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Diversity of Saurian Fauna in the Buldhana District, Maharashtra, India

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Diversity of Saurian Fauna in the Buldhana District, Maharashtra, India Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity xxx (2016) 1e6 HOSTED BY Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity journal homepage: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/japb Original article Diversity of Saurian fauna in the Buldhana district, Maharashtra, India Prasanna S. Joshi*, Vasudha T. Tantarpale Post Graduate Department of Zoology, Vidya Bharti Mahavidyalaya, Amravati, Maharashtra, India article info abstract Article history: The present report provides knowledge about the diversity of Saurian fauna in the Buldhana district of the Received 19 October 2015 Indian state of Maharashtra as a model geographic area to promote conservation management. The pre- Received in revised form sented study is based on the field work carried out in the study sites during February 2014 to January 2015. 26 February 2016 The study revealed the presence of 14 Saurian species belonging to 5 families dominated by Gekkonidae Accepted 16 March 2016 (43.05%), Scincidae (29.15%), Agamidae (21.35%), Varanidae (6.1%), and Chamaeleonidae (0.35%). The Available online xxx relative dominance of species varied with different months, apparently indicating that the Buldhana district has a healthy environmental and demographic setup that accommodates rich Saurian diversity. Keywords: Ó Buldhana Copyright 2016, National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA). India Production and hosting by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http:// Maharashtra creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Saurian fauna Introduction greater variations than any other group of reptiles (Smith 1935). Lizards are members of the suborder Sauria which is one of the two The biological diversity of the earth and its origins has long been suborders of the order Squamata (Class: Reptilia). They are poiki- a source of amazement and curiosity (Tantarpale 2015). The study lothermous, insectivorous, and oviparous to ovoviviparous of biological diversity encompasses both the intrinsic and anthro- (Matthew 2007). Presently, lizards are one of the most diversified pocentric values associated with it. The values of the biological groups of vertebrates that have ever lived on earth over the past elements are recognized in correspondence to the perceived 250 million years. Over 5,000 species of lizards have lived on earth, importance by the human being, which is realized in terms of the inhabiting a variety of habitats ranging from the highest moun- ecosystem services (Daily 1997; Baumgartner 2007). Biological di- tainous peak to the low-lying terrestrial and aquatic habitats versity is the base for upholding the ecosystems and the functional (Lalrinchhana et al 2015). South Asia, including the Indian sub- aspects of the species that provide goods and services for human continent, is the home for herpetological diversities in the tropical well-being. Monitoring of species diversity of a region enables region with India harboring 228 Saurian species in different bio- estimation of the prospective functional roles of the species. In any physical zones (Venugopal 2010). ecosystems, monitoring species diversity can be used as a tool to In this context, the conservation of lizards is necessary to sustain reduce human mismanagement and pollution in urbanized, in- varied kinds of ecosystem services for human well-being. In view of dustrial, rural, and other managed areas (Wilson 1997). Extending the essential ecosystem services rendered by lizards and to pro- this view, studies on species diversity in any ecosystems are mote conservation management, the present study was aimed at necessary to understand the effect of anthropocentric development the estimation of the saurian diversity in the Buldhana District, on the integrity and sustenance of an ecosystem. Maharashtra, India. The results of the study are expected to sup- The diversity of reptiles has been emphasized in many studies plement the necessary information on the conservation manage- owing to their dominance in the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems ment and enhance the ecological roles of the saurian species in the and provision of ecosystem services such as pest control and Buldhana District and similar geographical regions. ecological maintenance (Joshi 2014). Among reptiles, saurian fauna is a diverse group that changes from the primitive to the special- ized, phylogenetically, and their structural modifications exhibit Materials and methods Study area * Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (P.S. Joshi). fi Peer review under responsibility of National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and The Buldhana district (Figure 1) is one of the most diversi ed Korea National Arboretum (KNA). regions in Maharashtra State of India, with respect to biodiversity. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2016.03.012 pISSN2287-884X eISSN2287-9544/Copyright Ó 2016, National Science Museum of Korea (NSMK) and Korea National Arboretum (KNA). Production and hosting by Elsevier. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Please cite this article in press as: Joshi PS, Tantarpale VT, Diversity of Saurian fauna in the Buldhana district, Maharashtra, India, Journal of Asia- Pacific Biodiversity (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2016.03.012 2 PS Joshi, VT Tantarpale / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity xxx (2016) 1e6 Figure 1. Buldhana District, Maharashtra, India. Please cite this article in press as: Joshi PS, Tantarpale VT, Diversity of Saurian fauna in the Buldhana district, Maharashtra, India, Journal of Asia- Pacific Biodiversity (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2016.03.012 PS Joshi, VT Tantarpale / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity xxx (2016) 1e6 3 Table 1. Diversity of Saurian fauna during February 2014 to January 2015 in the Buldhana district, Maharashtra, India. Family Scientific name Common name No. of IUCN Local individuals national status Agamidae Calotes versicolor Indian garden lizard 42 NE Abundant (Daudin, 1803) Calotes rouxii Indian forest lizards 16 NT Occasional (Dumeril and Bibron, 1844) Psammophilus blanfordanus Blanford’s rock agama 5 NE Rare (Stoliczka, 1871) Chamaeleonidae Chamaeleo zeylanicus Indian Chamaeleon 01 NE Rare (Stoliczka, 1872) Gekkonidae Hemidactylus brookii Brook’s house gecko 12 LC Rare (Gray, 1930) Hemidactylus flaviviridis Yellow-green House Gecko 35 LC Common (Murray, 1886) Hemidactylus frenatus Asian house gecko 25 LC Frequent (Dumeril and Bibron, 1844) Hemidactylus giganteus Giant Indian gecko 03 NE Occasional (Stoliczka, 1871) Hemidactylus leschenaultii Common bark gecko 42 LC Abundant (Dumeril and Bibron, 1844) Hemidactylus triedrus Termite hill gecko 10 NT Rare (Daudin, 1802) Scincidae Eutropis carinata Keeled grass skink 34 NT Common (Schneider, 1799) Eutropis macularia Bronze grass skink 40 LC Abundant (Blyth, 1853) Lygosoma punctatus Spotted supple skink 12 NT Rare (Gmelin, 1799) Varanidae Varanus bengalensis Bengal monitor lizard 18 VU Frequent (Daudin, 1803) LC ¼ least concern; NE ¼ not evaluated; NT ¼ nearly threatened; VU ¼ vulnerable. Its healthy climate, mountainous terrain, rugged configuration, and daily maximum temperature was 42.3C and the minimum was sudden fall in elevation are phenomenal (Joshi et al 2015). It is in 27.4C, and it decreased toward winter with a mean daily the Amravati division of Maharashtra state in Western India. It is maximum temperature of 27.6C and a minimum of 15.1C situated at the westernmost border of the Vidarbha region of (Buldhana Gazetteer 2015). Maharashtra, and is 500 km from the state capital, Mumbai. It lies 0 0 0 0 between 19 51 N and 21 17 N latitude and 75 57 E and 76 59 E Survey methods longitude. It has a total area of 9,745 km2 (3,761 square miles). The climatic condition of this district is characterized by a hot summer, The present study is based on the field work carried out in the well-distributed rainfall during the south-west monsoon season, study sites during February 2014 to January 2015. During the sur- and generally dry weather during the rest of the year. The cold vey, an efficient protocol was adopted. The survey was made using a season is from December to February. The average annual rainfall in “visual encounter survey” method (Doan 2003)aswellasby the district is 796.6 mm (31.37 inches). During summer, the mean employing randomized walking (Whitaker 2006). The selected area Relative dominance of species 0123456789101112131415 Calotes versicolor Hemidactylus leschenaultii Eutropis macularia Hemidactylus flaviviridis Eutropis carinata Hemidactylus frenatus Varanus bengalensis Calotes rouxii Hemidactylus brookii Lygosoma punctatus Hemidactylus triedrus Hemidactylus giganteus Psammophilus blanfordanus Chamaeoleo zeylanicus Figure 2. Relative abundance of saurian species in the Buldhana district, Maharashtra, India. Please cite this article in press as: Joshi PS, Tantarpale VT, Diversity of Saurian fauna in the Buldhana district, Maharashtra, India, Journal of Asia- Pacific Biodiversity (2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2016.03.012 4 PS Joshi, VT Tantarpale / Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity xxx (2016) 1e6 Relative occurrence of families 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Gekkonidae Scincidae Agamidae Varanidae Chamaeleonidae Figure 3. Relative dominance of saurian families in the Buldhana district, Maharashtra, India. was randomly explored on the basis of habitat structure and the each encountered species was categorized on the basis of Molur possibility of availability
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