The Following Draft Minutes of the Meeting of the Toronto Police
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Policing and Surveilling the Black Community in Toronto, Canada, 1992-2016
From the Yonge Street Riot to the Carding Controversy: Policing and Surveilling the Black Community in Toronto, Canada, 1992-2016 By Maria Kyres A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Program in Cultural Studies in Conformity with the requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada September, 2017 Copyright © Maria Kyres Abstract In the last decade, the conversation surrounding racial profiling and carding in the city of Toronto garnered much public and scholarly attention. Many journalists, academics and activists have examined the Community Contacts Policy, also known as carding, as well as mass incarceration and the police shootings and killings of unarmed, young Black men. The Yonge Street Uprising and the carding controversy in Toronto serve as two case studies to explore the ways that Black men have been disproportionately profiled, policed and surveilled in this country, particularly in the province of Ontario. Despite the fact that the Yonge Street Uprising and the carding controversy occurred decades apart, a common thread throughout both cases was the narrative of Black male criminality. In addition, it became apparent that many of the practices employed in contemporary society, such as racial profiling, carding and mass incarceration were derived from slavery, with the goal of limiting the freedom and mobility of Black people. Therefore, an examination of Canada’s historical treatment of Black people is necessary in order to demonstrate how practices rooted in slavery, such as, fugitive slave advertisements and historical representations of Black criminality helped inform current police practices. Through an analysis of historical, legal, criminological, and critical race scholarship, this work seeks to examine how and why Black people, specifically Black men, were and continue to be disproportionately more likely to be policed, surveilled and incarcerated. -
The History and the Future of the Politics of Policing
Conference Draft – June 29, 2004 CONFERENCE DRAFT “The History and the Future of the Politics of Policing” Margaret Beare Sociology and Law, Osgoode Hall Law School Abstract: This paper examines the operational realities of the police executive linkages—beyond the official dictates of the law and the desired position expressed in ideological discourses on police independence. Paper draws primarily on historical and criminological literature and research, and public inquiries. The central argument of this paper is that, while there may be a somewhat clear-cut division between the policy versus the operational control of the police by the State in law and in rhetoric, the reality is quite different. The relationship between the State and the police is a dynamic relationship that changes to reflect the nature of the policing that is being carried-out, the political interests of the party in power, and to some extent the personalities of the key players within both the police services and in politics at a specific period in time. This research indicates that looking for the ‘smoking gun’—i.e. the memo or document that in writing acknowledges a directive from the executive to the police sidesteps the reality of the on-going partnerships between politics and policing. Introduction: Much current controversy surrounding policing centres around two issues: the relationship between the police and politics and the question of accountability. Dianne Martins paper has addressed the issue of accountability and while the two issues overlap, I shall be looking specifically at the political question. An understanding of the organizational workings of the police is essential to any attempt to reconcile the tensions between the dictates of police autonomy and the restraints imposed on the police. -
Dreyfus Affair
IDEAS IN SEARCH OF SECURITY Paul Kennedy a dark side to police culture. I’ve seen it everywhere This is Ideas about the power of the police. I’ve been, even in the best organizations. I used to describe it as a “shitty, dark stain” running through John Sewell our business, deeper, in some places, than others. We aren’t used to talking about police. It’s not something we have debates about in any rational David Cayley kind of way. I mean, we can have lots of debates Policing’s dark side is inherent in its licence to use about what the welfare policy might be, how coercive power. Police, by their very presence, affordable housing policies might work, but the embody the fact that social order ultimately rests on matter of good policing is never on anybody’s force. And this is something that liberals sometimes agenda. We avoid that. We don’t know how to talk have trouble facing, according to Chris Murphy. He’s about it, and I think that’s a problem. the head of the Sociology and Anthropology Department at Dalhousie University, where he Paul Kennedy studies and writes about policing. Civilian control of the police is one of the hallmarks of Canadian democracy. Police answer to the courts, Chris Murphy to public boards and to complaints commissions. There’s an ambivalent relationship to police Media report freely on police misconduct. Compare premised on the fact that you need them, that they’re this to the parts of the world where the majority of an admission of some imperfection in society that citizens expect only extortion and brutality from their liberals don’t like particularly, and that the use of police, and it’s easy to be thankful that our police force and coercion is necessary to make people forces are as well-controlled as they are. -
The History and the Future of the Politics of Policing
1 THE HISTORY AND THE FUTURE OF THE POLITICS OF POLICING By Margaret E. Beare1 Abstract This chapter examines the operational realities of the police executive linkages— beyond the official dictates of the law and the desired position expressed in ideological discourses on police independence. Paper draws primarily on historical and criminological literature and research, and public inquiries. The central argument of this paper is that, while there may be a somewhat clear- cut division between the’ policy’ versus the ‘operational’ control of the police by the State in law and in rhetoric, the reality is quite different. The relationship between the State and the police is a dynamic relationship that changes to reflect the nature of the policing that is being carried-out, the political interests of the party in power, and to some extent the personalities of the key players within both the police services and in politics at a specific period in time. This research indicates that looking for the ‘smoking gun’—i.e. the memo or document that in writing acknowledges a directive from the executive to the police— sidesteps the reality of the on-going partnerships between politics and policing. Introduction Much current controversy surrounding policing centres around two issues: the relationship between the police and politics and the question of accountability. Dianne Martins paper has addressed the issue of accountability and while the two issues overlap, I shall be looking specifically at the political question. An understanding of the organizational workings of the police is essential to any attempt to reconcile the tensions between the dictates of police autonomy and the restraints imposed on the police. -
BLM 2013-12.Pdf
DECEMBER 2013 2 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE December 2013 Volume 25 Number 10 Features 6 Letters of Congratulations! 8 25 years of Canadian Policing Milestones 34 Beyond Simple Enforcement 38 Renewal from a Community Base A foundation building process is about to end 46 Pistol-Calibre Carbines Facing up to the pros and cons 54 Missing Children Society of Canada Preventing abductions and reuniting families Departments 70 Back of the Book – The poor people’s police 70 BlueLinks Advertisers Directory 52 Deep Blue – Transferring knowledge can be tricky 34 59 Dispatches 62 Holding The Line – Taking off the mental armour 69 MarketPlace 5 Publisher’s Commentary – Welcome to the light 42 Science Beat – Educating the blue line 64 Technology – Patrolling down memory lane Case Law 65 Objective basis must support subjective belief for warrantless entry 46 67 Easily destroyed evidence justifies no-knock entry BLUE LINE MAGAZINE 3 DECEMBER 2013 DECEMBER 2013 4 BLUE LINE MAGAZINE PUBLISHER’S COMMENTARY Blue Line Magazine Inc. by Morley Lymburner PUBLISHER Morley S. Lymburner – [email protected] GENERAL MANAGER Welcome to the light Mary K. Lymburner – [email protected] SENIOR EDITOR Let’s go back 26 years to see how police work the shortcomings of police weaponry for Mark Reesor – [email protected] has evolved since Blue Line Magazine began. The many years. We understood the importance following not-so-fictional story may help. of balancing out the threat levels between NEWS EDITOR Kathryn Lymburner – [email protected] The hot salesman and former cop knew his criminals and police. Constant editorial way around policing and understood the needs commentary and related stories did much to CREATIVE DIRECTOR and wants of all stripes. -
Diversifying the Bar: Lawyers Make History Biographies of Early And
Diversifying the bar: lawyers make history Biographies of Early and Exceptional Ontario Lawyers of Diverse Communities Arranged By Diverse Community For each lawyer, this document offers some or all of the following information: name of diverse community or heritage name gender year and place of birth; year of death where applicable year admitted to the profession in Ontario (up to 1889, the year called to the bar and/or year admitted to the courts as a solicitor; from 1889, all lawyers admitted to practice were admitted as both barristers and solicitors, and all were called to the bar) whether appointed K.C. or Q.C. biographical notes name of nominating person or organization if relevant sources used in preparing the biography and suggestions for further reading Please note that where possible, lawyers provided, approved or edited their own biographies, including the names of their community or heritage. The biographies are ordered by name of diverse community (see list on next page), then by year called to the bar, then alphabetically by last name. Francophone lawyers have two entries each, in French then English. Lawyers associated with more than one community are listed under each diverse community. For more information on the project, including the set of biographies arranged by diverse community rather than by year of call, please click here for the Diversifying the Bar: Lawyers Make History home page. Last published May 2012 by The Law Society of Upper Canada. Diversifying the bar: lawyers make history Diverse Communities Represented in the Biographies The following is a list of all diverse communities and heritages with which the early and exceptional lawyers in this project are identified. -
Kerr Has Always Believed That in Order to Maintain the Respect of the Public, the Police Continued on Page 12
Inside This Edition Volume 12 Number 5 May 2000 Publisher’s Commentary 4 There’s a real gun problem in Canada Blue Line Magazine Correspondence 6 12A-4981 Hwy 7 East Letters to the publisher Suite 254 Markham, ON L3R 1N1 Just being there is what counts 7 Phn: (905) 640-3048 Fax: (905) 640-7547 University of Western Ontario Police - Publisher - Opportunities and Partnerships 11 Morley S. Lymburner Deputy Chief Bob Kerr selected as E-mail: [email protected] Police Leader of the Year - General Manager - Eliminating fear and myths 14 Mary Lymburner, M.Ed. The Ontario Special Investigations Unit E-mail: [email protected] helps bring credibility and accountability - Editor-In-Chief - Technology 18 Blair McQuillan Lookout Windows — here comes Linux E-mail: [email protected] Protect the keys to your 20 - Advertising - digital castle Mary Lymburner Are passwords and encryption enough? The officers who serve with University of Rhonda Shuker Western Ontario Police Department patrol a Bob Murray Most police news conferences 24 very unique beat. In this issue, Publisher aren’t very good Morley Lymburner has supplied a detailed ar- - Pre-press Production - by John Muldoon ticle outlining their model of policing, their Del Wall Park wardens call for firearms 28 strong ties to the students they are sworn to protect and their innovative ideas in regards to - Staff Writer - Federal wardens say sidearms are Les Linder needed to carry out day-to-day duties police service delivery. Federal park wardens have been struggling - Contributing Editors - Devotion to youngsters brings 30 with Parks Canada over the issue of sidearms. -
Legal Sites of Executive-Police Relations: Core Principles in a Canadian Context
LEGAL SITES OF EXECUTIVE-POLICE RELATIONS: CORE PRINCIPLES IN A CANADIAN CONTEXT By Dianne Martin1 Abstract This chapter provides an overview of the multiple sites where the governance of police in a democratic society is negotiated, with examples and solutions drawn from policy documents, public inquiries, legislation, and case law. Multiple factors bear on the ways that this intricately structured legal relationship is worked out in day-to-day situations, including political, institutional and legal influences. Bearing in mind the political and institutional contexts, this chapter examine the legal instruments and institutions that both structure the relationship and are part of resolving the inevitable conflicts that arise between these two very general concepts. The central argument is that these relationships have evolved in various ways into a partnership, negotiated daily at various sites within the legal and constitutional systems. Many of these negotiations take place informally and out of public view while others are managed by the courts in individual cases. Issues only occasionally emerge as a matter of public concern and are usually perceived as an aberration or ‘crisis’. These crises can be identified in individual contexts, for example in Charter motions in criminal cases, or in civil law suits against the police, and in institutional settings, often precipitated by media controversy. The minority generate sufficient challenge to legitimacy that special responses evolve or are called upon: such as legislative change and new modes of civilian review; and Public Inquiries, often driven by community and media pressures. In all cases, it is argued, better outcomes would be achieved if both police actors and judicial and political decision makers were better informed about the history of the relationship and the reasons for doctrines.