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Recueil Des Résultats Majeurs BREEDWHEAT 2011

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Recueil Des Résultats Majeurs BREEDWHEAT 2011 BREEDWHEAT 2011 - 2020 Recueil des résultats majeurs Introduction SOMMAIRE Participation au séquençage du blé tendre 1 et développement d’outils moléculaires 2 Mieux caractériser les ressources génétiques Développer des modèles écophysiologiques 3 et des méthodes de phénotypage pour comprendre le fonctionnement du blé Quantifier la tolérance aux contraintes biotiques 4 et abiotiques pour le rendement Comprendre la synthèse des protéines de réserve 5 pour améliorer la qualité du grain Des nouvelles méthodes de sélection basées sur 6 du génotypage et du phénotypage haut-débit 7 Bien gérer et exploiter les données du projet INTRODUCTION Nous sommes maintenant en décembre 2020, et le projet BreedWheat se termine. Ce recueil synthétise les nombreuses avancées obtenues dans différents domaines tout au long de ces neuf années. Nous reprendrons seulement en introduction les objectifs fixés lors de l’écriture du projet en 2010 pour répondre collectivement aux enjeux du changement global et notamment du changement climatique. « Les études réalisées dans le cadre de BREEDWHEAT et soutenues par des capacités de phénotypage et de génotypage à haut débit permettront (i) de combiner des analyses génétiques, génomiques et écophysiologiques avec un phénotypage et un génotypage à haut débit pour réaliser des études d’association et identifier des marqueurs et des gènes candidats pour les caractères de rendement et de qualité en cas de stress abiotique et biotique, et (ii) de développer des outils, des méthodes et du matériel végétal innovants pour optimiser l’utilisation des ressources génétiques et sélectionner de nouvelles variétés de blé de qualité, de durabilité et de productivité améliorées. BreedWheat renforcera également le leadership français dans l’effort international actuellement en cours pour obtenir une séquence de référence du génome du blé panifiable au sein de l’IWGSC et permettra à nos scientifiques d’exploiter cette séquence rapidement et efficacement pour accroître la caractérisation et l’utilisation de la diversité génétique ainsi que pour étendre le bénéfice des études de génomique comparative. » La diversité et l’originalité des outils et résultats générés par BreedWheat montre que ces objectifs ont été pleinement atteints. Parmi toutes les productions obtenues dans le cadre de BreedWheat, notamment les 50 articles scientifiques publiés à ce jour, les supports suivants ont été sélectionnés pour illustrer les avancées majeures. Ils constituent un recueil fondamental, un « héritage » destiné aux publics internes du projet et aux scientifiques. Celui-ci sera décliné et vulgarisé pour les autres multiples publics. Pour faciliter la lecture de ce recueil, nous avons structuré le document en sept rubriques mais de nombreux ponts existent entre les différentes parties. INTRODUCTION We are now in December 2020, and the BreedWheat project is coming to an end. This collection synthesizes the many advances obtained in different fields throughout these nine years. We will only resume in introduction the objectives set during the writing process of the project in 2010 to respond collectively to the challenges of global change and in particular climate change. « Studies performed in BreedWheat and supported by high throughput phenotyping and genotyping capabilities will (i) combine genetic, genomic, and ecophysiology analyses with high throughput phenotyping and genotyping to perform association studies and identify markers and candidate genes for yield and quality traits under abiotic and biotic stress, and ii) develop innovative tools, methods, and plant material to optimize the utilization of genetic resources and breed for new wheat varieties with improved quality, sustainability, and productivity. BreedWheat will also strengthen French leadership in the international effort currently underway to obtain a bread wheat genome reference sequence within the IWGSC and position our scientists to exploit the sequence rapidly and efficiently to increase the characterization and use of genetic diversity as well as to extend the benefit of comparative genomics studies. » The diversity and originality of the tools and results generated by BreedWheat shows that these objectives have been fully achieved. Among all productions obtained within the framework of BreedWheat, in particular the 50 scientific articles published to date, the following materials have been selected to illustrate the major advances. They constitute a fundamental collection, a «legacy» intended for the project’s internal audiences and scientists. It will be disseminated and popularized for other multiple audiences. To facilitate the reading of this collection, we have structured the document in seven sections, but many bridges exist between the different parts. Pour en savoir plus Version externe : Vous pouvez consulter l’intégralité des documents présents à l’aide du lien qui les accompagne et consulter le site internet www.breedwheat.fr Version interne : Vous pouvez de plus avoir accès à la liste complète des documents présents en allant sur l’espace privatif du projet BreedWheat : www.sites.inra.fr/site/breedwheat Le groupe de communication BreedWheat Page 4 DOSSIER P�������� « I�������������� �’������ � P����� B����W���� DES VARIÉTÉS DE BLÉ TENDRE pour aujourd’hui et demain Étienne Paux - [email protected] ♦ Jérémy Derory - [email protected] Stéphane Lafarge - [email protected] ♦ Gilles Charmet - [email protected] ♦ Jacques Le Gouis - [email protected] avec la contribution de Marion Bondoux, Jean-Pierre Cohan, Michael Alaux, Geoffrey Perchet et le consortium BreedWheat BreedWheat est un projet collaboratif dont l’objectif est de développer des outils innovants pour sélectionner et caractériser des variétés de blés adaptées aux contraintes conjecturelles actuelles et futures. Voici une revue de neuf ans d’accomplissements. Le séquençage du génome du blé tendre a nécessité un effort international de plus de treize ans. végétal du ARVALIS-Institut Moquet- M. © Septembre 2020 - N°480 �� ������������ ��������� Page 5 � Participation au séquençage du blé tendre 1 et développement d’outils moléculaires Page 7 Shifting the limits in wheat research and breeding using a fully annotated reference genome International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC) - Science, 2018 Page 8 Linking the international wheat genome sequencing consortium bread wheat reference genome sequence to wheat genetic and phenomic data Michael Alaux, Jane Rogers, Thomas Letellier, Raphaël Flores, Françoise Alfama, Cyril Pommier, Nacer Mohellibi, Sophie Durand, Erik Kimmel, Célia Michotey, Claire Guerche, Mikaël Loaec, Mathilde Lainé, Delphine Steinbach, Frédéric Choulet, Hélène Rimbert, Philippe Leroy, Nicolas Guilhot, Jérôme Salse, Catherine Feuillet, International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium, Etienne Paux, Kellye Eversole, Anne-Françoise Adam-Blondon and Hadi Quesneville - Genome Biology, 2018 Page 9 Séquençage du génome du blé : un grand pas pour la science, un petit pas pour l’agriculture Etienne Paux - Rencontre filière semences céréales & protéagineux (Paris) - 2019 Page 10 High throughput SNP discovery and genotyping in hexaploid wheat Hélène Rimbert, Benoit Darrier, Julien Navarro, Jonathan Kitt, Frederic Choulet, Magalie Leveugle, Jorge Duarte, Nathalie Rivière, Kellye Eversole On Behalf Of The International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium, Jacques Le Gouis On Behalf The Breedwheat Consortium, Alessandro Davassi, Francois Balfourier, Marie-Christine Le Paslier, Aurelie Berard, Dominique Brunel, Catherine Feuillet, Charles Poncet, Pierre Sourdille, Etienne Paux - Plosone, 2018 RESEARCH ◥ as the human genome, polyploid, and complex, RESEARCH ARTICLE SUMMARY containing more than 85% repetitive DNA. To provide a foundation for improvement through molecular breeding, in 2005, the International WHEAT GENOME Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium set out to deliver a high-quality annotated reference Shifting the limits in wheat research genome sequence of bread wheat. RESULTS: An annotated reference sequence and breeding using a fully annotated representing the hexaploid bread wheat ge- nome in the form of 21 chromosome-like se- quence assemblies has now been delivered, reference genome giving access to 107,891 high-confidence genes, including their genomic context of regulatory International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC)* sequences. This assembly enabled the discovery of tissue- and developmental stage–related gene INTRODUCTION: Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) wheat biology and the molecular basis of cen- coexpression networks using a transcriptome is the most widely cultivated crop on Earth, tral agronomic traits. To meet the demands of atlas representing all stages of wheat develop- contributing about a fifth of the total calories human population growth, there is an urgent ment. The dynamics of change in complex gene consumed by humans. Consequently, wheat need for wheat research and breeding to ac- ◥ families involved in environ- Downloaded from yields and production affect the global econ- celerate genetic gain as well as to increase and ON OUR WEBSITE mental adaptation and end- omy, and failed harvests can lead to social protect wheat yield and quality traits. In other Read the full article use quality were revealed at unrest. Breeders continuously strive to develop plant and animal species, access to a fully an- at http://dx.doi. subgenome resolution and improved varieties by fine-tuning genetically notated and ordered genome sequence,
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