Ufos: a HISTORY
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'\...... _ i i . L f: L UFOs: c KENNETH ARNOLD, 1947 A ...,_ I 1 -L! ·- .#" HISTORY - ;- ·l i · ~~~~~~ Vol. 1: July 1947 - December 1948 ' '82 . GREEN. FIREBALLS,. 1948-1951 6f.tlrchild. --. UFOs: A HISTORY 1947, JULY-DECE~1BER Aminor catalogue of UFO reports and notations on various unofficial inquiries by individuals and privately funded organizations, as well as com mentaryon military investigations and governmental policies. Presented in chronological order. by LOREN E. GROSS Copyright © 1980 FREMONT, CALIFORNIA Other works by the author: Booklets: The UFO Wave of 1896 The Mystery of the Ghost Rockets Charles Fort, The Fortean Society, & UFOs Six articles in The Encyclopedia of UFOs, Edited by Ronald D. Story, Doubleday & Company, Inc., Garden City, N.Y., 1980: -Airship Wave of 1896 -Charles Fort -Fortean Society -"Flying Saucer" -Ghost Rockets of 1946 -war of the Worlds Broadcast A research paper for a 1976 conference on UFOs organized by Dr. J. Allen Hynek, Director of the Center for UFO Studies: "UFO NAVE OF 1947: CALIFORNIA, JUNE 2S- JULY 16, 1947" ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my deep appreciation to Vincent H. Gaddis for the gift of his UFO newspaper clipping collection that proved invaluable; and Dr. Herbert J. Strentz for the loan of microfilm he used to write his dissertation in journalism and public affairs: "A Survey of Press Coverage of Unidentified Flying Objects, 1947-1966." Dr. Strentz' research was in part supported by the 1968 Colorado UFO study and the microfilm he made available included: Air Force Blue Book reports, Letters from the public to the Air Force about UFOs, and the UFO news paper clipping file of the National Investigations Committee on Aerial Phenomena. Dr. Bruce Maccabee's work on obtaining FBI UFO documents was critical, and while the data has been already widely published, it was indispensable to the success of this history. He also added his personal encouragement and made available detailed notes . of his personal UFO investigations. Brad C. Sparks, who is proving to be the best of a new genera tion of UFO researchers, helped correct some errors in dates and names and in general gave excellent advice. Most of all, I would like to single out Stanton Friedman. His positive attitude and his suggestions were vital to the final completion of this research work, to say nothing of his allowing me access to his extensive collection of UFO material. Fremont, California October 10, 1980 Loren E. Gross ·-=~------------- ·-~~- - -·-··--·~ ! .• - ········~~~. • • • Pla11es 011 NOVA <"han~~ \ SC'l*Vir,"! t.ypt'>< ol 'Discs' Seen Nea:.: l • .. ' · . - ~ ., . l of the s . - ~\- §:·. -- ··;~ t :'·~· e··;... r. ;.,~ lnnvill<'. 'Ocala, Orlando · \ Coa.§t 1 . W. TA~t!'A, ~ ! j at <Ill alt Fla., July .(/Pl--The first rc,1ort from Florida. of flying : My~ ~ i He d 'May Be Something' 1 with a discs !imilar to those seen in · slh·rr 1 \V.,~tc1'1 !'ki~~ in r~>rE>nt days turn- I it app( cd up toda.y. • To Flying Saucl'r.~ Mrs.. r. r:. Harp or rH'<lt'by Lutz said that on 'March 30, as shP '''3.11' SAN FRAKCISC0--(;1')--' ; dri\'in;; i'<·L\'PI'n Ocala and Or- · P'' r:· · la :a!o sh~ : aw Sf'\'cral silvery .. '·-~-- . ·. :· ~~-·' o:'.· \..· .· t·. :, L. The Armv Air Fnrcrs alerted · discs I<E't>Jl appraring ar.rl <ii~ap- : 'r:ot and com;entional fighter · pt>ari;1g. It~~·~~; obo\Jt lla.m. oC a. · Re ~ \ 1 :)lanes on ch•a1 dav , the Pacific Coa:;t ; ,..lfr ~~~£.n•\'F'::t!'•nlti fhU10'ht~1" ':c.:;t~rday ---- - ···- .1111.' and e: ~~ • "e!'y of th l? B~ . !;" t".·4 rr~ tAt.l ·:]icb. in 1ii " j UD J;& ':=J ~©lueers 5aB!ing Yhrough TE ~~~~ndreds Of Amatel.u.r 0 b~. o ' .·. ' ~~~, ·.. - c-_-r ~~···~. ~\T 1§': !i. -~, ... J D 0 <:"": <""'.,~ .... i 1 • II 1l\. ''ij r:··.!.r-'l L•,~.···1 ,, .·'·' ~.......:... .. rT ____ , ____ _ _·:;:n 1i::s. E. J. H:l:?. of Lu'z. :utes whJie fiying west from jindicate "dir~cte>d motion, ra-~eastern states had their reports. -·10_saj~ s'w _sa.,•: t;-;·~ ob;'-'c.ts_ '2 i Boise, II..! a .. oni:Jd,!pe_nctcn.~~- day [t_her than chaotic." · Observers, ear!!cr an f.rom west ~-. .. ... '- . ... ... - P- c _ nil!_.!!. [L .......I ~-:-._,.~;;:~m~1rPJ- c:s f<?· ~ --_-- ~~~m-· ~E'K) ..~~ \:o;;.7 to ·~~o;;Hr ~ ~ ... ~ ~w 9 · (J;JJ Jl ~ uw ..:.. of _fear-oniy a b•.;rningJ :n the t'nited States, however,' She said they were circular and :;: m:nglt'd Wlth so:ne ap· i e!f?r_ts were bein~; made to get an! sil,·ery but at one time appeared >ron. ; o~i:c:al Photograph of the discs. I !ike a Ion~ pipe, thin. Eztrope -.. puzzling aspect of t:-te na·j~ol.. Al Dutt~m of _the Oregon Na-1 "There wa~ a blood-rerl flash at ·: watched <'nigma I'J! ~he; l.vn:.\1 Gunrd s:ud the gu11rd's 1 the rt>ar or the disc like a flame fil. i LONDON-t~Don't mention _J,S ',\·as a m!.'eting in :-.-e·.vjs9u~;dron had six Pc51 fighter/ or a bright li;:-ht," she s:1ict. Mrs. ~ls., those flying saucers on this side 2_!}~! ~la_mos ofiicia:s and i ?:'?-2:·_e_~ _(~t~ipp_:~--~:~t~ . _g:~s and ;\!cLeo~ ~aid_ s~;~ sa_w_· _t_h_c_d_is_c_a_t_. _._a_s'-',•,&;n.._r_.+bA __.~, tt,..,tic unless you're pre- ur 1e :By his ,pl.::ne's elock he ·til":lrd w~re,'7":::~re_,~ they. we>re. guided Ifrom whirh he_ vie''~ed the ob- :the ohjl'~t~ ai, er_ rol!ir;~ it -io~'lt. ~ ' em at 1':42 minutes for :he 47- m.ss •• e~. sa,d Arnol~. v.ho _eon- J~cts ''cou.d .~ake dli.Jcult a prl'·j He al!o derc!':hcli t~.!' ohjeets t;nued fl('Te en a btl.~iness t1't\'. r:se e~~::na,JOn of the1r speed. • ,.. .. _ . I• ...=~ i l e s !rom Mour.t Rainier to ··E;·erycnE tY error would not · as ·sat:::er·ll•e an<! tner!" r:iOtlon tC ~C'unt Ada~s, ~d Arno:d said, ~dd~d rue~l Flying Saucers; Dh·O!'~e. · 'that ~peed." "lilt~ a fi$h fl:p;:-in& ;n th~ :run." 1_ ng that he inter fi;::r!'d b,· sa:v 1t too 1f 'P't'•)-u-« J··'" ~~-C"t~:, D·m :·as closer than thE' .\tost!y, he said. he ..,..-.~ sur- !'ianguJation ;hat their .!p~ed v:r.s ed those t~ . :. --:' .~ .. J,... ·d·,~·.·H~· .. '-I·!·•· r.• -· .: • : ,t l4.COO !f't>t and pris~d at the wa,_·. thav. •wi•.ted 1200 miles an hour. \•:atched th ' ~"· ._o.c! l• ,c _ atry · ·''- ·' .. n,, .h of him. hi' s:aid, ' ' impos;iblE'. · 1r: dJv<">:·cc cour: yes:erd":·· •:-.._,r., . could ,. tlmate t!lr JUSt al:xl.-e the hi~her peali.s, al· - "I. could be w-ror:g Oy z~o or 5 10 mile5 an hou:.'' he adn".itt ~ci. Arnold 5 w:1s no my>:<:·ry about th: .'i·, ing · · objects berter be· mo;t P??f'arir:;: to bf:' threacing ~·Jt I k:1~"· l never saw anythjr g miles w~ 5 t :;o-..:l'ers in h:s hom~-!hl·:-' ;•.ere :-..-enin;: ?l'ak once tllctr "'4Y thrct:-:;h th!!' mou:,t.ains. ,,_. fa~t.." 1·oute from : -... iie-p~opel!ed. The jud.;e ;;! ,·,ted : 'if'w of them. HP "Ten thou~ar:d feet ts \'e!"; He said 11t first h~ t;~ou;:ht :t:,.y when l':r. 5i · Dur.b.lr, 35, a di\·orce. j :~k wa• Z5 mile~ !c·"· fnr tnythi~;; ,;omg a( that ....;.:.ere ~ec~:~. ~ut qu!ckiy saw t~ry ":-:nlaincC: h rPI3te<1. sp~~d." h~ ~ic_ c:·e too oig-as b!~: ·,s a De.. ; foi- a mar!nc \.VI'Ji~ Vtelu!'. 11 u~;,-! n~ ~!s<~ ~atCt th~y !trw !'n the ·: .\mold '.\·J.s {!y1nr a t'hr(te-oa~· ·:t ~·!UI: abo..:t:. Z' r.": ! ~'":- .,\~·n;o.·, h; Jr..;::' ~:.n:':O Ia~t nccrrnb~r. wnu~ ~e f wrsr ("tf"t' l)f Ha.Jr~!Pr :!r>ti , .. f,,~~ ; St":'1;'C!'. 1(!~~!"'-~~ ... :~ ... r-d n!an.- 1•. ,. l.· I• ... if super-vessels, or super-vehicles, have traversed this earth's atmosphere, there must be mergers between them and terrestrial phenomena: observations upon them must merge away into observations upon clouds and bal loons and meteors. We shall begin with data that we · cannot distinguish ourselves and work our way out of mergers into extremes. Charles Fort The Book of the Damned 1919 INTRODUCTION During the last months of World War II Germany bombarded the Allies with V-1 flying bombs and V-2 high trajectory rockets. While these weapons were developed too late to play a significant role in the outcome of the conflict, it was apparent such weapons would prove to be a vital part of the future arsenal of the major powers particularly with the advent of the nuclear age. The emergence of the Russian menace soon after the defeat of Hitler meant that any rocket research conducted by the Soviets was of intense interest to the United States. Drawing on the British experience in dealing with the Nazi v-weapon threat, the American government established a special Intelligence committee empowered to extract data from a wide variety of sources. The need to accurately assess Russian rocket hardware and technical competency was demonstrated by strange "ghost rocket" reports from the Baltic region during the Summer and Fall of 1946.