DOCSLIB.ORG

About Colombia Colombia Is a Country of 48 Million People at The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
About Colombia Colombia Is a Country of 48 Million People at The About Colombia Colombia is a country of 48 million people at the northwestern tip of the South American continent, made up of 32 departments plus the Capital District of Bogotá. It is one of the most biodiverse countries on the planet, hosting the incredible diversity of the Amazon region. It is home to the beloved literary figure Gabriel Garcia Marquez and his renowned 100 Years of Solitude, salsa dancing, cumbia music, and some truly vivacious religious celebrations. And it is home to, as you may already know, a complicated political history that has shaped much of the country’s challenges, achievements and motivations for decades past and decades to come. What we hope you will soon discover about Colombia, if you haven’t already, is that it is an endlessly fascinating, contradictory, confusing, beautiful, warm and spirited country. While its internal conflict has long defined its international reputation, a huge transformation is taking place, and the country is opening up more than ever to international tourism and investment. We hope that the information below can begin to orient you to the country’s historical and cultural context. Quick Facts Official name: Republic of Colombia Government: Representative democracy with 4-year presidential terms Capital: Bogotá President: Juan Manuel Santos Location: Northwestern tip of South America Population: 48 million Official Language: Spanish Religion: 90% Roman Catholic Currency: Colombian peso (COP) Demographics: Mestizo; Afro-Colombian/Afro-descendent; Amerindian indigenous Major exports: coffee, cut flowers, coal, petroleum, emeralds Literacy Rate: 93.5% (adult), 98.2% (youth) Minimum Monthly Wage: 600.000[1] COP (roughly USD $225) per month Interesting facts: Colombia is the second most biodiverse country in the world; it is the only South American country with both Pacific and Caribbean coasts; the jungles of Eastern Colombia have 54% of Colombia’s land but only 3% of its people; Colombia has Latin America’s second largest population of African descendants, second to Brazil. Fun fact: Though the most popular sport is far and away football (or soccer for those from the US), the national sport is actually tejo, a game which involves throwing a metal disk at gunpowder pellets Safety Of all the reactions that you got from friends and family at your announcement of coming to Colombia, we’re guessing that at least one fell somewhere along the spectrum of curiosity to concern. Colombia’s international reputation as a dangerous place to come is particularly present for those who remember hearing about the most tumultuous years of drug violence in the 80s and 90s. It goes without saying that the Colombia of today is a very different place than the Colombia of the 1990s. Regardless, we take safety very seriously, and Teach for All considers safety above all else when deciding where to place the Global Conference. You can read more safety information here. About Bogota Bogotá is Colombia's beating heart, an engaging and vibrant capital cradled by chilly Andean peaks and steeped in sophisticated urban cool. The city's cultural epicenter is La Candelaria, the cobbled historic downtown to which most travelers gravitate. Here, a potpourri of preciously preserved colonial buildings house museums, restaurants, hotels and bars peppered amid 300-year-old homes, churches and convents. Nearly all of Bogotá's traditional attractions are here – radiating out from Plaza de Bolívar – and gorgeous Cerro de Monserrate is just east. Bogota’s grittier sides sit south and southwest, where working-class barrios (neighborhoods) continue to battle well-earned reputations for drugs and crime. In the ritzier north, you'll find boutique hotels and well-heeled locals piling into chic entertainment districts such as the Zona Rosa and Zona G. Here, rust- tinted sunsets dramatically bounce off the bricks of upper-class Bogotá's Andes-hugging residential buildings – a cinematic ceremony that begins the city's uproarious evenings. Quick Facts Population: 8-9 million Weather: Colombian “cold”, on average about 15°C/58°F (not that cold) Rainy seasons: March-May, October-November Department: Cundinamarca / Distrito Capital Bogotá is a grid! The streets are organized in numbered “Carreras” and “Calles”. Carerras run north-south and Calles run east-west. o Carerras start at 0 at the mountains (which are at the east edge of the city) and increase toward the west. o Calle 0 is in the middle of the city. From Calle 0, street numbers increase toward the north and also increase toward the south but with “sur” tacked on (Calle 3 is 3 blocks north of Calle 0; Calle 3 Sur is 3 blocks south of Calle 0) Source: http://www.bogota-dc.com/maps/bog-map.htm Generally speaking, Bogota is split up into four zones. o North: Modern, commercial and residential area. o Central Zone (Downtown): Between Carreras 1 to 14 and Calles 5-34 is the central area. This includes the colonial and colorful neighborhood of La Candelaria. This area has a lot of government offices, museums, churches, and other historic buildings. o Western Zone: This area has various parks and sports centers, administrative offices, and residential areas. This is also where the airport is located. o Southern Zone: Starts at Calle 1 Sur. This area has commercial centers, residential areas, parks, and industrial complexes. Transportation Driving & Bogota Traffic: Bogota Traffic is a force to be reckoned with. Rush hour is usually from 7-9 am and then 5-8 pm, but you should expect the roads to be fairly congested throughout the majority of the day. Keep this in mind when you schedule your time. Our rule of thumb? During rush hour, add between 50-60mins to the estimated travel time. Even when it’s not rush hour, expect congested roads and give yourself plenty of time to get to your destination. The Transmilenio (bus) runs on its own roads, so it is immune to the traffic congestion. BUT, during rush hour, the buses get crowded. Transmilenio Buses: You can buy a Transmilenio card for 2.000 COP and put money on your card at any station – just look for the Taquilla (Ticket booth) at the front of the stations. You can plan your trip online here or you can ask the police in the stations about which bus to take. There are also system maps in each station. If you have a smartphone, Mi Transmi and TransmiSitp are great apps to plan your transmilenio routes. Transmilenio Prices: Hora pico (rush hour): 2.200 COP Mon-Sat 6:00-8:30am, 9:30am-3:30pm, 4:30-7:30pm Hora valle (not rush hour): 1.800 COP Mon-Sat before 6:00am, 8:30-9:30am, 3:30-4:30pm, after 7:30pm; Sunday/festivos all day SITP: SITP is another government operated bus system. You can use either your Transmilenio card or a TuLlave card, which you can recharge at any tienda with a bright green TuLlave banner out front. Rates are the same as the Transmilenio (see above) and you can also plan your trips online at the same website. SITP App: TransmiSitp (maps, routes) Buseta/Colectivo: Busetas and colectivos are slowly being replaced by SITP routes, but there are currently still hundreds of routes. The sign in the front window of a buseta has the destination of the bus at the top and the streets/neighborhoods/landmarks of the route below. These signs are easy to recognize for locals but it may take you some time to get used to identifying the busetas/collectivos. There are some designated bus stops, but most of the time you can just wave them down wherever you are. Board the bus via the front door and pay the driver or the assistant as you get on. To get off, go to the door and press the buzzer (timbre) to notify the driver that you want them to stop. If you have a doubt about the bus passing where you want to go, ask the driver right when you get on. If there isn’t a buzzer, then just tell the driver “por acá, por favor (here, please) or “la esquina, por favor” (on the corner, please) or “baja!”(getting off). Taxi It’s always best to call a safe taxi instead of flagging one from the street, as many taxi drivers overcharge foreigners and Bogotá has a history of safety problems with taxi. The taxi driver will start the meter when you get in, and there will be a laminated paper in the back seat pocket with a list of prices so that you can check that you are charged the correct fare. At night and on Sundays or festivos (holidays) there are additional fees. When you call a taxi, you will be given the license plate number of your taxi (la placa) and a two digit number (el código) that the taxi driver will ask you for when they arrive to confirm that you are the person they are supposed to pick up. The two digit number will be the last two digits of the phone number that you call from. Taxi Apps: Tappsi; Easy Taxi Taxi Numbers to call: 211-1111, 311-1111, etc. (if calling from a cell phone, dial 031 first) Bus Terminals You can catch a bus from Bogotá to ANYWHERE. Plan your trip on this website. The Salitre Terminal is the main bus terminal, located at Diagonal 23 #69-60. Here, you can catch buses to all major cities in Colombia as well as international buses. Most large buses going to larger towns/cities to the south of Bogotá will start and end at the Salitre Terminal, making a brief stop at the Terminal del Sur.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • RETORNANDO POR EL CAMINO DE LOS ANTIGUOS El Sendero Para Reorganizar La Vida
    RETORNANDO POR EL CAMINO DE LOS ANTIGUOS El Sendero para Reorganizar la Vida. Documento elaborado en el maco del Convenio No. 169 de 2012 suscrito entre el Cabildo Indigena Muisca de Bosa y el Instituto Distrital de Turismo Convenio interadministrativo N° 169 de 2012 entre el IDT - Cabildo Indigena Mhuysqa de Bosa. ALCALDIA MAYOR DE BOGOTÁ Agradecimientos especiales a: Alcalde Mayor de Bogotá Pueblo Wiwa Gustavo Petro Urrego Hade Ramón Gil Instituto Distrital de Turismo de Bogota (IDT) Hade Antonio Pinto Gil Director General Pueblo Arhuaco Luis Fernando Rosas Londoño Mamo Lorenzo Izquierdo Subdirectora de Gestión de Destino Pueblo Huitoto Tatiana Plazas Contreras Cacique Victor Martinez Taicom Cabildo Mhuysqa de Bosa Líderes espirituales: Cabildo Gobernador Comunidad Mhuysqa de Chia Sandra Milena Cobos Manuel Socha Coordinacion General Comunidad Mhuysqa de Cota Henry Mauricio Neuta Zabala Ramiro Romero Romero Asistencia Coordinación Comunidad Mhuysqa de Bosa Edward Arevalo Neuta John Orobajo Profesionales de apoyo Comunidad Mhuysqa de Bosa Autoridades 2013 Arquitecto Roberto Santos Curvelo Consejo de Mayores Antropólogo Antonio Daza Hate Kulchavita Abuela Cecilia Chiguasuque Grupo Gestores Miryam Tiviño Tatiana Silva Medicina Ancestral Yilena Rico Autoridades Tradicionales 2013 Deysy Contreras Jimmy Corredor Chiguasuque Ficha Técnica Grupo Relator Planos Arquitectonicos y Arqueoastronomicos Territorio Yeismith Armenta Arquitecto Roberto Santos Curvelo Efrigerio Neuta Tunjo Mapas Arqueoastronómicos Bacatá Antropólogo Juan David Morales
    [Show full text]
  • Colombia: Extractives for Prosperity May 2014 Colombia
    Colombia: Extractives for Prosperity May 2014 Colombia Extractives for Prosperity Colombia: Extractives for Prosperity Capstone Report, School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University Valle Avilés Pinedo Samantha Holt Michael Bellanton Michael Bellantoni Kine Martinussen Fernando Peinado Gustavo Rojas German Cash Daniel Mendoza Gustavo Rojas Maneesha Shrivastava Federico Sersale Alejandra Espinosa Nicholas Nassar Federico Sersale Carolyn Westeröd1 Supervised by Professor Jenik Radon, Esq. Colombia: Extractives for Prosperity May 2014 Acknowledgments The Columbia University School of International and Public Affairs’ Colombia Capstone group would like to acknowledge the many individuals and organizations that provided invaluable assistance in creating this report: - Professor Jenik Radon, the capstone advisor, for his mentorship and outstanding wisdom. - Fundacion Foro Nacional por Colombia, for helping plan our field trip to Colombia, and for their wisdom and valuable guidance through the development of this project. - Columbia University SIPA, for providing financial support for this Project. - The over 50 interviewees from government organizations, civil society, the oil industry, the mining industry, environmental specialists, academia, and elsewhere, who generously offered their time to meet with us in Colombia and New York. Their guidance was invaluable for the development of this Project. - The authors of the other reports in the Columbia University, School of International and Public Affairs Natural Resources: Potentials
    [Show full text]
  • Undiscovered Colombia, Providencia and Panama City
    18 days 11:31 01-09-2021 We are the UK’s No.1 specialist in travel to Latin As our name suggests, we are single-minded America and have been creating award-winning about Latin America. This is what sets us apart holidays to every corner of the region for over four from other travel companies – and what allows us decades; we pride ourselves on being the most to offer you not just a holiday but the opportunity to knowledgeable people there are when it comes to experience something extraordinary on inspiring travel to Central and South America and journeys throughout Mexico, Central and South passionate about it too. America. A passion for the region runs Fully bonded and licensed Our insider knowledge helps through all we do you go beyond the guidebooks ATOL-protected All our Consultants have lived or We hand-pick hotels with travelled extensively in Latin On your side when it matters character and the most America rewarding excursions Book with confidence, knowing Up-to-the-minute knowledge every penny is secure Let us show you the Latin underpinned by 40 years' America we know and love experience 11:31 01-09-2021 11:31 01-09-2021 There's some of the best-preserved colonial architecture in Latin America in the cities of Bogotá and Cartagena, and remarkable pre-Columbian artefacts in the San Agustín Archaeological Park.This holiday takes you to all of these, plus a few days on one of the Caribbean’s laid-back and quirkiest islands, English-speaking Providencia, which flies the Colombian flag.
    [Show full text]
  • Tourist and Gastronomic OEr
    FREE GENERAL INFORMATION TRANSIT AND TRANSPORT MUSEUMS LIBRARIES SEA MUSEUM 11L-7 TAXIS Museums in Bogotá are mostly opened from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. every day, although some 19M-7 BOGOTÁ CAPITAL OF THE REPUBLIC OF COLOMBIA Calle 4 #22-61 Tel: 2427030 ext 3140-3142-1950. Located at Jorge Tadeo Lozano University, ARCHIVE OF BOGOTÁ Calle 6 B # 5-75 Tel. 3813000 Bogotá has a good taxi service, all yellow. They can be approached on the street, but for close on certain days: 20 FOUNDED August 6th, 1538 by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada NATION’S GENERAL ARCHIVE Carrera 6 # 6-91 Tel. 3282888 M-7 safety, it is recommended requesting it by telephone, especially at night. Request the number (1) Closed on Mondays (2) Closed on Tuesdays (3)Closed on Sundays and holidays. it illustrates subjects related to marine life featuring various marine ecosystems. It displays H-5 LANGUAGE Spanish of the car sent and once the car arrives verify the information. Taxis must have on display a (4) Closed on Weekends. (5) Opened every day. skeletons of some species, aquariums with live sea urchins, lobsters and crabs. (3) VIRGILIO BARCO PUBLIC LIBRARY Av. Carrera 60 # 57-60 Tel. (571) 3158890 14 CURRENCY Colombian peso (COP) card with the identification of the driver and the vehicle, and the table of equivalent units NATIONAL POLICE HISTORICAL MUSEUM L-7 TINTAL PUBLIC LIBRARY Ciudad de Cali Av. # 6C-09 Tel. 379 3550 K-1 ALTITUDE 8661 ft. ASL (2.640 meters ASL) marking the meter rates.
    [Show full text]
  • Análisis Multitemporal De La Cobertura Vegetal De La Subcuenca Del Río Teusacá Con Imágenes Landsat De Los Años 1985, 1997 Y 2015
    ANÁLISIS MULTITEMPORAL DE LA COBERTURA VEGETAL DE LA SUBCUENCA DEL RÍO TEUSACÁ CON IMÁGENES LANDSAT DE LOS AÑOS 1985, 1997 Y 2015 Trabajo de grado para optar por el título de: Administrador Ambiental y de los Recursos Naturales Autora: KAREN MARITZA GARAY REY CÓDIGO: 2138103 UNIVERSIDAD SANTO TOMÁS FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS Y TECNOLOGIA PROGRAMA ADMINISTRACIÓN AMBIENTAL Y DE LOS RECURSOS NATURALES BOGOTA, D.C 2019 ANÁLISIS MULTITEMPORAL DE LA COBERTURA VEGETAL DE LA SUBCUENCA DEL RÍO TEUSACÁ CON IMÁGENES LANDSAT DE LOS AÑOS 1985, 1987 Y 2015 Trabajo de grado para optar por el título de: Administrador Ambiental y de los Recursos Naturales Autora: KAREN MARITZA GARAY REY CÓDIGO: 2138103 Directora ESTRELLA CARDENAS CASTRO Bióloga, MSc. Ciencias Agrarias UNIVERSIDAD SANTO TOMÁS FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS Y TECNOLOGÍAS PROGRAMA ADMINISTRACIÓN AMBIENTAL Y DE LOS RECURSOS NATURALES BOGOTA, D.C. 2019 NOTA DE ACEPTACIÓN ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ Firma del Presidente del jurado ______________________________ Firma del jurado ______________________________ Firma del jurado AGRADECIMIENTOS A la profesora Estrella Cárdenas, por su acompañamiento y orientación académica en el desarrollo de mi trabajo de grado. Un merecido reconocimiento a mis padres quienes me dieron su apoyo incondicional durante todo el transcurso de mi carrera. A los profesionales Julián Flórez, David Rubio, Carlos Caro, Diego Martínez y Daniel Melo por sus valiosas
    [Show full text]
  • Gold and Power in Ancient Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia
    This is an extract from: Gold and Power in Ancient Costa Rica, Panama, and Colombia Jeffrey Quilter and John W. Hoopes, Editors published by Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection Washington, D.C. © 2003 Dumbarton Oaks Trustees for Harvard University Washington, D.C. Printed in the United States of America www.doaks.org/etexts.html The Political Economy of Pre-Colombian Goldwork: Four Examples from Northern South America Carl Henrik Langebaek Universidad de los Andes Introduction: The Problem ome twenty years ago, Alicia Dussán de Reichel (1979: 41) complained that studies that “set out to place the prehistoric metallurgy of Colombia within a wider context Sof cultural development” were not very numerous. Despite a great deal of research on Pre-Columbian goldwork since, the same observation remains true today. One source of frustration comes from the fact that most archaeologists focus on the study of metallurgy as a goal in itself. Although researchers have produced detailed descriptions about the techno- logical characteristics of Pre-Columbian goldwork (Scott 1981), timelines, definitions of “styles” and “traditions,” as well as correlations among styles across Colombia, Lower Central America, and Ecuador (Bray 1981; 1992a; 1997; Plazas and Falchetti 1983), and identifica- tions of plant and animal species represented in ornaments (Legast 1987), they have rarely placed goldwork within a social context (Looper 1996) or incorporated it in models related to social change. Whatever improvement in the research on Pre-Columbian metal objects there has been, further progress will be limited if it is not aimed at understanding the way societies function and change (Lechtman 1984).
    [Show full text]
  • Hydraulic Chiefdoms in the Eastern Andean Highlands of Colombia
    heritage Article Hydraulic Chiefdoms in the Eastern Andean Highlands of Colombia Michael P. Smyth The Foundation for Americas Research Inc., Winter Springs, FL 32719-5553, USA; [email protected] or [email protected] Received: 16 May 2018; Accepted: 9 July 2018; Published: 11 July 2018 Abstract: The natural and cultural heritage of the Valley of Leiva in the Eastern Colombian Andes is closely tied to the Colonial town of Villa de Leyva. The popular tourist destination with rapid economic development and agricultural expansion contrasts sharply with an environment of limited water resources and landscape erosion. The recent discovery of Prehispanic hydraulic systems underscore ancient responses to water shortages conditioned by climate change. In an environment where effective rainfall and erosion are problematic, irrigation was vital to human settlement in this semi-arid highland valley. A chiefly elite responded to unpredictable precipitation by engineering a hydraulic landscape sanctioned by religious cosmology and the monolithic observatory at El Infiernito, the Stonehenge of Colombia. Early Colonial water works, however, transformed Villa de Leyva into a wheat breadbasket, though climatic downturns and poor management strategies contributed to an early 17th century crash in wheat production. Today, housing construction, intensive agriculture, and environmental instability combine to recreate conditions for acute water shortages. The heritage of a relatively dry valley with a long history of hydraulic chiefdoms, of which modern planners seem unaware, raises concerns for conservation and vulnerability to climate extremes and the need for understanding the prehistoric context and the magnitude of water availability today. This paper examines human ecodynamic factors related to the legacy of Muisca chiefdoms in the Leiva Valley and relevant issues of heritage in an Andean region undergoing rapid socio-economic change.
    [Show full text]
  • La Plaza De Bolívar Te Cuenta Su Historia Johanna Cepeda Pardo Hernando Rocha Garzón
    LA PLAZA DE BOLÍVAR TE CUENTA SU HISTORIA JOHANNA CEPEDA PARDO HERNANDO ROCHA GARZÓN LA PLAZA DE BOLÍVAR TE CUENTA SU HISTORIA BOGOTÁ D.C. 2008 A Bogotá D. C. en sus 470 años de fundación. “La plaza es referencia física y cultural, es orientación y es también pasado: allí la puede leer cada uno de los habitantes, a través de mil historias personales que se desarrollan en su marco. …la plaza es un lugar afectivo para la comunidad y para cada uno de los habitantes... …no se concibe la idea de ciudad, cualquiera sea su escala, sin el parque central, sitio de encuentro, sede del poder, referencia de la trama urbana, depositario de la memoria y del presente, del mundo propio de sus ciudadanos”. Juan Carlos Pérgolis “El Patrimonio Cultural Urbanístico es el conjunto de bienes de la ciudad que constituye la manifestación tangible de cómo el hombre ha resuelto su necesidad de espacio habitable y de vida en sociedad a través de la historia, soportados en sus propios ideales y en aquellos contenidos culturales, en buena parte expresados en la arquitectura y la ciudad heredada de sus ancestros, que les permite reconocerse a sí mismos y procurarse una vida plena, en armonía con los demás y con el universo” Camilo Mendoza Laverde PRESENTACIÓN Bogotá, el Distrito Capital de la República de Colombia, está ubicado a 2640 metros sobre el nivel del mar, en una meseta de la Cordillera Oriental de los Andes, a los 4º35´56” de latitud norte y 74º04´51”de longitud oeste del Meridiano de Greenwich.
    [Show full text]
  • Valorisation of Clay Minerals from the Department of Boyacá (Colombia) for the Production of Vitrified Ceramic Materials
    CASTELLÓN (ESPAÑA) VALORISATION OF CLAY MINERALS FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF BOYACÁ (COLOMBIA) FOR THE PRODUCTION OF VITRIFIED CERAMIC MATERIALS Nubia E. Céspedes Prieto (1), Ulises Fonseca González (2), Jesús S. Valencia Ríos (3), Juan B. Carda Castelló (1) (1) Solid State Group, Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Universitat Jaume I de Castelló, Castelló de la Plana (Spain) (2) Centro Minero Regional Boyacá, Servicio Nacional de Aprendizaje – SENA, Sogamoso (Colombia) (3) Laboratorio de Catálisis Heterogénea, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá (Colombia) ABSTRACT This study has allowed the technical and scientific potential to be studied of clay materials from the Department of Boyacá, in particular from the municipalities of Sogamoso, Ráquira, and Cómbita, by the ceramic characterisation of these materials. This has provided extensive knowledge of these clays, with the prospect of providing them with greater added value. The instrumental characterisation focused on the following tests: mineralogical analyses by X-ray diffraction (XRD); chemical characterisation by X-ray fluorescence (XRF); and evaluation of physico–ceramic properties such as linear shrinkage, porosity, and mechanical strength. This was considered key information for the development of possible applications in the field of science and ceramic technology. www.qualicer.org 1 CASTELLÓN (ESPAÑA) 1. INTRODUCTION Colombia is an emerging economy with great economic potential in its regions, as reflected in the ANDI 2012–2013 report, witness a per capita GDP of US$ 8,127[1]. It is the fourth largest economy in Latin America, after Argentina, Mexico, and Brazil. Consequently, it occupies a key position in fostering investigations aimed at technological development and innovation, which attract great interest for investment as part of government policy.
    [Show full text]
  • Rutas Tróficas En Macrozooplancton Del Lago De Tota – Boyacá, Colombia
    UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGÓGICA Y TECNOLÓGICA DE COLOMBIA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS - ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS - POSGRADOS PROGRAMA DE POSGRADO: MAESTRÍA EN CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS RUTAS TRÓFICAS EN MACROZOOPLANCTON DEL LAGO DE TOTA – BOYACÁ, COLOMBIA LUZ NIDIA GIL PADILLA UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGÓGICA Y TECNOLÓGICA DE COLOMBIA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS PROGRAMA DE MAESTRÍA EN CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS TUNJA, BOYACÁ OCTUBRE 2016 2 RUTAS TRÓFICAS EN MACROZOOPLANCTON DEL LAGO DE TOTA – BOYACÁ, COLOMBIA RUTAS TRÓFICAS EN MACROZOOPLANCTON DEL LAGO DE TOTA – BOYACÁ, COLOMBIA LUZ NIDIA GIL PADILLA Requisito parcial para optar al título de: MAGISTER EN CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS DIRIGIDO POR: NELSON JAVIER ARANGUREN RIAÑO Ph. D. Docente Asociado Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia CODIRIGIDO POR: JONATHAN B. SHURIN Ph. D. Docente Asociado Universidad de California, San Diego EE.UU. UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGÓGICA Y TECNOLÓGICA DE COLOMBIA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS PROGRAMA DE MAESTRÍA EN CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS TUNJA, BOYACÁ OCTUBRE 2016 Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia 3 CERTIFICADO DE ORIGINALIDAD NELSON JAVIER ARANGUREN RIAÑO, Doctor en Ciencias – Biología, Docente asociado a la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia y el codirector JONATHAN BAIN SHURIN, Doctor en Filosofía, Docente titular de la Universidad de California, San Diego, Estados Unidos CERTIFICAN: Que el trabajo de grado realizado bajo mi dirección y codirección por Luz Nidia Gil Padilla titulado “RUTAS TRÓFICAS EN MACROZOOPLANCTON DEL LAGO DE TOTA BOYACÁ - COLOMBIA ”, reúne las condiciones de originalidad requeridas para optar al título de Magister en Ciencias Biológicas otorgado por la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia. Y para que así conste, firmamos la siguiente certificación en Tunja, a los 11 días del mes de octubre del 2016.
    [Show full text]
  • Fiebre Tropical
    FIEBRE TROPICAL A Written Creative Work submitted to the faculty of San Francisco State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree A6 3 6 Master of Fine Arts 70IS C. .li In Creative Writing by Juliana Delgado Lopera San Francisco, California May 2015 Copyright by Juliana Delgado Lopera 2015 CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL I certify that I have read Fiebre Tropical by Juliana Delgado Lopera, and that in my opinion this work meets the criteria for approving a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree Master of Fine Arts in Creative Writing: Fiction at San Francisco State University. Toni Mirosevich, MFA Professor of Creative Writing FIEBRE TROPICAL Juliana Delgado Lopera San Francisco, California 2015 Fiebre Tropical traces the life of 15-year-old Francisca after moving from Bogota to Miami with her evangelical Christian family in search of a better life. Francisca is dragged to the Colombian Christian church where she later discovers her queemess and falls for the pastor’s daughter. The narrative also traces the life of Mami (Francisca’s mother) and La Tata (grandmother) in their own previous migrations. A story of migration and loneliness, womanhood and queemess. I certify that the abstract is a correct representation of the content of this written creative ) z ~ Date 1 CHAPTER UNO Yes, hello, si buenos dfas immigrant criolla here reporting from our ant-infested townhouse. The-air-conditioner broke sometimes too. And below it the T.V, the pearl couch—we were there, used and new, there, full of bones and under-vaccinated.
    [Show full text]
  • Plan De Manejo Parque Nacional Natural Sumapaz
    PLAN DE MANEJO PARQUE NACIONAL NATURAL SUMAPAZ PARQUE NACIONAL NATURAL SUMAPAZ PLAN BÁSICO DE MANEJO 2005 PARQUE NACIONAL NATURAL SUMAPAZ DR. ALVARO URIBE VÉLEZ Presidente de la República DRA. SANDRA SUAREZ Ministra de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial DRA. JULIA MIRANDA Directora General Parques Nacionales Naturales Comité de Dirección Parques Nacionales Naturales ELSSYE MORALES DE ALCALÁ Asesora Coordinación de Territoriales CARMEN CONSTANZA ATUESTA Asesora Despacho Dirección General CARLOS ARROYO Asesor Comunidades Indígenas MARCELA CAÑÓN Asesora Dirección General CARLOS MARIO TAMAYO Asesor Coordinación de Servicios CESAR REY Subdirector Técnico ALFONSO CANO Asesor Comunicaciones ANDRÉS FELIPE GARCÍA Coordinador Grupo de Planeación, Seguimiento y SIG JUAN MANUEL SABOGAL Coordinadora Grupo Jurídico NURIA CONSUELO VILLADIEGO MEDINA Subdirectora Administrativa y Financiera LUIS ALBERTO ORTÍZ Coordinador Control Interno Dirección Territorial Amazonia Orinoquia RODRIGO BOTERO Director DIANA CASTELLANOS Profesional 19 2 PARQUE NACIONAL NATURAL SUMAPAZ AUTORES EQUIPO HUMANO PARQUE NACIONAL NATURAL SUMAPAZ WILLIAM ALBERTO ZORRO CAROLINA CUBILLOS ANDRÉS PATIÑO ELÍAS RODRÍGUEZ HERNANDO ANGEL ALBERTO TORRIJOS Apoyo SANDRA M. NAVARRETE Diagramación MARIO GONZÁLEZ 3 PARQUE NACIONAL NATURAL SUMAPAZ TABLA DE CONTENIDO 1. PRESENTACION GENERAL .................................................................................. 9 1. PRESENTACION GENERAL ................................................................................ 10 1.1 Marco
    [Show full text]