DOCSLIB.ORG

The Spatial and Topographic Distribution of Pit Craters on Mercury

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Spatial and Topographic Distribution of Pit Craters on Mercury 44th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2013) 2422.pdf THE SPATIAL AND TOPOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF PIT CRATERS ON MERCURY. Jeffrey Gillis- Davis1, Timothy A. Goudge2, James W. Head2, Zhiyong Xiao3,4, and Paul K. Byrne5.1University of Hawaii – Manoa, Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, 1680 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA ([email protected]); 2Department of Geological Sciences, Box 1846, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; 3Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; 4China University of Geo- sciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China, 430074; 5Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington DC, 20015, USA. Introduction: Global images of Mercury from the Results: Fig. 1 shows the global distribution of pit MESSENGER spacecraft have revealed more than 100 craters larger than 10 km. We categorized pit craters by pit craters [1,2], rimless depressions ranging from 10 geologic setting and by shape. Pits are found in three km to almost 80 km. Although a number of pits smaller different geologic settings: The floors of impact craters than 10 km have also been identified on Mercury [3,4], (77%), within intercrater plains (17%), and within ba- we make a distinction on the basis of size because pits sins (6%) (Fig. 1). Pit craters hosted within an impact less than 10 km across can be formed by multiple crater vary in shape from irregular, to arcuate, to circu- mechanisms, and the image resolution needed to assess lar. The shape of the pit crater is influenced by the loca- detailed morphology and discern a formation mecha- tion of the pit within its host impact crater. Pits more nism is not always adequate. We do not consider such centrally located on an impact crater floor are typically smaller features further in this work. circular, whereas those off-center tend to be elongate The size range of the pits mapped here, 10–80 km, and arcuate, conforming to the rim or an interior ring of is comparable to that for large calderas on Earth [5], the host crater. It has been inferred [1] that impact frac- Venus [6,7], and Mars [8,9]. Evidence in favor of a turing facilitated the loci of magma ascent and con- shallow, non-effusive igneous origin for Mercury’s pit trolled pit crater shape. In contrast, all pits outside of craters [1,3,4,10] includes (1) lack of evident impact impact craters are classified as irregularly shaped. The ejecta; (2) lack of raised rims; (3) irregular and often absence of arcuate intercrater pits suggests that impact arcuate outlines, unlike circular or near-circular outlines fracturing influenced pit morphology within craters. of impact craters; (4) general association with bright On a regional scale, some pit craters tend to be dis- and spectrally red material interpreted to be pyroclastic tributed in clusters or groupings, whereas others are deposits, (5) spatial association with volcanic smooth more isolated. We observe that in three locations the plains; and (6) lack of observable lava flows that cut groupings appear linear – connected by a white line in their rims. Gillis-Davis et al. [1] proposed a two-step Fig 1. The linear nature of some of the clusters suggests mechanism of formation: (1) emplacement of a near- a possible connection to a near-surface dike, under a surface magma chamber beneath an impact crater floor, scenario whereby a dike propagates to the near surface and (2) withdrawal of magma from or degassing of such a reservoir, thus weak- ening the chamber's roof, leading to roof collapse and the formation of the pit cra- ter. A variation on this theme (dike emplacement, degassing, explosive erup- tion, and collapse) has also been proposed [11]. Here we study the loca- tion, geologic context, and topographic occurrence of pit craters to examine fac- tors that might control their distribution (e.g., faults, thickness and density struc- Fig. 1. Distribution of pit craters on Mercury by morphologic type. MESSEN- ture of the crust, neutral GER albedo image mosaic, simple-cylindrical projection, centered on 0º, 180º. buoyancy zone, and persis- Basin locations, diameters, and confidence (green for certain yellow for prob- tence of shallow magma able) [13]. Labeled basins include Beethoven (B), Caloris (C), Chong-Gauguin reservoirs). (C-G), Matisse-Repin (M-R), Rembrandt (R), and Vy-Asa (V-A), and probable basins b30, b54, and b64 [13]. 44th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2013) 2422.pdf and has sufficient exsolved gas population of pit craters toward to form pits but is still too deep lower and middle elevations. No to form a graben [12]. All three predominance of pit craters in locations are in close proximity low elevations was observed. to visible lobate scarps. Al- But if pits formed in areas of low though no timing relationship topography they may be buried between the pits and the scarps by subsequent lava. For instance, can be established, the scarps do the northern volcanic plains oc- indicate the fractured nature of cupy an expansive area of low the crust in these locations. Fur- topography that has experienced thermore, the linear grouping of extensive volcanic resurfacing pits centered on 50°S, 10°E is [18]. However, these plains were also located along the rim of a probably formed by a high- possible basin, b54 in [13]. volume eruption [18], which Pit craters also occur along favors direct ascent of magma visible and possible basin rings. over stalling of magma in the At least eight pit craters, all but crust and subsequent formation one hosted within an impact cra- Fig. 2. Comparison of pit crater eleva- of a reservoir that would later ter, occur along known basin tion (black histogram) and histogram of collapse and form a pit. rims. Four pits are on the rim of northern hemisphere elevations, relative Conclusions: The presence Caloris, and one pit occurs on to a sphere of radius 2440 km [17]. of pit craters suggests that shal- the rim of each of the following low magma reservoirs existed basins: Beethoven, Chong-Gauguin, Rembrandt, and within the crust. Eruptions were not sustained over a Vy-Asa (Fig. 1). The lone intercrater pit in this category long duration of time, as that would have led to the con- occurs on the rim of Rembrandt basin. The locations of struction of large edifices, which are not observed. On three pit craters found to the west of the Matisse-Repin the basis of the spatial and topographic controls consid- basin, though not on the mapped rim of the basin, may ered here, we find that structural features play an im- have been influenced by the structure of the basin. portant but not controlling role in pit crater formation. There are also seven additional pit craters that occur on Approximately half of cataloged pits are associated the rims of probable basins: Five are on the rim of basin with observed or probable basin rims or form linear b30 (diameter 1390 km; 15.9°N, 21°E) [13], and one trends, which we infer are associated with shallow each is on the rim of Derzhavin-Sor Juana (diameter dikes. The remaining pit craters are more randomly but 580 km; 52.3°N, 28.3°E [13]) and b64 (diameter 310 not evenly distributed. The topographic distribution of km; 16.2°S, 160.8°E [13]). These pits may be calderas the remaining pit craters corresponds with the distribu- caused by intrusive dikes along subsurface fractures tion of topographic elevations in the northern hemi- that were created during basin formation. sphere, which suggests either a coincidental neutral Nonetheless, about half of the pit craters occur buoyancy zone in the mid level of the crust or, more without an apparent association to a structural (e.g., likely, that outside of structural controls pit crater for- basin rim or dike) feature. Many of these enigmatic pits mation is a process that is not influenced by the eleva- occur in an area of high topography south of Caloris tion at which it operates. (~10°S, 150°E), and some are scattered throughout the References: [1] Gillis-Davis, J.J., et al. (2009) EPSL, 285, 243. northern half of the western hemisphere. Furthermore, [2] Gillis-Davis, J.J., et al. (2012) LPS, 43, 2288. [3] Goudge, T.A., et pits do not occur along the margins of major volcanic al. (2012) LPS, 43, 1325 [4] Kerber, L., et al. (2011) Planet. Space deposits in the manner of floor-fractured craters and Sci., 59, 1895. [5] Lipman, P.W. (1999) in Encyclopedia of Volca- noes, p. 643. [6] Parfitt, L., and L. Wilson (2008) in Fundamentals of mare deposits on the Moon [14,15]. Physical Volcanology, p. 190. [7] Crumpler, L.S., et al. (1996) in In comparing the topographic elevations of pit cra- Venus II, p. 697. [8] Crumpler, L.S., et al. (1996) J. Geol. Soc. Lon- ters measured from global topography [16] with the don, 110, p.307. [9] Mouginis-Mark, P.J., et al. (2007), in The Geol- hypsometric curve derived for the northern hemisphere ogy of Mars: Evidence from Earth-Based Analogs, p. 71. [10] Head, from MESSENGER laser altimeter data [17], the two J.W., et al. (2008) Science, 321, 69. [11] Jozwiak, L.M., and J.W. distributions are similar (Fig. 2). The hypsometric dis- Head, (2012) LPSC 43, 2424. [12] Head, J.W., and L. Wilson (1992) GCA, 56, 2155. [13] Fassett, C.I., et al. (2012) JGR, 117, E00L08, tribution of pits may simply reflect the likelihood that doi:10.1029/2012JE004154. [14] Schultz, P.H., Moon, 15, 241. [15] the greater the areal extent of a given elevation repre- Jozwiak L.M., et al.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Russian Museums Visit More Than 80 Million Visitors, 1/3 of Who Are Visitors Under 18
    Moscow 4 There are more than 3000 museums (and about 72 000 museum workers) in Russian Moscow region 92 Federation, not including school and company museums. Every year Russian museums visit more than 80 million visitors, 1/3 of who are visitors under 18 There are about 650 individual and institutional members in ICOM Russia. During two last St. Petersburg 117 years ICOM Russia membership was rapidly increasing more than 20% (or about 100 new members) a year Northwestern region 160 You will find the information aboutICOM Russia members in this book. All members (individual and institutional) are divided in two big groups – Museums which are institutional members of ICOM or are represented by individual members and Organizations. All the museums in this book are distributed by regional principle. Organizations are structured in profile groups Central region 192 Volga river region 224 Many thanks to all the museums who offered their help and assistance in the making of this collection South of Russia 258 Special thanks to Urals 270 Museum creation and consulting Culture heritage security in Russia with 3M(tm)Novec(tm)1230 Siberia and Far East 284 © ICOM Russia, 2012 Organizations 322 © K. Novokhatko, A. Gnedovsky, N. Kazantseva, O. Guzewska – compiling, translation, editing, 2012 [email protected] www.icom.org.ru © Leo Tolstoy museum-estate “Yasnaya Polyana”, design, 2012 Moscow MOSCOW A. N. SCRiAbiN MEMORiAl Capital of Russia. Major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation center of Russia and the continent MUSEUM Highlights: First reference to Moscow dates from 1147 when Moscow was already a pretty big town.
    [Show full text]
  • Toronto Slavic Quarterly. № 33. Summer 2010
    Michael Basker The Trauma of Exile: An Extended Analysis of Khodasevich’s ‘Sorrentinskie Fotografii’ What exile from himself can flee Byron1 It is widely accepted that the deaths in August 1921 of Aleksandr Blok and Nikolai Gumilev, the one ill for months and denied until too late the necessary papers to leave Russia for treatment, the other executed for complicity in the so-called Tag- antsev conspiracy, marked a practical and symbolic turning point in the relations between Russian writers and thinkers and the new regime. In the not untypical assessment of Vladislav Khoda- sevich’s long-term partner in exile, Nina Berberova: …that August was a boundary line. An age had begun with the ‘Ode on the Taking of Khotin’ (1739) and had ended with Au- gust 1921: all that came afer (for still a few years) was only the continuation of this August: the departure of Remizov and Bely abroad, the departure of Gorky, the mass exile of the intelligent- sia in the summer of 1922, the beginning of planned repres- sions, the destruction of two generations — I am speaking of a two-hundred year period of Russian literature. I am not saying that it had all ended, but that an age of it had.2 © Maichael Basker, 2010 © TSQ 33. Summer 2010 (http://www.utoronto.ca/tsq/) 1 From ‘To Inez’, song inserted between stanzas lxxiv and lxxxv of Canto 1 of Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. To avoid undue encumbrance of the extensive crit- ical apparatus, works of nineteenth and twentieth-century poetry by authors other than Khodasevich will generally be identified by title or first line, and cited without reference to the standard academic editions from which they have been taken.
    [Show full text]
  • Geologic Map of the Victoria Quadrangle (H02), Mercury
    H01 - Borealis Geologic Map of the Victoria Quadrangle (H02), Mercury 60° Geologic Units Borea 65° Smooth plains material 1 1 2 3 4 1,5 sp H05 - Hokusai H04 - Raditladi H03 - Shakespeare H02 - Victoria Smooth and sparsely cratered planar surfaces confined to pools found within crater materials. Galluzzi V. , Guzzetta L. , Ferranti L. , Di Achille G. , Rothery D. A. , Palumbo P. 30° Apollonia Liguria Caduceata Aurora Smooth plains material–northern spn Smooth and sparsely cratered planar surfaces confined to the high-northern latitudes. 1 INAF, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Rome, Italy; 22.5° Intermediate plains material 2 H10 - Derain H09 - Eminescu H08 - Tolstoj H07 - Beethoven H06 - Kuiper imp DiSTAR, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy; 0° Pieria Solitudo Criophori Phoethontas Solitudo Lycaonis Tricrena Smooth undulating to planar surfaces, more densely cratered than the smooth plains. 3 INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Teramo, Teramo, Italy; -22.5° Intercrater plains material 4 72° 144° 216° 288° icp 2 Department of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK; ° Rough or gently rolling, densely cratered surfaces, encompassing also distal crater materials. 70 60 H14 - Debussy H13 - Neruda H12 - Michelangelo H11 - Discovery ° 5 3 270° 300° 330° 0° 30° spn Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Parthenope", Naples, Italy. Cyllene Solitudo Persephones Solitudo Promethei Solitudo Hermae -30° Trismegisti -65° 90° 270° Crater Materials icp H15 - Bach Australia Crater material–well preserved cfs -60° c3 180° Fresh craters with a sharp rim, textured ejecta blanket and pristine or sparsely cratered floor. 2 1:3,000,000 ° c2 80° 350 Crater material–degraded c2 spn M c3 Degraded craters with a subdued rim and a moderately cratered smooth to hummocky floor.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mercurian
    The Mercurian : : A Theatrical Translation Review Volume 7, Number 4 (Fall 2019) Editor: Adam Versényi Editorial Assistant: Sarah Booker ISSN: 2160-3316 The Mercurian is named for Mercury who, if he had known it, was/is the patron god of theatrical translators, those intrepid souls possessed of eloquence, feats of skill, messengers not between the gods but between cultures, traders in images, nimble and dexterous linguistic thieves. Like the metal mercury, theatrical translators are capable of absorbing other metals, forming amalgams. As in ancient chemistry, the mercurian is one of the five elementary “principles” of which all material substances are compounded, otherwise known as “spirit.” The theatrical translator is sprightly, lively, potentially volatile, sometimes inconstant, witty, an ideal guide or conductor on the road. The Mercurian publishes translations of plays and performance pieces from any language into English. The Mercurian also welcomes theoretical pieces about theatrical translation, rants, manifestos, and position papers pertaining to translation for the theatre, as well as production histories of theatrical translations. Submissions should be sent to: Adam Versényi at [email protected] or by snail mail: Adam Versényi, Department of Dramatic Art, CB# 3230, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3230. For translations of plays or performance pieces, unless the material is in the public domain, please send proof of permission to translate from the playwright or original creator of the piece. Since one of the primary objects of The Mercurian is to move translated pieces into production, no translations of plays or performance pieces will be published unless the translator can certify that he/she has had an opportunity to hear the translation performed in either a reading or another production-oriented venue.
    [Show full text]
  • Poster Programme Poster Programme
    Fourth International Conference on Multifunctional, Hybrid and Nanomaterials | Poster programme Poster programme Poster session I: 9 March 2015 16:00-17:00 & 19:10-21:00 [P1.001] Fast-gelling hydrogel/titanium micro-macrohybrids: Site-specific functionalization of metallic implants for vascularization G. Koenig1, H. Ozcelik1 ,2, C. Hoffmann5, L. Haesler4, M. Cihova4, M. Stelzle4, B. Angres5, A. Dupret-Bories1 ,3, P. Lavalle1 ,2, N.E. Vrana*1 ,6, 1INSERM, France, 2Université de Strasbourg, France, 3Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, France, 4NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, Germany, 5Cellendes GmbH, Germany, 6Protip SAS, France [P1.002] Antibacterial coatings for dental implants B. Palla1, I. Aladalur1, M. Gurruchaga1, F. Romero1 ,2, J. Suay*1 ,2, M. Fernandez1 ,3, B. Vazquez1 ,3, I. Goni1, 1University of the Basque Country, Spain, 2James I University, Spain, 3Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (CSIC), Spain [P1.003] Enhanced adsorption and degradation of atrazine by hydrophobic bioreactive silica gels A. Radian, L.P. Wackett, A. Aksan*, University of Minnesota, USA [P1.004] Bioinspired gradient surfaces with strong water collection/repellency Y. Zheng, School Beihang University, China [P1.005] Design of signal/information processing devices with hierarchical instabilities - stochastic delay- derivative elements using binary mixtures containing bio-based polymers R. Maruyama*, N. Asakawa, Gunma University, Japan [P1.006] Preservation of archaeological wood: A challenge for bio-inspired materials E. McHale*, M. Christensen, S. Braovac, T. Benneche, H. Kutzke, University of Oslo, Norway [P1.007] Noise-driven signal transmission device using twist dynamics in poly(alkylthiophene)s N. Asakawa*1, Y. Suzuki1, K. Fukuda1, K. Yazawa2, T. Shimizu3, M.
    [Show full text]
  • Large Impact Basins on Mercury: Global Distribution, Characteristics, and Modification History from MESSENGER Orbital Data Caleb I
    JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 117, E00L08, doi:10.1029/2012JE004154, 2012 Large impact basins on Mercury: Global distribution, characteristics, and modification history from MESSENGER orbital data Caleb I. Fassett,1 James W. Head,2 David M. H. Baker,2 Maria T. Zuber,3 David E. Smith,3,4 Gregory A. Neumann,4 Sean C. Solomon,5,6 Christian Klimczak,5 Robert G. Strom,7 Clark R. Chapman,8 Louise M. Prockter,9 Roger J. Phillips,8 Jürgen Oberst,10 and Frank Preusker10 Received 6 June 2012; revised 31 August 2012; accepted 5 September 2012; published 27 October 2012. [1] The formation of large impact basins (diameter D ≥ 300 km) was an important process in the early geological evolution of Mercury and influenced the planet’s topography, stratigraphy, and crustal structure. We catalog and characterize this basin population on Mercury from global observations by the MESSENGER spacecraft, and we use the new data to evaluate basins suggested on the basis of the Mariner 10 flybys. Forty-six certain or probable impact basins are recognized; a few additional basins that may have been degraded to the point of ambiguity are plausible on the basis of new data but are classified as uncertain. The spatial density of large basins (D ≥ 500 km) on Mercury is lower than that on the Moon. Morphological characteristics of basins on Mercury suggest that on average they are more degraded than lunar basins. These observations are consistent with more efficient modification, degradation, and obliteration of the largest basins on Mercury than on the Moon. This distinction may be a result of differences in the basin formation process (producing fewer rings), relaxation of topography after basin formation (subduing relief), or rates of volcanism (burying basin rings and interiors) during the period of heavy bombardment on Mercury from those on the Moon.
    [Show full text]
  • Adams Adkinson Aeschlimann Aisslinger Akkermann
    BUSCAPRONTA www.buscapronta.com ARQUIVO 27 DE PESQUISAS GENEALÓGICAS 189 PÁGINAS – MÉDIA DE 60.800 SOBRENOMES/OCORRÊNCIA Para pesquisar, utilize a ferramenta EDITAR/LOCALIZAR do WORD. A cada vez que você clicar ENTER e aparecer o sobrenome pesquisado GRIFADO (FUNDO PRETO) corresponderá um endereço Internet correspondente que foi pesquisado por nossa equipe. Ao solicitar seus endereços de acesso Internet, informe o SOBRENOME PESQUISADO, o número do ARQUIVO BUSCAPRONTA DIV ou BUSCAPRONTA GEN correspondente e o número de vezes em que encontrou o SOBRENOME PESQUISADO. Número eventualmente existente à direita do sobrenome (e na mesma linha) indica número de pessoas com aquele sobrenome cujas informações genealógicas são apresentadas. O valor de cada endereço Internet solicitado está em nosso site www.buscapronta.com . Para dados especificamente de registros gerais pesquise nos arquivos BUSCAPRONTA DIV. ATENÇÃO: Quando pesquisar em nossos arquivos, ao digitar o sobrenome procurado, faça- o, sempre que julgar necessário, COM E SEM os acentos agudo, grave, circunflexo, crase, til e trema. Sobrenomes com (ç) cedilha, digite também somente com (c) ou com dois esses (ss). Sobrenomes com dois esses (ss), digite com somente um esse (s) e com (ç). (ZZ) digite, também (Z) e vice-versa. (LL) digite, também (L) e vice-versa. Van Wolfgang – pesquise Wolfgang (faça o mesmo com outros complementos: Van der, De la etc) Sobrenomes compostos ( Mendes Caldeira) pesquise separadamente: MENDES e depois CALDEIRA. Tendo dificuldade com caracter Ø HAMMERSHØY – pesquise HAMMERSH HØJBJERG – pesquise JBJERG BUSCAPRONTA não reproduz dados genealógicos das pessoas, sendo necessário acessar os documentos Internet correspondentes para obter tais dados e informações. DESEJAMOS PLENO SUCESSO EM SUA PESQUISA.
    [Show full text]
  • UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Abstract Art in 1980s Shanghai / Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/16g2v1dm Author Jung, Ha Yoon Publication Date 2014 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO Abstract Art in 1980s Shanghai A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Art History, Theory, and Criticism by Ha Yoon Jung Committee in charge: Professor Kuiyi Shen, Chair Professor Norman Bryson Professor Todd Henry Professor Paul Pickowicz Professor Mariana Wardwell 2014 The Dissertation of Ha Yoon Jung is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically. ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Chair University of California, San Diego 2014 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page ………………………………………………………………....……. iii Table of Contents ………………………………………………………….…...……. iv List of Illustrations …………………………………………………………………... v Vita ……………………………………………………………………….……….… vii Abstract ……………………………………………………….………………..……. xi Chapter 1 Introduction ……………………………………………………….……………….. 1 Chapter 2 Abstract
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2005
    NATIONAL GALLERY BOARD OF TRUSTEES (as of 30 September 2005) Victoria P. Sant John C. Fontaine Chairman Chair Earl A. Powell III Frederick W. Beinecke Robert F. Erburu Heidi L. Berry John C. Fontaine W. Russell G. Byers, Jr. Sharon P. Rockefeller Melvin S. Cohen John Wilmerding Edwin L. Cox Robert W. Duemling James T. Dyke Victoria P. Sant Barney A. Ebsworth Chairman Mark D. Ein John W. Snow Gregory W. Fazakerley Secretary of the Treasury Doris Fisher Robert F. Erburu Victoria P. Sant Robert F. Erburu Aaron I. Fleischman Chairman President John C. Fontaine Juliet C. Folger Sharon P. Rockefeller John Freidenrich John Wilmerding Marina K. French Morton Funger Lenore Greenberg Robert F. Erburu Rose Ellen Meyerhoff Greene Chairman Richard C. Hedreen John W. Snow Eric H. Holder, Jr. Secretary of the Treasury Victoria P. Sant Robert J. Hurst Alberto Ibarguen John C. Fontaine Betsy K. Karel Sharon P. Rockefeller Linda H. Kaufman John Wilmerding James V. Kimsey Mark J. Kington Robert L. Kirk Ruth Carter Stevenson Leonard A. Lauder Alexander M. Laughlin Alexander M. Laughlin Robert H. Smith LaSalle D. Leffall Julian Ganz, Jr. Joyce Menschel David O. Maxwell Harvey S. Shipley Miller Diane A. Nixon John Wilmerding John G. Roberts, Jr. John G. Pappajohn Chief Justice of the Victoria P. Sant United States President Sally Engelhard Pingree Earl A. Powell III Diana Prince Director Mitchell P. Rales Alan Shestack Catherine B. Reynolds Deputy Director David M. Rubenstein Elizabeth Cropper RogerW. Sant Dean, Center for Advanced Study in the Visual Arts B. Francis Saul II Darrell R. Willson Thomas A.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Student Aid Reduced by $2 Billion by TOBIAS NAEGELE Probably Dip to About $15,000
    The Revie ' Vol. 106 No. 33 University of Delaware, Newark, DE Friday, February 12, 1982 'student aid reduced by $2 billion By TOBIAS NAEGELE probably dip to about $15,000. not necessarily mark the end Supplementary Educational of the program. Although the Over the next two years Opportunity Grants (SEOO) federal budget funds the federal support of student The SEOG, which offers aid loans, Rogers said, the financial aid will be reduced on the basis of need and sup­ university is responsible for by about 35 percent, cutting plements the Pell Grant pro­ both the allocation and collec­ back from $6.1 billion in 1981- gram, received $370 million tion of NDSLs. The money the 82 to only about $4 billion in 1983-84. dollars in funding for this university collects from academic year, but according students paying off their According to statistics com­ to NSAC figures, will be ex­ loans is used to fund other piled by the National Student tinct by 1983. NDSLs. Aid Coalition (NSAC), con­ National Direct Student Loan Last year, for example, the tributions through Sup­ (NDSL) federal government con­ plementary Educational Op­ The federal government tributed $400,000 in new fun­ portunity Grants, and State will stop supplying this pro­ ding which, coupled with Student Incentive Grants will gram with new funds after $800,000 in repayment funds, disappear by the 1983-84 the current fiscal year, but combined for a $1.2 million academic year. In addition, according to Rogers that does (Continued to poge 11) the Reagan budget has pro­ posed that no new funds be obligated for National Direct Student Loans.
    [Show full text]
  • Delaunay and Stockholm
    http://www.diva-portal.org This is the published version of a chapter published in O Círculo Delaunay / The Delaunay Circle. Citation for the original published chapter: Öhrner, A. (2015) Delaunay and Stockholm. In: Ana Vasconcelos e Melo (ed.), O Círculo Delaunay / The Delaunay Circle (pp. 226-240). Lissabon: Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian N.B. When citing this work, cite the original published chapter. Permanent link to this version: http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-28793 Delaunay and Stockholm colour. This side was the front cover of the catalogue for the exhibi- tion in Stockholm, which was among Sonia’s earliest international exhibitions outside France. The Couverture… is a self-portrait, and Annika Öhrner several sketches and preparations for it exist.4 One version for ex- Södertörn University ample, corresponding to the front image, was printed on the cover of her self-biography, Nous irons jusqu’au soleil [We Will Go Right Up to the Sun], in 1978.5 J’AIME MIEUX QUE VOUS LES FAISIEZ VOYAGER [MES TABLEAUX] AU The letters on the left side, which once functioned as the back LIEU QU’ILS DORMENT of the cover, are neither plain “typographical signs”, nor abstract CAR MES TABLEAUX SONT LE MOUVEMENT ET DONC ILS AIMENT LE forms, however they are carefully balanced within the compo- MOUVEMENT. sition, whilst simultaneously signifying letters and words.6 On Robert Delaunay to Arturo Ciacelli, 7 August 19171 the upper section of this side reads the full name of the artist, S. Delaunay-Terk. It is scribed in large capital letters, in a way that, again, expresses self-representation.
    [Show full text]
  • Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-15445-2 — Mercury Edited by Sean C
    Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-15445-2 — Mercury Edited by Sean C. Solomon , Larry R. Nittler , Brian J. Anderson Index More Information INDEX 253 Mathilde, 196 BepiColombo, 46, 109, 134, 136, 138, 279, 314, 315, 366, 403, 463, 2P/Encke, 392 487, 488, 535, 544, 546, 547, 548–562, 563, 564, 565 4 Vesta, 195, 196, 350 BELA. See BepiColombo: BepiColombo Laser Altimeter 433 Eros, 195, 196, 339 BepiColombo Laser Altimeter, 554, 557, 558 gravity assists, 555 activation energy, 409, 412 gyroscope, 556 adiabat, 38 HGA. See BepiColombo: high-gain antenna adiabatic decompression melting, 38, 60, 168, 186 high-gain antenna, 556, 560 adiabatic gradient, 96 ISA. See BepiColombo: Italian Spring Accelerometer admittance, 64, 65, 74, 271 Italian Spring Accelerometer, 549, 554, 557, 558 aerodynamic fractionation, 507, 509 Magnetospheric Orbiter Sunshield and Interface, 552, 553, 555, 560 Airy isostasy, 64 MDM. See BepiColombo: Mercury Dust Monitor Al. See aluminum Mercury Dust Monitor, 554, 560–561 Al exosphere. See aluminum exosphere Mercury flybys, 555 albedo, 192, 198 Mercury Gamma-ray and Neutron Spectrometer, 554, 558 compared with other bodies, 196 Mercury Imaging X-ray Spectrometer, 558 Alfvén Mach number, 430, 433, 442, 463 Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter, 552, 553, 554, 555, 556, 557, aluminum, 36, 38, 147, 177, 178–184, 185, 186, 209, 559–561 210 Mercury Orbiter Radio Science Experiment, 554, 556–558 aluminum exosphere, 371, 399–400, 403, 423–424 Mercury Planetary Orbiter, 366, 549, 550, 551, 552, 553, 554, 555, ground-based observations, 423 556–559, 560, 562 andesite, 179, 182, 183 Mercury Plasma Particle Experiment, 554, 561 Andrade creep function, 100 Mercury Sodium Atmospheric Spectral Imager, 554, 561 Andrade rheological model, 100 Mercury Thermal Infrared Spectrometer, 366, 554, 557–558 anorthosite, 30, 210 Mercury Transfer Module, 552, 553, 555, 561–562 anticline, 70, 251 MERTIS.
    [Show full text]