Morpheme Cards

Home , Antipathy, Morpheme, Opposite (semantics)

Teaching Resource

The Literacy Bug | [email protected] | www.theliteracybug.com Introduction

Over time, learners are able to identify small, meaningful parts of words that give us information on things like verb tense, singularity vs plural, meaning and parts of speech. These small units are known as morphemes, and they include linguistic units like the plural suffixes “-s” or “-es”, the tense suffixes “- ed” and “-ing”. prefixes like “re-” or “pre-”, or Latin roots such as “spec” meaning “see”. These linguistic units allow English speakers to express subtle elements of meaning within the word. Whilst English may have complex orthography (spelling), one can argue that many other languages have more complex morphologies, or uses of prefixes, suffixes, etc.

When learning about morpheme, learners also learn the rules that govern how to add morphemes to base words, such as the answers to such questions as “when do I drop the final “e” when adding “-ing”? or “when does the y turn to i?” or “when do I double the final consonant before adding a suffix?” This resource provides information about those little units that allow learners to express subtle meanings. through morphmes. Please enjoy and explore!

“Not caring, not feeling” a pathe tic not the quality of feeling

“A love for humankind; generosity” phil anthro py love the quality of mankind/humankind

The Literacy Bug | [email protected] | www.theliteracybug.com Morpheme Map all book mind kiloton vitamin life, lively faith, trust faith, omnipresent, omnipresent, one thousand [/l/ + /long o/] fidelity, infidelity, infidelity, fidelity, psychiatry, psychic psychiatry, mind, aware, think [/n/ + /short i/*] [/k/ + /long e/] fid- kilogram,kilometre, /v/ + /long i/ + /v/ /v/ + /long /s/ + /long i/ + /k/ /s/ + /long [/short o/ + /m/] + /f/ + /short i/ + /d/ viv- /v/ + /short i/ + /v/ psychology, psychosis, psychosis, psychology, /c/ + /short o/ + /g/ vivid,vivacious, vitality, neuro cognitive, cogitate cognitive, neuro omnipotent, omniscient, omnipotent, benefactor, bibliographer benefactor, kilo- + + /long e/ or /short i/] cognition, cogent, cognitive, cogent, cognition, omni- bibli- cog- [/b/ + /short i/ + /b/] + [/l/ bibliophile, bibliography, bible, bible, bibliography, bibliophile, psych- fiduciary, confidant,confidence fiduciary,

good equal empty, extract round, around circumlocution metamorphosis /c/ + /er/ + /k/ /s/ + /oo/ /d/ [/p/ + /long o/] equal,equivalent, /m/ + /or/ + /f/ evacuate, evacuee anthropomorphic, change, transform change, [/h/ + /long i/] equilateral, equinox equilateral, below, lower, under lower, below, morph, morphology, /v/ + /short a/ + /k/ benefactor, benevolent /b/ + /short e/ + /n/ fake,exact, not real not vacuum, vacuous, vacant*, vacant*, vacuous, vacuum, hypodermic, hypothermia, hypothermia, hypodermic, vac- circ- pseudoscience, pseudograph pseudoscience, hyposensitive, hypochondriac hyposensitive, ben- hypo- pseud- beneficial, benefit, benediction, benediction, benefit, beneficial, circle, circumference, circuitous, circuitous, circumference, circle, pseudo psychology , pseudonym, , pseudonym, psychology pseudo [/long e/] + [/kw/ + short i/] morph- equi-

self heat heat time small units within a word short o/] on its own ego, egomaniac ego, physical, physics, physics, physical, egocentric, egoist, egoist, egocentric, /th/ + /er/ + /m/ [/m/ + /long i/] above, beyond, over physician, biophysics physician, /f/ + /short i/ + /s/ chronicle,achronistic, automatic, automaton automatic, nature, natural bodies natural nature, thermal, thermometer, thermal,thermometer, [/k/ + /r/ + /long o/] microcosm,microbiotic hyperbolic, hypertension hyperbolic, microscopic, microscope, microscope, microscopic, chronology, chronometer chronology, autonomous, automobile, automobile, autonomous, hypothermia, geothermal hypothermia, hyperactive, hypersensitive, hypersensitive, hyperactive, hyper- /k/ + /r/ + /short o/ + /n/ chron- ego- [/aw/] + [/t/ + /long o/ or / [/long e/] + [/g/ /long o/] phys- [/h/ + /long i/] + [/p/ + /er/] auto- micro- therm-

light half water colour hidden /p/ + /t/ mediocre apocryphal apocryphal /ar/ + /ch/ chromotherapy head, chief, kind chief, head, /t/ + /er/ + /m/ [/d/ + /long e/] medium, median, medium, time, length of time hydraulic, hydrogen, hydrogen, hydraulic, /f/ + /long o/ + /t/ /f/ + /long [/m/ + /long e/] photon, photography, photography, photon, hydrophobia, hydrant hydrophobia, oligarchy, archdiocese oligarchy, archenemy, monarchy,archenemy, /k/ + /r/ + /short i/ + chromatic, chromatology, cryptic, crypt, cryptogram, crypt, cryptic, term,terminal, termination interminable,indeterminate /k/ + /r/ + /long o/ + /m/ photosynthesis, photoelectric photosynthesis, crypt- phot- hydr- medi- [/h/ + /long i/] + [/d/ + /r/] term- arch- chrom- meaningful

hand belief water sound long o/] far, far off off far far, aquamarine /aw/ + /kw/ + /kw/ /aw/ human(Latin teletransporter /s/ + /er/ + /t/ credit, credulous credit, confidently know confidently credible, incredible, incredible, credible, ascertain, certifiable ascertain,certifiable tel- or /short a/ + /kw manual,manuscript, telephone, television, television, telephone, /f/ + /long o/ + /n/ /f/ + /long /t/ + /short e/ + /l/ telephone, phonology, phonology, telephone, /m/ + /short a/ + /n/ phonogram,symphony* homogeneity, homonym, homogeneity, manufacture, manipulate manufacture, homosexual, homo sapien homo homosexual, aquatic,aquarium, aqueous, same, singular (Greek) … or or (Greek) … same,singular /k/ + /r/ + /short e/ + /d/ [/h/ + /long o/] [/m/ / homo- cert- certainty, certitude, certificate, certificate, certitude, certainty, aqu- phon- man- cred-

love large /k/ + /t/ instruction heterodyne space, stars bicentennial bicentennial one hundred philanthropy, philanthropy, mixed, diverse mixed, [/r/ + /long o/] [/short a/ + /n/] cosmic, cosmology, cosmic,cosmology, anthropomorphism form, formed, order order formed, form, [/h/ + /short e/] + /f/ + /short i/ + /l/ mankind, humankind structure, construction, structure, /s/ + /t/ + /short u/ + philosopher, bibliophile* philosopher, cosmopolitan, cosmonaut cosmopolitan, macrocosm,macroscopic, macrocytosis, macrobiotic macrocytosis, philanthropy, philanderer, philanthropy, + + [/th/ + /r/ + /long o/] [/t/ + /er/] + [/long o/] phil- anthropology, misanthrope, anthropology, [/m/ + /short a/ + /k/] + /s/ + /short e/ + /n/ + /t/ /k/ + /short o/ + /s/ + /m/ heterogenous, heterosexuality, heterosexuality, heterogenous, struct- centimetre, century, centipede, centipede, century, centimetre, cosm- cent- anthro- hetero- macro-

talk star body feeling meat, flesh [/long o/] incarnation interstellar circumlocution /k/ + /ar/ + /n/ sympathy, apathy, sympathy, empathy, antipathy empathy, relating to farming geography, graphics geography, [/k/ + /or/] + [/p/] stellar, constellation, constellation, stellar, locution, interlocuter, interlocuter, locution, writing, representing agrarian,agribusiness incorporate,corporate agronomy, agriculture, /p/ + /short a/ + /th/ dysgraphia, orthography, dysgraphia, [/l/ + /long o/ /k/] [/short a/ + /g/] + [/r/] agr- corpus, corporal, corpulent, /g/ + /r/ + /short a/ + /f/ corp- /s/ + /t/ + /short e/ + /l/ stell- carnal,carnivore, carnivorous, locu- path- carn- graph- or life earth + /w/] against wisdom language bitter, stinging bitter, contra-political linguistic, lingual, linguistic, acridity,acrimony geologist, geology, geology, geologist, Morphemes - the smallest, Common Greek/Latin Roots [/short a/ + /k/] acrimonious,acrid, + + [/r/ + /short i/] sophist, philosophy, philosophy, sophist, geometry, geocentric geometry, multilingual, linguist multilingual, panacea, pan-pacific, panacea,pan-pacific, pantheism, panorama pantheism, /s/ + /short o/ + /f/ over all, all, across all /p/ + /short a/ + /n/ /s/ + /long o/ + /f/ /s/ + /long bio- [/k/ + /short o/ + /n/] + + [/t/ + /r/ + /schwa/] biology, biography, biotic, biography, biology, sophisticated, sophistication sophisticated, abiotic, antibiotic, biosphere antibiotic, abiotic, acri- lingu- pan- geo- [/g/ + /long e/] [/long o/] [/b/ + /long i/] + [/short o/] [/l/ + /short i/ + /ng/] + [/g/ contradict,contravene, contrast, soph- contra- writing) two, twice single, one summation without, not a- /b/ + /long i/ /b/ + /long between, across between, bi- binaural,bipolar asymmetrical, atheist asymmetrical, monologue, monopoly monologue, /short a/ or /long a/ long o/ or /short o/] /sh/ + /schwa/ + /n/ /sh/ + /schwa/ apathy, amoral,apathy, abiotic, bicycle, bilateral, biannual,bilateral, bicycle, monolingual,monotonous, noun (common in academic in (common noun international,interpersonal, -tion [/short i/ + /n/] + [/t/ + /er/] creation, dictation, detection, detection, creation,dictation, mono- intersect, interpolate, internet interpolate, intersect, or when we turn a verb into inter- [/m/ + /short o/] + [/n/ + / the nominalisation of a verb … many many beautiful ful being full of … of full being [/t/ + /long e/] [/t/ one, single, once + [/t/ /long e/] + [/l/ /long e] universe,unibrow [/short a/ + /n/] + - [/p/ + /short o/] antidote, antibiotic antidote, /f/ + /schwa/ + /l/ /f/ + /schwa/ polypeptide, polyglot polypeptide, [/m/ + /short u/ + /l/] uni- multiply, multicoloured multiply, multigrain, multicultural, multigrain,multicultural, unicycle, unite, unilateral, unite, unicycle, /long u/ + /n/ + /short i/ cheerful, deceitful, colourful, colourful, deceitful, cheerful, anti- against, opposed to, opposite against, /long u/ + /n/ + /long e/ or u/ + /n/ /long /long polygon, polyester, polytechnic, polytechnic, polyester, polygon, poly- antipathy, antithesis, anticlimax, antithesis, antipathy, multi- not five wispy (noun) -y /l/ + /long i/ + /long /l/ quality of fun) liable, enviable enviable liable, in- /short i/ + /n/ bad, evil, poorly evil, bad, ship /schwa/ + /b/ /l/ /schwa/ with, joined,with,together /m/ + /schwa/ + /l/ /m/ + /schwa/ pentecost, pentadactyl pentagon, pentameter, /k/ + /short o/ + /n/ an adjective or concept anadjectiveor having the quality of … … of quality the having /sh/ + /short i/ + /p/ independent, incredible incredible independent, incorrect, inconsiderate, maligned, malnourished maligned, malevolent, maladapted, maladapted, malevolent, congregate, concurrently /k/ + /schwa/ + /n/ or /k/ + /schwa/ able censorship, workmanship censorship, capable, affable, enjoyable, enjoyable, affable, capable, connect, continue, conjoin, continue, connect, funny, slimy, happy, angry, funny,slimy,happy, - /p/ + /short e/ + /n/ + /t/ mal- the qualify of … noun form of con- has the quality ofhas(“funny” the quality the pent- often indicates that something friendship, mateship, hardship, mateship, friendship, - four verbs solidify nervously not, lacking … common in many /l/ + /long i/ + /long /l/ -ly /f/ + /long i/ /f/ + /long -fy vanish, establish /short i/ + /sh/ through … across /short e/ + /ks/ or ex- /kw/ + /aw/ + /d/ + /aw/ /kw/ diachronic,diaspora -ish quadrupled, quadrant quadrupled, nonsense, nonexistent nonsense, quadrangle,quadbike, exit, exclude, external, exclude, exit, /n/ + /short o/ + /n/ of words (or the “how”) (or ofwords quickly, silently, happily, happily, quickly, silently, keep out, outside, former keep out, outside, nonevent,noncommittal, dia- exoskeleton, ex-president exoskeleton, sheepish, selfish, publish, publish, selfish, sheepish, of … non- [/d/ + /long i/] + [short a] diameter, diagonal,diagnosis, diameter, the act of … to turn into (verb) into turn the actto of… being like or having the quality quality the having or like being often indicates the adverb form crucify, liquify, exemplify, deify, deify, liquify,exemplify, crucify, quad- writing) perceptive /k/ + /long 0/ /k/ + /long /short i/ + /v/ /short i/ + /ng/ hopping, running hopping, disengage, discard disengage, before or supportive or before not, failed to, wrong not, failed dis- /p/ + /r/ + /long o/ together, partnership co- misnomer,misbehave /d/ + /short i/ + /s/ /m/ + /short i/ + /s/ -ive /zh/ + /schwa/ + /n/ + /schwa/ /zh/ having the quality of … … of quality the having supervision,conclusion expressive, cooperative, cooperative, expressive, -ing walking, trading, seeing, mis- coproduction, cofounder, cofounder, coproduction, not, do not recognise pro- either indicates the present present the indicates either prologue, proceed, propose, copilot, coexist, coincidence coexist, copilot, noun (common in academic in (common noun -sion participle or the gerund form or when we turn a verb into misunderstand, misanthropic,misunderstand, decisive, inquisitive, collective, inquisitive, collective, decisive, probable, proclaim, pronounce probable, the nominalisation of a verb … collision, permission, cohesion, cohesion, permission, collision, disagree, disappear, disappoint, disappoint, disappear, disagree, both after malicious (adjective) /f/ + /or/ (had) discussed (had) /short u/ + /s/ -ist [/short a/ + /m/] /schwa/ + /s/ or /schwa/ sociologist, scientist sociologist, before … to go before go to … before /short i/ + /s/ + /t/ before, come before come before, -ed /p/ + /r/ + /short e/ having the quality of … of quality the having posthumous, postnatal, posthumous, walked, jumped, traded jumped, walked, /p/ + /r/ + /long e/ or ambivalent,(amphibian) pianist, sexist, dramatist, pianist,sexist, preview, precede, preface, preface, precede, preview, pre- -ous ambiguous, ambidextrous, ambidextrous, ambiguous, + + [/b/ + /long e/ or schwa] /p/ + /long o/ + /s/ /t/ /p/ + /long pretreat, prepare, preschool prepare, pretreat, a verb or the past participle the past participle or a verb aqueous, vacuous, conscious, aqueous, forebear, forecast, forebode /d/ or /t/ or /schwa/ + /d/ person with a particular trait postpone, postgame, posterior posterior postgame, postpone, ambi- fore- post- either indicates the past tense of tense past the indicates either foreshadow, foreword, foreman, foreword, foreshadow, xes ﬃ hostility of a verb discusses discusses repeat, reuse repeat, above, beyond /t/ + /long e/ + /long /t/ /r/ + /long e/ /schwa/ + /s/ /schwa/ -ty superb, superior superb, re- under, less, below -es repeat … do again presence of being … compile, commingle compile, without … (adjective) … without /l/ + /short e/ + /s/ /s/ + /short u/ + /b/ dishes, washes, crosses, crosses, washes, dishes, /k/ + /short o/ + /m/ together, bring together superfluous, superscript, superscript, superfluous, the quality of being … the subpar, submit, substitute subpar,submit, -less spotless, homeless, useless homeless, spotless, identity, cruelty, mortality, cruelty, identity, sub- careless, fearless, nameless, return,revisit, rerun, recap, complete, compare, comfort, [/s/ + /long oo/] + [/p/ + /er] subtract, submarine,subtract, subzero, com- of a noun or the singular form either indicates the plural form form plural the indicates either super-

/s/ unveil within schwa] schwa] debates of a verb -s (adjective) three, thrice anadjective intracultural promiscuous abnormal, bad abnormal, tri- triennial,tripod /short u/ + /n/ dystopia, dysgraphia dystopia, un- not … the opposite of not … the opposite ness /d/ + /short i/ + /s/ Common Preﬁxes /n/ + /short e/ + /s/ happiness, wickedness, wickedness, happiness, intrapersonal,intranet, having the quality of … of quality the having /t/ + /r/ + /long i/ or uous /t/ + /r/ + /short i/ or untie, undo, unconscious, undo,unconscious, untie, dys- tricycle, triplicate, trifecta, trifecta, triplicate, tricycle, dogs, ducks,walks, dogs, jumps, /long u/ + /short u/ + /s/ suspiciousness, peacefulness suspiciousness, intra- the qualify of … noun form of [/short i/ + /n/] + [/t/ + /r/ +/ - /long u/ + /schwa/ + /s/ or u/ + /schwa/ /long of a noun or the singular form Common Su either indicates the plural form form plural the indicates either vacuous, virtuous, conspicuous, vacuous,virtuous, conspicuous, dysfunction, dyslexia, dysplasia, dysplasia, dyslexia, dysfunction, -

The Literacy Bug | [email protected] | www.theliteracybug.com Adding Inﬂectional Endings

Adding -s or -es dog dogs does not end in “s” add “-s” glass glasses ends with “s” or “ch” add “-es”

Adding -ing hop hopping CVC hope hoping CVCC Adding -ed bat batted CVC look looked CVVC

The Literacy Bug | [email protected] | www.theliteracybug.com More Rules on Inﬂectional Endings

The Literacy Bug | [email protected] | www.theliteracybug.com Preﬁxes

The Literacy Bug | [email protected] | www.theliteracybug.com un- re- pre-

/short u/ + /n/ /r/ + /long e/ /p/ + /r/ + /long e/ or /p/ + /r/ + /short e/

not … the opposite of repeat … do again before … to go before

untie, undo, unconscious, return, revisit, rerun, recap, preview, precede, preface, unveil repeat, reuse pretreat, prepare, preschool dis- ex- in-

/d/ + /short i/ + /s/ /short e/ + /ks/ /short i/ + /n/

not, do not, not recognise keep out, outside, former not

disagree, disappear, disappoint, disengage, exit, exclude, external, incorrect, inconsiderate, discard exoskeleton, ex-president independent, incredible uni- bi- tri-

/long u/ + /n/ + /long e/ or /b/ + /long i/ /t/ + /r/ + /long i/ or /long u/ + /n/ + /short i/ /t/ + /r/ + /short i/ or

two, twice one, single, once three, thrice

unicycle, unite, unilateral, bicycle, bilateral, biannual, tricycle, triplicate, trifecta, universe, unibrow binaural, bipolar triennial, tripod sub- post- mis-

/s/ + /short u/ + /b/ /p/ + /long o/ + /s/ + /t/ /m/ + /short i/ + /s/

under, less, below after not, failed to, wrong subtract, submarine, subzero, postpone, postgame, posterior misunderstand, misanthropic, subpar, submit, substitute posthumous, postnatal, misnomer, misbehave non- mal- anti-

/n/ + /short o/ + /n/ /m/ + /schwa/ + /l/ [/short a/ + /n/] + [/t/ + /long e/]

not, lacking bad, evil, poorly against, opposed to, opposite

nonevent, noncommittal, malevolent, maladapted, antipathy, antithesis, nonsense, nonexistent maligned, malnourished anticlimax, antidote, antibiotic inter- intra- super-

[/s/ + /long oo/] + [/p/ + /er] [/short i/ + /n/] + [/t/ + /er/] [/short i/ + /n/] + [/t/ + /r/ +/schwa]

between, across within above, beyond

international, interpersonal, intrapersonal, intranet, superfluous, superscript, intersect, interpolate, internet intracultural superb, superior fore- pro- quad-

/kw/ + /aw/ + /d/ /f/ + /or/ /p/ + /r/ + /long o/

four before, come before before or supportive

foreshadow, foreword, prologue, proceed, propose, quadrangle, quadbike, foreman, forebear, forecast, probable, proclaim, quadrupled, quadrant forebode pronounce pent- multi- a-

/p/ + /short e/ + /n/ + /t/ [/m/ + /short u/ + /l/] /short a/ or /long a/ + [/t/ + /long e/]

five without, not many

pentagon, pentameter, multigrain, multicultural, apathy, amoral, abiotic, pentecost, pentadactyl multiply, multicoloured asymmetrical, atheist dys- com- ambi-

[/short a/ + /m/] /k/ + /short o/ + /m/ /d/ + /short i/ + /s/ + [/b/ + /long e/ or schwa]

together, bring together abnormal, bad both

dysfunction, dyslexia, complete, compare, comfort, dysplasia, dystopia, ambiguous, ambidextrous, compile, commingle dysgraphia ambivalent, (amphibian) co- dia- con-

/k/ + /long 0/ [/d/ + /long i/] + [short a] /k/ + /schwa/ + /n/ or /k/ + /short o/ + /n/

together, partnership through … across with, joined, together

coproduction, cofounder, diameter, diagonal, diagnosis, connect, continue, conjoin, copilot, coexist, coincidence diachronic, diaspora congregate, concurrently poly- mono-

[/p/ + /short o/] [/m/ + /short o/] + [/n/ + /long + [/l/ + /long e] o/ or /short o/]

many single, one

polygon, polyester, polytechnic, polypeptide, monolingual, monotonous, polyglot monologue, monopoly Sufﬁxes

The Literacy Bug | [email protected] | www.theliteracybug.com -s -es -ed

/s/ /schwa/ + /s/ /d/ or /t/ or /schwa/ + /d/

either indicates the plural either indicates the plural either indicates the past tense form of a noun or the form of a noun or the of a verb or the past participle singular form of a verb singular form of a verb

dogs, ducks, walks, jumps, dishes, washes, crosses, walked, jumped, traded debates discusses (had) discussed -ing -ly -y /l/ + /long i/ /short i/ + /ng/ /l/ + /long i/ often indicates that something either indicates the present often indicates the adverb has the quality of (“funny” the participle or the gerund form form of words (or the “how”) quality of fun)

walking, trading, seeing, quickly, silently, happily, funny, slimy, happy, angry, hopping, running nervously wispy -ness -some -ship /s/ + /schwa/ + /m/ /sh/ + /short i/ + /p/ /n/ + /short e/ + /s/ /s/ + /short u/ + /m/

the qualify of … noun form of the qualify of … noun form of the qualify of … noun form of an adjective or concept an adjective an adjective

friendship, mateship, happiness, wickedness, handsome, fearsome, hardship, censorship, suspiciousness, peacefulness tiresome, lonesome workmanship -ment -tion -ty /m/ + /short e/ + /n/ + /t/ /t/ + /long e/ /sh/ + /schwa/ + /n/

the nominalisation of a verb the quality of being … the noun form of a verb concept … or when we turn a verb presence of being … into a noun (common in academic writing) establishment, embodiment, identity, cruelty, mortality, embarrassment, disagreement creation, dictation, hostility detection, summation -ish -able -logy

/short i/ + /sh/ /schwa/ + /b/ + /l/ /l/ + /short o/ + /j/ + /long e/ being like or having the or /l/ + /schwa/ + /j/ + /long e/ quality of … or … common in many verbs having the quality of … (noun) the study of … (noun) sheepish, selfish, publish, vanish, establish capable, affable, enjoyable, psychology, biology, geology, liable, enviable phonology -ous -ic -ive

/schwa/ + /s/ or /short i/ + /k/ /short i/ + /v/ /short u/ + /s/

having the quality of … having the quality of … having the quality of … (adjective) decisive, inquisitive, collective, acidic, basic, terrific, expressive, cooperative, aqueous, vacuous, conscious, specific, acerbic perceptive malicious -ance -dom -ence

/schwa/ + /n/ + /s/ /short e/ + /n/ + /s/ /d/ + /schwa/ + /m/

characterised by (noun) characterised by (noun) characterised by (noun)

reliance, defiance, variance, independence, permanence, freedom, boredom, endurance, alliance maintenance, preference martyrdom, kingdom, wisdom -fy -hood -uous

/f/ + /long i/ /h/ + /long oo/ + /d/ /long u/ + /schwa/ + /s/ or /long u/ + /short u/ + /s/ the act of … to turn into (verb) characterised by (noun) having the quality of … (adjective) crucify, liquify, exemplify, deify, falsehood, neighbourhood, vacuous, virtuous, solidify parenthood, motherhood conspicuous, promiscuous -ist -ism -ful

/short i/ + /s/ + /t/ /short i/ + /z/ + /m/ /f/ + /schwa/ + /l/

person with a particular trait characterised by (noun) being full of …

pianist, sexist, dramatist, fascism, pacificism, optimism, cheerful, deceitful, colourful, sociologist, scientist pessimism beautiful -less -sion /zh/ + /schwa/ + /n/ /l/ + /short e/ + /s/ the nominalisation of a verb … or when we turn a verb into a noun (common in without … (adjective) academic writing)

collision, permission, careless, fearless, nameless, cohesion, omission, spotless, homeless, useless supervision, conclusion Roots

The Literacy Bug | [email protected] | www.theliteracybug.com acri- agr- anthro-

[/short a/ + /n/] [/short a/ + /k/] [/short a/ + /g/] + [/r/] + [/th/ + /r/ + /long o/] + [/r/ + /short i/]

mankind, humankind bitter, stinging relating to farming

anthropology, misanthrope, acrimonious, acrid, agronomy, agriculture, philanthropy, acridity, acrimony agrarian, agribusiness anthropomorphism aqu- arch- auto-

/aw/ + /kw/ /ar/ + /ch/ [/aw/] + [/t/ + /long o/ or / or /short a/ + /kw short o/]

head, chief, kind water on its own

archenemy, monarchy, autonomous, automobile, aquatic, aquarium, aqueous, oligarchy, archdiocese automatic, automaton aquamarine ben- bibli- bio- [/b/ + /short i/ + /b/] + [/l/ /b/ + /short e/ + /n/ + /long e/ or /short i/] [/b/ + /long i/] + [/short o/]

good book life beneficial, benefit, benediction, bibliophile, bibliography, bible, biology, biography, biotic, benefactor, benevolent benefactor, bibliographer abiotic, antibiotic, biosphere carn- cent- cert-

/k/ + /ar/ + /n/ /s/ + /short e/ + /n/ + /t/ /s/ + /er/ + /t/

meat, flesh one hundred confidently know

carnal, carnivore, carnivorous, centimetre, century, centipede, certainty, certitude, certificate, incarnation bicentennial ascertain, certifiable chrom- chron- circ-

/k/ + /r/ + /long o/ + /m/ /k/ + /r/ + /short o/ + /n/ /c/ + /er/ + /k/ colour time round, around chromatic, chromatology, chronicle, achronistic, chromotherapy chronology, chronometer circle, circumference, circuitous, circumlocution cog- contra- corp-

[/k/ + /short o/ + /n/] /c/ + /short o/ + /g/ + [/t/ + /r/ + /schwa/] [/k/ + /or/] + [/p/]

mind, aware, think against body

cognition, cogent, cognitive, contradict, contravene, contrast, corpus, corporal, corpulent, neuro cognitive, cogitate contra-political incorporate, corporate cosm- cred- crypt-

/k/ + /r/ + /short i/ + /k/ + /short o/ + /s/ + /m/ /k/ + /r/ + /short e/ + /d/ /p/ + /t/

space, stars belief hidden

cosmic, cosmology, cryptic, crypt, cryptogram, cosmopolitan, cosmonaut credible, incredible, credit, credulous apocryphal ego- equi- ﬁd-

[/long e/] + [/g/ + /long o/] [/long e/] + [/kw/ + short i/] /f/ + /short i/ + /d/

self equal faith, trust

egocentric, egoist, equal, equivalent, fidelity, infidelity, ego, egomaniac equilateral, equinox fiduciary, confidant, confidence geo- graph- hetero-

[/h/ + /short e/] + /g/ + /r/ + /short a/ + /f/ [/g/ + /long e/] + [/long o/] [/t/ + /er/] + [/long o/]

writing, representing earth mixed, diverse

dysgraphia, orthography, heterogenous, heterosexuality, geologist, geology, geography, graphics geometry, geocentric heterodyne homo- hydr- hyper- [/h/ + /long o/] + [/m/ + / long o/] [/h/ + /long i/] + [/p/ + /er/] [/h/ + /long i/] + [/d/ + /r/]

same, singular (Greek) … or above, beyond, over human (Latin water

hyperactive, hypersensitive, homogeneity, homonym, hydraulic, hydrogen, hyperbolic, hypertension homosexual, homo sapien hydrophobia, hydrant hypo- kilo- lingu-

[/h/ + /long i/] + [/k/ + /long e/] + [/l/ + /short i/ + /ng/] + [/g/ [/p/ + /long o/] [/l/ + /long o/] + /w/]

below, lower, under one thousand language

hypodermic, hypothermia, kilogram, kilometre, linguistic, lingual, hyposensitive, hypochondriac kiloton multilingual, linguist locu- macro- man-

[/l/ + /long o/ + /k/] + [/m/ + /short a/ + /k/] + /m/ + /short a/ + /n/ [/long o/] [/r/ + /long o/]

hand talk large

manual, manuscript, locution, interlocuter, macrocosm, macroscopic, manufacture, manipulate circumlocution macrocytosis, macrobiotic medi- micro- morph-

/m/ + /or/ + /f/ [/m/ + /long e/] + [/m/ + /long i/] + [/d/ + /long e/] [/k/ + /r/ + /long o/] change, transform half small morph, morphology, microscopic, microscope, anthropomorphic, medium, median, metamorphosis mediocre microcosm, microbiotic omni- pan- path-

[/short o/ + /m/] + [/n/ + /short i/*] /p/ + /short a/ + /n/ /p/ + /short a/ + /th/

all over all, all, across all feeling

omnipotent, omniscient, panacea, pan-pacific, sympathy, apathy, omnipresent, pantheism, panorama empathy, antipathy phil- phon- phot-

/f/ + /short i/ + /l/ /f/ + /long o/ + /n/ /f/ + /long o/ + /t/

love sound light

philanthropy, philanderer, telephone, phonology, photon, photography, philosopher, bibliophile* phonogram, symphony* photosynthesis, photoelectric phys- pseud- psych-

/s/ + /oo/ + /d/ /f/ + /short i/ + /s/ /s/ + /long i/ + /k/

fake, not exact, not real nature, natural bodies mind

psychology, psychosis, pseudo psychology , pseudonym, psychiatry, psychic physical, physics, pseudoscience, pseudograph physician, biophysics soph- stell- struct-

/s/ + /t/ + /short u/ + /s/ + /long o/ + /f/ or /k/ + /t/ /s/ + /short o/ + /f/ /s/ + /t/ + /short e/ + /l/

form, formed, order wisdom star

structure, construction, sophist, philosophy, stellar, constellation, instruction sophisticated, sophistication interstellar tel- term- therm-

/th/ + /er/ + /m/ /t/ + /short e/ + /l/ /t/ + /er/ + /m/

heat far, far off time, length of time

term, terminal, termination thermal, thermometer, telephone, television, hypothermia, geothermal teletransporter interminable, indeterminate vac- viv-

/v/ + /long i/ + /v/ /v/ + /short a/ + /k/ /v/ + /short i/ + /v/

empty, extract life, lively vacuum, vacuous, vacant*, vivid, vivacious, vitality, evacuate, evacuee vitamin Record Keeping

The Literacy Bug | [email protected] | www.theliteracybug.com Record Keeping

Teacher(s): Learner(s): Ages:

Date Morphemes Explored Words Explored How/Where Explored? Comment on Learning

At the end of the cycle, the following morphemes have been explored and mastered:

In the following word structures: CV VC CVC CVCe CVVC Compound Two-syllable Three-syllable

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