Praise for Parallax
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
1 Timeline 2 Geocentric Model
Ancient Astronomy Many ancient cultures were interested in the night sky • Calenders • Prediction of seasons • Navigation 1 Timeline Astronomy timeline • ∼ 3000 B.C. Stonehenge • 2136 B.C. First record of solar eclipse by Chinese astronomers • 613 B.C. First record of Halley’s comet by Zuo Zhuan (China) • ∼ 270 B.C. Aristarchus proposes Earth goes around Sun (not a popular idea at the time) • ∼ 240 B.C. Eratosthenes estimates Earth’s circumference • ∼ 130 B.C. Hipparchus develops first accurate star map (one of the first to use R.A. and Dec) 2 Geocentric model The Geocentric Model • Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) • Uniform circular motion • Earth at center of Universe Retrograde Motion • General motion of planets east- ward • Short periods of westward motion of planets • Then continuation eastward How did the early Greek philosophers make retrograde motion consistent with uniform circular motion? 3 Ptolemy Ptolemy’s Geocentric Model • Planet moves around a small circle called an epicycle • Center of epicycle moves along a larger cir- cle called a deferent • Center of deferent is at center of Earth (sort of) Ptolemy’s Geocentric Model • Ptolemy invented the device called the eccentric • The eccentric is the center of the deferent • Sometimes the eccentric was slightly off center from the center of the Earth Ptolemy’s Geocentric Model • Uniform circular motion could not account for speed of the planets thus Ptolemy used a device called the equant • The equant was placed the same distance from the eccentric as the Earth, but on the -
FY08 Technical Papers by GSMTPO Staff
AURA/NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008 Submitted to the National Science Foundation July 23, 2008 Revised as Complete and Submitted December 23, 2008 NGC 660, ~13 Mpc from the Earth, is a peculiar, polar ring galaxy that resulted from two galaxies colliding. It consists of a nearly edge-on disk and a strongly warped outer disk. Image Credit: T.A. Rector/University of Alaska, Anchorage NATIONAL OPTICAL ASTRONOMY OBSERVATORY NOAO ANNUAL REPORT FY 2008 Submitted to the National Science Foundation December 23, 2008 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................. 1 1 SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES AND FINDINGS ..................................................................................... 2 1.1 Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory...................................................................................... 2 The Once and Future Supernova η Carinae...................................................................................................... 2 A Stellar Merger and a Missing White Dwarf.................................................................................................. 3 Imaging the COSMOS...................................................................................................................................... 3 The Hubble Constant from a Gravitational Lens.............................................................................................. 4 A New Dwarf Nova in the Period Gap............................................................................................................ -
BRAS Newsletter August 2013
www.brastro.org August 2013 Next meeting Aug 12th 7:00PM at the HRPO Dark Site Observing Dates: Primary on Aug. 3rd, Secondary on Aug. 10th Photo credit: Saturn taken on 20” OGS + Orion Starshoot - Ben Toman 1 What's in this issue: PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE....................................................................................................................3 NOTES FROM THE VICE PRESIDENT ............................................................................................4 MESSAGE FROM THE HRPO …....................................................................................................5 MONTHLY OBSERVING NOTES ....................................................................................................6 OUTREACH CHAIRPERSON’S NOTES .........................................................................................13 MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION .......................................................................................................14 2 PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE Hi Everyone, I hope you’ve been having a great Summer so far and had luck beating the heat as much as possible. The weather sure hasn’t been cooperative for observing, though! First I have a pretty cool announcement. Thanks to the efforts of club member Walt Cooney, there are 5 newly named asteroids in the sky. (53256) Sinitiere - Named for former BRAS Treasurer Bob Sinitiere (74439) Brenden - Named for founding member Craig Brenden (85878) Guzik - Named for LSU professor T. Greg Guzik (101722) Pursell - Named for founding member Wally Pursell -
Resolved Astrometric Binary Stars Brian D. Mason
Resolved Astrometric Binary Stars Brian D. Mason 9/12/2012 U.S. Naval Observatory 1 Background Astrometric contributions of Friedrich Bessel (1784-1846) •Parallax of 61 Cygni (1838) U.S. Naval Observatory Background Astrometric contributions of Friedrich Bessel (1784-1846) •Parallax of 61 Cygni (1838) •Non-linear proper motion of Sirius and Procyon (1844) Image: http://vega.lpl.arizona.edu/sirius/A5.html U.S. Naval Observatory Background Astrometric contributions of Friedrich Bessel (1784-1846) •Parallax of 61 Cygni (1838) •Non-linear proper motion of Sirius and Procyon (1844) Due to stellar types (main- sequence and white dwarf) motion affect significant, but Image: http://vega.lpl.arizona.edu/sirius/A5.html companion hard to detect. • Sirius B first resolved in 1862 by Alvan Graham Clark (right) testing 18.5 ” Clark refractor. U.S. Naval Observatory Background Astrometric contributions of Friedrich Bessel (1784-1846) •Parallax of 61 Cygni (1838) •Non-linear proper motion of Sirius and Procyon (1844) Due to stellar types (main- sequence and white dwarf) motion affect significant, but companion hard to detect. • Sirius B first resolved in 1862 by Alvan Graham Clark (right) testing 18.5 ” Clark refractor. • Procyon B first resolved in 1896 by John Martin Schaeberle with Lick 36 ” Clark refractor. U.S. Naval Observatory CurrentCurrent Orbit: Orbit: Procyon Sirius AB AB • Broken line is line of nodes. • Green plus signs and asterisks: micrometry. • Pink asterisks: photography • Blue circles: HST/WFPC2 • Scales on axis are in arcseconds. • Direction of orbital motion at lower right. • Sirius Period = 50.090y. • Procyon Period = 40.82y. U.S. Naval Observatory Orbits • The 6 th Catalog of Orbits of Visual Binary Stars has 2298 orbits of 2187 systems. -
Essays-Mechanics / Electrodynamics/Download/8831
WHAT IF THE GALILEO AFFAIR NEVER HAPPENED? ABSTRACT From the 5th Century A.D. to the advent of Scholastic Aristotelianism, the curriculum in Roman Catholic universities in Europe taught a Rotating Geocentric Earth. St. Thomas Aquinas (1225 A.D.-1274 A.D.) introduced the writings of Aristotle (384 B.C.-322 B.C.) and of Claudius Ptolemy (100 A.D.-170 A.D.) in the 13th Century A.D., and the curriculum changed to teach a Non-Rotating Geocentric Earth. In this GSJ presentation, an Alternate History is presented. The famous Trial of Galileo never happened and the book by Nicolaus Copernicus was never banned by the Vatican of the Roman Catholic Church. The Roman Catholic Church simply ignored Galileo & his insulting book of 1632 A.D. The Roman Catholic Church Astronomers produced the Gregorian Calendar in 1583 A.D. The Roman Catholic Astronomers had abandoned the Aristotle/Ptolemy Model of Astronomy and had replaced it with the Non-Rotating Tychonian Model. This is NOT Alternate History. Johann Kepler published. That is NOT Alternate History. Isaac Newton published Principia, too. Christian Huygens contributed to the technology of the Mechanical Clock. Mechanical Time and Sundial Time demonstrate two similar but not identical paths. This is NOT Alternate History, either. The writer that is known as Voltaire (1694-1778) campaigned for Newton’s Principia as did Willem Gravesande (1688-1742). Pierre-Simon LaPlace (1748-1827) rescued Newton’s Celestial Mechanics of Universal Gravitation and Kepler’s Elliptical Orbits from disequilibrium issues in 1804A.D. Friedrich Bessel (1784-1846) discovered the first star to exhibit Stellar Parallax in 1838. -
A Philosophical and Historical Analysis of Cosmology from Copernicus to Newton
University of Central Florida STARS Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 2017 Scientific transformations: a philosophical and historical analysis of cosmology from Copernicus to Newton Manuel-Albert Castillo University of Central Florida Part of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons Find similar works at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd University of Central Florida Libraries http://library.ucf.edu This Masters Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by STARS. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019 by an authorized administrator of STARS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STARS Citation Castillo, Manuel-Albert, "Scientific transformations: a philosophical and historical analysis of cosmology from Copernicus to Newton" (2017). Electronic Theses and Dissertations, 2004-2019. 5694. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/5694 SCIENTIFIC TRANSFORMATIONS: A PHILOSOPHICAL AND HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF COSMOLOGY FROM COPERNICUS TO NEWTON by MANUEL-ALBERT F. CASTILLO A.A., Valencia College, 2013 B.A., University of Central Florida, 2015 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the department of Interdisciplinary Studies in the College of Graduate Studies at the University of Central Florida Orlando, Florida Fall Term 2017 Major Professor: Donald E. Jones ©2017 Manuel-Albert F. Castillo ii ABSTRACT The purpose of this thesis is to show a transformation around the scientific revolution from the sixteenth to seventeenth centuries against a Whig approach in which it still lingers in the history of science. I find the transformations of modern science through the cosmological models of Nicholas Copernicus, Johannes Kepler, Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton. -
General Index
General Index Italicized page numbers indicate figures and tables. Color plates are in- cussed; full listings of authors’ works as cited in this volume may be dicated as “pl.” Color plates 1– 40 are in part 1 and plates 41–80 are found in the bibliographical index. in part 2. Authors are listed only when their ideas or works are dis- Aa, Pieter van der (1659–1733), 1338 of military cartography, 971 934 –39; Genoa, 864 –65; Low Coun- Aa River, pl.61, 1523 of nautical charts, 1069, 1424 tries, 1257 Aachen, 1241 printing’s impact on, 607–8 of Dutch hamlets, 1264 Abate, Agostino, 857–58, 864 –65 role of sources in, 66 –67 ecclesiastical subdivisions in, 1090, 1091 Abbeys. See also Cartularies; Monasteries of Russian maps, 1873 of forests, 50 maps: property, 50–51; water system, 43 standards of, 7 German maps in context of, 1224, 1225 plans: juridical uses of, pl.61, 1523–24, studies of, 505–8, 1258 n.53 map consciousness in, 636, 661–62 1525; Wildmore Fen (in psalter), 43– 44 of surveys, 505–8, 708, 1435–36 maps in: cadastral (See Cadastral maps); Abbreviations, 1897, 1899 of town models, 489 central Italy, 909–15; characteristics of, Abreu, Lisuarte de, 1019 Acequia Imperial de Aragón, 507 874 –75, 880 –82; coloring of, 1499, Abruzzi River, 547, 570 Acerra, 951 1588; East-Central Europe, 1806, 1808; Absolutism, 831, 833, 835–36 Ackerman, James S., 427 n.2 England, 50 –51, 1595, 1599, 1603, See also Sovereigns and monarchs Aconcio, Jacopo (d. 1566), 1611 1615, 1629, 1720; France, 1497–1500, Abstraction Acosta, José de (1539–1600), 1235 1501; humanism linked to, 909–10; in- in bird’s-eye views, 688 Acquaviva, Andrea Matteo (d. -
Optics, Basra, Cairo, Spectacles
International Journal of Optics and Applications 2014, 4(4): 110-113 DOI: 10.5923/j.optics.20140404.02 Alhazen, the Founder of Physiological Optics and Spectacles Nāsir pūyān (Nasser Pouyan) Tehran, 16616-18893, Iran Abstract Alhazen (c. 965 – c. 1039), Arabian mathematician and physicist with an unknown actual life who laid the foundation of physiological optics and came within an ace of discovery of the use of eyeglasses. He wrote extensively on algebra, geometry, and astronomy. Just the Beginnings of the 13th century, in Europe eyeglasses were used as an aid to vision, but Alhazen’s book “Kitab al – Manazir” (Book of Optics) included theories on refraction, reflection and the study of lenses and gave the first account of vision. It had great influence during the Middle Ages. In it, he explained that twilight was the result of the refraction of the sun’s rays in the earth’s atmosphere. The first Latin translation of Alhazen’s mathematical works was written in 1210 by a clergyman from Sussex, in England, Robert Grosseteste (1175 – 1253). His treatise on astrology was printed in Latin at Basle in 1572. Alhazen who was from Basra died in Cairo at the age of 73 (c. 1039). Keywords Optics, Basra, Cairo, Spectacles Ibn al-Haytham (c. 965 – c. 1038), known in the West who had pretended insane, once more was released from the Alhazen, and Avenna than1, who is considered as the father prison and received his belongings, and never applied for any of modern optics. He was from Basra [1] (in Iraq) and position. received his education in this city and Baghdad, but nothing is known about his actual life and teachers. -
Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy by George Biddell Airy 1
Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy by George Biddell Airy 1 CHAPTER I. CHAPTER II. CHAPTER III. CHAPTER IV. CHAPTER V. CHAPTER VI. CHAPTER VII. CHAPTER VIII. CHAPTER IX. CHAPTER X. CHAPTER I. CHAPTER II. CHAPTER III. CHAPTER IV. CHAPTER V. CHAPTER VI. CHAPTER VII. CHAPTER VIII. CHAPTER IX. CHAPTER X. Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy by George Biddell Airy The Project Gutenberg EBook of Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy by George Biddell Airy This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy by George Biddell Airy 2 License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy Author: George Biddell Airy Release Date: January 9, 2004 [EBook #10655] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SIR GEORGE AIRY *** Produced by Joseph Myers and PG Distributed Proofreaders AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF SIR GEORGE BIDDELL AIRY, K.C.B., M.A., LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.S., F.R.A.S., HONORARY FELLOW OF TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, ASTRONOMER ROYAL FROM 1836 TO 1881. EDITED BY WILFRID AIRY, B.A., M.Inst.C.E. 1896 PREFACE. The life of Airy was essentially that of a hard-working, business man, and differed from that of other hard-working people only in the quality and variety of his work. It was not an exciting life, but it was full of interest, and his work brought him into close relations with many scientific men, and with many men high in the State. -
SEPTEMBER 2014 OT H E D Ebn V E R S E R V ESEPTEMBERR 2014
THE DENVER OBSERVER SEPTEMBER 2014 OT h e D eBn v e r S E R V ESEPTEMBERR 2014 FROM THE INSIDE LOOKING OUT Calendar Taken on July 25th in San Luis State Park near the Great Sand Dunes in Colorado, Jeff made this image of the Milky Way during an overnight camping stop on the way to Santa Fe, NM. It was taken with a Canon 2............................. First quarter moon 60D camera, an EFS 15-85 lens, using an iOptron SkyTracker. It is a single frame, with no stacking or dark/ 8.......................................... Full moon bias frames, at ISO 1600 for two minutes. Visible in this south-facing photograph is Sagittarius, and the 14............ Aldebaran 1.4˚ south of moon Dark Horse Nebula inside of the Milky Way. He processed the image in Adobe Lightroom. Image © Jeff Tropeano 15............................ Last quarter moon 22........................... Autumnal Equinox 24........................................ New moon Inside the Observer SEPTEMBER SKIES by Dennis Cochran ygnus the Swan dives onto center stage this other famous deep-sky object is the Veil Nebula, President’s Message....................... 2 C month, almost overhead. Leading the descent also known as the Cygnus Loop, a supernova rem- is the nose of the swan, the star known as nant so large that its separate arcs were known Society Directory.......................... 2 Albireo, a beautiful multi-colored double. One and named before it was found to be one wide Schedule of Events......................... 2 wonders if Albireo has any planets from which to wisp that came out of a single star. The Veil is see the pair up-close. -
Ptolemy's Almagest
Ptolemy’s Almagest: Fact and Fiction Richard Fitzpatrick Department of Physics, UT Austin Euclid’s Elements and Ptolemy’s Almagest • Ancient Greece -> Two major scientific works: Euclid’s Elements and Ptolemy’s “Almagest”. • Elements -> Compendium of mathematical theorems concerning geometry, proportion, number theory. Still highly regarded. • Almagest -> Comprehensive treatise on ancient Greek astronomy. (Almost) universally disparaged. Popular Modern Criticisms of Ptolemy’s Almagest • Ptolemy’s approach shackled by Aristotelian philosophy -> Earth stationary; celestial bodies move uniformly around circular orbits. • Mental shackles lead directly to introduction of epicycle as kludge to explain retrograde motion without having to admit that Earth moves. • Ptolemy’s model inaccurate. Lead later astronomers to add more and more epicycles to obtain better agreement with observations. • Final model hopelessly unwieldy. Essentially collapsed under own weight, leaving field clear for Copernicus. Geocentric Orbit of Sun SS Sun VE − vernal equinox SPRING SS − summer solstice AE − autumn equinox WS − winter solstice SUMMER93.6 92.8 Earth AE VE AUTUMN89.9 88.9 WINTER WS Successive passages though VE every 365.24 days Geocentric Orbit of Mars Mars E retrograde station direct station W opposition retrograde motion Earth Period between successive oppositions: 780 (+29/−16) days Period between stations and opposition: 36 (+6/−6) days Angular extent of retrograde arc: 15.5 (+3/−5) degrees Immovability of Earth • By time of Aristotle, ancient Greeks knew that Earth is spherical. Also, had good estimate of its radius. • Ancient Greeks calculated that if Earth rotates once every 24 hours then person standing on equator moves west to east at about 1000 mph. -
Thinking Outside the Sphere Views of the Stars from Aristotle to Herschel Thinking Outside the Sphere
Thinking Outside the Sphere Views of the Stars from Aristotle to Herschel Thinking Outside the Sphere A Constellation of Rare Books from the History of Science Collection The exhibition was made possible by generous support from Mr. & Mrs. James B. Hebenstreit and Mrs. Lathrop M. Gates. CATALOG OF THE EXHIBITION Linda Hall Library Linda Hall Library of Science, Engineering and Technology Cynthia J. Rogers, Curator 5109 Cherry Street Kansas City MO 64110 1 Thinking Outside the Sphere is held in copyright by the Linda Hall Library, 2010, and any reproduction of text or images requires permission. The Linda Hall Library is an independently funded library devoted to science, engineering and technology which is used extensively by The exhibition opened at the Linda Hall Library April 22 and closed companies, academic institutions and individuals throughout the world. September 18, 2010. The Library was established by the wills of Herbert and Linda Hall and opened in 1946. It is located on a 14 acre arboretum in Kansas City, Missouri, the site of the former home of Herbert and Linda Hall. Sources of images on preliminary pages: Page 1, cover left: Peter Apian. Cosmographia, 1550. We invite you to visit the Library or our website at www.lindahlll.org. Page 1, right: Camille Flammarion. L'atmosphère météorologie populaire, 1888. Page 3, Table of contents: Leonhard Euler. Theoria motuum planetarum et cometarum, 1744. 2 Table of Contents Introduction Section1 The Ancient Universe Section2 The Enduring Earth-Centered System Section3 The Sun Takes