development department (ASD) of The National Archives (TNA). It aims to support archives in the United Kingdom to move into active digital preservation work by providing those who work with archives: Practical examples of workflows for managing born digital content, that you can change and use in your own organisation. Actions for how to process and preserve born digital content, including using free software. In this guidance, a workflow is a number of connected steps that need to be followed from start to finish in order to complete a process. You do not need a significant level of digital preservation knowledge in order to follow the guidance. Certain terminology is explained in the glossary. In the guidance we refer to “digital content” or “content” – this is what we hope to preserve. Digital preservation literature often calls this “digital objects”. The guidance will show you which steps are “Essential” and you may prefer to follow these steps only. It is better to do something, rather than nothing! We are not promoting a ‘one size fits all’ approach and expect archives to use and adapt the guidance depending on the needs of their organisation. Each step includes links to software, online training and further guidance such as links to documentation, blogs and videos. You can also find templates in Appendix B that which can be presented to your IT departments to make a case for installation of some of the key pieces of software. The guidance is arranged in four sections covering the following workflows: 1. Select and transfer 2. Ingest 3. Preserve 4. Access 2 The following table summarises the software you may require to carry out these workflows. Beginner Intermediate Advanced Anti-virus software. Same as beginner + : Same as intermediate + : Copying software such as Teracopy, Data Disk imaging software such as FTK Imager Packaging software such as Bagger or Accessioner or Robocopy (a Windows Lite or BitCurator. Exactly. command) for transferring or moving Encryption software such as VeraCrypt or Validation software such as JHOVE, content. Bitlocker. Jpylyzer, veraPDF and MediaConch. Software such as DROID, to identify and Software such as Quick View Plus and VLC Software to help with analysis such as list your content. for viewing or playing content. Freud and HxD Hex Editor. Software such as DROID or AVP Fixity De-duplication software such as CSV Software such as Bulk Extractor that can to create checksum Validator with the deduplication schema help identify sensitive information. and TreeSize Free. Software such as CSV Validator with an Redaction software for carrying out integrity schema or AVP Fixity to carry redaction of sensitive information. out integrity checks. Software for migrating and converting file formats such as FFmpeg, ImageMagick, Ghostscript, MIXED, LibreOffice and Apache Open Office. ePADD for working with email archives. 3 1. Select and transfer This workflow describes the process of selecting the content and obtaining it from the depositor. Summary 1.1 Set up 1.2 Select and 1.5 Create equipment appraise 1.3 Virus check 1.4 Transfer checksums Essential Essential Essential Essential Essential 4 1.1 Set up equipment Essential Set up a dedicated PC to connect to any storage media holding the digital content. Ideally, only connect it your organisation’s systems / internet to perform essential updates to systems. You will need equipment to read various types of media you will work with. For example: 1 o Readers for DVDs / CDs and floppy disks (particularly 3.5”, 5 /4” and 3”). You may wish to look at Kryoflux if you want to read floppy disks. o Zip drives, tape drives and a caddy for internal hard drives. o See Appendix C for photographs. You can use write blockers to prevent changes to the content – especially when using hard drives or floppy disks. The type needed will depend on the media you want to read. You may receive content internally or by email / the internet and will require a PC with access to your organisation’s systems / internet. Alternatively, use an external hard drive for transfer. You may also wish to look at using encryption software (see below) on the hard drive of the PC and external hard drives, especially if you work with sensitive content. Encryption software Further guidance VeraCrypt Building a digital curation workstation with Bitlocker Bitcurator (blog by Porter Olsen) What's Your Set-up?: Curation on a Shoestring (blog by Rachel MacGregor) Digital Preservation Lab: Equipment (blog by University of Michigan Library) Outfitting a Born-Digital Archives Program (blog by Ben Goldman) Forensic Workstation pt3 (blog by Hull University Archives on write blockers) Archivists Guide to Kryoflux 5 1.2 Select and appraise Essential Your organisation’s collection policy should determine selection - the Digital Preservation Coalition Handbook gives a good overview of the key things to consider. Ensure that any information from the depositor about Intellectual Property Rights and access restrictions is captured at this stage. You could ask the depositor to create a list of the content that is being transferred (they could use the software below to do this). At this stage you may wish to carry out appraisal of the content (although this can be done at a later stage - see step 2.5). The Paradigm project offers a good summary of the issues around digital appraisal. Create an accession number which will be later used in step 2 (Ingest). Create a folder on the PC (e.g. using the accession number for the folder title). You may wish to create subfolders – one for the content (e.g. called “content”) and one for any documentation about the content (e.g. called “metadata”). Software Further guidance Karen’s Printer or DROID (a depositor could Sample transfer lists (Paradigm project) use these tools to make a list of their Paradigm Project – Appraisal and Disposal content) DPC Handbook: Acquisition and Appraisal Windows Command Prompt (a depositor University of Hull Idiot Guide No. 4: Karen’s could also use this to create directory Directory Printer listings) Practical Digital Preservation: In-House Solutions to Digital Preservation for Small Institutions (includes a section on creating folders/directories) 6 1.3 Virus check Essential Place the media into the appropriate reader or port (remember to use a write blocker). If possible, scan the content for viruses using anti-virus software on the media before transferring them (see step 1.5). Remove any infected content and decide on action e.g. repair or contact the depositor for clean copies. You could leave (quarantine) the content on your PC for 30 days and then re-scan them for viruses before proceeding to step 2 (Ingest). Alternatively if you virus check with two different types of anti- virus software to reduce the risk of missing any viruses. Following the quarantine period you may wish to check the checksums created at step 1.4. Keep a record of what virus checks you have undertaken (e.g. save any report the software generates in the “metadata folder”). Software Further guidance Use the anti-virus software your organisation Dealing with computer viruses in digital subscribes to or use free anti-virus software such collections (British Library blog) as ClamAV or AVG Do not try this at home (blog by Rachel MacGregor on the practical elements of quarantine) 7 1.4 Transfer Essential Transfer the digital content from the media to the “content” folder on the PC using copying software (see below). This software helps ensure important information such as dates are not changed. Some software will also check identical complete copies were made. Some archives ask the depositor to use software such as Bagger or Exactly to transfer content over the internet or on a portable storage device. Disk imaging is an alternative to copying the content. Software, such as FTK Imager Lite, can create an exact copy of the contents of the media, including original metadata. Copying software Further guidance Teracopy (copies content and checks Teracopy User Manual complete identical copies were made) Data Accessioner (video) Data Accessioner (for migrating content Running the robocopy command (Canadian Heritage between media and also creating and Information Network) checking checksums) University of Hull Idiot Guide No. 3: FTK Imager Robocopy command line (for copying) BitCurator Quick Start Guide and other documentation Disk imaging software Bagit: Transferring Content (video) FTK Imager Lite Bagger Tutorial (State Archives of Carolina videos) BitCurator (includes disk imaging tools) Content transfer software Digital Content Transfer (Library of Congress) Bagger Guidance for Donors and Depositors Using Bagger Exactly (Gloucestershire Archives) AVP’s Exactly Tool Webinar Recording (video) 8 1.5 Create checksums Essential If you or the depositor created checksums before the transfer then they should be checked afterwards to ensure they remained the same. If not, use software (see below) to create checksums and if possible save
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