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Drug Law Reform: Beyond Prohibition
THE AUSTRALIA INSTITUTE Drug Law Reform Beyond Prohibition Andrew Macintosh Discussion Paper Number 83 February 2006 ISSN 1322-5421 ii © The Australia Institute. This work is copyright. It may be reproduced in whole or in part for study or training purposes only with the written permission of the Australia Institute. Such use must not be for the purposes of sale or commercial exploitation. Subject to the Copyright Act 1968, reproduction, storage in a retrieval system or transmission in any form by any means of any part of the work other than for the purposes above is not permitted without written permission. Requests and inquiries should be directed to the Australia Institute. The Australia Institute iii Table of Contents Tables and Figures v Acknowledgements vi Summary vii 1. Introduction 1 2. Definitional and conceptual issues 4 2.1 What is a drug? 4 2.2 Licit and illicit drugs 4 2.3 Classifying psychoactive drugs 4 2.4 Other useful drug terms 5 2.5 What legislative options exist for drugs? 7 2.6 What do the terms ‘decriminalisation’ and ‘legalisation’ mean? 8 2.7 Diversion programs 9 3. A brief history of Australia’s drug laws 13 4. The theory behind Australia’s drug laws 23 4.1 Why have strict drug laws? 23 4.2 Reducing negative externalities and overcoming market failure 23 4.3 Reducing harm to individuals 28 4.4 Promoting and protecting moral values 30 5. Flaws in the strict prohibition approach 33 5.1 The direct costs of prohibition 33 5.2 The indirect costs of prohibition 34 6. -
Inaugural Speeches in the NSW Parliament Briefing Paper No 4/2013 by Gareth Griffith
Inaugural speeches in the NSW Parliament Briefing Paper No 4/2013 by Gareth Griffith ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author would like to thank officers from both Houses for their comments on a draft of this paper, in particular Stephanie Hesford and Jonathan Elliott from the Legislative Assembly and Stephen Frappell and Samuel Griffith from the Legislative Council. Thanks, too, to Lenny Roth and Greig Tillotson for their comments and advice. Any errors are the author’s responsibility. ISSN 1325-5142 ISBN 978 0 7313 1900 8 May 2013 © 2013 Except to the extent of the uses permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means including information storage and retrieval systems, without the prior consent from the Manager, NSW Parliamentary Research Service, other than by Members of the New South Wales Parliament in the course of their official duties. Inaugural speeches in the NSW Parliament by Gareth Griffith NSW PARLIAMENTARY LIBRARY RESEARCH SERVICE Gareth Griffith (BSc (Econ) (Hons), LLB (Hons), PhD), Manager, Politics & Government/Law .......................................... (02) 9230 2356 Lenny Roth (BCom, LLB), Acting Senior Research Officer, Law ............................................ (02) 9230 3085 Lynsey Blayden (BA, LLB (Hons)), Research Officer, Law ................................................................. (02) 9230 3085 Talina Drabsch (BA, LLB (Hons)), Research Officer, Social Issues/Law ........................................... (02) 9230 2484 Jack Finegan (BA (Hons), MSc), Research Officer, Environment/Planning..................................... (02) 9230 2906 Daniel Montoya (BEnvSc (Hons), PhD), Research Officer, Environment/Planning ..................................... (02) 9230 2003 John Wilkinson (MA, PhD), Research Officer, Economics ...................................................... (02) 9230 2006 Should Members or their staff require further information about this publication please contact the author. -
Upholding the Australian Constitution Volume Nineteen
Chapter Six The Politics of Federalism Ben Davies In 1967 Sir Robert Menzies published Central Power in the Australian Commonwealth. In this book he adopted the labels coined by Lord Bryce to describe the two forces which operate in a federation—the centripetal and the centrifugal. For those uneducated in physics, such as myself, centripetal means those forces which draw power towards the centre, or the Commonwealth, whilst centrifugal forces are those which draw power outwards towards the States. Menzies remarked that these forces are constantly competing against each other, and that the balance between them is never static.1 Not surprisingly, his view in 1967 was that the centripetal forces had well and truly predominated during the previous 66 years of Federation. Of course, he would not need long to reach the same conclusion were he to consider the same question now, 40 years later. Essentially there are three levels on which these two forces exert themselves. The first and most fundamental is the legal level, which describes the constitutional structures which determine the federal balance. On questions of federalism this Society has since its inception quite rightly concentrated most on this level of federalism, as it is at this level that the most profound changes have occurred. It is also the most influential level, as it sets the boundaries within which the other two levels can operate. The second level is what I would call the financial level, and this level concerns itself with the question of the relative financial powers of the States and Commonwealth. In particular, this level is characterised by the ever-increasing financial dominance of the Commonwealth relative to the States, and the “vertical fiscal imbalance” with which the States have had to contend for most of their existence since Federation. -
Koala Protection Act Sent to Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull
23 May 2016 Australian Press Release: Koala Protection Act sent to Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull Koala Foundation The Australian Koala Foundation (AKF) has written to Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull, Opposition Leader Bill Shorten, Nationals Leader Barnaby Joyce and Greens Leader Richard A.C.N. 010 922 102 Di Natale today to request their support for a Koala Protection Act. The Koala Protection Act is a piece of national legislation that has been formulated by the AKF in consultation with legal teams in Australia and overseas focusing on protecting Koala habitat. Current legislation focuses on the Koala itself but not their habitat. A draft of the Act was enclosed, along with a Statutory Declaration for all leaders to sign prior to the election that states that they will seek to support the Koala via this legislation should they be re-elected. CEO of the AKF Deborah Tabart OAM said that the Act is based on the USA’s Bald Eagle Act that brought the Bald Eagle back from the brink of extinction. She said as Australia’s national icon, the Koala needs the same strength of purpose. “It is not our intention to offend the leaders by requesting they sign a Statutory Declaration, but rather a determination borne of frustration over the AKF’s 30-year experience,” said Ms Tabart. “Since 1988 when I was appointed as CEO of the AKF I have had conversations and correspondence with the who’s who of Australian politics; Environment Ministers at the Federal level and Premiers at the State level."[see notes below] Ms Tabart said the number of Environment Ministers in each State and the Mayors of the 320 Councils in Koala Habitat that she has also corresponded with is too high to remember. -
Country Week: Bringing the City to the Country?
Country Week: Bringing the City to the Country? Phil McManus and John Connell Recent decades have seen seemingly inexorable population decline in many parts of rural and regional Australia, despite local and national strategies to avert emerging economic and population imbalances (Country Shire Councils Association and Country Urban Councils Association Working Party; Pritchard and McManus). Since 2004 a novel initiative has sought to encourage new migration flows into rural Australia. Country Week, a three-day city fair operating in New South Wales and Queensland, involves rural and regional councils and other organisations publicising the advantages of rural areas and small towns and encouraging households to relocate from cities. Unlike most strategies for regional development, which are usually based on stimulating business activity, Country Week is a private sector initiative (albeit supported by governments), and is targeted at particular households. Country Week seeks to revitalise less obviously attractive regional areas as well as meeting and matching employment demands and opportunities in thriving regional areas. In so doing it has stimulated new ways of conceiving the country, challenged some perceptions of an urban-rural divide and created more flexible images of rural life. Initiated by business groups from Armidale, in northern New South Wales, Country Week Expo has been held on four occasions in Sydney, and in Brisbane for the first time in 2007. The locations varyÐRosehill Gardens Racecourse in western Sydney contrasts with the inner-urban South Bank location in Brisbane. Entry is free to the public. The event is supported by significant political figures from across the political divide. Former Labor Premier of NSW, Morris Iemma, opened the 2006 Expo, which also featured a keynote speech by then Liberal Party Senator Amanda Vanstone, while the Expo has prominent National Party support. -
Public Leadership—Perspectives and Practices
Public Leadership Perspectives and Practices Public Leadership Perspectives and Practices Edited by Paul ‘t Hart and John Uhr Published by ANU E Press The Australian National University Canberra ACT 0200, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at: http://epress.anu.edu.au/public_leadership _citation.html National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Title: Public leadership pespectives and practices [electronic resource] / editors, Paul ‘t Hart, John Uhr. ISBN: 9781921536304 (pbk.) 9781921536311 (pdf) Series: ANZSOG series Subjects: Leadership Political leadership Civic leaders. Community leadership Other Authors/Contributors: Hart, Paul ‘t. Uhr, John, 1951- Dewey Number: 303.34 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design by John Butcher Images comprising the cover graphic used by permission of: Victorian Department of Planning and Community Development Australian Associated Press Australian Broadcasting Corporation Scoop Media Group (www.scoop.co.nz) Cover graphic based on M. C. Escher’s Hand with Reflecting Sphere, 1935 (Lithograph). Printed by University Printing Services, ANU Funding for this monograph series has been provided by the Australia and New Zealand School of Government Research Program. This edition © 2008 ANU E Press John Wanna, Series Editor Professor John Wanna is the Sir John Bunting Chair of Public Administration at the Research School of Social Sciences at The Australian National University. He is the director of research for the Australian and New Zealand School of Government (ANZSOG). -
Labor's Conflict: Big Business, Workers and the Politics of Class
P1: SJT Trim: 228mm × 152mm Top: 12.653mm Gutter: 21.089mm CUAU095-FM cuau095/Bramble ISBN: 978 0 521 13804 8 September 17, 2010 11:9 LABOR’S CONFLICT Big business, workers and the politics of class Once widely regarded as the workers greatest hope for a better world, the ALP today would rather project itself as a responsible manager of Australian capitalism. Labor’s Conflict provides an insightful account of the transforma- tions in the Party’s policies, performance and structures since its formation. Seasoned political analysts Tom Bramble and Rick Kuhn offer an inci- sive appraisal of the Party’s successes and failures, betrayals and electoral triumphs in terms of its competing ties with bosses and workers. The early chapters outline diverse approaches to understanding the nature of the Party and then assess the ALP’s evolution in response to major social upheavals and events, from the strikes of the 1890s, through two World Wars, the Great Depression, and the post-war boom. The records of the Whitlam, Hawke, Keating, Rudd and Gillard governments are then dissected in detail. The compelling conclusion offers alternatives to the Australian Labor Party, for those interested in progressive change. Tom Bramble is Senior Lecturer in Industrial Relations in the School of Business at the University of Queensland. Rick Kuhn is Reader in Political Science in the School of Politics and Inter- national Relations at the Australian National University. i P1: SJT Trim: 228mm × 152mm Top: 12.653mm Gutter: 21.089mm CUAU095-FM cuau095/Bramble ISBN: 978 -
Australia: Professor Marian Simms Head, Political Studies Department
Australia: Professor Marian Simms Head, Political Studies Department University of Otago Paper prepared for presentation at the joint ANU/UBA ‘John Fogarty Seminar’, Buenos Aires, Argentina 26-27 April 2007 Please note this paper is a draft version and is not for citation at this stage 1 Overview: Australian has been characterized variously as ‘The Lucky Country’ (Donald Horne), ‘A Small Rich Industrial Country’ (Heinz Arndt), and as suffering from ‘The Tyranny of Distance’ (Geoffrey Blainey). These distinguished authors have all mentioned negatives alongside positives; for example, political commentator Donald Horne’s famous comment was meant to be ironic – Australia’s affluence, and hence stability, were founded on good luck via rich mineral resources. For Blainey, the historian, geography mattered, both in terms of the vast distances from Europe and in terms of the vast size of the country.1 For economic historian Arndt, size was a double-edged sword – Australia had done well in spite of its small population. Those commentatories were all published in the 1970s. Since then much has happened globally, namely the stock market crash of the eighties, the collapse of communism in the late eighties and early nineties, the emergence of the Asian tigers in the nineties, and the attack on New York’s twin towers in 2001. All were profound events. It is the argument of this paper that in spite of these and other challenges, Australia’s institutional fabric has incorporated economic, social and political change. This is not to say that it has solved all of its social and economic problems, especially those dealing with minority groups such as the indigenous community, disaffected youth and some immigrant groups. -
NSW and Gambling Revenue Briefing Paper No. 16/96
NSW PARLIAMENTARY LIBRARY RESEARCH SERVICE NSW and Gambling Revenue by John Wilkinson Briefing Paper No. 16/96 NSW PARLIAMENTARY LIBRARY RESEARCH SERVICE Dr David Clune (230 2484), Manager Ms Honor Figgis (230 2768) Research Officer, Law Dr Gareth Griffith (230 2356) Senior Research Officer, Politics and Government Ms Fiona Manning (230 3085) Research Officer, Law/Social Issues Mr Stewart Smith (230 2798) Research Officer, Environment Ms Marie Swain (230 2003) Research Officer, Law Mr John Wilkinson (230 2006) Research Officer, Economics ISSN 1325-5142 ISBN 0 7310 5957 3 © 1996 Except to the extent of the uses permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means includin g information storage and retrieval systems, without the prior written consent from th e Librarian, New South Wales Parliamentary Library, other than by Members of the New South Wales Parliament in the course of their official duties. Should Members or their staff require further information about this publicatio n please contact the author. October 1997 Briefing Paper is published by the NSW Parliamentary Library CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Introduction ................................................. .3 2. Previous Occurrences of Government Recourse to Revenue from Gambling ..................................... .4 3. The Expansion of Racing, Poker Machine Playing and Lotteries in NSW ..6 4. The Circumstances of Government Inclination towards Gambling as a Source of Revenue ................................ 14 5. Basic Economic and Financial Breakdown of Gambling, and Government Revenue from Gambling, in New South Wales ........16 6. The Expansion of NSW Government Revenue Raising from Gambling: By Category .............................21 7. -
PIR 1,103 Property Investment Report
Property Investment Report PIR 1,103 54 King Street, St. Marys, Sydney, NSW 2760 Positive Real Estate Pty Ltd Suite 3, Level 2, 11 Albany St St Leonards NSW 2065 P: +61 1300 365 886 F: +61 2 8282 4432 www.positiverealestate.com.au Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................... 2 Disclaimer......................................................................................................... 3 54 King Street, St Marys, Sydney NSW 2760 ......................................................... 4 Liquidity Meter .................................................................................................. 5 Property Overview ............................................................................................. 6 Why Invest In St. Marys? .................................................................................... 7 Key Investment Indicators ............................................................................ 8 Price List .......................................................................................................... 9 Tenancy Details .............................................................................................. 9 Media & Related Reports ................................................................................... 10 Artist Impressions ............................................................................................ 21 Schedule of Finishes ........................................................................................ -
Legislative Assembly
90 LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY Wednesday 30 April 2003 ______ Mr Speaker (The Hon. John Joseph Aquilina) took the chair at 10.00 a.m. Mr Speaker offered the Prayer. BUSINESS OF THE HOUSE Inaugural Speeches Motion by Mr Scully agreed to: That the business of the House be interrupted to permit the honourable member for Rockdale to make his inaugural speech forthwith. INAUGURAL SPEECHES Mr SARTOR (Rockdale—Minister for Energy and Utilities, Minister for Science and Medical Research, Minister Assisting the Minister for Health (Cancer), and Minister Assisting the Premier on the Arts) [10.00 a.m.] (Inaugural Speech): It is an honour to rise as an elected member of this Parliament and I am particularly proud to have been elected the member for Rockdale. It is an electorate as ethnically diverse as Australia itself, with the majority of its residents coming from non-English speaking backgrounds, the major groups being Arabic, Greek, Macedonian and Chinese. Whilst the constituency is a culturally diverse community there are issues of common concern to the people of my electorate, the major issues being planning and development and crime relating to car hoons, especially in Brighton-Le-Sands. Other issues of concern to the constituency include the protection and preservation of open space, the care of the Botany Bay foreshore, traffic, public transport and, I might add, the performance of Rockdale council. My priority as the local member will be to work as hard as I can to address these concerns. The seat of Rockdale was first established in 1927. It ceased to exist due to boundary changes in the 1930s but was reborn in 1941, and has not looked back since. -
An Examination of the New South Wales Electronic Gaming Machine Industry 1995 to 2005 and Its Historical, Regulatory, Political and Economic Contexts
An Examination of the New South Wales Electronic Gaming Machine Industry 1995 to 2005 and its Historical, Regulatory, Political and Economic Contexts Mark Sargent MBA MMktg Doctor of Philosophy July 2012 Statement of Originality This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university or other tertiary institution and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference has been made in the text. I give consent to this copy of my thesis, when deposited in the University Library, being made available for loan and photocopying subject to the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. (Signed) ________________________ Mark Sargent i Acknowledgements I liken the completion of this work to the intellectual equivalent of winning the Tour de France. Although after a long and arduous journey, of many stages, only one rider has the honour of wearing the maillot jaune down the Champs Élysées, behind that rider is an entire team which in some significant respects shares in the satisfaction of the achievement. So also, I hope, shall be the case in respect of this thesis, and, as such I wish to acknowledge the indispensible contributions of the team that has supported me. To my supervisors Scott Holmes, John Jenkins, Ron Plotnikoff and David Lubans, I firstly express my gratitude for your assistance and guidance. I also express my admiration of your perseverance and ability to bring focus to my often tangential meanderings. I also thank Kim Colyvas for his invaluable contribution to the task of transforming a vast, and vastly disorganised, data set into a consistent and comprehensible form that allowed its meaningful analysis.