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Elementary Explanation of the Inexistence of Decoherence at Zero
Elementary explanation of the inexistence of decoherence at zero temperature for systems with purely elastic scattering Yoseph Imry Dept. of Condensed-Matter Physics, the Weizmann Institute of science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (Dated: October 31, 2018) This note has no new results and is therefore not intended to be submitted to a ”research” journal in the foreseeable future, but to be available to the numerous individuals who are interested in this issue. Several of those have approached the author for his opinion, which is summarized here in a hopefully pedagogical manner, for convenience. It is demonstrated, using essentially only energy conservation and elementary quantum mechanics, that true decoherence by a normal environment approaching the zero-temperature limit is impossible for a test particle which can not give or lose energy. Prime examples are: Bragg scattering, the M¨ossbauer effect and related phenomena at zero temperature, as well as quantum corrections for the transport of conduction electrons in solids. The last example is valid within the scattering formulation for the transport. Similar statements apply also to interference properties in equilibrium. PACS numbers: 73.23.Hk, 73.20.Dx ,72.15.Qm, 73.21.La I. INTRODUCTION cally in the case of the coupling of a conduction-electron in a solid to lattice vibrations (phonons) 14 years ago [5] and immediately refuted vigorously [6]. Interest in this What diminishes the interference of, say, two waves problem has resurfaced due to experiments by Mohanty (see Eq. 1 below) is an interesting fundamental ques- et al [7] which determine the dephasing rate of conduc- tion, some aspects of which are, surprisingly, still being tion electrons by weak-localization magnetoconductance debated. -
Accommodating Retrocausality with Free Will Yakir Aharonov Chapman University, [email protected]
Chapman University Chapman University Digital Commons Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Science and Technology Faculty Articles and Faculty Articles and Research Research 2016 Accommodating Retrocausality with Free Will Yakir Aharonov Chapman University, [email protected] Eliahu Cohen Tel Aviv University Tomer Shushi University of Haifa Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/scs_articles Part of the Quantum Physics Commons Recommended Citation Aharonov, Y., Cohen, E., & Shushi, T. (2016). Accommodating Retrocausality with Free Will. Quanta, 5(1), 53-60. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.12743/quanta.v5i1.44 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Science and Technology Faculty Articles and Research at Chapman University Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research by an authorized administrator of Chapman University Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Accommodating Retrocausality with Free Will Comments This article was originally published in Quanta, volume 5, issue 1, in 2016. DOI: 10.12743/quanta.v5i1.44 Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. This article is available at Chapman University Digital Commons: http://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/scs_articles/334 Accommodating Retrocausality with Free Will Yakir Aharonov 1;2, Eliahu Cohen 1;3 & Tomer Shushi 4 1 School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Schmid College of Science, Chapman University, Orange, California, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 3 H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. -
Geometric Phase from Aharonov-Bohm to Pancharatnam–Berry and Beyond
Geometric phase from Aharonov-Bohm to Pancharatnam–Berry and beyond Eliahu Cohen1,2,*, Hugo Larocque1, Frédéric Bouchard1, Farshad Nejadsattari1, Yuval Gefen3, Ebrahim Karimi1,* 1Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5, Canada 2Faculty of Engineering and the Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel 3Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel *Corresponding authors: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: Whenever a quantum system undergoes a cycle governed by a slow change of parameters, it acquires a phase factor: the geometric phase. Its most common formulations are known as the Aharonov-Bohm, Pancharatnam and Berry phases, but both prior and later manifestations exist. Though traditionally attributed to the foundations of quantum mechanics, the geometric phase has been generalized and became increasingly influential in many areas from condensed-matter physics and optics to high energy and particle physics and from fluid mechanics to gravity and cosmology. Interestingly, the geometric phase also offers unique opportunities for quantum information and computation. In this Review we first introduce the Aharonov-Bohm effect as an important realization of the geometric phase. Then we discuss in detail the broader meaning, consequences and realizations of the geometric phase emphasizing the most important mathematical methods and experimental techniques used in the study of geometric phase, in particular those related to recent works in optics and condensed-matter physics. Published in Nature Reviews Physics 1, 437–449 (2019). DOI: 10.1038/s42254-019-0071-1 1. Introduction A charged quantum particle is moving through space. -
Annual Report to Industry Canada Covering The
Annual Report to Industry Canada Covering the Objectives, Activities and Finances for the period August 1, 2008 to July 31, 2009 and Statement of Objectives for Next Year and the Future Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics 31 Caroline Street North Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5 Table of Contents Pages Period A. August 1, 2008 to July 31, 2009 Objectives, Activities and Finances 2-52 Statement of Objectives, Introduction Objectives 1-12 with Related Activities and Achievements Financial Statements, Expenditures, Criteria and Investment Strategy Period B. August 1, 2009 and Beyond Statement of Objectives for Next Year and Future 53-54 1 Statement of Objectives Introduction In 2008-9, the Institute achieved many important objectives of its mandate, which is to advance pure research in specific areas of theoretical physics, and to provide high quality outreach programs that educate and inspire the Canadian public, particularly young people, about the importance of basic research, discovery and innovation. Full details are provided in the body of the report below, but it is worth highlighting several major milestones. These include: In October 2008, Prof. Neil Turok officially became Director of Perimeter Institute. Dr. Turok brings outstanding credentials both as a scientist and as a visionary leader, with the ability and ambition to position PI among the best theoretical physics research institutes in the world. Throughout the last year, Perimeter Institute‘s growing reputation and targeted recruitment activities led to an increased number of scientific visitors, and rapid growth of its research community. Chart 1. Growth of PI scientific staff and associated researchers since inception, 2001-2009. -
David Bohn, Roger Penrose, and the Search for Non-Local Causality
David Bohm, Roger Penrose, and the Search for Non-local Causality Before they met, David Bohm and Roger Penrose each puzzled over the paradox of the arrow of time. After they met, the case for projective physical space became clearer. *** A machine makes pairs (I like to think of them as shoes); one of the pair goes into storage before anyone can look at it, and the other is sent down a long, long hallway. At the end of the hallway, a physicist examines the shoe.1 If the physicist finds a left hiking boot, he expects that a right hiking boot must have been placed in the storage bin previously, and upon later examination he finds that to be the case. So far, so good. The problem begins when it is discovered that the machine can make three types of shoes: hiking boots, tennis sneakers, and women’s pumps. Now the physicist at the end of the long hallway can randomly choose one of three templates, a metal sheet with a hole in it shaped like one of the three types of shoes. The physicist rolls dice to determine which of the templates to hold up; he rolls the dice after both shoes are out of the machine, one in storage and the other having started down the long hallway. Amazingly, two out of three times, the random choice is correct, and the shoe passes through the hole in the template. There can 1 This rendition of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen, 1935, delayed-choice thought experiment is paraphrased from Bernard d’Espagnat, 1981, with modifications via P. -
2. Superoscillations.Pdf
When the Whole Vibrates Faster than Any of its Parts Computational Superoscillation Theory Nicholas Wheeler December 2017 Introduction. The phenomenon/theory of “superoscillations”—brought to my attention by my friend Ahmed Sebbar1—originated in the time-symmetric formulation of quantum mechanics2 that gave rise to the theory of “weak measurements.” Recognition of the role that superoscillations play in that work was brought into explicit focus by Aharonov et al in 1990, and since that date the concept has found application to a remarkable variety of physical subject areas. Yakir Aharonov took his PhD in 1960 from the University of Bristol, where he worked with David Bohm.3 In 1992 a conference was convened at Bristol to celebrate Aharonov’s 60th birthday. It was on that occasion that the superoscillation phenomenon came first to the attention of Michael Berry (of the Bristol faculty), who in an essay “Faster than Fourier” contributed to the proceedings of that conference4 wrote that “He [Aharonov] told me that it is possible for functions to oscillate faster than any of their Fourier components. This seemed unbelievable, even paradoxical; I had heard nothing like it before. ” Berry was inspired to write a series of papers relating to the theory of superoscillation and its potential applications, as also by now have a great many other authors. 1 Private communication, 17 November 2017. 2 Y. Aharonov, P. G. Bergmann & J. L. Libowitz, “Time symmetry in the quantum meassurement process,” Phys. Rev. B 134, 1410–1416 (1964). 3 It was, I suspect, at the invitation of E. P Gross—who had collaborated with Bohm when both were at Princeton—that Aharonov spent 1960–1961 at Brandeis University, from which I had taken the first PhD and departed to Utrecht/CERN in February of 1960, so we never met. -
Arxiv:1602.01655V2 [Cond-Mat.Mes-Hall] 25 Apr 2016 Which Is Often Smaller Than 1
(Pat. pending, to appear in Comptes Rendus) . Linear and Nonlinear Mesoscopic Thermoelectric Transport with Coupling to Heat Baths Jian-Hua Jiang1, ∗ and Yoseph Imry2, y 1School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, 1 Shizi Street, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China 2Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel (Dated: September 25, 2018) Decades of research on thermoelectrics stimulated by the fact that nano- and meso-scale ther- moelectric transport could yield higher energy conversion efficiency and output power has recently uncovered a new direction on inelastic thermoelectric effects. We introduce the history, motivation, and perspectives on mesoscopic inelastic thermoelectric effects. I. INTRODUCTION found lately to be less effective as, for example, the out- put power is suppressed in the zero band width limit[3] Research on the science and technology of thermo- due to, e,g., suppressed electrical conductivity[4]. electric phenomenon has a long history since its dis- Alongside with those developments, the scientific com- covery almost two centuries ago[1]. The modern the- munity was pursuing a better understanding of (charge) ory for thermoelectric transport in bulk semiconductors transport in nano- and meso-scale systems, localization was established, with the help of energy band theory and phenomena, and strongly interacting electron systems. semi-classical transport theory, in the middle of the last These studies activated research on thermoelectric trans- century[1]. The key concepts such as the figure of merit port in non-standard (including bulk) semiconductors, and the power factor were introduced then, which facili- which is still ongoing[5]. The most influential studies are tated and stimulated many theoretical and experimental based on two seminal works by Hicks and Dresselhaus[6], studies. -
Invitation to Quantum Mechanics
i Invitation to Quantum Mechanics Daniel F. Styer ii Invitation to Quantum Mechanics Daniel F. Styer Schiffer Professor of Physics, Oberlin College copyright c 31 May 2021 Daniel F. Styer The copyright holder grants the freedom to copy, modify, convey, adapt, and/or redistribute this work under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike 4.0 International License. A copy of that license is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode. You may freely download this book in pdf format from http://www.oberlin.edu/physics/dstyer/InvitationToQM: It is formatted to print nicely on either A4 or U.S. Letter paper. You may also purchase a printed and bound copy from World Scientific Publishing Company. In neither case does the author receive monetary gain from your download/purchase: it is reward enough for him that you want to explore quantum mechanics. Love all God's creation, the whole and every grain of sand in it. Love the stars, the trees, the thunderstorms, the atoms. The more you love, the more you will grow curious. The more you grow curious, the more you will question. The more you question, the more you will uncover. The more you uncover, the more you will love. And so at last you will come to love the entire universe with an agile and resilient love founded upon facts and understanding. | This improvisation by Dan Styer was inspired by the first sentence, which appears in Fyodor Dostoyevsky's The Brothers Karamazov. iii iv Dedicated to Linda Ong Styer, adventurer Contents Synoptic Contents 1 Welcome 3 1. -
Israel Prize
Year Winner Discipline 1953 Gedaliah Alon Jewish studies 1953 Haim Hazaz literature 1953 Ya'akov Cohen literature 1953 Dina Feitelson-Schur education 1953 Mark Dvorzhetski social science 1953 Lipman Heilprin medical science 1953 Zeev Ben-Zvi sculpture 1953 Shimshon Amitsur exact sciences 1953 Jacob Levitzki exact sciences 1954 Moshe Zvi Segal Jewish studies 1954 Schmuel Hugo Bergmann humanities 1954 David Shimoni literature 1954 Shmuel Yosef Agnon literature 1954 Arthur Biram education 1954 Gad Tedeschi jurisprudence 1954 Franz Ollendorff exact sciences 1954 Michael Zohary life sciences 1954 Shimon Fritz Bodenheimer agriculture 1955 Ödön Pártos music 1955 Ephraim Urbach Jewish studies 1955 Isaac Heinemann Jewish studies 1955 Zalman Shneur literature 1955 Yitzhak Lamdan literature 1955 Michael Fekete exact sciences 1955 Israel Reichart life sciences 1955 Yaakov Ben-Tor life sciences 1955 Akiva Vroman life sciences 1955 Benjamin Shapira medical science 1955 Sara Hestrin-Lerner medical science 1955 Netanel Hochberg agriculture 1956 Zahara Schatz painting and sculpture 1956 Naftali Herz Tur-Sinai Jewish studies 1956 Yigael Yadin Jewish studies 1956 Yehezkel Abramsky Rabbinical literature 1956 Gershon Shufman literature 1956 Miriam Yalan-Shteklis children's literature 1956 Nechama Leibowitz education 1956 Yaakov Talmon social sciences 1956 Avraham HaLevi Frankel exact sciences 1956 Manfred Aschner life sciences 1956 Haim Ernst Wertheimer medicine 1957 Hanna Rovina theatre 1957 Haim Shirman Jewish studies 1957 Yohanan Levi humanities 1957 Yaakov -
People and Things
People and things Jean-Pierre Gourber will be Leader of the Miguel Virasoro becomes Director of the CERN's new LHC Division for three years from International Centre for Theoretical Physics 1 January 1996. (ICTP), Trieste. CERN elections and appointments A t its meeting on 23 June, XI CERN's governing body, the Council, decided to create an LHC Division as from 1 January 1996. The LHC Division will focus on the core activities related to the construction of the machine, namely supercon ducting magnets, cryogenics and vacuum together with supporting activities. Jean-Pierre Gourber was appointed Leader of the new LHC Division for three years from 1 January 1996. Council also appointed Bo Angerth as Leader of Personnel Division for three years from 1 January 1996, succeeding Willem Middelkoop. Jiri Niederle (Czech Republic) was elected Vice-President of Council for one year from 1 July 1995. tion, demonstrated that the gluons of EPS Prizes the strong interactions were a physi cal reality. The prestigious High Energy and The existence of such three-jet Particle Physics Prize of the Euro events in electron-positron collisions pean Physical Society for 1995 goes had been predicted in a pioneer to Paul Soding, Bjorn Wiik and ICTP Trieste Director CERN Theory Division paper by John Gunter Wolf of DESY and Sau Lan Ellis, Mary K. Gaillard and Graham Distinguished theorist Miguel Wu of Wisconsin for their milestone Ross. work in providing 'first evidence for Virasoro becomes Director of the There has always been keen rivalry three-jet events in electron-positron International Centre for Theoretical between the four 1979 PETRA colla collisions at PETRA' (DESY's elec Physics (ICTP), Trieste, succeeding borations - JADE, MARK-J, PLUTO tron-positron collider). -
Fundamental Problems in Quantum Theory: a Conference Held in Honor of Professor John A
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Volume 755 April 7, 1995 FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS IN QUANTUM THEORY: A CONFERENCE HELD IN HONOR OF PROFESSOR JOHN A. WHEELERa Editors DANIEL M. GREENBERGER and ANTON ZEILINGER Conference Organizer DANIEL M.GREENBERGER Conference Organizing Committee YANHUASHIH and CARROLL ALLEY Scientific Advisory Committee YAKIRAHARONOV,MICHAELBERRY,CLAUDECOHEN-TANNOUDJI, DANIELM.GREENBERGER,DAVIDKLYSHKO,ANTHONYLEGGETT, LEONARDMANDEL,N.DAVIDMERMIN,J~~RGENMLYNEK,MIKION~IKI, HELMUTRAUCH,MARLANSCULLY,ABNERSHIMONY,AKIRATONOMURA, HERBERTWALTHER,RICHARDWEBB,S~UELWERNER,CHEN-NINGYANG, and ANTON~EILINGER CONTENTS . Preface. By DANIEL M. GREENBERGER . xl11 Part I. Multiphoton Processes and Downconversion Two-Photon Downconversion Experiments. By L. MANDEL . ..‘....................... 1 Quantum Optics: Quantum, Classical, and Metaphysical Aspects. By D. N. KLYSHKO . 13 Second-Order Photon-Photon Correlations and Atomic Spectroscopy. By ULRICH W.RATHE,MARLAN 0. SCULLY, and SUSANNE F.YELIN.............. 28 EPR and Two-Photon Interference Experiments Using Type-II Parametric Downconversion. BY.H.SHIH,A.V.SERGIENKO, T.B. PITTMAN, and M. H. RUBIN . 40 Frustrated Downconversion: Virtual or Real Photons? By H. WEINFURTER, T.HERzo G,P.G.KwIAT,J.G.RARI~, A.ZEILINGER,and M. ZUKOWSKI........ 61 ‘This volume is the result of a conference entitled Fundamental Problems in Quantum Theory: A Conference Held in Honor of Professor John A. Wheeler, which was sponsored by the New York Academy of Sciences and held on June 18-22,1994, in Baltimore, Maryland. Part II. Quantum Optics and Micromasers Atoms and Photons in High-Q Cavities: New Tests of Quantum Theory. By SERGE HAROCHE . 73 Quantum Measurement in Quantum Optics. By H. J. KIMBLE, 0. CARNAL, Z.HU,H.MABUCHI,E.S.POLZIK,R.J.THOMPSON, and Q.A.TURCHETTE . -
Author Index to Volumes 68–72, 1996–2000
AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUMES 68–72, 1996–2000 A Balbus, Steven A. — Instability, turbulence, and enhanced transport in accretion disks. — Steven A. Balbus and Abney, Mark — see Lidsey, James E., 69 ͑2͒, 373-410 ͑1997͒. John F. Hawley; 70 ͑1͒, 1-53 ͑1998͒. Abramowicz, Halina — HERA collider physics. — Baldwin, George C. — Recoilless gamma-ray lasers. — George Halina Abramowicz and Allen C. Caldwell; 71 ͑5͒, C. Baldwin and Johndale C. Solem; 69 ͑4͒, 1275-409 ͑1999͒. 1085-117 ͑1997͒. Acharyya, Muktish — see Chakrabarti, Bikas K., 71 ͑3͒, Banavar, Jayanth R. — see Marsili, Matteo, 68 ͑4͒, 847-59 ͑1999͒. 963-83 ͑1996͒. Adams, Fred C. — A dying universe: the long-term fate and Bankoff, S. George — see Oron, Alexander, 69 ͑3͒, evolution of astrophysical objects. — Fred C. Adams 931-80 ͑1997͒. and Gregory Laughlin; 69 ͑2͒, 337-72 ͑1997͒. Barnes, Charles A. — see Wallerstein, George, 69 ͑4͒, Adelberger, Eric G. — Solar fusion cross sections. — Eric G. 995-1084 ͑1997͒. Adelberger, Sam M. Austin, John N. Bahcall, A. B. Barnett, R. M. — Particle physics summary. — R. M. Barnett, Balantekin, Gilles Bogaert, Lowell S. Brown, Lothar C. D. Carone, D. E. Groom, T. G. Trippe, C. G. Wohl, B. Buchmann, F. Edward Cecil, Arthur E. Champagne, Ludwig de Armstrong, P. S. Gee, G. S. Wagman, F. James, M. Mangano, Braeckeleer, Charles A. Duba, Steven R. Elliott, Stuart J. K. Mo¨nig, L. Montanet, J. L. Feng, H. Murayama, J. J. Freedman, Moshe Gai, G. Goldring, Christopher R. Gould, Herna´ndez, A. Manohar, M. Aguilar-Benitez, C. Caso, R. L. Andrei Gruzinov, Wick C. Haxton, Karsten M.