We all bleed the same color 3. RACISM IN ITALY 1. RACISM 3,1 introduction 1,1 Introduction 3,2 why is Italy so racist? 1,2 what is racism? 2. RACISM IN AMERCA 3,3 Anti-roma racism 2,1 historical 3,4 Negro 1,3 Types of introduction discrimination 3,5 Demographics in Italy 2,2 why is America so 3,6 Why do peoples 1,4 Environmental racism racist? what can we migrate? 1,5 Inherited or learned? do? 3,7 Xenophobia 2,3 Trump 3,8 Cecile kyenge 2,4 WHITE PRIVILEGE 3,9 Anti-racism 2,5 POLICE BRUTALITY 2,6 KU KLUX KLAN INTRODUCTION

Racism and prejudice have been present in almost every civilization and society throughout history. Even though the world has progressed greatly in the last couple of decades, both socially and technologically, racism, hatred and prejudice still exist today, deeply embedded in old-fashioned, narrow- minded traditions and values.

Nowadays, we are tired of seeing in the media violent cases of racism, prejudice and social stereotypes towards different groups, whether foreign, gay, disabled or any other condition that is different from that of oneself. WHAT IS RACISM?

Racism is a form of discrimination; Is the hatred of one person by another — or the belief that another person is less than human — because of skin color, language, customs, place of birth or any factor that supposedly reveals the basic nature of that person. It has influenced wars, slavery, the formation of nations, and legal codes. Biological racism Direct and Cultural indirect Racism Say the word “racism” and many people imagine someone in a white hood, but discrimination, which comes in different types, is TYPES OF much more complex. In reality, ordinary people Islamophobia DISCRIMI Xenophobia perpetuate racism daily. NATION

The more frequent types of racism Racism for Racism for the are the biological, cultural, social difference internalized, spatial, institutional of religion class Racism and xenophobia by skin color ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM

Environmental racism has been documented in relation to migrant populations alongside Romani, Yenish, Irish Traveller, and communities from within continental borders. Environmental racism is the practice of environmental injustice within a racialized context, in which socially marginalized communities and minority groups are subjected to denial of access to sources of ecological sustenance such as clean air, water, and natural resources, or infringement of environmentally related human rights.

According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, environmental justice is "the fair treatment for people of all races, cultures, and incomes, regarding the development of environmental laws, regulations and policies. IS RACISM AN INHERITED OR A LEARNED TRAIT? ARE PEOPLE BORN WITH ANY PREDISPOSITION TO DISLIKE PEOPLE WHO ARE VISUALLY DIFFERENT FROM THEM? NO

Children of families who educate from an equality standpoint do not naturally discriminate. That is, children observe their surroundings and make statements about them, but the children who are educated to accept and celebrate all use their judgement for positive reinforcement. Racism is completely a learned behavior. It is how our immediate society confirms and reinforces, or denies and neutralizes these processes what makes a difference in our formation of systematic judgement values. WHITE GUILT

White guilt is the individual or collective guilt felt by some white people for harm resulting from racist treatment of ethnic minorities by other white people. White guilt has been described as one of the psychosocial costs of racism for white individuals along with empathy (sadness and anger) for victims of racism and fear of non-whites. "ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL" - Declaration of independence of the United States RACISM WRONG HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION

Racism in the United States can be dated back to the early days when Native Americans were normally attacked and forcefully assimilated into European ways of life. Even though Americans‟ civil rights have greatly improved over time, especially when America elected its first African American president, Barack Obama, racism has still a strong presence. Even if constitution makes it clear that all men are equally created, African Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans, among other minorities, were not getting this sort of treatment. … HISTORICAL INTRODUCTION …

In the 19th Century, during the era of Civil Rights Movements, numerous groups were formed with an objective to fight off inequality. Groups pursued to protest towards gaining equal rights and Civil Rights leaders participated in a peaceful demonstration against racism.

BLACK PANTHERS SOME EXAMPLES: ROSA PARKS

MARTIN LUTHER KING JR. WHY IS AMERICA SO RACIST?

Stereotype is among the causes of racism in America and through TV, radio, music, books, and internet, the WHAT CAN WE DO ABOUT IT? possibility of stereotypes to occur are high. Parents, willingly or unwillingly, expose as well as educate their kids, subconsciously, through saying comments or else watching programs which entail racism. Total unfamiliarity of a person towards different races. Individuals possess the inclination towards fearing whatever they are unable to understand.

Studies have presently alleged that it is imperative for kids to be around different races at an early age; towards ensuring that there are used as well as adapted towards being around them. While significant progress has been seen in eradicating racism in the United States, there is still job to be done DONALD TRUMP

As we all know, America is run by the president Donald Trump. Many controversies regarding the new president followed the elections on the 8th of November 2016, leading a lot of people to accuse him of misogynistic and racist behaviors. Donald Trump is always in the spotlight for his racist comments and political decisions. The definition of a racist — the textbook definition, as Paul Ryan might say — is someone who treats some people better than others because of their race. Trump fits that definition many times over: WHAT HAS TRUMP DONE ? DONALD TRUMP The president often states that he‟s the “least racist person you‟ve ever met” but sources show us the president telling inappropriate racist jokes, sentences and overall showing a conservative and intolerant view of the issues in the United States. WHITE PRIVILEGE

White privilege refers to the ways in which white people benefit from the fact that they are not a racial minority. White privilege extends into every aspect of our social and cultural lives, but it can also be a challenging concept for many people. This topic is always been difficult to talk about because most people won‟t recognize their privilege, thinking it means to be racist. White privilege finds its foundations into prejudices that have been existing for centuries and influenced the social view on minorities. American Justice

For example, black people are more likely to get pulled over by the police, being followed in stores and being questioned about their education only because of their race. Even today, white people will get a lighter sentence on the same, or even a lighter crime, over a black person . EXECUTED FREE While individual whites may be against racism, they still benefit from the distribution of resources controlled by their group. Yes, an individual person of color can sit at the tables of power, but the overwhelming majority of decision-makers will be white. Yes, white people can have problems and face barriers, but systematic racism won‟t be one of them. This distinction—between individual prejudice and a system of unequal institutionalized racial power—is fundamental. One cannot understand how racism functions in the U.S. today if one ignores group power relations.

‘’This systemic and institutional control allows those of us who are white in North America to live in a social environment that protects and insulates us from race-based stress.’’

- States Dr. Robin Di Angelo in his essay about white privilege POLICE BRUTALITY POLICE BRUTALITY REFERS TO THE INTENTIONAL USE OF VERBAL ATTACKS OR EXCESSIVE FORCE DIRECTED TOWARDS A COUNTRY'S CITIZENS BY THE POLICE FORCE. THIS EXCESSIVE FORCE MAY BE PHYSICAL OR IN FORM OF PSYCHOLOGICAL INTIMIDATION. Police brutality can be associated with racism. Differences in race, religion, politics, or socioeconomic status often exist between police and the citizens. Some police officers view the population as deserving of punishment, leading to parts of the populations perceiving the police as oppressors. In addition, it's known that victims of police brutality often belong to minorities such as the POC (especially black people), the disabled, the young, and the poor. Some of the police brutalities actions are perceived in terms of racial profiling. One may often be accused of committing crimes even when there is no valid evidence available. POLICE BRUTALITY

These racial profiling contains false assumptions about people of particular races or groups. Many black people and Hispanics are more likely to experience police brutalities than the whites. This is because the police assume that these black people are more likely to commit certain crimes than the white people. The media often tries to hide the issue or to blame it on the victims, using excuses like "Police has the right to use force when necessary.", or "Police officers get scared too.“ It's been confirmed that most of the victims were not a threat for society or the police officers, and that the violence didn't stop even after victims surrendered and begged the officers to stop. Across America police brutality is evident. The police officers will always get away with these brutalities because they are in the system of the law enforcement agency. Other officers who are accused of these cases are either charged with minor offences or charged with nothing at all. KU KLUX KLAN

The Ku Klux Klan is a native-born American racist terrorist organization that helped overthrow Republican Reconstruction governments in the South after the Civil War and drive black people out Soon the Klan was no longer narrowly Southern; law and order, prohibition and anti-Catholicism were added to its white supremacist beliefs, and it enrolled millions of Klansmen and Klanswomen. The aura of violence was part of the initial appeal — when you put on your robes, you were a warrior. In the early years there were hundreds of kidnappings and beatings in the South and Southwest, and outbreaks and episodes elsewhere. Often the victims of the Klan were not blacks, Catholics, Jews or new immigrants, but fellow white native- born Protestants who offended the Klan in some way. Between four million and seven million men and women belonged to the Klan in this era. It was active in every state KU KLUX KLAN

The Klan helped elect state and local officials and at least 20 governors and U.S. senators — from Maine to California. The Klan was deeply involved in politics, but it did not form its own political party. Though greatly weakened, Klan fragments hang on into the 21st century, sharing the anti-Semitism, anti-Latino and other ideologies of the Aryan Nations, Christian Identity, neo-Nazis and other violent organizations of the extreme right. Individual Klansmen still commit acts of intimidation and violence. Without funds, ideas, able leadership, and with only scattered membership, the Klan nonetheless remains the historic symbol of racist terrorism. ALL CITIZENS HAVE EQUAL SOCIAL DIGNITY AND ARE EQUAL BEFORE THE LAW, WITHOUT DISTINCTION OF SEX, RACE, LANGUAGE, RELIGION, POLITICAL OPINION, PERSONAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS. Art. 3 - Constitution of the Italian Republic unite against RACISM INTRODUCTION

Italy is a country where a recent prime minister, Silvio Berlusconi, thought it was hilarious to joke that Obama had a decent suntan.

The racism isn't restricted to right or left, old or young, rural or urban: it is noticeable everywhere.

‟Lo straniero‟ aka the foreigner, shares the same root as „strano‟ aka strange. Additionally people in general - not just Italians - are inherently suspicious of anything that is different to what is known and understood. WHY IS ITALY SO RACIST ? Through the centuries Italy has been, not a colonial power, but a colony. So with the exception of small parts of Somalia, no other country speaks Italian. Unlike France, Britain, Portugal or Spain, there's no large diaspora of Italian speakers who can immediately integrate into the "mother country", knowing already its literature and history. So the peninsula remains insular, an astonishingly monocultural, monoconfessional place. There are other reasons for the racism: the legacy of fascism and the continuing adulation of Benito Mussolini; the tangible insecurity, even sense of inferiority, of many Italians; widespread economic misery for at least the last decade; and some political entities contribute in spreading fascist ideology still today, although they have to moderate the language - in public, most of the time. WHY IS ITALY SO RACIST ?

in a country that is famously lawless, in which rules are often willfully ignored, everyone is oddly very conformist in other ways: all wearing the same fashionable color, or eating the same food at the same festivals. Italy simply isn't a country of eccentricity, or a place where difference or diversity are accepted, let alone cherished. In the media, ethnic diversity has incredibly low representation. Almost no advert, movie or program where people with different skin color can be seen as Italian or contributing to society positively. It is a known fact that the Italian public gets their information predominantly using the TV medium, therefore this has a very large impact on how people interpret difference in others WHY IS ITALY SO RACIST ?

In Italy there are some people In Economic Difficulty and for some of those, the idea that foreigners are getting help whereas they don‟t is a driver to xenophobic sentiments. What is more disturbing is when racist language is used by people within the State or the media itself as if it was acceptable. In some other countries member of parliament gets suspended or resign immediately for broadly discriminating against groups of members of society, but in too many instances in Italy it‟s still possible to get away with using plainly racist language publicly. ANTI-ROMA RACISM

Anti-Roma sentiment exists in Italy, and takes the form of hostility, prejudice, discrimination or racism directed at the Romani people. There's no reliable data for the total number of Romani people living in Italy, but estimates put it between 140,000 and 170,000.

According to a May 2008 poll 68% of Italians, wanted to see all of the country's approximately 150,000 Gypsies, many of them Italian citizens, expelled. The survey, published as mobs in Naples burned down Gypsy camps that month, revealed that the majority also wanted all Gypsy camps in Italy to be demolished ―NEGRO‖

Negro (plural Negroes) is an archaic term traditionally used to denote persons considered to be of Negroid heritage. The term can be construed as offensive, inoffensive or completely neutral, largely depending on the region where it is used. The word "negro" was commonly used to design black persons without being offensive (it means black in arcaic italian). Nowadays, after the politically correct movement, it's preferred use the word "nero" (that also means black in current italian) or "di colore" (coloured) if you want to refer to the colour of the skin, or with the nationality or with the word, but nobody uses it to refer to a canadian or other peoples outside the third world. Demographics of Italy

At the beginning of year 2017, Italy Origin Percent had an estimated population of 60.4 million. Italian 92.81% However, the population of Italy Romanian 1.00% almost doubled during the twentieth North African 1.07% century, from the 1980s Italy has (Maghrebis) INCREASE OF THE experienced large-scale immigration Albanian 0.77% ITALIAN POPULATION for the first time in modern history. Chinese 0.28% The education level of immigrants is Year Pop. Ukrainian 0.31% lower than for any other EU country, 1 8-10,000,000 reflecting the low education of Italian Asian (non-Chinese) 0.83% 1901 32,965,504 native workforce. This pattern got Sub-Saharan African 0.54% 2001 56,995,744 worse with time Latin American 0.47% 2011 59,433,744 Other 1.29% 2018 60,494,000 To escape past or future persecution based on race, religion, nationality, and/or membership in a particular social group or political opinion

To offer more opportunities to children To escape conflict or violence ―WHY DO PEOPLE For jobs and business MIGRATE? To seek opportunities superior healthcare

To escape To find refuge after poverty being displaced due to environmental factors Fear and hatred of strangers or foreigners or of anything that is strange or foreign. We should debunk the idea that xenophobia is restricted to lower income people or less educated people. It could be that within these groups, people might express their feeling more bluntly, but it is a mistake to think that xenophobia is something that exists only in lower socio-economic situations.

ORIGIN: NEW LATIN CÉCILE K. KYENGE

Cécile Kashetu Kyenge is a politician in Italy of a Congolese background and she was the Minister for Integration in the 2013–14. as Italy's first black minister has been described In April 2013 Kyenge was appointed Minister for Integration in the grand coalition government, becoming Italy's first black cabinet minister. Her ministerial nomination was repudiated in some circles on cultural and/or racial grounds, being met by racist insults from politicians belonging to the Northern League such as Roberto Calderoli who called her an orangutan,. in addition to racist campaigns orchestrated by the New Force party and other far-right groups. Her treatment by The Economist as "shameful" with "limited condemnation". ANTI-RACISM

According to the Anti-racism Digital Library "Anti-racism can be defined as some form of focused and sustained action, which includes inter- cultural, inter-faith, multi-lingual and inter-abled communities with the intent to change a system or an institutional policy, practice, or procedure which has racist effects.“

Scientific anti-racism Friedrich Tiedemann was one of the first people scientifically to contest racism. In 1836, using craniometric and brain measurements, refuted the belief shared by many contemporary naturalists and anatomists that black people had smaller brains and were intellectually inferior to white people, saying it was scientifically unfounded and based merely on the prejudiced opinions of travelers and explorers. “IT IS EASIER TO BREAK AN ATOM THAT A PREJUDICE” -Albert Einstein edited by: Adriomi Anna Sironi Martina