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Urban Anthropology Volume 3 • Number 2 • November 2013 2239-5725 Editors: Copyright © 2013 Urbanities Italo Pardo (University of Kent, UK) Apart from fair dealing for the purpose of research or Jerome Krase (Brooklyn College, City University private study, or criticism or review, this publication of New York, U.S.A.) may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form and by any means, with the prior permission in Assistant Editor: writing of Urbanities, or in case of reprographic reproduction, in accordance with the terms of licenses Andrew Sanchez (Max Planck Institute for Social issued by the relevant Reproduction Rights Anthropology, Halle-Saale, Germany) Organization (e.g., Copyright Clearance Centre for the US; Copyright Licensing Agency for the UK). Book-Reviews Editors: Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those Iain Lindsay (Brunel University, UK) terms should be sent to the editorial address: Lidia Manzo (University of Trento, Italy) [email protected] Scientific Board: Disclaimer: The Publisher, the CUA and the Michael Ian Borer, University of Nevada, Las Editorial and Scientific Board of Urbanities cannot be Vegas, U.S.A. held responsible for errors or omissions that may be made in this publication, or for any consequences Subhadra Channa, University of Dehli, India arising from the use of information published in this , St. John’s University, New York, Judith DeSena journal. Any views and opinions expressed in U.S.A. Urbanities are those of the contributors only. They Paola De Vivo, University of Naples Federico II, are not necessarily endorsed or reflect the views of Italy the Publisher, the CUA or of the journal’s Editorial Michael Fischer, University of Kent, UK and Scientific Boards. The publication of Christian Giordano, University of Fribourg, advertisements does not necessarily constitute any Switzerland endorsement by the Publisher, the CUA or the John Gledhill, University of Manchester, UK journal’s Editorial and Scientific Boards of the Rosemary Harris, University College London, UK products advertised. Gustavo Lins Ribeiro, University of Brasilia, Brazil Fernando Monge, UNED, Spain Urbanities is the Journal of the IUAES Jonathan Parry, London School of Economics and Commission on Urban Anthropology. Political Science, UK Henk Pauw, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan The Commission on Urban Anthropology (CUA) is a University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa non-profit association. It was founded in 1982 and Giuliana B. Prato, University of Kent, UK acquired full affiliated status within the IUAES Michel Rautenberg, University of St Etienne, (International Union of Anthropological and France Ethnological Sciences) at the XI ICAES, held in Andrew Mugsy Spiegel, University of Cape Town, Vancouver in 1983. The CUA’s major goals are: 1) South Africa To organize international scientific symposia; 2) To Timothy Shortell, Brooklyn College, City encourage networking among worldwide scholars University of New York, U.S.A. with and interest in urban research; 3) To encourage Davide Torsello, University of Bergamo, Italy regional working groups. Alex Weingrod, Ben Gurion University, Israel For more information, or to become a member of the CUA, please visit: http://urban.anthroweb.net Graphic design: Carmine De Falco & Tonino Ferro Front cover copyrights: Bronze Sun © 1997 Lello Esposito Cityscape © 2011 Giuliana B. Prato Urbanities, Vol. 3 · No 2 · November 2013 © 2013 Urbanities Table of Contents Articles Brazil, a New Eldorado for Immigrants?: 3 The case of Haitians and the Brazilian Immigration Policy Sidney Antonio da Silva ‘We don’t need to copy anyone’: 19 César Manrique and the Creation of a Development Model for Lanzarote Maria Giulia Pezzi Under the Messina Bridge: Conflict, Governance and Participation 33Enrico Sacco and Ivano Scotti Lithuanians in Norway: Between ‘Here’ and ‘There’ 51 Darius Daukšas The Exhibition of Communist Objects and Symbols in Berlin’s Urban Landscape as Alternative Narratives of the Communist Past 69 Marie Hocquet Discussions and Comments Forum - ‘Urban Anthropology’ 79 ‘Urban Anthropology’ 80 Giuliana B. Prato and Italo Pardo Comments and Reflections 111 by Stephan Feuchtwang, Michael Fischer and Maria Kokolaki, Rosemary Harris, Michael Herzfeld, Jerome Krase, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Moshe Shokeid, Alex Weingrod Placing Urban Anthropology: Synchronic and Diachronic Reflections 128 International Conference Italo Pardo Welcome Address - International Conference on Placing Urban Anthropology: Synchronic and Diachronic Reflections 130 Guido Vergauwen Review Article 133 Legitimacy, Authority and Power: Some Key Concepts in the Understanding of Contemporary Societies Brigida Marovelli Research Report 140 Amateur Music-making as Urban Politics Tommaso Napoli Completed Doctoral Dissertations 142 Navigating Confined Fluidity: The Power of the 'Dash' in Greek-America Konstantinos Ardavanis 1 Urbanities, Vol. 3 · No 2 · November 2013 © 2013 Urbanities Beirut and Reconstruction Issues: The Case of the District of Hamra and of Downtown Maya Hélène Balhawan Hispanic Women in Leadership: Perceptions of Their Roads to Successful Careers Natalia Campbell Transformations of the Work and the Workers of Steel in the Acesita Fernando Firmo Landscape, Practice, and Tradition in a Sicilian Market Brigida Marovelli A Sociological Study of Women with Psycho-Social Distress in a Resettlement Colony in Delhi Mahima Nayar Selling the (Post) Industrial City: Capitalism, Power and Image Policies in Roubaix and Sheffield (1945-2010) Max Rousseau Blood, Identity and Truth: Memories of the Dictatorial Past in Argentina Liliana Lopes Sanjurjo Identification, Discrimination and Communication: Khorezmian Migrants in Tashkent Rano Turaeva-Hoehne Narrating the Landscape of Delhi: An Anthropological Study of Urban Space Kim Young Jin Book Reviews 152 André Cicalo (2012), Urban Encounters. Affirmative Action and Black Identities in Brazil. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. by Alex Vailati John. C. Kilburn Jr. and S.E. Costanza (2011), Salvation City: Halfway House Stories. Youngstown, NY: Teneo Press by Kathryn S. Krase Waltraud Kokot, Christian Giordano, Mijal GandelsmanTrier (Eds.) (2013), Diaspora as Resource: Comparative Studies in Strategies, Networks and Urban Space Lit Verlag: Berlin. by Moshe Shokeid Tsypylma Darieva, Wolfgang Kaschuba, Melanie Krebs (eds.) (2011) Urban Spaces after Socialism: Ethnographies of Public Places in Eurasian Cities. Frankfurt/Main: Campus Verlag. by Zdeněk Uherek Announcements 160 2 Urbanities, Vol. 3 · No 2 · November 2013 © 2013 Urbanities Brazil, a new Eldorado for Immigrants?: The Case of Haitians and the Brazilian Immigration Policy1 Sidney Antonio da Silva [email protected] The presence of Haitian immigrants in the Brazilian Amazon after 2010 is a new development that challenges both researchers and governments in terms both of understanding the phenomenon and responding to their needs. Based on ethnographic material collected at the Tri-border region and in Manaus, the author raises key questions about the Haitian presence in the region and asks why Brazil came to be an emigration option for them. From this perspective, the paper asks; Is Brazil becoming a new Eldorado for skilled and unskilled immigrants? Some implications of this new phenomenon for Brazilian society are considered, with particular attention to the country’s immigration policy. Key words: Immigration policy, Haitians, Brazilian Amazon, labour market Early in 2010 there was, in a short period of time, a significant flow of Haitian mmigrants requesting refugee status over Amazon borders. This new development in the region has challenged both civil society and the Brazilian government. The refugees have urgent needs, such as food, housing and employment, that must be cared for. A legal status is also required in order to guarantee these immigrants the possibility of staying in Brazil and exercising some citizenship rights. Considering that Brazil had not previously been among Haitians’ migration options, we should ask why they have selected Brazil as a new emigration target. Is the country truly becoming a new ‘Eldorado’ for immigrants, offering them better opportunities of labour, whether they are skilled or not? This study considers some implications of the presence of this new group for Brazilian society, and particularly for the country’s current immigration policy. The data analyzed here were collected through field work conducted at different times and in different contexts. In late 2011, at the Tri-Border region (of Brazil, Colombia, Peru), where the city of Tabatinga (AM) is located I observed the Haitians’ long wait, from one to three months, to be received at the Federal Police offices. In Brasiléia (AC), the situation was not different, which contributed to the permanence of a large number of Haitians there. In April 2013, I visited the lodging facilities designed for the Haitians in Brasiléia, where more than one thousand waited in precarious conditions for the documents that would allow them to continue their travel in Brazil. Over the second academic term of 2011 and in the first term of 2012, a group of students and researchers who participated in an project of the Anthropology Department of the Amazonas Federal University collected data in various neighbourhoods of Manaus. A total of 254 randomly selected Haitians were interviewed. In Manaus,140 people were interviewed – 118 men and 22 women – from a total of over 1,000 Haitians who lived in the city until early 2013. In Tabatinga 1 An earlier
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