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Scientific Research and Essays Volume 9 Number 22 30 November 2014 ISSN 1992-2248 ABOUT SRE The Scientific Research and Essays (SRE) is published twice monthly (one volume per year) by Academic Journals. Scientific Research and Essays (SRE) is an open access journal with the objective of publishing quality research articles in science, medicine, agriculture and engineering such as Nanotechnology, Climate Change and Global Warming, Air Pollution Management and Electronics etc. All papers published by SRE are blind peer reviewed. Submission of Manuscript Submit manuscripts as e-mail attachment to the Editorial Office at: [email protected]. A manuscript number will be mailed to the corresponding author shortly after submission. The Scientific Research and Essays will only accept manuscripts submitted as e-mail attachments. Please read the Instructions for Authors before submitting your manuscript. The manuscript files should be given the last name of the first author. Editors Dr. NJ Tonukari Dr. John W. Gichuki Editor-in-Chief Kenya Marine & Fisheries Research Institute, Scientific Research and Essays Kenya. Academic Journals E-mail: [email protected] Dr. Wong Leong Sing Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Dr. M. Sivakumar Ph.D. (Tech). Km 7, Jalan Kajang-Puchong, Associate Professor 43009 Kajang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering Malaysia. Faculty of Engineering University of Nottingham Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih Prof. Xianyi LI Selangor Darul Ehsan College of Mathematics and Computational Science Malaysia. Shenzhen University Guangdong, 518060 P.R. China. Prof. N. Mohamed El Sawi Mahmoud Prof. Mevlut Dogan Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of science, Kocatepe University, Science Faculty, King AbdulAziz university, Physics Dept. Afyon/ Turkey. Saudia Arabia. Turkey . Prof. Ali Delice Prof. Kwai-Lin Thong Science and Mathematics Education Department, Microbiology Division, Atatürk Faculty of Education, Institute of Biological Science, Marmara University, Faculty of Science,University of Malaya, Turkey. 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Prof. Mira Grdisa Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka cesta 54, Prof. Xiaocong He Croatia. Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Prof. Emmanuel Hala Kwon-Ndung 253 Xue Fu Road, Kunming, Nasarawa State University Keffi Nigeria P.R. China. PMB 1022 Keffi, Nasarawa State. Prof. Sanjay Misra Nigeria. Department of Computer Engineering School of Information and Communication Technology Dr. Cyrus Azimi Federal University of Technology, Minna, Department of Genetics, Cancer Research Center, Nigeria. Cancer Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Keshavarz Blvd., Prof. Burtram C. Fielding Pr.Sci.Nat. Tehran, Iran. Department of Medical BioSciences University of the Western Cape Dr. Gomez, Nidia Noemi Private Bag X17 National University of San Luis, Modderdam Road Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Bellville, 7535, Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry Ejercito de los South Africa. Andes 950 - 5700 San Luis Argentina. Prof. Naqib Ullah Khan Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics NWFP Agricultural University Peshawar 25130, Prof. M. Nageeb Rashed Pakistan Chemistry Department- Faculty of Science, Aswan South Valley University, Egypt. Editorial Board Prof. Ahmed M. Soliman Prof. V. Sundarapandian 20 Mansour Mohamed St.,Apt 51, Indian Institute of Information Technology & Management - Zamalek, Cairo, Kerala Egypt. Park Centre, Technopark, Kariavattom P.O. Prof. Juan José Kasper Zubillaga Thiruvananthapuram-695 581, Av. Universidad 1953 Ed. 13 depto 304, Kerala India. México D.F. 04340, México. Prof. Thangavelu Perianan Department of Mathematics, Aditanar College, Prof. Chau Kwok-wing Tiruchendur-628216 India. University of Queensland Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo, Prof. Yan-ze Peng Eje Central Lazaro Cardenas Department of Mathematics, Mexico D.F., Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Mexico. Wuhan 430074, P. R. China. Prof. Raj Senani Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology, Prof. Konstantinos D. Karamanos Azad Hind Fauj Marg, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Sector 3, CP 231 Centre of Nonlinear Phenomena Dwarka, New Delhi 110075, And Complex systems, India. CENOLI Boulevard de Triomphe B-1050, Prof. Robin J Law Brussels, Belgium. Cefas Burnham Laboratory, Remembrance AvenueBurnham on Crouch, Prof. Xianyi LI Essex CM0 8HA, School of Mathematics and Physics, UK. Nanhua University, Hengyang City, Hunan Province, Prof. V. Sundarapandian P. R. China. Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management-Kerala Dr. K.W. Chau Park Centre, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Technopark Campus, Kariavattom P.O., Department of Civil & Structural Engineering, Thiruvananthapuram-695 581, Kerala, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hunghom, India. Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. Prof. Tzung-Pei Hong Department of Electrical Engineering, Dr. Amadou Gaye and at the Department of Computer Science and LPAO-SF / ESP Po Box 5085 Dakar-Fann SENEGAL Information Engineering University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar National University of Kaohsiung. SENEGAL. Prof. Zulfiqar Ahmed Prof. Masno Ginting Department of Earth Sciences, box 5070, P2F-LIPI, Puspiptek-Serpong, Kfupm,dhahran - 31261, 15310 Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Saudi Arabia. Banten-Indonesia. Prof. Khalifa Saif Al-Jabri Dr. Ezekiel Olukayode Idowu Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Sultan Qaboos University Ife-Ife, P.O. Box 33, Al-Khod 123, Muscat. Nigeria. n detail. Fees and Charges: Authors are required to pay a $550 handling fee. Publication of an article in the Scientific Research and Essays is not contingent upon the author's ability to pay the charges. Neither is acceptance to pay the handling fee a guarantee that the paper will be accepted for publication. Authors may still request (in advance) that the editorial office waive some of the handling fee under special circumstances. Copyright: © 2012, Academic Journals. All rights Reserved. In accessing this journal, you agree that you will access the contents for your own personal use but not for any commercial use. Any use and or copies of this Journal in whole or in part must include the customary bibliographic citation, including author attribution, date and article title. Submission of a manuscript implies: that the work described has not been published before (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture, or thesis) that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that if and when the manuscript is accepted for publication, the authors agree to automatic transfer of the copyright to the publisher. Disclaimer of Warranties In no event shall Academic Journals be liable for any special, incidental, indirect, or consequential damages of any kind arising out of or in connection with the use of the articles or other material derived from the SRE, whether or not advised of the possibility of damage, and on any theory of liability. This publication is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement. Descriptions of, or references to, products or publications does not imply endorsement of that product or publication. While every effort is made by Academic Journals to see that no inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statements appear in this publication, they wish to make it clear that the data and opinions appearing in the articles and advertisements herein are the responsibility of the contributor or advertiser concerned. Academic Journals makes no warranty of any kind, either express or implied, regarding the quality, accuracy, availability, or validity of the data or information in this publication or of any other publication to which it may be linked. Scientific Research and Essays Table of Contents: Volume 9 Number 22 30 November, 2014 ARTICLES Research Articles Checklist of tropical algae of Togo in the Guinean Gulf of West-Africa 932 ISSIFOU Liassou, ATANLÉ Kossivi, RADJI Raoufou, LAWSON H. Latekoe, ADJONOU Kossi, EDORH M. Thérèse, KOKUTSE A. Dzifa, MENSAH A. Akossiwoa and KOKOU Kouami Design considerations for a sustainablepower energy system in Khartoum 959 Abdallah Z. M. E., M. F. M. Zain and Sopin K. Modification of the adaptive Nadaraya-Watson kernel regression estimator 966 Khulood Hamed Aljuhani and Lutfiah Ismail Al turk Effect of transplanting age on seed yield and quality in Davana (Artemisia pallens) 972 M. Jayanthi and A. Vijayakumar Vol. 9(22), pp. 932-958, 30 November, 2014 DOI: 10.5897/SRE2014.6113 Article Number: DBFDC3348776 ISSN 1992-2248 © 2014 Scientific Research and Essays Copyright©2014 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://www.academicjournals.org/SRE Full Length Research Paper Checklist of tropical algae of Togo in the Guinean Gulf of West-Africa ISSIFOU Liassou1, ATANLÉ Kossivi1, RADJI Raoufou1,2, LAWSON H. Latekoe1, ADJONOU Kossi1,2, EDORH M. Thérèse 1, KOKUTSE A. Dzifa2, MENSAH A. Akossiwoa3 and KOKOU Kouami2* 1Laboratory of Algology and Palynology, Faculty of Science, University of Lomé, P. O. Box 1515, Lomé, Togo. 2Laboratory of Botany and Plant Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Lomé, P. O. Box 1515, Lomé, Togo. 3Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty
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    CATÁLOGO DE LAS ALGAS Y CIANOPROCARIOTAS DULCIACUÍCOLAS DE CUBA. EDITORIAL Augusto Comas González UNIVERSO o S U R CATÁLOGO DE LAS ALGAS Y CIANOPROCARIOTAS DULCIACUÍCOLAS DE CUBA. 1 2 CATÁLOGO DE LAS ALGAS Y CIANOPROCARIOTAS DULCIACUÍCOLAS DE CUBA. Augusto Comas González 3 Dirección Editorial: MSc. Alberto Valdés Guada Diseño: D.I. Roberto C. Berroa Cabrera Autor: Augusto Comas González Compilación y edición científica: Augusto Comas González © Reservados todos los derechos por lo que no se permite la reproduc- ción total o parcial de este libro. Editorial UNIVERSO SUR Universidad de Cienfuegos Carretera a Rodas, Km. 4. Cuatro Caminos Cienfuegos, CUBA © ISBN: 978-959-257-228-7 4 Indice INTRODUCCIÓN 7 CYANOPROKARYOTA 9 Clase Cyanophyceae 9 Orden Chroococcales Wettstein 1923 9 Orden Oscillatoriales Elenkin 1934 15 Orden Nostocales (Borzi) Geitler 1925 19 Orden Stigonematales Geitler 1925 22 Clase Chrysophyceae 23 Orden Chromulinales 23 Orden Ochromonadales 23 Orden Prymnesiales 24 Clase Xanthophyceae (= Tribophyceae) 24 Orden Mischococcales Pascher 1913 24 Orden Tribonematales Pascher 1939 25 Orden Botrydiales 26 Orden Vaucheriales 26 Clase Dinophyceae 26 Orden Peridiniales 26 Clase Cryptophyceae 27 Orden Cryptomonadales 27 Clase Rhodophyceae Ruprecht 1851 28 Orden Porphyridiales Kylin 1937 28 Orden Compsopogonales Skuja 1939 28 Orden Nemalionales Schmitz 1892 28 Orden Hildenbrandiales Pueschel & Cole 1982) 29 Orden Ceramiales 29 Clase Glaucocystophyceae Kies et Kremer 1989 29 Clase Euglenophyceae 29 Orden Euglenales 29 Clase Bacillariophyceae 34 Orden Centrales 34 Orden Pennales 35 Clase Prasinophyceae Chadefaud 1950 50 Orden Polyblepharidales Korš. 1938 50 Orden Tetraselmidales Ettl 1983 51 Clase Chlamydophyceae Ettl 1981 51 Orden Chlamydomonadales Frtisch in G.S. West 1927 51 5 Orden Volvocales Oltmanns 1904 52 Orden Chlorococcales Marchand 1895 Orth.
  • Lateral Gene Transfer of Anion-Conducting Channelrhodopsins Between Green Algae and Giant Viruses

    Lateral Gene Transfer of Anion-Conducting Channelrhodopsins Between Green Algae and Giant Viruses

    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.15.042127; this version posted April 23, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 5 Lateral gene transfer of anion-conducting channelrhodopsins between green algae and giant viruses Andrey Rozenberg 1,5, Johannes Oppermann 2,5, Jonas Wietek 2,3, Rodrigo Gaston Fernandez Lahore 2, Ruth-Anne Sandaa 4, Gunnar Bratbak 4, Peter Hegemann 2,6, and Oded 10 Béjà 1,6 1Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel. 2Institute for Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, Berlin 10115, Germany. 3Present address: Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann 15 Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel. 4Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. 5These authors contributed equally: Andrey Rozenberg, Johannes Oppermann. 6These authors jointly supervised this work: Peter Hegemann, Oded Béjà. e-mail: [email protected] ; [email protected] 20 ABSTRACT Channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are algal light-gated ion channels widely used as optogenetic tools for manipulating neuronal activity 1,2. Four ChR families are currently known. Green algal 3–5 and cryptophyte 6 cation-conducting ChRs (CCRs), cryptophyte anion-conducting ChRs (ACRs) 7, and the MerMAID ChRs 8. Here we 25 report the discovery of a new family of phylogenetically distinct ChRs encoded by marine giant viruses and acquired from their unicellular green algal prasinophyte hosts.