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Fisk University Race Relations Institute 1962-1963 To: Participants In Race Relations Institute Fisk University Nashville, Tennessee From: Ocie Lee Smith, Co-Participant Re: Copy of Speech by Heslip M. Lee,Executive Director Virginia Council on Human Relations

A delightful spirit of sharing was exemplified throughout the 20th Annual Race Relations Institute. In this same vein, I send you this material, predicated upon our unwritten reciprocal agreement. Best wishes and may God bless you in your un­ relenting efforts for the upliftment of humanity, and the elevation of 'His Kingdom'.

Virginia Council on Human Relations 17 East Cary Street Richmond 19, Virginia July 25, 1963 WE INVITE YOU to the provocative, informative THE PLACE: Fisk University, and helpful discussions of one of the nation's most im­ Nashville, Tennessee. portant LEADERSHIP TRAINING INSTITUTES IN RACE RELATIONS. Sessions are in air-conditioned Teachers, ministers, intergroup relations officials and Park-Johnson Hall. I lousing board members, social workers, labor union members, personnel workers, housewives, college students—this and dining facilities are provided opportunity is provided for your interest in TODAY'S on the university campus. MOST URGENT AND CRUCIAL DOMESTIC ISSUE. THE COST: $80.00 for room, tuition and

PLAN NOW to come to the 20th ANNUAL RACE board. RELATIONS INSTITUTE at FISK UNIVERSITY. A limited number ol partial and Get your school, church, labor union, agency or organiza­ tion to send a representative. lull scholarships are available. Twenty-five of the country's top authorities in intergroup "An immensely refreshing experience" which relations will serve as lecturers and consultants. you will enjoy with 130 participants from 30 A special clinic on RELIGION AND RACE, held in cooperation with the DEPARTMENT OF RACIAL states in exploring the racial problems of hous­ AND CULTURAL RELATIONS of the NATIONAL ing, employment, education, religion and other COUNCIL OF CHURCHES, will feature these sessions. fields. Additional clinics on EMPLOYMENT and COMMU­ NITY ACTION will run throughout the Institute each THREE SEMESTER HOURS of academic afternoon, with basic, factual presentations coming in MORNING SEMINARS and EVENING SPECIAL credit in either sociology or education may be LECTURES. earned.

A joint project of the Race Relations Programs of the UNITED CHURCH OF CHRIST under its Division of Higher Education and the American Missionary Association, the Council for Chris­ tian Social Action, and with Fisk University. In Cooperation with: The Department of Racial and Cultural June 24 thru July 6 Relations. NATIONAL COUNCIL OF ClIT'RCIIF.S. APPLY AND WRITE TO: Dr. Herman H. Long Dr. Galen R. Weaver Dr. J. Oscar Lee Director Council for Christian Social Department of Racial and Cultural Relations Annual Race Relations Action National Council of Churches Institute United Church of Christ 475 Riverside Drive Fisk University 287 Park Avenue South New York 27, New York Nashville 8, Tennessee New York 10, New York _. 0) FROM 4-1 RACE RELATIONS DEPARTMENT LU 3 h- 4-1 AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION UNITED CHURCH OF CHRIST < t£> FISK UNIVERSITY >« trt NASHVILLE 8, TENNESSEE 3 c o KT) 4-> LU 01 96 3 thr u cz s TO TO: LU CD

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PROGRAM SCHEDULE

HUMAN RIGHTS THE NEW CENTURY

I

20th ANNUAL RACE RELATIONS INSTITUTE American Missionary Association United Church Board for Homeland Ministries Fisk University Nashville, Tennessee

June 24 - July 6, 1963

*

I "HUMAN RIGHTS — THE NEiJ CENTURY

First Week

Monday, June 24 8:30 - 11:00 Registration -- Park-Johnson Hall 11:00 - 12.15 Introductory Session — Park-Johnson Auditorium 1:30 - 3:30 Keynote Presentation: "Human Rights — The New Century'' Dr. Herman H. Long, Secretary for Race Relations, United Church Board for Homeland Ministries

Panel Discussion - Dr. J. Oscar Lee, Executive Director, Department of Racial and Cultural Relations, National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A. Dr. Galen R. Weaver, Racial and Cultural Relations, United Church of Christ Dr. Garry S. Oniki, Racial and Cultural Relations, United Church of Christ

7:30 p.m. "Religious and Ethical Dimensions of the Racial Issue" Dr. James Sellers, The Divinity School, Vanderbilt University

9:30 p.m. Get Acquainted -- Student Union Building

Tuesday, June 25

8:00 - 9:30 "Race: Recapitulation and Re-definition" Dr. Herbert Barringer, Department of Sociology, Northwestern University

9:30 - 10:00 Coffee Break 10:00 - 11:30 "American Race Relations: An Historical View" Dr, Harold Bradley, Department of History, Vanderbilt University 1:30 - 3:30 Clinics

7:30 p.m. Organ Concert - Fisk University Chapel Wednesday, June 26

8:00 - 9:30 "The Congress and Civil Rights" Attorney Herman Edelsberg, Washington, D. C. National Office Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith

9:30 - 10:00 Coffee Break 10:00 - 11:30 "Perspective on American Group Issues" The Honorable Brooks Hays, Special Assistant to the President of the United States, Washington, D. C. 1:30 - 3:30 Clinics

Thursday, June 27

8:00 - 9:30 "Anti-Semitism: Issues and Problems" Rabbi Marc H. Tanenbaum, Director, Interreligious Affairs Department, The American Jewish Committee 9:30 - 10:00 Coffee Break

10:00 - 11:30 "The Negro Response" Dr. Robert Johnson, City College of New York, New York City 1:30 - 3:30 Clinics

Fr iday, June 28 8:00 - 9:30 "The Indian-American: Problems and Prospect" Dr. Robert Rietz, Director, American Indian Center, Chicago, Illinois

9:30 - 10:00 Coffee Break 10:00 - 11:30 "Legal Approaches to De Facto School Segregation" Mr. Robert Carter, General Counsel, National asso­ ciation for the Advancement of Colored People 1:30 - 3:30 Clinics

7:30 p.m. "The Puerto Rican Minority: Issues and Problems" Dr, Max Wolff, Director of Research, Department of Labor, Migration Division, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico

Saturday. June 29 9:00 - 10:30 "A Case Study in Northern School Segregation" Dr. Max Wolff Second Week

Sunday, June 30

9:45 Worship Service — Fisk University Chapel

11:00 Visit church of your choice

2:00 Trip to The Hermitage

Monday, July 1 8:00 - 9:30 "Race and Housing" Mr. John McDermott, Director, Catholic Interracial Council, Chicago, Illinois

9:30 - 10:00 Coffee Break 10:00 - 11:30 "The Presidential Housing Order: Its Implications" FHA: Mr. Albert Thompson, Federal Housing Adminis­ tration, Atlanta, Georgia

PHA: Mr. Hubert Jackson, Public Housing Administrs tion, Atlanta, Georgia

1:30 - 3:30 Clinics

Tuesday, July 2 8:00 - 9:30 "Federal Initiative to Secure the Right to Vote" Mr, John Doar, Civil Rights Division, U. S. Depart­ ment of Justice, Washington, D. C.

9:30 - 10:00 Coffee Break

10:00 - 11:30 "Voter Registration in the Deep South" The Reverend Andrew Young, Southern Christian Leadership Conference, Atlanta, Georgia

1:30 - 3:30 Clinics

7:30 p.m. "The Role of the Southern White Liberal" Attorney Marion A. Wright, Vice President, Southern Regional Council, Atlanta, Georgia Wednesday, July 3

8:00 - 9:30 "Federal Instrumentation of Equal Job Opportunity" Mr. Hobart Taylor, Jr., Executive Vice Chairman, The President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity, Washington, D. C,

9:30 - 10:00 Coffee Break 10:00 - 11:30 "New Thrusts in the Civil lights Field" Mr. Clyde C. Ferguson, General Counsel, U. S. Commission on Civil Rights, Washington, D. C.

1:30 - 3:30 Clinics

7:30 p. m. "Race in World Dimension" Dr. Daisuke Kitagawa, Executive Secretary, Division of Domestic Mission, National Council of Protes­ tant Episcopal Churches

Thursday, July 4

8:00 - 9:30 "The Status of School Desegregation" Mr. Reed Sarratt, Executive Director, Southern Educa­ tion Reporting Service (Southern School News), Nashville, Tennessee

9:30 - 10:00 Coffee Break

10:00 - 11130 "The Legal Defense for Nonviolent Direct Action Participants" Attorney Peter A. Hall, Birmingham, Alabama

1:30 - 3:30 Clinics

Friday, July 5 8:00 - 9:30 "State Action for Equal Opportunity" Mr. Elliot Shirk, Executive Director, Pennsylvania Commission on Kuman Relations, Harrisburg, Penn­ sylvania

9:30 - 10:00 Coffee Break

10:00 - 11:30 "Impressions of the 20th Annual Race Relations Institute Dr. Lewis W. Jones, Fisk University

1:30 - 3:30 Clinics £^*\ «,oA ~©.«. vw-.*.*Av*. <^I wc| s

/ Saturday, July 6 8:30 - 10:00 Clinic Reports "A Final Word" Dr. Herman H. Long

Special panels, films and film lectures in the general field of human and race relations will be shown throughout the Institute sessions — announce­ ment to be made later. /4 ^CCt^L. 'ft. .^**

TENTATIVE PROGRAM SCHEDULE 19TH ANNUAL RACE RELATIONS INSTITUTE

Sunday, June 2\\

Dormitories Open for Institute Participants

Monday, June 2\\

8:30 - 11:00 Registration, Park Hall

11:00 - 12:15 Introductory Session: Park Hall Auditorium

1:30 p.m. Keynote Presentation: "Human lights and the Public Interest," Dr. Herman H, Long

7:30 p.m. Religious and Theological Implications of the Institute Theme — Dr. Leon Wright, Professor of Religion, Howard Unive sity Divinity School

Tuesday, June 26

8:30 - 10:00 "Race Relations and International Affairs," Dr. Darrell Randall, Associate Professor, School of International Service, American University, Washington, D, C.

10:00 - 10:30 Coffee Break

10:30 - 12:00 "Race and Politics," Dr. James Q. Wilson,

Professor of Political Science, Harvard University

lt30 - 3:30 Clinics

7:30 p.m. Dramatic Presentation by the BISHOP'S PLAYERS:

"An Episode of Sparrows" — Fisk University Chapel

Wednesday, June 27

8:30 - 10:00 "An American Politics for the South," Dr„ Dewey Grantham, Department of History, Vanderbilt University 10:00 - 10:30 Coffee Break 10:30 - 12:00 "The Development of School Desegregation Law," Dr. Paul Puryear, Associate Professor of Political Science, Tuskegee Institute 1:30 - 3:30 Clinics Thursday, June 28

8:30 - 10:00 "The Jewish Minority: Problems and Prospect," Attorney Charles Wittenstein, Southeast Area Director, The American Jewish Committee

10:00 ~ 10:30 Coffee Break

10:30 - 12:00 "The Congress and Civil Rights," Speaker to be Announced

1*30 •• 3 s 30 Clinics

7 ?30 p.m0 Evening Lectures "The Negro in Negro Fiction: An lixercise in Dilemma," Drr Blyden Jackson, Dean of the Graduate School, Southern University

Friday. June ?9

8?30 - 10:00 ";The Rightist Movement in the United States," Lr, Lewis !•> Maddocks, Council for Christian docirl Action, United Church of Christ

Panel Discussion: Implications for Race Relations

10:00 - 10:30 Coffee Break

10:30 - 12:00 ftThe Puerto Ricar Minority: New Issues and Changing Status*" Miss Arrc-nia Pantoja, Director of Community Services, New York Commission on Intergroup Relations

1:30 - 3:30 Clincis

7:30 p.m. Evening Lecture* "Intergroup Contact and Attitude Change," 3r0 Stuart Cook, Professor of Psychology, New York University

:; a our day, June 30

8:30 - 10:00 "Catholics and Race," The Reverend Philip S. Hurley, S.J,, Chaplain^ Fordham University

10:00 - 10:30 Coffee Break

10:30 - 12:00 "New Goals for the Indian-American," Dr. Nancy 0* Lurie, University of Michigan, Department of Anthropology

5:00 p„m. Outdoor Dinner for Institute participants and the Campus Families 3 - •

Sunday, July 1

9:00 a.m. Worship Service: Fisk University Chapel

11:00 a.m. Visitation to local churches

2:00 p.m. Trip to the Hermitage

Monday, July 2

8:30 - 10:00 "The Southern Church and Race Relations," Reverend Will Campbell, Associate Director, Department of Racial and Cultural Relations, National Council of Churches

Panel Discussion: Reverend Edward Brown, United Church of Christ and Miss Eleanor French, United Church Women

10:00 - 10:30 Coffee Break

10:30 - 12:00 "One Issue — Thinking Versus the Amoeboid Sprawl" Margaret McCulloch, Community Consultant in Race Relations, Memphis, Tennessee

1:30 - 3:30 Clincis

7»30 p.m. Evening Lecture: "Housing Integration — Opportunities and Obstacles," Attorney Joseph Robison, Assistant Director, Commission on Law and Social Action, American Jewish Congress

Tuesday, July 3

8:30 - 10:00 "Public Authority and Action for Equal Employment: A Case Study," George Culberson, Intergroup Relations Specialist, Air Force Systems Command

10:00 - 10:30 Coffee Break

10:30 - 12:00 "The South and Race Relations—An Overview," Dr. Lesli* Dunbar, Director, Southern Regional Council

1:30- 3:30 Clinics

Wednesday, July 1;

8:30 - 10:00 "Negro Employment 1962—Problems and Prospect," Dr. Irwin Sobel, Professor of Economics, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri

10:00 - 10:30 Coffee Break

10:30 - 12:00 To Be Announced Thursday, July '$

8:30 - 10:00 "Diary of a Sit-in—An Analysis of the Sit-in Movement," Dr, C. Merrill Proudfoot, Professor of Sociology, Knoxville College

10:00 - 10:30 Coffee Break

10:30 - 12:00 "The Freedom Rides — An Analysis of the Movement," Reverend John B. Morris, Director, Episcopal Society for Cultural and Racial Unity

1:30 - 3:30 Clinics Friday, July 6 8:30 - 10:00 "Community Preparation for School Desegregation," Richard Shapiro, Community Consultant, Anti- Defamation League of B'nai B'rith

10:00 - 10:30 Coffee Break 10:30 - 12:00 To Be Announced 1:30 - 3:30 Clinics

7:30 p.m. Evening Lecture' "Key Developments in the Legal Struggle for Equal Rights," Attorney Jack Greenburg, Director and Chief Counsel, NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund

Saturday, July 7

8:30 - 10:00 Clinic Reports

10:00 a.m. A Final Word.... , Dr. Herman H, Long

Several new motion pictures in the general field of human and racial relations are to be shown through the institute. Announcement of the schedule for these showings will be made later. c HRISTIANITY ndC RISIS A Christian Journal of Opinion

The Mounting Racial Crisis The simplest explanation for the increasingly ur­ has passed without obvious progress. The customs gent demonstrations of the Negroes against dis­ of the nation, the pride of the dominant race, its franchisement, segregation in school and church, fear of competition from a race whose increasing lunch counter and public conveyance, and against education would refute the dogma of its innate in­ every public custom that affronts the dignity of the feriority have inhibited the attainment of justice. human being, is that the Negro feels—as we all Impatience is due in part to the fact that some ought to feel—that a century is a long time to wait Negroes have attained a college education. Thus for the elimination of the "American dilemma." there is now an articulate core to voice the long­ Discriminations against a race in the present his­ ings of the voiceless masses. They have performed torical context are as offensive to the conscience of the same service for their race as the articulate man and as unbearable to the victims of discrimina­ craftsmen performed for the peasants at the birth tion as slavery was in its day. If we recognize that of democracy in the 17 th century. Moreover, they the present situation is more unbearable to the vic­ have given evidence, particularly in the realm of tims of injustice than it is offensive to the con­ sports and the arts, in theater and concert hall, and science of men, we are confronted by the hardness in the novel that the vicious theory of their innate of the human heart, even among those whose hearts inferiority is a fraud. Their leaders in these fields have been softened by human sympathy and the have sparked the flame of the present revolt as stirrings of conscience. Try as we will we cannot much as the students did with their original sit-ins feel the pain of others as vividly as they do. at the lunch counters and their Freedom Rides. If we should still find it a mystery that this burst Since the record of the white Protestant Church, of resentment has come in a period in which the except for a few heroic spirits, is shameful, one ice of the long winter of injustice is breaking—after must record with gratitude that Negro churchmen the Supreme Court decision on segregated schools have been conspicuous among the leaders in the has given unmistakable evidence that the law of revolt. The Negro church in the person of Dr. the nation is now unequivocally on the side of jus­ Martin Luther King has validated itself in the life tice and during an Administration that has shown of the Negroes and of the nation. more concern for racial justice than any previous The impatience of the Negro will not subside one, despite the Southern base of the regnant party until the last vestiges of legal and customary in­ —we have only to consider that social revolt is not, equality have been removed. Revolutions do not as Marx thought, motivated by pure desperation. stop half way. The next step has been outlined by It is motivated by both resentments and hopes, par­ the President's new legislative program, which is ticularly by hopes deferred, which "maketh the the natural fruit of the increasing tension of what heart sick." he has defined as our "moral crisis." The Supreme Court had promised integrated The legislative program as proposed seeks to schools "with all deliberate speed." Yet a decade outlaw discrimination in all private commercial

Vol. XXIII, No. 12, July 8, 1963; $5.00 per year, 25 cents a copy 121 ventures on the basis of the 14th amendment and been in the past. The contribution of Roman the Interstate Commerce Clause of the Constitu­ Catholicism is another story. tion. It will not pass without a great political strug­ We Protestants might begin the new chapter in gle. If successful it might put the legislative cap­ our national life by contritely confessing that evan­ stone on the emancipation of the race. But the re­ gelical Christianity has failed to contribute signifi­ treating white supremacists are increasingly desper­ cantly to the solution of the gravest social issue and ate. Their murders, their police dogs and their ter­ evil that our nation has confronted since slavery. ror have contributed as much to the mounting ten­ R.N. sion as the impatience of the Negroes. We are, in short, confronted with the ultimate, or at least THE TESTING OF THE CHURCH penultimate, chapter in the long history of over­ HERE WAS a time when the Church in Amer­ coming the "American dilemma." Tica might conceivably have done the major Of course laws cannot finally change the recalci­ work of resolving the nation's racial problems. If it trant. Their prejudices dictate customs that are at had become an authentic interracial community, if war with the explicit law of the land and the its clergy and laity had sought justice and healing law that is written into the heart. These prejudices in society, the Church could have changed the are, in the language of St. Paul, "another law in course of American history. my members warring against the law of my mind." That time is gone. Events have moved faster than One can only hope that the Church will be more most Christians. New patterns of race relations are effective in restraining and transmuting these va­ coming swiftly but not mainly because of the grant and recalcitrant passions of man than it has Church. We may thank God for a Christian leader of the stature of Martin Luther King. But the cur­ rent achievements of the Negroes owe less to the Church than to economic, judicial and political pressures. CHRISTIANITY One opportunity, however, remains. If the Church cannot solve the problem of race, the is­ sues of race may solve the problem of the Church. and CRISIS In making the small but real contribution that is A Christian Journal of Opinion still possible to social justice and harmony, the 537 WEST 121 ST. • NEW YORK 27 • N. Y. Church may yet recover its mission and integrity.

EDITORIAL BOARD A troubled conscience is stirring the Church. Fol­ REINHOLD NIEBUHR AND JOHN C. BENNETT, Chairmen lowing significant Protestant Episcopal and Presby­ WAYNE H. COWAN, Managing Editor FRANCES S. SMITH, Associate Editor terian stands, the General Board of the National M. SEARLE BATES WALDO BEACH AMOS N. WILDER Council of Churches has adopted a major resolu­ ROBERT MCAFEE BROWN F. ERNEST JOHNSON ROGER L. SHINN TOM F. DRIVER tion, printed elsewhere in this issue. The resolution RICHARD T. BARER ROBERT W. LYNN won little attention from the press, perhaps because KENNETH W. THOMPSON HENRY P. VAN DUSEN ROBERT W. SPIKE resolutions are an old story, or (as one insider has CONTRIBUTING EDITORS suggested) because the press didn't believe it. FRANCIS P. MILLER JOHN A. MACKAY But this time the cynics may be wrong. There are WILLIAM F. MAY M. M. THOMAS CHARLES C. WEST J. B. DUROSELLE signs that this resolution is different. First, it is GIBSON WINTER HARVEY COX specific. It calls on Christians—on churches and HERBERT BUTTERFIELD WILLIAM LEE MILLER their members—to act. And that means to enter into conflict: to accept the cost of struggle, to risk CONTENTS organizational success for the sake of fidelity, to or­ LAW ENFORCEMENT IN NORTHERN CITIES ganize demonstrations, to seek legislation, to exert PRENTISS L. PEMBERTON economic pressure for the ending of racial discrim­ AN "AGONIZING REAPPRAISAL" FOR NONALIGNMENT? CECIL V. CRABB, JR. ination. Mer„bers of the General Board have pledged to engage personally in direct action. The CHRISTIANITY AND CRISIS, Vol. XXIII, No. 12, July 8, 1963 National Council of Churches is not standing above Published bi-weekly for 24 consecutive issues, beginning the third Monday in September, by Christianity and Crisis, Inc., the strife; it is taking sides with the people who are 537 West 121st St., New York 27, N. Y. Subscription price: Canada and U.S., $5.00; Great Britain, 11, 2s; to students demonstrating for justice. and foreign nationals, $3.00. Second class postage paid at Lebanon, Pa., and additional mailing offices. Secondly, there is evidence that behind the words is the renewed determination of some of America's

122 Christianity and Crisis foremost church statesmen. Bishop Arthur Lichten- of seeing "only a desperate and distorted view of berger, Eugene Carson Blake and Truman B. Doug­ the other side." It is something new to have the lass are in this fight to the hilt. They and other Government place so much emphasis on Russian men with heavy responsibilities are putting this achievements "in science and space, in economic issue at the top of their agenda. They are working, and industrial growth, in culture and in acts of publicly and behind the scenes, to lead their courage." churches and to influence politicians and indus­ Occasionally we have recognized one of these at trialists. They are assigning big money and staff to a time, but the impression given by these words in the task. The National Council has named a com­ this context is striking. Others have suggested that mission of notable clergy and laity to spark action, there is hope for "constructive changes in the Com­ which includes Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Ralph munist bloc," but the idea that hope for peace does McGill, Bishop Julian Smith, Kenneth Clark, Vic­ depend on such changes appears here with fresh tor Reuther and Mrs. J. Fount Tillman. emphasis. The fact that this address was accom­ All this may be momentous. It may be, we have panied by announcements of a new initiative in to say. The follow-through is still ahead. Some of negotiating a test ban and a conditional morato­ the enthusiasm generated in the General Board rium on atmospheric tests gives it added import­ may dissipate as leaders return to their more com­ ance. placent denominational and geographical haunts. The President rightly speaks with great caution. In other cases, where we are sure we can count on Naturally he emphasizes the need for keeping up the leaders, we do not know that their churches our guard. He says that the Communist drive to will move with them. "impose their political and economic system on This time of trial for the American people is a others is the primary cause of world tension today." time of testing for the Church. White Protestants But he also notes the development of "a vicious and can still throw their weight into the struggle and dangerous cycle in which suspicion on one side make a difference. In the filibuster that awaits the breeds suspicion on the other" and says that our President's legislative proposals, the Protestant Bi­ attitudes contribute to this cycle. ble Belt could—unbelievable as it seems—produce One can imagine the arguments the President a Democratic Senator or two who would stand up and his advisers must have had about how much for the Senate's right to vote. More probably, Prot­ should be said in praise of the Soviet Union. One estant voters might sway several wobbling Midwest result of their debates may have been the preserva­ Republican Senators. Furthermore in countless local tion of a complete dichotomy between the govern­ situations churchmen can act, politically and per­ ment and social system on the one hand and the sonally, to affirm their faith that God loves all men. people on the other. The statement that "no gov­ The time is past, we repeat, when the American ernment or social system is so evil that its people Church might have solved the racial problem. But must be considered to be lacking in virtue" was the time is still here when it can make some differ­ followed by praise of the achievements of the Rus­ ence in the solution. Rarely in this world of am­ sian people. biguous moral choices do Christians have so clear This caution is probably wise, but it is not un­ an opportunity to stand for righteousness. In choos­ important that the Soviet Government itself has ing to obey God rather than the pressures of preju­ ceased to rely on terror and that its policies have dice and expediency the Church may discover once led to an acceptance of a much looser relation be­ again what it is to be the Church and to live by tween the Soviet Union and the satellites. Govern­ divine grace. R.L.S. ment itself has improved greatly in both Poland and Hungary with apparent encouragement from Russia. The achievements of the people that are NEW LEAD IN FOREIGN POLICY praised were the result of their Government's ini­ E HAVE long hoped for the kind of lead that tiative and planning. Even the Government's off- WPresident Kennedy gave on foreign policy in and-on dealing with the artists and intelligentsia his address last month at American University. It is has been sufficiently in the open to be conducive to something new for our Government to advise the cultural ferment as contrasted with the methods of American people that they should re-examine their Stalinism. These developments are all important attitudes toward peace, the Soviet Union and the because they give ground for hope of "constructive Cold War. It is something new to suggest that we changes in the Communist bloc." too might fall into "the same trap as the Soviets" To have said more would have made the Presi-

July 8, 1963 123 dent open to the charge that he is becoming soft on between the "free world" and the "slave world" communism. We realize that this charge will be or to assume that the only way in which we could widely made anyway, but the President must be in contribute to desirable changes in the Soviet Union as defensible a position as possible against domestic would be to keep up the deterrent with full critics. strength. Our Government has long since changed Mr. Kennedy was careful also not to tip his hand in these respects, but every indication of such a as to whether he sides with those who believe it is change has been strongly criticized. This makes the best for us to have Premier Khrushchev in power. President's speech one of his most courageous utter­ Nor did he want to provide arguments that the ances. Chinese could use against Mr. Khrushchev to the We hope that the President will receive the wide effect that the United States is only a paper tiger support he deserves for his strong statement about and would never use its nuclear teeth. Could there the effects of nuclear war, which opposes those who be a better example of how difficult it is for a Presi­ still think of the possibility of victory in nuclear dential statement to give a true picture of the world war, and for his announcement of a conditional and at the same time to avoid having the words moratorium on atmospheric tests. Once again we themselves cause changes in the world that are not say that the churches should break their silence on desired? the basic Cold War issues and help to prepare the We have come a long way from the time when it American people for the kind of re-examination of seemed enough to announce the absolute contrast their own assumptions that is needed. J.C.B.

A Sensitive Problem in Race Relations

Law Enforcement in Northern Cities PRENTISS L. PEMBERTON

OCHESTER, N. Y., is economically one of the The police chief did, however, give written repri­ R most prosperous communities in the nation. mands to his men "for not following acceptable po­ Proud that it is still small enough to permit direct lice procedures." This marked the first time, at least and even intimate communication between individ­ in recent years, that a police chief had publicly ual leaders and groups responsible for decision reprimanded his men for actions where race rela­ making, the city also emphasizes unusually fine cul­ tions were involved. tural and educational resources. Other Northern A non-Rochesterian might have taken this as evi­ cities have a far higher proportion of non-white dence that police officials were striving to act re­ citizens than Rochester, which numbers only 10 per sponsibly in this volatile area of law enforcement cent non-whites among its 315,000 residents. Yet for and justice for members of minority groups. Little several tense days last winter it was close to racial could this non-Rochesterian have understood the violence. Those of us who confronted this situation fever-pitch of Negro bitterness and tension then at first hand were dramatically taught one clear les­ gripping the community; nor could he have pre­ son that more and more Northern cities must learn: dicted the fantastic series of events that erupted just law enforcement is one of the most sensitive during the next five days. problems in race relations. Within twenty-four hours of the chief's reinstate­ The crisis was precipitated by the reinstatement ment announcement, a clergy-laymen, colored-white, on February 20 of four policemen who had been nonviolent, around-the-clock "sit-in" at police head­ suspended on charges of having used "more than quarters sprang into existence with hundreds of per­ necessary force" in apprehending a Negro man for sons from all walks of life participating; the City allegedly driving while intoxicated. The man had Manager of Rochester turned over to five leaders of spent several days in the hospital recovering from the sit-in movement police records of the incident, injuries. offered them access to records on earlier controversial

PRENTISS L. PEMBERTON teaches at Colgate Rochester Divinity School. cases, and entered into almost continuous negotia­ He was a member of the clerical group that worked for the establish­ tions with the sit-in leaders joined at times by the ment of the Police Advisory Board in Rochester. This is his first ap­ pearance in Christianity and Crisis. Chief of Police and the Commissioner of Public

124 Christianity and Crisis Safety; Negro leaders voluntarily canceled two Instead, a radically different force is thrusting it­ planned "marches" in order to avoid demonstra­ self into the situation: the new "protest" leader­ tions where violence might have ensued; an inter- ship, emerging out of the impatience and "tired­ faith meeting of clergymen produced a full-page ness" noted above. This growing mood tends to re­ advertisement signed by 118 ministers, priests and gard much traditional interracial cooperation as rabbis warning of serious racial tensions and calling "mere talk." for long-range and immediate action, particularly Thus it is becoming increasingly risky for liberal the establishment of a citizens' review board to Negro leaders to work with whites unless they can investigate charges of unjust police action; the Re­ bring back concrete results. And it is becoming publican County Manager and the Democratic City more difficult for liberal whites to deliver positive Manager issued a joint statement affirming non­ results when conservative white unawareness still partisan political action in this critical area of race; assumes that "token" acts and slight steps forward and the press and other news media gave extensive are achievements. How many whites realize, for ex­ news and editorial coverage to all developments. ample, that the NAACP is having to fight desper­ ately to retain a significant Negro following in many Northern cities? How many whites perceive "Mere Talk" the ominous import of Adam Clayton Powell's Why these startling developments in Rochester? statement, based upon his shrewd reading of the Any adequate answer to this question must begin political climate in Harlem, that Negroes should with what is happening in most Northern cities. repudiate the NAACP and recognize their affinities Today they are being swept by dynamic forces in with the rising tide of Black segregationism? race relations that are both baffling and threaten­ With this brief interpretation of the changing ing. Two of the primary causes are: (1) the in- situation in the North we return to our question: migration of large numbers of Negroes from the Why had such acute tensions developed in Roches­ South looking for new opportunities and often im­ ter? The answer is simple and clear—the Negro patiently ready to give vent to a newly acquired community had become embittered over the issue sense of emancipation; and (2) the increased shar­ of law enforcement. A long list of "documented" ing of our finest democratic ideals with minority grievances had been accumulated, charging a few group members, despite the many subtle or blatant police officers with repeated acts of brutality, denials of the means for implementing such ideals. harassment and indignities. (There was never an Both these forces combine to produce several indictment of the entire police department.) Con­ types of "new" Negroes, all of whom manifest a currently a deepening frustration had arisen pre­ rising mood of impatience and protest. They in­ cisely because of the feeling that their true story clude the able, well-trained younger Negroes in­ could never be communicated to the white com­ creasingly committed to the "freedom now" move­ munity. ment; the older, established Negroes who provide One of the most publicized cases has been that of support for or actively participate in this freedom Rufus Fairwell. In August 1962, while closing the movement; and the "masses" who have become filling station where he worked, he was accosted by tired of their second-class citizenship and are rest­ two policemen. Arguments and violence ensued. lessly stirring to follow any leadership—Black Na­ Mr. Fairwell was seriously injured and hospitalized. tionalism or other—that offers positive and im­ Countercharges of police brutality and assaulting mediate gains. an officer resulted. The character reputation of Mr. The further seriousness of this increasing tension Fairwell and the reports of other witnesses immedi­ in Northern cities cannot be discerned, however, ately catapulted this incident into a cause celebre. until the deterioration in communication between A strong Rufus Fairwell Committee was formed. It colored and white leadership is perceived. No long­ got as far as negotiations with city officials, but the er are there strong lines of communication readily result was only more inconclusive "talk." At an­ available whereby "liberal" whites, after persuad­ other stage the case was presented to a grand jury ing "conservative" whites that there are injustices with the singular finding that neither Mr. Fairwell crying for redress, can take the initiative on their nor the officers had done anything calling for court terms to work with "liberal" Negro leaders. No action. longer can the limited results emerging from this Typical white reaction in this and other cases gradualism assure that Negro leadership will be in has been that a few emotionally aroused protesters a position to respond cooperatively. have been unduly exercised and that officers must

July 8, 1963 125 be firm. (Mr. Fairwell now has a $125,000 suit belligerent in attitude, the possessor of a police against the City of Rochester. And in a dramatic record. He charges the arresting officers with brutal­ new action the Justice Department recently ini­ ity, which they have actually committed. His only tiated a second grand jury hearing at Buffalo. This witness is a friend of similar social position. The resulted in an indictment charging that the two of­ policemen later swear that the alleged culprit re­ ficers did "willfully deprive him of the rights se­ sisted arrest and assaulted two of the officers—an cured by the Constitution ... to wit, the right not offense punishable by a prison sentence. The offi­ to be deprived of liberty without due process of cers' charge places the case in the courts. Any in­ law.") vestigation is left to the opposing attorneys; others What happened in Rochester after February 20 must observe the important tradition of "hands off" offers, I believe, significant lessons for other North­ during adjudication. Yet the defense attorney is ern cities. In brief: on February 20 tension burst often court appointed, having to exercise his duties into the open. By March 26 the Rochester City in addition to other heavy responsibilities, and may Council had enacted an ordinance setting up a or may not be interested in or competent for the nine-man independent, civilian Police Advisory strongest defense. Board—the only such board established by legisla­ The district attorney, because of his official role, tive decision in the nation, as I understand it. In presents a minimum of information, largely detri­ the intervening 34 days Rochester experienced one mental to the accused, to a grand jury that may au­ of the stormiest periods in its history, climaxed by thorize a court trial. When the trial jury has to a five-and-a-half-hour City Council hearing in which decide between the conflicting accounts of the ac­ 67 persons spoke, 44 favoring the board and 23 cused and the policemen, it is obvious that an un­ against. The final 6-3 vote was along strict party just verdict may be rendered. lines, the Democrats favoring and the Republicans Remember the "facts" in our hypothetical case opposing, with two of those voting against the pro­ are that the accused did momentarily resist, that he posal later urging everyone to join in trying to was quickly overpowered by two officers calling him make it work. a "dirty nigger," handcuffed, then beaten with both clubs and fists. The final outcome of this "justice" is a prison term for an assault conviction. A Hypothetical Case Add to such instances of brutality an irritating From the vantage point of hindsight, what are series of insults and indignities hurled back and some of the major lessons to be learned from this forth between racially prejudiced officers and em­ hectic experience? bittered, hostile Negroes, and we are confronted (1) Law enforcement and adjudication is an in­ with the tensions that threaten Northern cities with creasingly critical racial issue in Northern cities. violence and tragedy. One of the important reasons Negroes migrate to the North is their conviction that all too frequently Counterattack they face a "white man's justice" in the South. The policemen, judges, juries and prison officials in the (2) This baffling problem of law enforcement North are assumed to be sufficiently free from racial is becoming so oversimplified and agitated emo­ prejudgments to administer the law equitably. tionally and "patriotically" that correction becomes There are sound grounds for this view. In impor­ extremely difficult. tant criminal and civil cases where the full proce­ Little did those of us who advocated a citizens' dures of the law have an opportunity to function advisory group to review controversial cases quietly in the spotlight of public interest, a colored citizen and objectively anticipate the stormy waters into can usually expect equal justice. which we were venturing. On Friday, February 22, This very achievement tends, however, to lull the during the police station "sit-in," 118 clergymen typical middle- and upper-class Northern citizen, called for a review board. On Monday evening, with his growing alarm over gangsterism and hood- February 25, the negotiations between the City lumism and his realization that policemen face in­ Manager, who had agreed to support a review creasingly hazardous duties, into an overconfidence board, and the sit-in representatives broke down in the justice of all law enforcement and adjudica­ because of further demands by the latter. Next day tion. the City Council unanimously voted to request the Let me cite a "composite" hypothetical case. A City Manager to present an ordinance at the next Negro is arrested, a person antisocial in manners, Council meeting (March 12) to establish a police

126 Christianity and Crisis review board. Thus a remarkable consensus pre­ tained by the Locust Club plus other opposition vailed that action must be taken in the area of law had by the night of the Council meeting changed enforcement, and a review board seemed to be a the political climate radically. realistic step. (We clergy had become convinced Despite these developments, the six Democratic that it is impossible for the police department to councilmen stood firm, and on March 26 they voted police itself since certain policemen can render to establish the police advisory board. Mayor Henry official investigations difficult by false reporting.) Gillette had affirmed in the concluding debate that the creation of such a board was "a moral issue." The members of the board were announced in late May. They represent a high level of community leadership and ability. As of early June the acting executive indicated that no incidents had been re­ ported requiring investigation. We hope that the board is now in a position to serve the interests of both those who may be apprehended by the police and those who have the difficult task of enforcing the law. It is my personal conviction that Rochester now faces the prospect of vastly improved race re­ lations in the area of law enforcement.

Review Boards: a Constructive Buffer Courtesy of motive magazine (3) There is a critical need for high-level con­ sultation between national leadership of the police fraternity and of civil rights organizations on this Then began the counterattack. On February 27 crucial issue. Police Chief Lombard published a statement de­ The highest possible level of just law enforce­ fending the police force. On March 3 an important ment must be the foundation for constructive race Rochester police fraternal organization, the Locust relations. Unfortunately it must now be achieved Club, met and heard Gerald W. Elam, a police of­ in the face of increasing tensions. Police depart­ ficer from Cincinnati. Elam insisted that there are ments of course can do the most to assure its at­ means available to prevent police injustices, and he tainment. reviewed the struggle of police departments across Minimal safeguards desperately needed in every the nation against review boards. Declaring that city include: top police officials thoroughly edu­ such a board would "promote and license civil dis­ cated in the dynamics of the emerging "protest" order," Elam claimed the proposal "whether wit­ movement; salary scales and employment proce­ tingly or not, looks in its predictable result to the dures that assure the attraction, selection and ad­ selfsame objectives of a social breakdown sought by vancement of persons emotionally and ethically the Communists. . . ." Before the meeting ended qualified to wear the police uniform; training pro­ an aroused police force voted its opposition to the grams to assure that rank-and-file policemen are review board and resolved to secure 50-75,000 sig­ also trained in the dynamics of modern race rela­ natures against the measure. tions; careful procedures whereby complaints Shortly thereafter the board of trustees of the against policemen are investigated within the de­ Monroe County Bar Association approved a resolu­ partment. If such steps reduce tensions sufficiently tion holding that existing channels provided safe­ to convince responsible Negro and white leadership guards for all persons. Prior to the March 12 hear­ that justice prevails, police advisory boards will be ing the three Republican councilmen had an­ unnecessary. nounced their opposition to the review board and There are, however, reasons that are both obvious had proposed as an alternative a mayor's committee and subtle why the above correctives are very diffi­ to provide education and training for minority citi­ cult to come by. In many cases a civilian review zens. A number of veterans', firemen's and labor board will be the only step that can assure both organizations also announced opposition. Thus in minority group members and policemen that every spite of strong Negro, clergy and organized labor complaint is being fully and objectively examined. support for the board, the 40,000 signatures ob­ This assumes that the board is constituted as an

July 8, 1963 127 independent entity, separate from the police de­ it can help to generate tremendous emotional and partment, and is composed of fair-minded, judi­ political opposition. cious and prominent citizens; that it is free from In light of the above, several suggestions can be political jockeying and that the members under­ offered: stand the duties and procedures of sound law en­ (1) Study carefully the three pamphlets of the forcement. When all of this is done, such boards National FOPC. Note the ominous thread running can serve as a constructive buffer between police through this literature warning that the principle and minorities, offering quiet mediation and recon­ of civilian review or advice to law officers neces­ ciliation in place of headline charges and jury sarily encourages a breakdown of law and order trials. and "can only aid the lawbreakers and the Com­ Indicative of these deepening tensions is the fact munists." that 35 cities are now in touch with Philadelphia (2) Take seriously the police concern that irre­ to learn more concerning its experience with a sponsible civilians must not be permitted to en­ civilian review board. Before any community can croach upon the difficult professional work of law hope to make a calm assessment of the review board officers. principle, however, it must appreciate the powerful (3) Weigh the implications for the future of opposition now being generated by the National democratic action and law enforcement in our cities Fraternal Order of Police Committees on Human when this police fraternity officially aligns itself Rights and Law Enforcement. This is a committee against such organizations as the NAACP and the of the Grand Lodge, Fraternal Order of Police, American Civil Liberties Union. which has its national office at 414 Wilford Build­ (4) Become alert to the fact that in a constitu­ ing, 101 North 33rd Street, Philadelphia. It has pre­ tional democracy, unlike a police state, just law pared three pamphlets: "Police Review Boards: enforcement rests upon close civilian-police coordi­ Their History"; "Police Review Boards: A Threat nation and cooperation. to Law Enforcement"; and "Police Review Boards: This points to the urgent need for serious, high- Articles, Opinions, Statistics." level efforts to initiate new forms of communica­ The committee apparently regards itself as a tion between those standing for justice for all citi­ watchdog to arouse any community, by means of zens as they enforce the law and those alert to that literature and speakers, to reject any form of citi­ first instance (Judgment at Nuremburg) where zens' review board. Our experience taught us that injustice is perpetrated under the cloak of the law.

An Examination of American Misconceptions

An 'Agonizing Reappraisal" for Nonalignment?

CECIL V. CRABB JR.

HE ONLY beneficial result from Red China's emerge as a new, thoroughly pro-Western version Taggrandizement in India last winter, according agreeing in most essentials with US assessments of to a widely prevalent American viewpoint, will be the Cold War and accepting American strategies a too long deferred reappraisal of nonalignment as for waging it. a viable philosophy of foreign affairs. If this reasoning is valid, Peiping's attack on Many Americans are convinced that throughout India may turn out to be one of those climactic the belt of neutralist states from Yugoslavia to In­ historical events—comparable to Hitler's attack donesia, Peiping's attack was a kind of diplomatic upon Soviet Russia in June 1941—that profoundly earthquake, shattering deeply entrenched "illu­ alters global political relationships and dramati­ sions" and bringing the structure of neutralist cally reverses established diplomatic doctrines. The thought to the point of imminent collapse. These result for neutralist states would be that subtle, American observers appear to believe that if non- complex explanations of global events would be­ alignment survives India's time of trouble, it will come transformed into simple explanations; moral- ethical choices would become clear-cut; and for­ CECIL V. CRABB is chairman of the Department of Political Science at Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, N. Y. merly complicated policy alternatives would give

128 Christianity and Crisis way to direct, unambiguous diplomatic decisions. past several years the Government of India has If this were to occur, the solidarity of the free world tended to soft-pedal (Americans would say, naively in the face of a common enemy would reach the ignore) the ideological dimensions of its quarrel most impressive level witnessed in the postwar era. with China and to discover the origins chiefly in While this result may seem compellingly logical clashing national and territorial interests of adja­ to the American mind, it is disconcerting to ob­ cent, increasingly influential, states. Nehru's gov­ serve little or no propensity among neutralist states ernment is fully aware, for example, that there are to react to the Indian crisis as expected. There has at least two points upon which Communist China been no inclination in India or in the neutralist and Chiang Kai-shek's regime on Formosa are in world in general to recast its global outlook or to complete agreement: that Tibet "belongs" to China modify significantly its position on a variety of in­ and that the MacMahon Line is not an acceptable ternational issues. It is highly significant, for ex­ boundary between China and India. ample, that there has been no official repudiation Another major point of difference between neu­ of nonalignment by the Government of India. In­ tralist and American appraisals relates to the poly- deed, Indian officials have stated publicly that the centricity plainly evident in the once almost mono­ position is more indispensable now than before the lithic Communist world. As an intellectual proposi­ Chinese onslaught! tion, Americans may admit that a widening gulf Even more indicative of the current neutralist now separates Moscow from Peiping. Such an ad­ mentality, however, is the absence of any official mission, however, does not affect official and public admission that India's predicament can be traced attitudes in the United States in any significant primarily and directly to its nonaligned diplomatic way. Communist encroachments upon Indian terri­ position or (the converse of this idea) readiness to tory, along with political ferment in Laos and the believe that China would not have attacked India deepening crisis in South Vietnam, are still attrib­ if the latter had been firmly linked with the West uted to the machinations of international commu­ (perhaps by membership in SEATO). nism. This strongly suggests that any "agonizing reap­ If the villain in northern India is international praisal" is more apparent than real. It indicates communism, India and the neutralist countries ask, furthermore that, whatever the long-range effects how is the Kremlin's obvious discomfiture about of the Chinese attack upon India may be, they may Red China's move and its almost schizophrenic pol­ not coincide entirely with American expectations. icy decisions to be explained? The neutralist view is that the trend toward polycentricity in the Com­ munist bloc is unmistakable, inevitable and, on bal­ Divergent Assessments ance, beneficial to the free world. It seems therefore The observer who is not content to attribute this most illogical to ignore the trend or to adopt a enigma to mere inertia, philosophical vested inter­ strategy consciously or unconsciously counteracting est or incurable myopia in neutralist societies con­ it. Nothing would perhaps do this faster or more fronts a number of major and minor influences ac­ decisively than for India and neutralist states that counting for neutralist behavior. Among these, two follow its lead to announce their readiness to align may well be viewed as fundamental. themselves with the West, thereby making a head- It is clear, in the first place, that typical Amer­ on confrontation between the Western alliance and ican and neutralist assessments of the nature of the the Communist world in northern India well nigh Sino-Indian encounter diverge sharply. To the inevitable. American mind, the Chinese attack is but the latest Moreover, neutralist observers emphasize Red act in a seemingly interminable drama stretching China's apparently limited objectives in India. back to World War II (if not indeed to the Com­ Whatever Peiping's ultimate goals may be, thus far munist Revolution in 1917). Red China's expan­ they do not seem to include total war against the sionism exemplifies the still dominant tendency of Republic of India; nor has Peiping shown an incli­ international communism to fill any "power vacu­ nation to press its overwhelming military advan­ um," notwithstanding Khrushchev's emphasis on tage to the limit against still inadequate Indian de­ "peaceful coexistence" or his occasional readiness fenses. Even the public humiliation Nehru's gov­ to negotiate a detente, as in the Cuban crisis. ernment has endured has not yet induced it to The neutralist reaction to Red China's aggres­ abandon the view that the conflict with China "is sive moves, on the other hand, is characteristically anything more than a territorial dispute each na­ more subtle and complex. Currently and for the tion is determined to win.

July 8, 1963 129 These assessments have induced an Indian re­ Indian crisis relates to the meaning and connota­ sponse to Chinese aggression that emphasizes the tions of the concept itself—a subject about which long duration of the crisis, the necessity for unity American and neutralist viewpoints have tended to and dedication at home, the need to build up the become antithetical. nation's obviously neglected defenses (in part by Prevailing American opinion attributes non- relying upon Western military assistance)—all in alignment to a host of influences, all of which are preparation for ultimate vindication of the Indian considered unflattering by adherents of the neutral­ cause. ist view. In the United States nonalignment is re­ Significantly, the response in India has not en­ garded as a philosophic stream fed by a variety of tailed a fundamental reorientation of policy to­ tributaries such as "blindness" to Communist goals ward countries like Soviet Russia or the United and tactics, and refusal to "face facts" about the States, abandonment of ambitious internal develop­ differences between Communist imperialism and ment schemes in favor of total mobilization or ap­ expiring "Western colonialism." preciable changes in the positions of neutralist These views imply that the roots of nonalignment countries on such global issues as disarmament, nu­ are chiefly emotional and irrational influences that clear testing or strengthening the United Nations. have captivated neutralist minds. Those Americans In brief, the response to Red China's attack is in who view it as essentially an aberration quite nat­ keeping with earlier Indian (and, more broadly, urally equate the Chinese attack against India with neutralist) conceptions of how to deal with Com­ a form of "shock treatment" inducing a return to munist threats most effectively. Such conflicts ought "reality" in neutralist countries. to be kept limited by avoiding Great Power con­ frontations that risk nuclear war. Nonaligned coun­ Lack of Sympathetic Understanding tries ought to rely upon foreign military assistance when necessary but (1) only on the scale appro­ From Belgrade to Jakarta, advocates of neutral­ priate to the challenge, (2) only for the kind of ism are convinced that their diplomatic credo has assistance that is relevant to the danger itself (nu­ never been accurately or sympathetically under­ clear weapons, for example, would hardly resolve stood in the United States. American misconcep­ India's plight), and (3) only when it is clearly tions about it are so pervasive and deeply ingrained understood that acceptance of foreign military aid that it is important to single out a few of them for implies no political alignment with the bloc ex­ detailed treatment. tending it. First, there is the impression that nonalignment Meanwhile, the neutralists continue to hold that implies unawareness of or indifference to the Com­ the only ultimate defense against Communist in­ munist menace. The accusation of "blindness" or roads is to be found in expanding social, economic, "apathy" toward communism deeply affronts na­ cultural and political opportunities within societies tionalist leaders throughout the neutralist commu­ threatened. This in turn demands ambitious de­ nity. In one country after another—Morocco, Tu­ velopment programs, which require that military nisia, Ghana, Guinea, Egypt, Syria, Iraq, Burma, expenditures be kept to the minimum level con­ Indonesia, even India itself—nationalist leaders sistent with national security. have contested Communist efforts to seize the reins A second reason for the absence of any wholesale of power; in nearly every instance they have suc­ forsaking of nonalignment in the aftermath of the cessfully thwarted such efforts. Algeria is merely the most recent example in which governmental leaders BONHOEFFER: "prophet from Finkenwalde" have dealt severely with Communist attempts to The PLACE of BONHOEFFER subvert the nation's independence. Edited and introduced by MARTIN E. MARTY The view that nonalignment springs from indif­ Berger, Forrell, Fuller, Harrelson, Littell, Pelikan and Sherman bring an interdisciplinary appraisal of Bon- ference to the Communist menace underlies the hoeffer's dynamic thought in "a better-than-ordinary tendency here to misconstrue official Indian state­ symposium . . . marked by incisive analysis, scholarly documentation and balanced critical evaluation."— ments after the Chinese attack. Nehru publicly con­ T. A. Kantonen, Hamma Divinity School, in Religion fessed an almost disastrous lack of military pre­ in Life. paredness. But this was not tantamount to a more A SEMINARY PAPERBACK 224 pp., $2.25 I at your religious bookstore,- or general admission of diplomatic failure caused by reliance upon nonalignment. Nor must the latter confession inevitably follow from the former. \39I B'WAY 'N.Y.7 Second, Americans have long imputed inhibitions

130 Christianity and Crisis to the doctrine that its adherents do not admit. WORLD CHURCH: NEWS AND NOTES Nonalignment simply means refusal to join mili­ tary pacts that might obligate them to permanent National Council Action on Race diplomatic alignment with contending Cold War The following is a partial text of the resolution ap­ power groupings. proved by the General Board of the National Coun­ The doctrine has never prohibited temporary ac­ cil of Churches on June J, 196}: ceptance of military assistance from either the Com­ munist or Western camps, or both concurrently, The mounting tide of vigorous action to secure full civil rights for all American citizens has at long when national security demanded it. The classic last moved into the center of this nation's attention example is Egyptian diplomacy before and during and has precipitated an unmistakable crisis. the Suez crisis of 1956, when Nasser accepted (or The crisis must be seen as having three aspects, relied upon the offer of) Communist military aid which are distinguishable but intertwined: without subsequently discarding his policy of non- —a crisis involving the entire nation and the alignment. India's acceptance of Western arms dur­ fundamental concepts of freedom and justice ing its hour of desperate need, therefore, is not re­ that are integral to American democracy; garded by New Delhi as inconsistent with mainte­ —a crisis involving the entire religious commu­ nance of a nonaligned position. nity of the nation and the deepest convictions Third, Americans believe the concept of non- concerning our common humanity and the in­ escapable obligation to act always out of re­ alignment derives in large part from a failure of spect and compassion for our fellow men; will and a refusal to "shoulder the burden" of free —a crisis involving the obedience of the Church world defense. Proponents of the doctrine, however, to its Lord Jesus Christ, and therefore involv­ defend it as reflecting a thoroughly realistic, hard- ing the integrity of the Church as the agent of headed analysis of the problem of national security God's reconciling purpose in his world. for neutralist countries and of the relationship of The Church of Jesus Christ can make no compro­ military alliances to that problem. mise with discrimination against or segregation of Applying this rationale to the Asian scene, the peoples on the basis of race and still be faithful to her Master. God came to make his dwelling among neutralist mind asks a number of pointed questions. men in the person of a man. He went to his death Has SEATO contributed anything tangible in deal­ and rose again for every man. ing with Asian trouble spots like Laos and South It must also be said that while many Christians Vietnam? Do military pacts like SEATO and have worked hard in this cause, the Church has not CENTO foster stable, democratically inclined po­ been free from sin in this serious issue. Many litical orders as bulwarks against Communist pene­ churches are closed to Negroes and other ethnic minorities, church institutions discriminate and we tration? The record in Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, Thai­ have not taken vigorous enough action in the pub­ land and South Vietnam provides little ground for lic domain. optimism. For it is by no means clear that regimes Up to now there always has seemed to be time in these countries can evolve into the kinds of po­ for gradual change, and modest tokens of progress litical systems that afford feasible alternatives to in racial justice were accepted as the best we could do. Communist programs. But now, in the providence of God, the issue is But the most basic neutralist reservations about being sharply focused in every corner of the nation. alliances like SEATO stem from deep-seated skepti­ Negro citizens, in action groups and spontaneously, cism about America's commitment to them. The aided by some white fellow citizens, are moving reluctance of the United States to pay the price of quickly and with great commitment to action that often means suffering, harassment and sometimes victory in Laos and earlier in Indo-China (perhaps death. even now in South Vietnam) is far from reassuring The basic issue has not changed, but it is becom­ to the neutralist mind. And even if the answer were ing more obvious to the nation as a whole. It is affirmative, would the price be a nuclear war in one issue that the conscience of America must face Asia that would perhaps alienate indefinitely Asian as a moral challenge. As the demands for equal treatment take shape and Western societies? in the struggles in Oxford and Birmingham and Such calculations are conclusive in shaping In­ Huntsville, Chicago, Los Angeles, Philadelphia and dian attitudes. For India, as well as for other neu­ New York, and in almost every city in the country, tralist states, nothing has happened to change the the entire nation is faced with the threat of violence and a developing mood of frustration. underlying conviction that nonalignment best Negro citizens begin to suspect that they will serves the national interests of a growing circle of have to bear the brunt of pain alone. Many white countries throughout the Afro-Arab-Asian world. citizens feel that there is no way in which they can

July 8, 1963 131 be effective in changing their own communities (2) To witness to the fact that this is a na­ quickly enough to meet the rightful demands of tional moral issue and not a regional problem. Negroes for full citizenship. Each communion would devise the manner of There is a growing consensus that this summer communicating this invitation and making ar­ may be a decisive period in American history for rangements in Washington for its own constit­ beginning to deal with this haunting sin. The world uency. watches to see how we will act—whether with cour­ (4) In order to insure appropriate attention to the age or with fumbling expediency. immediate and long-term aspects of the crisis, the In such a time the Church of Jesus Christ is General Board requests the President of the Na­ called upon to put aside every lesser engagement, tional Council of the Churches of Christ in the to confess her sins of omission and delay, and to United States of America immediately to appoint move forward to witness to the essential belief that a Commission on Religion and Race. This com­ every child of God is a brother to every other. mission shall have the following purposes: Now is the time for action—even costly action To focus the concern, the conviction, the re­ that may jeopardize the organizational goals and sources and the action of the member commu­ institutional structures of the Church, and may nions in issues of religion and race; disrupt any fellowship that is less than fully obedi­ To provide a national interdenominational liai­ ent to the Lord of the Church. Increasing numbers son with interfaith and other concerted efforts; of Christians who are moved to witness to their To focus and mobilize the resources of the convictions in this crisis may suffer personal indig­ units of the National Council of Churches; nities, alienation and physical suffering. But this may be the price required for the tardy obedience To assist the nation to see this crisis in its of Christ's people. moral dimension. Words and declarations are no longer useful in In order to begin to fulfill these purposes the this struggle unless accompanied by sacrifice and commission shall call on the councils of churches commitment. and councils of church women and of church men Therefore we recommend that the General Board in every major city in the United States to arrange authorize four specific actions as implementation of as soon as possible a consultation and demonstra­ this intention on the part of Protestant and Ortho­ tion in that city designed to develop the next steps dox Christians in this hour of decision: in establishing racial justice and to witness to our determination that the Church shall be fully in­ (1) To invite Roman Catholic and Jewish ecumen­ volved in a continuing effort to change the segre­ ical leadership to share with us in action to aid in gated pattern of American life. desegregation of American life, where possible in When possible, the council of churches should association with the Continuing Committee on Re­ arrange with the Roman Catholic and Jewish lead­ ligion and Race. ership to be full participants in the consultation (2) To urge every member communion to impress and demonstrations. All communions are urged to upon its people the serious nature of the present facilitate full cooperation of their judicatories in hour, and to press vigorously for their involvement the city. In cities where there is no council willing in every phase of the struggle for justice including or able to give leadership to this effort, the com­ negotiation and demonstration. In order to do this mission shall work with the religious leaders of in good faith we call every communion and all these communities who will accept this responsi­ units of the National Council of Churches to ex­ bility. amine their structures and practices in order to The General Board authorizes this commission eliminate discrimination and injustice within the to make commitments, call for actions and take Church. risks in behalf of the National Council of Churches that are required by the situation and are consistent (3) As the first actions of a continuing strategy of both with the substance and the implications of the corporate witness actions and decisions of the National Council of (A) To commit ourselves, as members of the Churches in the area of religion and race. The au­ General Board, to engage personally in negotia­ thorization to the commission includes: tions, demonstrations and other direct action in particular situations of racial tension. (1) The encouragement of negotiations, demon­ strations and direct action in places of particular (B) To invite Roman Catholic and Jewish lead­ crisis. ership to join us in making a united presentation (2) The mobilization of resources to encourage before Congressional committees on the subject legislative and executive acts in order to bring of civil rights legislation. dignity, equality and justice to all Americans. (C) To issue a call to Protestant and Orthodox (3) The mobilization of the resources of the church leaders and an invitation to religious churches in order to put their own house in or­ leaders of all faiths to assemble in Washington der by desegregating all of the institutions of the as soon as is strategic. The purposes of this assem­ Church. bly shall be: (4) The development and implementation of (1) To demonstrate our solidarity in support long-term plans and strategies so that a continu­ of racial justice implemented through civil ing design of action will move us steadily toward rights legislation; the moral goal of full human rights for all. . . . 132 Christianity and Crisis RACE RELATIONS DEPARTMENT AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION DIVISION BOARD OF HOME MISSIONS. CONGREGATIONAL CHRISTIAN CHURCHES

FISK UNIVERSITY OFFICE

NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE

CHAPEL 2-3396

JOHN HOPE, II JUJIQ 11, 1962 DIRECTOR OF INDUSTRIAL HERMAN H. LONG, DIRECTOR RELATION*

Mr. John H. McCray Director for the Carolinas The Pittsburgh Courier P. 0. Box 1^011 Columbia, South Carolina

Dear John:

Your recent letter was a most welcome and pleasant surprise. It has been possible for me to keep up with you in some way by reading your regular columns in the Courier. They are all, almost without exception, consistently perceptive and well wriTten. You have developed quite a skill and competence. The ability and interest were always there, even the essays you wrote for our freshman English class under Margaret Montgomery. You were inclined then, as I remember, toward wordy and ornate embellishments, but I see in vour writing now a simplicity, exact­ ness, clarity and economy of words typical of the truly artful writer.

I don't know where you got my conclusion about the bumper crop of new organizations but I do remember making the statement somewhere in some context. My point essentially was that, sociologically speaking, this represented a broaden­ ing of the range of Negro leadership and a shift from the pattern of earlier years where one or two outstanding leaders — DuBois, Walter White, or A. Philip Randolph — called all of the shots and provided most of the impetus and strategy. On the whole I consider this broadening of leadership quite salutary, especially where it indicates sharpening of attacks at the local community level. But there are many weaknesses, as you have so well observed, not the least of which is the rash of the many young, and old, uninformed Negro ministers who act more from their hearts than from their heads, and who are either trying to play God or to play Martin Luther King. Many of them are quite inept and dishonest, and I think we are all called upon to expose such dishonesty and ineptness wherever it occurs. Mediocrity and muddle-headedness we can little afford in these challenging days in the Negro community.

Your letter gave birth to an idea I very much want to suggest to you. You are familiar, I am sure, with our Annual Race Relations Institute. We are hold­ ing our 19th consecutive session this year. This is the largest and best established program of its kind in the country and it has received rather favorable press cover­ age. Would it at all be possible for you to come to the Institute this yeari as an assignment from The Pittsburgh Courier? Not only would there be a wealth of mater­ ials for your own column, but sufficient daily material for releases on a daily basis. If your responsibilities would permit your taking such an assignment officially from the Courier, we would be glad to pay your transportation here and back to Columbia. In addition we would provide hospitality for you for this two-week period. And if you could do a few special stories for us which would go to the Press generally, I think we could find a modest honorarium to add to this. This is not much incentive, but the possibility might serve both your interest and ours.

As you might guess, this is also a very practical way that I might have the opportunity of seeing you anc visiting with you. Let me have word as soon as you can. I hope very much that you can make it.

Heartiest and best wishes,

Serely yours,

Herman H. Long HUMAN RIGHTS-THE NEW CENTURY

"The principle of equality which applies lo both the similarities and differences WE CORDIALLY INVITE YOU to share the provocative discussions oi in human beings is based upon the criterion of an ethical concept—the dignity of the Institute. Responsible leaders from 30 states, both North and South, will the human person. In turn, this concept is founded in the principle of individual be in attendance. freedom and the principle of equality before the law." INSTITUTE PROGRAM CHARLES S. JOHNSON—from the keynote to the 1949 Institute. Sessions are held in the air-conditioned facilities of Park-Johnson Hall, The Institute combines both formal and informal the social science building. Living and eating accommodations are provided on SOMEONE HAS DESCRIBED PHILOSOPHY AS THE EFFORT TO discussions in its program. Seminars are held each the Fisk University campus. A new Student Union Building and dormitories "SEE LIFE CLEARLY AND SEE IT WHOLE." IN THIS SENSE ALL morning from 8:00 to 12:00, with a half-hour coffee break in the middle. These seminars involve systematic OF US ARE PHILOSOPHERS OF A SORT. WE ARE ALWAYS EN­ are available for the convenience and comfort of Institute members. and factual presentations on the central issues and prob­ GAGED, AT SOME LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS, IN AN EFFORT lems in the field. They are enlivened by discussion from TO UNDERSTAND THE EVENTS AND FORCES WHICH SHAPE THE The roots of the Institute are planted deep in the soil of religious and moral the floor and the addition of special resource panels. In COURSE OF HUMAN EXPERIENCE. commitment. It is the creature of the American Missionary Association which has labored with unswerving devotion in this field since 1846. And it is now the afternoon informal clinics are held from 1:30 to 3:30 which give attention to special problem areas and the The ANNUAL RACE RELATIONS INSTITUTE, in seeking to discover sponsored through the joint concern of the United Church of Christ's Board experiences of the Institute participants. Special em­ meaning and perspective in those affairs we have come to call "racial" and for Homeland Ministries and Fisk University, one of the nation's leading in­ phasis is upon method and strategy. The first week of "intergroup relations," is essentially such an effort. It is an attempt to know stitutions of higher learning. seminars is given to the GENERAL CONTEXT OF the significant events in the racial scene and to look beyond them to their im­ HUMAN RELATIONS ISSUES, and the second week plications in public policy and to the methods for realizing the basic democratic "Fisk University's placid campus is an odd candidate for the center to PRACTICAL PROBLEMS—housing, school desegre­ and Judeo-Christian ideals in human society. Its task, therefore, is urgently of the world on a sultry summer evening. . . . It is a quiet scene, and yet this gation, employment, etc.: practical, but within a context of understanding which would make action both is the center of the world for a moment. The question of whether the free world purposive and effective. deserves lo remain free is being measured here. ... 7/ is an immensely refresh­ FIRST WEEK ing experience to come here from the outside world of dense problems and dis- This year, as the Institute marks its twentieth anniversary, the nation is Human Rights—The New Century (Keynote) celebrating the hundredth anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation. hearteningly slow speed in solving them, to find that the slowest problem of Religious and Moral Implications of Human Rights Issues International Implications of Domestic Race Relations Since much remains to be done in the years ahead to convert this century-old Ihem all has suddenly begun to resolve, almost with breath-taking speed." Historical Roots of Racial Policies promise of a truly free society into a reality for all Americans, the 1963 Institute Saville Davis in the CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR. Psychological Dimensions of Race Relations has been given as its keynote: Race and Politics America's Other Minorities

SECOND WEEK HUMAN RIGHTS — THE NEW CENTURY INFORMATION ABOUT THE New Trends and Problems in Housing Negro Employment Problems The general purpose of the Institute is to orient leaders of local communi­ 196S INSTITUTE The Direct Action Movement ties in the problems, process and methods of implementing better intergroup Church Leadership and Race Relations relations. It endeavors to assess the status of current developments, provide WHERE: Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee WHEN: June 24-July 6, 1963 Federal Action in the Implementation of Equal Rights The South Today authoritative information on the psychological, sociological, political, economic Legal Action for Equal Opportunity WHO ATTENDS: YOU: All interested citizenry—religious leaders, students, teachers, and religious aspects of intergroup problems, and to evaluate techniques and representatives of trade unions and management, members of human relations committees and The Afternoon Clinics, running throughout the strategies. government agencies. two-week session, will deal with EMPLOYMENT, COMMUNITY ACTION, and RELIGION AND A continuing need in this field of concern is for leadership which can help COST: $80.00 for registration, room, board, and tuition tor the two weeks' session. RACE. preserve the integrity of law, substitute reason for hysteria, maintain communi­ cation between groups, and pursue the steady course of justice founded in reli­ CREDIT: Institute members may earn three semester hours of academic credit toward SEE NEXT PAGE FOR PARTIAL LIST OF SPEAKERS gious conviction. undergraduate or graduate degrees. d a> s1) •JfuyQ fo fiyojmjQ fo jpunoj jvvoijv^j 'suoiiepy •uu»x '8 W H M pjjnjm^ puB reiDe^j jo }u3ui}j«da(j aii} i{}tiw 'uoijBjadooo uj X^ISJ9AIUjQ 3fSlj[ AXISHaAINfl 51SM Pu« XSIHHO AO HOHflHO Q3XINfl 3HX J° S3!DU3" suopojai 33BJ au^ J° pafojd ;uiof y INSTITUTE OF RACE RELATIONS JUNE 24-JULY 8961 '9 Alllf" n HNflf

SOME INVITED SPEAKERS AND AHOLN30 M3N aHM-SlHDIH NVHilH RESOURCE PERSONS RACE RELATIONS DEPARTMENT AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION ATTY. JOHN DOAR, Civil Rights Division, U. S. UNITED CHURCH OF CHRIST Department of Justice FISK UNIVERSITY ATTY. CLARENCE C. FERGUSON, JR., General NASHVILLE 8, TENNESSEE Counsel, U. S. Commission on Civil Rights; and Professor of Law, Rutgers University

DR. LEWIS W. JONES, Sociologist and Writer; Former Professor at Fisk University and Tuskegee Institute, and presently Staff Associate in the Race Relations Department, Division of Higher Education and the A.M.A., United Church Board for Homeland Ministries DR. DAI KITAGAWA, Executive Secretary, Division of Domestic Missions, National Council of the Episco­ pal Church; Former Race Relations Secretary, World Council of Churches DR. J. OSCAR LEE, Director, Department of Racial and Cultural Relations of the National Council of Churches DR. S. GARY ONIKI, Secretary, Council for Christian Social Action, United Church of Christ

DR. JOSEPH TAYLOR, Program Director, Flanner aassaNNax '8 aniAHSv^j House, Indianapolis, Indiana AXISH3AINfi 3SI3 XSIHHO do uonrmo aaxiNn DR. MAX WOLFF, Research Director, Migration N0IXVI30SSV AHVNOISSIW NV0DI3WV Division of the Department of Labor, Commonwealth XNawxHVdaa SNOixvian aovn of Puerto Rico '3XVXS" "3N02" ATTY. MARION WRIGHT, Vice-President, Southern Regional Council THE REV. ANDREW YOUNG, Director, Voter Registration Project, Southern Christian Leadership :o; uotteuiJOjui put? uoijeandde ue puas aseajd osjy fj Council and the Division of Higher Education and the A.M.A., United Church Board for Homeland aivig 3NOZ"' Ministries DR. HOWARD ZINN, Professor of Sociology, Spelman College, Atlanta, Georgia •SUOI;B[3-V£ 33«-v£ jo ajnj -iisuj pnuuy u^sijuaMjL au; oi uoissiuipB JOJ uorjBDijddB uv aui puas asBatjj Q £«.J.J CHRISTIANITY and CRISIS A Christian Journal of Opinion

537 WEST 121ST STREET, NEW YORK 27, N. Y. TELEPHONE: MONUMENT 2-8005

RANDOLPH H. DYBR, Treasurer EDITORIAL BOARD RBINHOLD NIEBUHR TO: Participants in Fisk Race Relations Institute JOHN C. BBNNBTT Chairmen FROM: Herman H. Long WAYNE H. COWAN Managing Editor FRANCES S. SMITH Associate Editor RICHARD T. BAKER M. SEARLB BATES WALDO BEACH It was a privilege to have you at Fisk this summer. ROBERT MCAFEE BROWN I am only sorry that I could not become personally ac­ TOM F. DRIVER F. ERNEST JOHNSON quainted with each of you. I felt this was one of the ROBERT W. LYNN best institutes we've had in years, due to the high ROGBR L. SHINN ROBERT W. SPIKE caliber of our leadership and the large body of informa­ KENNETH W. THOMPSON tion they were able to impart in two short weeks„ All HENRY P. VAN DUSBN AMOS N. WILDER of us were vividly aware that we were asking questions and seeking answers in an area of deep concern to our CONTRIBUTING EDITORS HERBERT BUTTBRFIELD own groups and to the nation. This sense of urgency HARVEY COX spurred us to put our best efforts into the search, J. B. DUROSELLE JOHN A. MACKAY WILLIAM F. MAY This same spirit of concern and urgency character­ FRANCIS P. MILLER WILLIAM LEB MILLER izes a small journal I have been asKed to call to your M. M. THOMAS attention. It is CHRISTIANITY AND CRISIS, edited by CHARLES WEST GIBSON WINTER Reinliold Niebuhr and John C. Bennett, two cf th3 best minds in American Protestantism.. Fublished. every two SPONSORS EUGENB E. BARNETT weeks, it seeks to throw the spotlight of Christian faith ROBERT S. BILHBIMER on crucial issues in the politiaal, economic <\nd social MRS. JONATHAN BINGHAM JOHN BRADEMAS roalm, such as nuclear testing and disarmament, racial PAUL J. BRAISTED reconciliation, church-state questions> problems of urban J. HARRY COTTON TRUMAN B. DOUGLASS living, automation, and many more. SHBRWOOD EDDY R. H. EDWIN ESPY FRANK PORTER GRAHAM The enclosed issue is butb the latest in a long IVAN LEE HOLT series calling attention to the moral crisis in cur nation. CHARLES D. KEAN J. OSCAR LEE Other numbers have Included an excerpt from Martin Luther HENRY SMITH LEIPER ARTHUR C. LICHTENBERGBR Klng-s letter from ohe Birmingham jail, on-the-spot re­ A. WILLIAM LOOS ports frcm Ole Mi3s and Birmingham, an appreciation of KENNETH L. MAXWELL BENJAMIN E. MAYS Jame«? Baldwin's "confession" as well as many editorials JOHN O. MELI.IN on race prejudice. EDWARD O. MILLBR ARTHUR J. MOORB, JR. O. FREDERICK NOLDE If you'd like to explore in denth the relevance of JAMES A. PIKE LISTON POPE the Christian faith for sore of the thorn;* questions of WILLIAM L. SAVAGE our day, I can think of no better w&y !;c do so tbaa FRANCIS B. SAYRE FRANCIS B. SAYRB, JR. through the pages of CHRISTIANITY AUD CRISIS. The H. SHELTON SMITH Editors offer a special rate of 9 mor.bne fcr §3.00. CHARLES P. TAFT ELTON TRUEBLOOD WARREN WEAVER LLOYD C. WICKB RICHARD S. WINSLOW Text of Telegram to 15 Governors from Members Race Relations Institute

HASHVILLE, TENN. — JUNE 27, 1963

YOUR ATTENTION IS DIRECTED TO THE FORTHRIGHT, COURAGEOUS AND HUMANITARIAN ACTION THE HONORABLE BERT COMBS, GOVERNOR OF KENTUCKY, HAS TAKEN TO ELIMINATE DISCRIMINATION IN ALL STATE LICENSED BUSINESSES AND PROFESSIONS. THE 200 INTERRACIAL MEMBERS OF THE RACE RELATIONS INSTITUTE, REPRESENTING 35 STATES, THE DISTRICT CF COLUMBIA, -AND ASSEMBLED IN THE 20TH ANNUAL SESSION AT FISK UNIVERSITY, NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE, UNANIMOUSLY CALL UPON YOU TO TA E SIMILAR ACTION IN YOUR STATE FOR THE MARCH TOWARD JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS FOR ALL CITIZENS OF YOUR STATE AND THE UNITED STATES. YOUR ACTION AT THIS TIME WILL HAVE DECISIVE HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE.

MEMBERSHIP RACE RELATIONS INSTITUTE FISK UNIVERSITY

The Honorable George Wallace The Honorable James H. Davis Governor of Alabama Governor of Louisiana Montgomery, Alabama Baton Rouge, Louisiana

The Honorable Orval E. Faubus The Honorable J. Millard Tawes Governor of Arkansas Governor of Maryland Little Rock,Arkansas Annapolis , Maryland The Honorable Farris Bryant The Honorable Ross Barnett Governor of Florida Governor of Mississippi Tallahassee, Florida Jackson, Mississippi

The Honorable Carl Sanders The Honorable James M. Dalton Governor of ?eorgia Goverimor of Missouri Atlanta, Georgia Jefferson City, Missouri The Honorable Terry Sanford The Honorable Price Daniels Governor of North Carolina Governor of Texas Raleigh, North Carolina Austin, Texas

The Honorable James Rhodes The Honorable Albertis Harrison Governor of Ohio Governor of Virginia Columbus, Ohio Richmond, Virginia

The Honorable Donald S. Russell The Honorable William W, Barron Governor of South Carolina Governor of West Virginia Columbia, South Carolina Charleston, West Virginia The Honorable Frank Clement Governor of Tennessee Nashville, Tennessee

* * *

Text of Telegram sent to Governor Bert Combs of Kentucky

THE HONORABLE BERT COMBS GOVERNOR OF KENTUCKY FRANKFORT, KENTUCKY JUNE 27, 1963

YOUR FORTHRIGHT, COURAGEOUS AND HUMANITARIAN ACTION RELATIVE TO

PUBLIC SERVICES AND LICENSED ESTABLISHMENTS IN YOUR STATE AT THIS TIME

OF HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE IS UNANIMOUSLY COMMENDED BY THE 200 INTER*

RACIAL MEMBERS OF THE RACE RELATIONS INSTITUTE REPRESENTING 35 STATES,

THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, AND ASSEMBLED IN THE 20TH ANNUAL SESSION,

AT FISK UNIVERSITY, NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE. YOUR STAND IS A MILESTONE

IN THE MARCH OF PROGRESS TOWARD JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS FOR ALL

CITIZENS OF YOUR STATE AND THE UNITED STATES.

MEMBERS RACE RELATIONS INSTITUTE FISK UNIVERSITY «^ .k^rffc- j^cTUA^ C^T-^^tX^ ~) C^-"| CA^5-^-^-

<** \^ WHY EMINENT FIGURES ON THE WORLD SCENE

RECOMMEND CHRISTIANITY AND CRISIS

ALAN PATON, author of Cry the Beloved Country

"I have a very high opinion indeed of CHRISTIANITY AND CRISIS. Nothing could better set out for the non-American the enlight­ ened American view on international relations, especially with Russia."

Rev. HARRY EMERSON FOSDICK, The Riverside Church, New York City

"CHRISTIANITY AND CRISIS is a very welcome and valuable 'must1 on my reading list. Issue after issue it speaks with forth­ right honesty and vigor on crucial matters facing the church, the nation, and the world. It is alike informing and provoc­ ative, stabbing one's thought out of any apathy, to agree or disagree."

Senator EUGENE J. MCCARTHY, United States Senate

"In my opinion, CHRISTIANITY AND CRISIS is distinguished by the integrity of its approach to all problems and by its will­ ingness to take up those problems in which it is most diffi­ cult to distinguish right and wrong, truth and error."

Rev. EUGENE CARSON BLAKE, Stated Clerk, United Presbyterian Church, USA

"CHRISTIANITY AND CRISIS has been for many years a journal which I believe to be required reading for a Protestant min­ ister who wants to keep abreast of the ethical, theological, and political issues in our nation."

Prof. HANS J. MORGENTHAU, Washington Center of Foreign Policy Research

"I have been reading CHRISTIANITY AND CRISIS regularly because I have found in it consistently a penetrating and stimulating analysis of the problems of the contemporary world, derived from the perennial principles upon which our civilization is based."

The Rt. Rev. JAMES A. PIKE, Bishop, The Protestant Episcopal Church

"This is an age when the Church needs guidance in the art of prophecy, and CHRISTIANITY AND CRISIS comes closer to provid­ ing that guidance than any other journal available to us."

Rep. JOHN BRADEMAS, United States House of Representatives

"As a practicing politician, I have for several years found CHRISTIANITY AND CRISIS to be enormously helpful in intelli­ gently and responsibly illuminating the relationship between the Christian faith and political action." Look Back With Pride Newsweek Christianity and Crisis is a very small tensions, and was one of the first Christian opinions about many public American religious periodical both in religious voices (March 7, 1960) to questions. "We believe," he said, "that bulk (usually eight pages) and in circu­ strike at religious bigotry in the there are Christian presuppositions and lation (8,500). Its size, however, belies Presidential election year. that we are guided by them. One is the its importance. Throughout its life it has earned tendency to be critical of idolatries, both The editorial board includes such the distrust of conservatives who ac­ national and international. I think we influential Protestant theologians and cuse it of being more concerned with also identify ourselves with the victims of teachers as Reinhold Niebuhr and John crisis than with Christianity. Proba­ our tragic situations. Many non-Christian C. Bennett (its co-chairmen), Henry P. bly a 1957 change in the magazine's idealists make the same identificatibn, Van Dusen, Robert McAfee Brown, and subtitle (from A Bi-Weekly Journal of course, but they tend to absolutize Amos Wilder. The list of its (unpaid) of Christian Opinion to A Christian their schemes, and any scheme needs contributors sounds like an international Journal of Opinion) only deepened to be accompanied by a very critical intellectual Who's Who: Lewis Mumford, the critics' conviction. tendency. Not that we are better than Arnold Toynbee, Paul Tillich, Margaret The change, said Dr. Bennett others, but it all seems to make more Mead, Emil Brunner . .. last week, intends to emphasize the sense from the Christian standpoint- This week, celebrating its twentieth fact that there are no distinctive there are more built-in correctives." anniversary, the powerful little fort­ nightly could look back with pride on the way it has reacted to national and world crisis from the moment it was founded. The magazine began its life with a call to World War II, something which was not generally regarded as very Christian in isolationist days. In the beginning it was the voice of Dr. Niebuhr speaking out against a Christian CHRISTIANITY perfectionism which says that all men can do is try to be better Chris­ tians and avoid entanglement with the world. Dr. Niebuhr insisted that human fallibility does not justify in­ nd CRISIS action and that the evils in Western civilization do not remove man's A Christian Journal of Opinion right to defend it against tyranny. Attack: This liberal Christian realism has always been central to C&C's social and political concern. In 1950, when many Americans thought it dangerous to do so, it roundly censured the late Sen. Joe McCarthy (in "The Great Lie") and has never stopped hammering away at "unintelligent anti-Communism." Favoring Christian unity, C&C has spoken for the past dozen years Ameri about ways of understanding and National Catholic Weekly Review WA reducing Roman Catholic-Protestant 9 • • . Yet the public impact of this relatively small publication—its issues average eight to twelve pages; its current circulation hovers around 8,500—in all probability exceeds that of any other organ of Prot­ MANCHESTER GUARDIAN estant opinion in the country. What is the source of this influence? For one thing, C. b- C.'s editorial board includes many of the most pro­ . . . This is a periodical as much concerned with the perils of found contemporary Protestant thinkers. In addition, vulgarisation to our culture due to their temperate, thoughtful and eminently fair approach mass communications as with the perils of nuclear weapons, as much to pressing issues of the day guarantees them a hearing concerned with achieving genuine in circles where such an approach can have maximum charity between Churches as with preventing Protestantism from becom­ effect. Certainly such an approach will be needed more ing mere anti-Catholicism. It claims than ever in the years immediately ahead. As the lead —and rightly—to be " professional editorial in C. ir C.'s anniversary issue of February 6 reading for thoughtful people." Let us hope that it will, in fact, attract notes, the journal enters its 21st year "with the start of a new readers as it looks forward to decade that requires new patterns of thinking and new future publication, for we need the insights of a " Christian journal of policies" in national life. opinion " such as this. OOOOOOOCOCCOCOCOOOOOCOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOCO

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LP c2 TH>ANNUAL RACE R^LAijIONS' ]IN3 T_ifut B June 24 - July 6, 1963Uf

Race Relations Department American Missionary Association United Church Board for Homeland Ministries Fisk University Nashville, Tennessee

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OCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOaOOOOOOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO RACE RELATIONS DEPARTMENT 20TH ANNUAL AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION DIVISION RACE RELATIONS INSTITUTE UNITED CHURCH BOARD FOR HOMELAND MINISTRIES FISK UNIVERSITY, NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE June 24 - July 6, 1963

ROSTER

Registrants

Angevine, Mrs. Genevieve, 1510 North Vassar, Wichita 6, Kansas, tloaemaker*

Armstrong, J. Walter, Box 66, Winter Park, Florida. Teacher,

Arnold, Mrs. Ruth, 219 Linwood Court, Little Rock, Arkansas (Office, 1220 W. Capital, Little Rock, Arkansas). Secretary and Program Assistant.

Aroner, David C*f 6219 North St. Louis, Chicago 45, Illinois (School, 512 Packard, Ann Arbor, Michigan). Student

Arthur, Mrs. Herbert, 1219 Ninth Street, Ames, Iowa* Home Maker*

Asai, The Reverend Sadaichi, Partridge, Kansas. Minister*

Ashley, Loren L. Jr., 1358 Ogden, Denver 16, Colorado. Student.

Ashley, Racheal, 1358 Ogden, Denver 18, Colorado. Family Visitor (Indians). Barber, Carroll G., Staff Associate, Race Relations Department, American Missionary Association Division United Church Board for / Homeland Ministries, Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee. Barner, Miss Sophia Mai, 2703 Morena Street, Nashville 8, Tennessee* Teacher* *Barringer, Dr. Herbert, Department of Sociology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois*

Baumann, Dr. Eunice, 642 Berkley Road, Indianapolis 8, Indiana* (Office, 146 East Washington Street, Indianapolis 4, Indiana)* Indiana University Sociology and Anthropology Instructor*

•Lecturer and discussant* Bearman, Michael S*. 1710 Oliver Avenue North, Minneapolis 11, Minnesota. Teacher. Black, Donald W., 616 North 5th Street, Nashville, Tennessee . Student. Bolander, Betty, 114 Peppermill Road, Lapeer, Michigan. (Office, 1130 Nicollet Avenue, Minneapolis 3, Minnesota). Director, Public Relations and Promotion, Minneapolis YWCA. Braden, The Reverend H, E., 916 21st Avenue, North, Nashville 8, Tennessee, Minister.

Bradley, Miss Marie, 507 East Ferry Street, Buffalo 8, New York. Student. *Bradley, Dr. Harold, Department of History, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. Briscoe, Ruth C., 3095 Cook, Denver 5, Colorado. Teacher.

XBrower, Mrs. Louise J., 1071 Grand Avenue, Toledo, Ohio. Principal Elementary School*

Brown, Miss Florence, 179 Cady Street, Rochester 11, New York. Teacher.

X Bryant, Mrs. Ruth B.t 1211 South W, Parkway, Louisville 11, Kentucky. Housewife. Carter, Franklin I., 120 Morris Avenue, Rockville Centre, New York. Teacher.

•Carter, Mr* Robert, General Counsel, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 20 West 40th Street, New York, New York*

/( Coleman, Henry J,, 178 Dixwell Avenue, New Haven 11, Connecticut. (Office, 70 Dixwell Avenue, New Haven 11, Connecticut). Busi­ nessman (owner).

Cooper, Dr. Constance Friess, 201 East 66th Street, New York 21, New York (Office, 232 East 66th Street, New York 21, New York). Physician* Cuthbertson, The Reverend Rufus, 2297 Headland, East Point, Georgia. (Office, 3346 Main, College Park, Georgia), Minister*

X Cyrus, Miss Elaine, 317 West 74 Street, New York 23, New York. (Office, 16th Floor, 475 Riverside Drive, New York 23, New York). Admi­ nistration Assistant* X Davis, Miss Ariel, 926 Center Avenue, Niagara Falls, New York, Student. Davis, The Reverend Richard Alien,. Campus House, Box 16057, Temple Terrace, Florida,, Minister* --.. *Doar, John, First Assistant, Civil Rights Division, United States Department of Justice, Washington 25, D. C. Dykes, James E., 3740 Hydes Ferry Road, Nashville 8, Tennessee. (Office, 2119 24th Avenue, North, Nashville, Tennessee), Editor, Message Magazine, *Edelsberg, Attorney Herman, Director, Washington Office, Anti-Defama­ tion League of B'nai B'rith, 1640 Rhode Island Avenue, North West, Washington, D, C.

Eklund, Charles E., 11 Summitcrest, Kansas City 1, Kansas (Office, 553 Minnesota Avenue, Kansas City 1, Kansas) Banker. / ...... Evans, Slayton Alvi% D-3 George Reese Courts, Meridian, Mississippi. Student, Tougaloo College, Tougaloo, Mississippi. /( Farmer, Eula May, 250 Reservoir Street, Rome, Georgia. Student. Fentriss, Miss Kathryn, 359 John Anderson Drive, Armond Beach, Florida. Student. Finch, Mrs. Mary Douglas, 2938 Northumberland Avenue, Richmond, Virginia. Teacher.

Floyd, The Reverend Donald T,, 1212 Roberson Street, Reading, Pennsyl­ vania. (Office, 475 Riverside Drive, N«^w York, New York). Missionary.

Floyd, Homer C., 1242 Lawrence, Topeka 7, Kan sas. (Office, State Office Building, Topeka, Kansas), Educational Director, Intergroup Relations. Goodson, Aleice E», 3710 Eagle, Houston 4, Texas. Student.

V" Graves, Mrs. Doreen F., 822 Boynton Avenue, 3ronx 72, New Yorke (Office, 475 Riverside Drive, New York 27, New York). Secretary. y Griffin, Aaron Logan, 2715 20th Street, Niagara Falls, New York. (Office, 15th Center (Bridge Station Box 116) Niagara Falls, New York). Executive Director.

*-/. *Hall, Attorney Peter A*, Masonic Temple Building, 4th Avenue and 17th Street, Birmingham, Alabama. Attorney-at-Law. Haner, Miss Joan, 3800 Yuma Street, North West, Washington 16, D. C« (Office, 1 Westmoreland Circle, Washington 16, D. Cc). Minister, Hannold, Miss Carol Linda, Corey Gables, Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio* Washington Human Rights Project,

Hansen, Floyd L«, 519 McLean Blvd.,Wichita, Kans (Office, City Building Annex, Wichita, Kansas). Executive Secretary. *Hays, The Honorable Brooks, Special Assistant to the President of the United States, The White House, Washington 25, De C, Hendricks, Marilyn, 2569 Adams, Gary, Indiana. Teacher.

yt Hicks, E, B», 122b Buchanan, Topeka 4, Kansas (Office, Valley Forge, Pennsylvania), Minister. Hicks, Mrs, Roena S,, 1228 Buchanan Street, Topeka, Kansas, Housewife,

*Holman, M, Carl, Public Information and Press Officer, United States Commission on Civil Rights, Washington 25, D, C, Y*Jackson, Hubert, Chief, Intergroup Relations Section, Public Housing Administration, Room 737, Peachtree-Seventh Building, 50 7th Street, North East, Atlanta 23, Georgia,

Jackson, Dr, Jacquelyne J, Clarke, Box 7098, Jackson State College, Jackson, Mississippi (Office, Department of Sociology, Jackson State College, Jackson, Mississippi), Chairman and Professor, Department of Sociology*

Jacobson, The Reverend Charles E,, 507 East Pennsylvania Avenue, Deland, Florida. Pastor, Faith Lutheran Church,

Johns, Mrs. Hellyn B«, 917 15th Avenue, South, Nashville, Tennessee* Retired Teacher. j\ * Johnson, Dr, Robert B., City College of New York, 237 W. 4th Street, New York, New York,

"Y * Jones, Dr, Lewis W,, Social Science Consultant, Race Relations De­ partment, Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee.

King, M* Hollands, 911 14th Avenue, South, Nashville 22, Tennessee, Student,

*Kitagawa, Dr, Daisuke, Executive Secretary, Division of Domestic Mission, Home Department, The National Council-Episcopal Church Center, 815 Second Avenue, New York 17, New York, Knight, Hillery Joseph, 731 North Pine Street, Natchez, Mississippi., Student, Tougaloo College, Tougaloo, Mississippi,

Kraft, Miss Laverna Lou, 2626 Isabella Street, Evanston, Illinois, (School, Hayes Hall, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, 0hio)o Student.

Lawson, Ronald, 1708 Scovel Street, Nashville 8, Tennessee, Student^,

Lawson, Theodore J* Sr., 1425 15th Avenue, South, Nashville 12, Tennessee, Letter Carrier,

Lay, John Te, Dubois Hall, Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee, Student.

X*Lee, Dr, J, Oscar, Di-rector, Department of Racial and Cultural Rela­ tions, National Council of Churches, 475 Riverside Drive, New York 27 , New York,

Lee, W, S«, 2283 El Sereno Avenue, Altadena, California. (Office, 1545 North Verdugo Road, Glendale, California), Minister4

Locke, The Reverend Kenneth R., 4720 Haskell, Kansas City 4, Kansas, (Office, 2508 North 12th, Kansas City 4, Kansas), Minister, Western Highlands Presbyterian Church. Lodge, The Reverend John R,, 902 Battlefield Drive, Nashville 4, Tennessee. (Office, 900 Broadway, Nashville 3, Tennessee), Minister, Episcopal Church. Long, The Reverend Harold D., 1208 Finley Avenue, North, Birmingham 4, Alabama, (Office, 1024 Center Street, North, Birmingham 4, Alabama), Minister, First Congregational Christian Church,

*Long, Dr, Herman H„, Secretary Department of Race Relations, American Missionary Association, Division of United Church Board for Homeland Ministries, Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee,

"X Lund, Miss Caroline, 3705 W, Fuller Street, Minneapolis 10, Minnesota, Student-Carleton College,

Marcus, The Reverend Chester I., 475 Riverside Drive, New York, New York. Minister,

^>S Martin, Mrs, Verdelle Day, 1228 North 4th Place, Birmingham 4, Alabama. Teacher. jr Mayo, Mrs. Catherine G,, 1207 Morse Street, North East, Wahsington, D. C, Teacher. McCane, Mrs. Margaret, 1307 Irving Street, North East, Washington, D. C« Civic Interests. McCray, John Hj0 2459 Waites Road, Columbia, South Carolina (Office P, Oo Box 4011, Columbia, South Carolina), News Paperman,

**McDermott, John, Director, Catholics Interracial Council, 21 Wast Superior Street, Chicago, Iliinoia$ ^Mesecher, Mrs. Mary, 3033 Harriet, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Office, 250 South 4th, Minneapolis, Minnesota). Public Relations.

Metcalf, Mrs. Carolyn Be, 1005 18th, Sheffield, Alabama. Teacher. Miles, Merle, 1908-C Hermosa Street, Nashville, Tennessee. Student,

Miller, The Reverend William Jc, 7840 Pemberton Drive, Dayton 18, Ohio, Minister,

Neill, The Reverend Richard, 15 34 Hoonipo Street (Box 77) Pearl City, Hawaii*. (Office, 757 Hoomolu Street, Pearl City, Hawaii), Minister.

Oliver, The Reverend €» -Hexbe'st'* , 857 Hillman Drive, Bessemer, Alabama. Minister.

*0niki, Dr. S. Garry, Secretary, Racial and Cultural Relations, Council / for Christian Social Action, United Church of Christ, 289 Park Avenue, South, New York 10, New York.

Pearson, Miss Beverly Jt, 301 11th Court West, Birmingham 4, Alabama. Student, National College of Education, Evanston, Illinois,

Peyton, Mrs. H, B., 107 Mesa Drive, Maryville, Tennessee. Secretary, Maryville College, Maryville, Tennessee,, Pfister, Robert C., 32 71 Street, Brooklyn 9, New York. Student, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio. Phatudi, Cedric N., 1360 Munsieville Township, Krugersdorp, South Africa. Deputy Inspector of Education, Johannesburg, South Africa. Phatudi, Mrs. Cedric N., 1360 Munsieville Township, Krugersdorp, South Africa, Housewife.

Rasmussen, Ruth, 525 S, Walnut, Lansing 33, Michigan (Office, 900 Cadillac Square Building, Detroit 26, Michigan). Research Director.

*Rietz, Robert, Director, American Indian Center, 411 North LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois, Roberts, Dr, S, 0*, Fisk University, Nashville 8, Tennessee* College Professor, Department of Psychology,

-^Robinson, Frank Be Jr,s 2712 Amick Avenue, Des Moines 10, Iowa (Office, 1800 Grand Avenue, Des Moines, Iowa), Teacher

Rouse, Mrs, Glenn F«, 4715 Chesapeake Street, NB W,, V'ashington 6, D. Co Housewife. Ryder, Morrison L,, 806 Birch, Lansing 15, Michigan (Office, 1023 y William, Lansing 15, Michigan). Executive Director, Community Centero

*Sarratt, Reed, Executive Director, Southern Education Reporting Service, P. 0, Box 6156, Acklen Station, Nashville, Tennessee* Schleicher, William E„, 346 Crosby Avenue, Kenmore 23, New York, Stu­ dent.

Schmid, Mrs. Betty E., 377 Lincoln Avenue, Woodstock, Illinois, Housewife.

Schoevers, Miss Catherine, 1315 20th Street, Santa Monica, California. Teacher,

•Sellers, Dr, James S», Associate Professor of Christian Ethics and Theology, The Divinity School, Vanderbilt University, Nashville 5, Tennessee, •Shirk, Elliott, Director, Pennsylvania Human Relations Commission, Department of Labor and Industry, 1401 Labor and Industry Building, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.

Smith, Joseph F„, F0 0, Box 393, McDonough, Georgia. Principal, Smith, Ocie Lee, Sr., 2809 Montrose Avenue, Richmond, Virginia, X (Office, 17 E. Cary„ Richmond, Virginia.) Associate Director* Spicely, Robert A,, 9830 Forest Avenue, Chicago 28, Illinois, Dairy Sanitarian,

Stevens, Miss Barbara Jo, 498 Seward Street, Rochester 8, New York0 Teacher, Swineford, Miss Ada, 920 Lawrence Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas (Office, State Geology, Survey, Lawrence,Kansas), Assistant Professor Geology, University of Kansas.

•Taylor, Hobart, Jru, Executive Vice Chairman, The President's Committee r on Equal Employment Opportunity, Washington 25, D. C, 8

/i Taylor, Dr. Joseph T., 300 West Fall Creek Parkway, Indianapolis 69 X Indiana (Office, 518 N. Delaware, Indianapolis, Indiana)* Associate Professor, Sociology, Indiana Universitye Teague, Miss Florence, 2106 Partland Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee. Retired. \ Thomas, Miss Violet N., 5731 Berwick Avenue, Apt. 106, Detroit 13, Michigan. Teacher. •Thompson, Albert, Zone Intergroup Relations Advisor, Federal Housing Administration, 101 Marietta Street Building, Atlanta 3, Georgiae Thornton, Richard Sr,, 602 40th Avenue North, Apartment 7, Nashville 9, Tennessee. Mailhandler, Tibagambirwa, Boniface B,, Buyanzha, P. 0. Rukungiri, Kigezi, Uganda. Student, Fisk University.

Trammell, William E., 1719 Windover Drive, Nashville, Tennessee (Office, 1800 White Creek Pike, Nashville, Tennessee). Treasurer,

Trost, The Reverend Walter P,, 52b Moreley Avenue, Akron 20, Ohio, X (Office, Work Drive, Akron 20, Ohio.) Minister. Vaughan, The Reverend Charles Edwin, 419 Central Avenue, South Charleston, West Virginia, Minister,

Vaughan, Mrs Joan, 419 Central Avenue, South Charleston, West Virginia, Housewife*

Watts, Linda, Usonia Road, Pleasantville, New York, Student. •Weaver, Dr. Galen R., Secretary, Racial and Cultural Relations, United Church of Christ, 289 Park Avenue, South, New York 10, New York*

Wenzel, The Reverend August, 392 Haywood Lane, Nashville 11, Tennessee. Minister,

Williams, Mrs. Mildred Anderson, 1384 Melrose Cove, Memphis 6, Tennessee, Teacher.

Wingo, Miss Treva Ann, 1314 Highland Drive, Silver Springs, Maryland,. Student.

V•Wolff, Dr, Max, Director of Research, Department of Labor-Migration Division, Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, 322 West 45th Street, New York 36, New York. Woods, Mrs. Myrtice, 7244 Oporto Avenue, Birmingham 6, Alabama (Office? 12 24 City Federal Building, Birmingham 3, Alabama), Secretary,,

Witty, Jack P,, 917 15th Avenue, South, Nashville, Tennessee. Teacher,

"V "Wright, Attorney Marion A., "Topknot", Linville Falls, North Carolina, Attorney-at-Law, Zimmerman, Mrs, Mary H,, 312 Meade, Rapid City, South Dakota. Housewife,

Late Registrants

Higgins,,Mrs. Ora, 9424 South Parnell, Chicago 20, Illinois. ^Office, 1105 West 35th Street, Chicago 9, Illinois). Assistant Personnel Manager, Spiegel Incorporated,

Holbrook, Dr. Jean, PhD, 1962 Nelson, Memphis, Tennessee (Office, University of Tennessee, Medical College). Professor.

Lilly, Betty M., 3719 Nellie Custis Drive, Arlington, Virginia. Writer, PAMPHLETS PERIOD ICALS AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS

n

ARTICLES

20th ANNUAL INSTITUTE OF RACE RELATIONS June 24 thru July 6 1963 Race Relations Department American Missionary Association Division United Church Board for Homeland Ministries Fisk University Nashville, Tennessee

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!(•»«•»* **»***#**********###**#******************#******#*** *#******•**#****#*****##****•** ***#**** TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Church and Intergroup Relations, 1

Community Resources and Techniques . . 6

Economics and Employment 9

Education •.,-...«,»*..._•-;«.•*, • • » . 14

Housint; 21

Law and Social Order. 25

Minorities and Group Relations . . 36

Visual Aids • • 45

Regular Issues of Magazines, Newsletters, and Bulletins, 50

Resource Organizations (National and Regional) 52 SELECTED PAMPHLETS AND PERIODICALS

Church and Intergroup Relations

A Manual for Christian Social Action. Council for Christian Social Action, 289 Park Avenue South, New York 10, New York.

Ahmann, Matthew. "Catholics and Racism in the North," reprinted form The Catholic World. National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice, 21 West Superior street, Chicago 10, Illinois.

"Authority, Consent and Racial Justice," September 29, 1958 issue of Christianity and Crisis.

Campbell, Ernest Q. and Pettigrew, Thomas F. "Racial and Moral Crisis: The Role of Little Rock Ministers," The American Journal of Sociology, March, 1959.

Campbell, Will D. "Religion's Role in desegregation," New South, January, 1960.

"Christianity and »

"Church Stand Is Not Expected," The Presbyterian Outlook, January 28, 1963. Condensation of remarks of The Reverend Sam Williams on "The Role of the Church in Desegregation in Atlanta," made at a Nashville conference, ..."The church will wait, as it always has, until the time is safe...... The church follows, it does not lead...... "

Commission on American Citizenship of the Catholic University of America, Wash­ ington, D. C. The American Ne.ro. A pamphlet prepared to show appli­ cations of Christian teaching in the many aspects of interracial problems.

Cook, Clair M. The Modern Samaritan. The Board of Social and Economic Relations, 740 Rush Street, Chicago 11, Illinois. Handbook on Christian social action.

Cronin, John F. S.S. "Religion and Race," Extension, April 1^63. An article on the National Conference on Religion and Race held in Chicago in January, 1963.

Davis, Lloyd. "The Religious Dimension of Interracial Justice." Interracial Review, February, 1962. 2

Denominational and Group Statements

A Statement on Human Relations. The Board of Social Missions and the Executive Board of the United Lutheran Church in America, 231 Madison Avenue, New York, New York.

Discrimination and the Christian Conscience. Statement by Bishops of the United States. Available in pamphlet form from the Catholic Inter­ racial Council, 20 Vesey Street, New York, New York.

Interracial News Service. "Race Relations--Denominational Statements," (Pertinent excerpts), Part I, January-February, 1959; Part II, March- April, 1959. Distributed by the National Council of Churches of Christ, USA, Department of Racial and Cultural Relations, 475 Riverside Drive, New York 27, New York.

New South. Published by the Southern Regional Council, 5 Forsyth Street, N. W., Atlanta 3, Georgia.

"Dallas Clergy Call for Law and Order." Signed by 300 ministers of Dallas. June, 1958.

"Give Positive Witness," United Church women, 8th Na­ tional Assembly, October 30, 1958.

"Meet, Know-, and Listen." Pastoral Letter of Protestant Episcopal Sishop*v -December, 1958.

"Obedience to Law." Methodist Council of Bishops. December, 1958,

"Principles to Guide." Approved by the Presbyterian Church, U.S.A. June, 1958.

"Root Out of Hearts All bitterness and Hate." Catholic Bishops of U.S. December, 1958.

Out of Conviction. A second statement (November 22, 1958) on the South's racial crisis -- signed by 312 ministers of Greater Atlanta. Printed by the Georgia Council of Churches, 63 Auburn Avenue, N. W., Atlanta 3, Georgia.

Discrimination - What can Churches Do? A handbook and report on the religious leadership conference on equality of opportunity held at Arden House, Harriman, New York in early 1958.

Douglass, Truman B. "The Job the Protestants Shirk." (Reprint from Harper's Magazine, November, 1958.

Ecumenical Movement and the Racial Problem. International Documents Service, Columbia" un-Lve-rsity Press, 2960 Broadway, New York 27, New York.

Egan, Msgr, John J. "Compassion and Community Life," Interracial Review, March, 1962.

Erasing Racial Tension, Division of Christian Action, Board of Christian Education, Presbyterian Church in the U.S., Box 1176, Richmond 9, Virginia. Farrar, James A. "A Southerner Looks at Race Relations," World Call. Published for the United Christian Missionary Society, Disciples of Christ, 222 South Downey Avenue, Indianapolis, Indiana.

"For Truth and Freedom," reprint of editorials and articles appearing in The Christian Century. Tie Christian Century Foundation, 407 South Dearborn Street, Chicago 5, Illinois.

Gordis, Robert. "Race and the Religious Tradition," Christian Friends, Anti- Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, New York. (The pamphlet is a chapter from the recently published book The Root and the Branch; Judaism and the Free Society by Dr. Gordis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962.)

Hager, Don J., Glock, Charles Y., and Chein, Isidor. "Religious Confict in the United States," The Journal of Social Issues. vol. XII, No. 3, 1956.

Hargraves, J. Archie. Stop Pussyfooting Through a Revolution — Some churches that did. Stewardship Council, United Church of Christ, 1505 Race Street, Philadelphia 2, Pennsylvania.

Hill, Haywood. "This I Believe," Presbyterian Outlook, February 6, 1961. Reprint. Distributed by The Episcopal Society for Cultural and Racial Unity, 5 Forsyth Street, N. W., Atlanta 3,Georgia.

"Intergroup Relations in Religious Textbooks." Reprinted from Religious Edu­ cation, March-April, 1960. I) Intergroup Content in Jewish Religious Textbooks; II) The Catholic School Curriculum and Intergroup Relations; III) Intergroup Relations in Protestant Teaching Materials. Available from American Jewish Committee, 165 East 56th Street;, New York 22, New York.

Isaac, Jules. Has Anti-Semitism Roots in Christianity? 1961. National Conference of Christians and Jews. There are comments by His Eminence Richard Cardinal Gushing and by Dr. Bernhard E. Olson, Instructor and Research Associate in Christian Ethics at Onion Theological Seminary.

Just, Right and Necessary. The National Council (Episcopal Church) 281 Fourth Avenue, New York 10, New York.

Kramer, Alfred S. "The Churches and Race Relations," Interracial News Service, January-February, 1963.

Long, Herman H. Fellowship for Whom? A Study of Racial Inclusiveness in.the Congregational Christian Churches,. Race relations Department, Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee. (October, 1953)

McGill, Ralph. "Let's Lead Where We Lag," The Episcopalian, March, 1962.

. "The Agony of the Southern Minister." (reprint) The New York Times Magazine, September 27, 1959.

Marks of Penitence: A Study of Christian Race Relations in Transition. The National Council, Protestant Episcopal Church, 281 Park wenue South, New York 10, New York. Moilegan, Reverend Albert T., Murray, Dr. J. J., and Waters, Most Reverend Vincent S. "The Role of the Churches," in the Notre Dame Lawyer, Symposium Issue 1959 on the Problems and Responsibilities of Desegregation.

New South. (February, 1959) "Find Truth on Desegregation," from the Christian Century, January 21, 1959:

"Ministers' Statement on Race," April, 1957. "Our Responsibility," resolution signed by 17 members ox the faculty of the Duke University School of Divinity. "Racial Views Cannot Alter Principles of Christianity." (reprint from the Macon Telegraph) June, 1958. "The Church Speaks," -- selection of comments from church groups. "The Church, the World, and Race," by Colbert S. Carfwriyht.

Niebuhr, Reinhold. "The Unintended Virtues of an Open Society," Christianity and Crisis, July 24, 1961.

"The Problem of the Modern Church: Triviality," Christianity and Crisis, December 10, 1962.

Pettigrew, Thomas F. "The Myth of the Moderates," reprinted from The christian Century, May 24, 1961.

Presbyterian Church. Everyone We1come: A Handbook on Racial and Cultural Relation: Philadelphia Division of Social Education and Action, ±ioard of Christian Education, 830 Witherspoon building. 1951.

Proceedings of the Conference of Christian Social Action Secretaries on the Problems of Anti-Semitism, May 1960. Department of Interreligious Co-operation, Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 515 Madison Avenue, National Council of Churches of Christ in the USA, 475 Riverside Drive, New York 2, New York.

Race in America, May 29, 1961 issue of Christianity and Crisis.

Sessions, Robert Pau. "Are Southern Ministers Failing the South?" The Saturday Evening Post, May 13, 1961. Many Clergymen in the South compromise their beliefs by playing it safe on the integration issue.

£ocial Order, February, 1963. "The Editors of Social Order and the Directors of the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith Cooperate in Presenting a Discussion on How to Achieve Interfaith Understanding in an Age of Crisis."

Social Progress. Published by the Department of Social Education and Action, Presbyterian Church, USA, 1009 Sloan Street, Crawfordsville, Indiana:

"Selected Resources on Race Relations," January, 195 6. "Social Deliverance," (Reprint from July, 1958 issue). "The Church's New Frontier, September, 1958. Spike, Robert W. "James Baldwin's Confession: We go a Little Deeper in Race Relations," Christianity and Crisis, February 4, 1963.

Stringfellow, William. "Race, Religion and Revenge" The Christian Century, February 14, 1962 "Race, The Church and the Law," The Episcopalian, November, 1962. Reprints of these articles--at 3ci each~~are available from The Episcopal Society for Cultural and Racial Unity, 5 Forsyth Street, N. W., Atlanta 3, Georgia.

Suggested Cutline for the Study of Intergroup Relations to be Used by Teachers Belonging to Religious Orders. This outline was prepared under the direction of The Right Reverend Msgr. Timothy F. O'Leary, Superintendent of Schools, Archdiocese of Boston, Sister Marie Augusta, S.M.D., Boston, Massachusetts, September, 1955.

Tannenbaum, Marc H. "Intergroup and Interfaith Relations," Religious Education, March-April, 1963.

Tarplee, Cornelius C. The Church in Areas in Racial Tension. I9b0. Southern Regional Council, 5 Forsyth Street, N. W. Atlanta 3, Georgia.

The Catholic Church and The Race Question. International document Service, Columbia University Press, 2960 Broadway, New York 27, New York. sns The Christian and His Jewish Neighbor. BeIford, The Reverend Lee S. Distributed by the National Council, Protestant Episcopal Church, Church Missions House, 281 Fourth Avenue, New York 10, New York.

The Journal of Intergroup Relations

Danzig, David. "The New Status of Religious Groups, Winter, 1960-61. Hurley, Philip S. "Role of the Churches in Integration," Summer, 1960. Pfeffer, Leo. "Changing Relationships Among Religious Groups," Spring, 19 60.

Weaver, Galen R. "Desegregation and Churchmanship," Christianity and Society, vol. 21, no. 1, Winter, 1955-56.

Weaver, Galen R. and Hacket, Allen. "Toward Racially Inclusive Churches," Social Action, January, 1959. The Council for Christian Social Action United Church of Christ, 289 Park Avenue South, New York 10, New York.

'. . . Who Cried to Redeem the Times,' The Reporter, November 8, 1962. From a sermon given by The Reverend Duncan M. Gray, Jr., rector of St. Peter's Episcopal Church in Oxford, Mississippi, on October 7, 1962.

Yinger, J. Milton. "Religion and Social Change: Functions and Disfunctions of Sects and Cults Among the Dispriviledged," Review of Religious Research, Winter, 1963.

Young, Merrill Orne. "For the Church's Sake," The Christian Century, November 1, 1961. Reprinted by the Episcopal Society for Cultural and Racial Unity, Room 200, 5 Forsyth Street, N. W., Atlanta 3, Georgia. Zadig, Alfred T. K. "Jewish-Christian Relations," Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Valparaiso University Institute on Human Relations, 1960.

Community Resources and Techniques

A Primer for Parents -- Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, New York.

Alpenfels, Ethel J. Sense and Nonsense About Race. Friendship Press, 475 Riverside Drive, New York 27. (rev. ed., 1957)

Anthony, Paul. "Pro-segregation Groups: History and Trends," New South. January, 1957.

Aronson, Arnold. "Organization of the Community Relations Field. The Journal of Intergroup Relations, Spring, I960.

Black, Algernon. Who's My Neighbor. Public Affairs Committee, 22 East 38th Street, New York 16, New York.

Clark, Dennis, "Leadership Education in an Ail-White Neighborhood," The Journal of Intergroup Relations, Winter 1961-62.

Clement, Rufus and Johnson, George M* "The Role of the Negro Community," in the Notre Dame Lawyer, Symposium Issue 1959 on the Problems and Responsi­ bilities of Desegregation.

Cooper, Hon. John Sherman, McKeldin, Theodore R. and Hartsfield, Mayor William B. "The Role of Public Officials," in the Notre Dame Lawyer, Symposium Issue, 1959 on the Problems and Responsibilities of Desegregation.

Dodson, Dan W. "Intergroup Relations as A Challenge to Social Action." The Journal of Educational Sociology, October, 1960.

. "Power As A Dimension of Education," The City Church, January. February, 1963. A group has power when its interests are felt in community decision making and processes.

Edwards, G. Franklin. "The Changing Status and Self-image of Negroes in the District of Columbia," The Journal of Intergroup Relations, Winter 1962-63.

Estes, Rice. "Segregated Libraries." Library Journal, December 15, I960. Nearly ten million Negro citizens in the United States are denied free access to publicly owned books.

Frost, Olivia. CCRM — Grass Roots in the Big City. Published by the Committee on Civil Rights in Manhattan, 386 Fourth Avenue, New York 16, New York. (How a volunteer group dedicated itself to advancing equal opportunity for all.)

Granger, Lester B. "Social Change and Race Relations: Our Inescapable Res­ ponsibility" and "Twentietn Century Organizational Implementation of the Concept of Democratic Human Relations." Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Valparaiso University Institute on Human Relations, 1960. Grimshaw, Allen D. "Urban Violence in the United States: Changing Ecological Considerations," The American Journal of Sociology, September, 1960.

Height, Dorothy. Step by Step with Interracial Groups. New York: The Woman's Press, 600 Lexington Avenue, 1946.

Hirsh, Selma. Fear and Prejudice. Public Affairs Pamphlet, 22 East 38th Street, New York 16, New York.

Hyman, Herbert H. and Sheatsely, Paul B. "Attitudes Toward Desegregation," (reprinted from Scientific American) December, 1956.

Jewish Labor Committee. How to Put on A Rumor Clinic. New York: The Committee, 175 Broadway.

Johnson, Charles S„ "A Southern Negro's View of the South," The New York Times Magazine, September 23, 1956.

Journal of Social Issues, Vol. XV, No. 4, 1959:

Galtung, John. "A Model for Studying Images of Participants in A Conflict: Southville" Deutsch, Martin and Steele, Kay. "Attitude Dissonance Among Southville's 'Influentials'" Pettigrew, Thomas F. and Cramer, M. Richard. "The Demography of Desegregation" Vander Zanden, James W. "Desegregation and Social Strains in the South."

Killian, Lewis M, "Consensus in the Changing South," Phylon, Second Quarter, 1957.

Landry, Robert J. "The Menance of the Naive Artist," ADL Bulletin, March, 1959. Depicts the devastating damage which can result even when racial and religious stereotypes are presented without malice.

Little, Sara. Youth Guide on Race Relations. Friendship Press, 475 Riverside Drive, New York 27, New York. Useful for summer conferences and youth groups in local church and community.

Loth, David and Flemming, Harold. Integration: North and South. The Fund for the Republic, 80 East 42nd Street, New York 17, New York.

Marion, John H. "Behind Dixie's Gentler Stand-patters: Some Reflections on the Deep South Gentry at Bay," The Christian Century, October 24, 1962.

White residents of Huntsville, Alabama, strike back at a minister and his wife who joined an interracial organization.

McCuIloch, Margaret C„ Integration: Promise-Process-Problems. American Mis­ sionary Association, Congregational and Christian Churches, Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee,

Morsell, John A, "Status Problems and Functions of Negro Leadership," The Crisis, November, 1962. 8

National Community Relations Advisory Council (55 West 42nd Street, New York 36 New York), Proceedings - major addresses - Plenary Session, June 22-25, 1961

Phillips, W. M. Jr. "The Boycott: A Negro Community in Conflict," Phylon, Spring, 1961.

Prejudice and Discrimination: A Resource Unit for Teachers and Group Leaders. 1962. Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, New York,

Reed, Warren, "Group Structure and Resistance to Desegregation in the Deep South',' Social Problems, summer 1962,

Register, Christian Opinion -- A pocket size Congressional Directory. Service Department, General Board of Christian Concerns, The Methodist Building, 100 Maryland Avenue, N„ B,, Washington 2, D„ C.

Reynolds, Harry W., Jr. "What Do We Know About Our Experiences with Relocation?" The Journal of Intergroup Relations, Autumn 1961.

Robbins, Richard. "Local Strategy in Race Relations: The Illinois Experience with Community Relations with Commissions and Councils," The Journal of Intergroup Relations, Autumn 1961,

Rowan, Carl F, "The Negro in the North," (Parts 1 and 2) The Saturday Evening Post, September 12 and 19, 1958.

Senn, Milton A, "A Study of Police Training Programs in Minority Relations." Los Angeles Conference on Community Relations, 3125 West Adams Boulevard, Los Angeles 16, California,

Sitton, Claude. "We Shall Overcome," reprinted from The New York Times and distributed by The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 20 West 40th Street, New York 18, New York, Community reaction to voter registration attempts in Terrell County, Georgia.

Southern Regional Council, Your Community Looks at Itself: A Manual for the Home Town Self-Purvey. Atlanta: The Council, 5 Forsyth Street, Atlanta 3, Georgia.

Spearman, Walter and Meyer, Sylvan, Racial Crisis and the Press. Available from the Southern Regional Council, 5 Forsyth Street, Atlanta 3, Georgia.

Sullivan, Donald F„ "Neighbors Unlimited," Interracial Review, March, 1961, Co-operative work in Tulsa in integrating a racially changing Neighbor­ hood.

Tension Control. City of New York Commission on Intergroup Relations, 80 Lafayette Street, New York 18, New York,

"The Catholic and the Changing Neighborhood," Interracial Review, February, 1961, The character of the changing neighborhood; programs in neighborhood change; the future of interracial neighborhoods. "The Growing Negro Middle Class in Chicago: A Research Report." Commission on Human Relations, 54 West Hubbard Street, Chicago 10, Illinois. Mimeo­ graphed, September 1, 1962.

Walker, Gerald. "Little Rock -- Five Years Later," Redbook, November, 1962. Little Rock is still unable to accept more than token integration.

The Journal of Intergroup Relations

Johnson, RoDert B. "Changing Status of the Negro in American Life," Spring, 1960. Jones, Madison. "Planning for Racially and Ethnically Balanced Communities," Autumn, 1960. Livermore, Charles. "Scope and Function of Intergroup Relations Work," Spring, 1960, Long, Herman H, "The Challenge to Negro Leadership," Spring, 1960. Rose, Arnold M. "New and Emerging Negro Problems," Spring, 1960. Rutledge, Edward and Valentine, William R. "Urban Renewal Planning for Balanced Communities," Winter, 1960-61. Weaver, Robert C. "The Changing Status of Racial Groups," Wxnter 1960-61,

The People Take the Lead. January, 1962. A Summary of Progress in Civil Rights. American Jewish Committee, 165 East 56th Street, New York 22, New York

The Spirit They Live In. A report of problems confronting American Indians, their fellow citizens and their government. The American Friends Service Committee, April, 1956, 160 North 15th Street, Philadelphia 2, Pa.

Tolerance in Action. A book of plays for school assemblies and classrooms. A volume of dramatized ideas about America -- its unity, its diversity and the mutual tolerance requisite to its strength and its ideals. Available from The Council for American Unity, 1133 Broadway, New York 10, New York,

Vander Zande, James W. "The Klan Revival." The American Journal of Sociology, March, 1960.

Wolfe, Ann G. About 100 Books — A Gateway to Better Understanding. (3rd Edition, June, 1950), Available from The Division of Youth Services of the American Jewish Committee, 165 East 56th Street, New York 22, New York.

Economics and Employment

A Better Life for Farm Families, A Report on a Southern Rural conference spon­ sored by the National Sharecroppers Fund, 112 East 19th Street, New York 3, New York.

American Jewish Committee, Analysis of City Ordinances Against Racial and Religious Discrimination in Employment. New York: 'The Committee, 165 East 56th Street. 1. Antidiscrimination Provisions in Major Contracts, 1961. Bulletin No. 1336, United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. 10

Becker, William L. "After FEPC — What?" The Journal of Intergroup Relations, Autumn, 1962.

Blalock, H. M. Jr., "Occupational Discrimination: Some Theoretical Propositions," Social Problems, Winter, 1962.

Brooks, Thomas R. "Negroes at Work, Commonweal, March 10, 1961. "Racism may soon replace racketeering as the big issue inside the labor movement."

Buckley, Louis F. "Discriminatory Aspects of the Labor Market of the 60's," Interracial Review, March, 1961.

Bullock, Paul. Merit Employments Nondiscrimination in Industry. I960. Institute of Industrial Relations, University of California, Los Angeles, California.

"Business in Dixie," The Wall Street Journal, May 26, 1961. Many Southerners say racial tension slows area's economic gains.

"Carrying Out a Plan for Job Integration," Business Week, April 13, 1963. Lockheed, in Marietta, Georgia eliminates job bias without unpleasant incidents.

Chalmers, W. Ellison and Dorsey, Nathaniel W. "Research on Negro Job Status," The Journal of Intergroup Relations, Autumn 1962. The Article ends with "A Summary Bibliography."

Comparative Analysis of STATE FAIR EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES LAWS. Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, New York.

Dewey, Donald. "Southern Poverty and the Racial Division of Labor," New South, May, 1962.

District of Columbia. Commissioners' Council on Human Relations. Employer's Handbook on Merit employment. Washington, 1962.

Equal Employment Opportunity, in hiring, upgrading demotion or transfear — re- cruitment or recruitment advertising -- layoff or termination -- rates of pay or other compensations -- selection for training and other working conditions. Headquarters, New York Contract Management District, Air Force Systems Command, 111 East 16th Street, New York 3, New York,

Equal Opportunity Union Made, Educational Department, International Ladies* Garment Workers' Union, 1710 Broadway, New York 19, New York.

Fair Employment Practices in Steel 1961-62 -- A Story of Progress, United Steelworkers of America, 150U Commonwealth Building, Pittsburgh 22, Pennsylvania. Deals with agreements incorporating a non-discrimination clause in the contract.

Fleischman, Harry and Rorty, James. We Open the Gates. National Labor Service, 3oo ^ourth Avenue, New York 15, New York. Giazber^., Eli, "Segregation and Manpower waste," Phylon, Winter, 1960. Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia. 11

"Guidance, Training and Apprenticeship Factors Affecting Minority Groups," Manpower Utilization Special Issue, Journal of Intergroup Relations, May, 1960. > Harrington, Michael. "The Economics of Racism," The Commonweal, July 7, 1961.

3n Henderson, Vivian W, "The Economic Imbalance," an Irequity into the Economic Status of Negroes in the United States, 1935-1960, Journal of Negro Education, Winter, 1961

, "Economic Opportunity and Negro Education," The American Teachers Association Bulletin, March, 1962.

Hill, Herbert. "Has Organized Labor Failed the Negro Worker?" Reprinted in the Negro Digest May 1962, with permission from Quarterly Politics. Available from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 20 West 40th Street, New York 19, New York,

^ . "Labor Unions and the Negro," Commentary, December, 1959. Copies available from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 20 West 40th Street, New York 18, New York.

NAACP Labor Manuals A Guide to Action. New York: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 20 West 40th Street,

. "No Harvest for the Reaper," The Story of the Migratory Agricultural worker in the United States, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 20 West 40th Street, New York 18, New York, 1960,

. "Racial Discrimination in the Nation's Apprenticeship Training Programs," Phylon, Fall,, 1962.

Hill, Herbert. "Racism Within Organized Labors A Report of Five Years of the AFL-CI0 -- 1955-1960." Labor Department, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 20 West 40th Street, New York 18, New York,

. "Recent Effects of Racial Conflict on Southern Industrial Development," reprinted from Phylon, Fourth Quarter, 1959. Available from author, 20 West 40th Street, New York 18, New York.

Hope, John II, "Central Role of Intergroup Agencies in the Labor Market: Changing Research and Personnel Requirements," The Journal of Inter­ group Relations, Spring, 1961,

, "Current Minority Policies and Their Implementation in Interna­ tional Unions." The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 10: 370-88, July, 1951,

, "Efforts to Eliminate Racial Discrimination in Industry — with Particular Reference to the South," The Journal of Negro Education, vol, 23 (bummer, 1954) 262-272,

"Equality of Employment Opportunity? A Process Analysis of Union Initiative.," Phylon, V0l„ XVIII, No. 2, 1957. 12

Hope, John II. "The Employment of Negroes in the United States by Major Occu­ pation and Industry," The Journal of Negro Education, Summer, 1953.

Jewish Labor Committee. Unions and Minority Discrimination. New York: The Committee, 25 East 78th Street, New York 21, New York.

Jones, Major J. Chattanooga: The Negro and Employment Opportunities in the South report based on a survey. Chattanooga Council for Co-operative Action: Atlanta, Southern Regional Council, February, 1962. (Employment Studies in Southern Cities, no. 2.)

Lees, Hannah. "The Not-Buying Power of Philadelphia's Negroes," The Reporter, May 11, 1961.

"More Race Pressure on Business: Deep South Now Feels Negro Anti-Segregation Moves," Business Week, May 12, 1962.

Morrow, J. J. "American Negroes - A Wasted resource," (reprint) Harvard Business Review, January-February, 1957. Distributed by the Community Relations Service, 165 East 56th Street, New York 22, New York.

Morrow, Joseph, "Management's Responsibility for Equal Opportunity," Religion and Labor, June-July, 1958.

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (Labor Department). The Negro Wage-Earner and Apprenticeship Training Programs: A Critical Analysis with Recommendations. Distributed by the NAACP, 20 West 40th Street, New York 18, New York.

"Negro Buying Power." Report No. L-18, June 29, 1960. Southern Regional Council, 5 Forsyth Street, N. W., Atlanta 3, Georgia.

Non-Discrimination Policy — Supervisor Development Program, Basic Source. Civilian Personnel Pamphlet No. 41-B-36. Dept. of the Army, 1957. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.

Norgen, Paul H, Racial Discrimination in Employment; bibliography. Princeton, N. J., Industrial Relations Section, Princeton University, September, 1962. (Selected references, no. 107).

"Plans for Progress: Atlanta Survey." Southern Regional Council (Special Report) 5 Forsyth Street, Atlanta 3, Georgia. January, 1963.

Roper, Elmer. The High Cost of Discrimination, New York 16: National Conference of Christians and Jews, Commission on Labor-Management Organizations, 43 West 57th Street, New York 19.

Sawyer, David A. "Fair Employment in the Nation's Capital: A Study of Progress and Dilemma," The Journal of Intergroup Relations, Winter, 1962-63.

Segal, Benjamin D. "Racism Stymies Unions in the South." The New Leader, November 11, 1957. Distributed by Trade Union Program on Civil Liberties and Rights, 1244 - 19th Street, N. W., Room 301, Washington 6, D. C. 13

Southern Regional Council, 5 Forsyth Street, N. W., Atlanta 3, Georgia. Re­ port L-37, October 15, 1962. A Statement on the "Economic Costs of Racial Discrimination in Employment," presented to the Joint Economic Committee of Congress in September, 1962 by the Council of Economic Advisers. outh Tanneyhill, Ann. From School to Job: Guidance for Minority Youth. Public Affairs Committee, 22 East 38th Street, New York, New York. es The American Dream; Equal Opportunity. Report on the Community Leaders' Con­ ference Sponsored by President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity, Washington, D.C., May 19, 1962. U. S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C,

The Economic Situation of Negroes in the United States. U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics E3ulle tin S-3, Revised 1962. Washington: U. S. Department of Labor. ness "The Job Ahead in Fair Employment Practices," Social Action, December, 19o2. 'Merit Employment--Unfinished Business,' by M. T. Puryear; 'Government Impact OB Employment Practices,' by John G. Feild; 'A Private Agency Report on Merit Employment,' by Barbara W. Moffett and Jean Fairfax; 'The Bedford-Stuyvesant Ministers' Movement, by J. Archie Hargraves.

The Negro and Employment Opportunities in the South. Southern Regional Council, 5 Forsyth Street, N. W,, Atlanta 3, Georgia. The first (Houston, Texas) of a series of Employment Studies in Southern Cities.

The Negro and Employment Opportunities in the South: Atlanta. April, 1962. The third of a series of Employment studies in Southern Cities. A report based on a survey by the Greater Atlanta Council on Human Re­ lations and the Atlanta Council for Co-operative Action. Greater Atlanta Council on Human Relations, 41 Exchange Place, 3. W., Atlanta 3, Georgia; Southern Regional Council, 5 Forsyth Street, N. W., Atlanta, Georgia.

"The Negro's New Economic Life," Fortune, September, 1956.

United Automobile, Aircraft, and Agricultural Implement Workers of America. "A Manual on Fair Employment Practices." Detroit, Michigan: UAW-CIO Education Department, 57o7 Second Boulevard.

U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Antidiscrimination Provisions in Major Contracts, 1961. Washington, U. S. Government Printing Office, July, 1962 (Bulletin No. 1336).

U. S. President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity. Negro and Total Employment by Grade and Salary Groups, June 1961 and June 1962. Washington, Nov. 1962 (34 p. - tables).

Your Rights under Fair Employment Practice Laws. 1960. Prepared by the Community Relations Service, Institute of Human Relations, 165 East 56th Street, New Y'ork 22, New Y'ork. Les 14

Education

"A Background on School Desegregation for 1959-60." A special report prepared by The Southern Regional Council, 5 Forsyth Street, N. W., Atlanta 3, Georgia. 1959.

A Guide to School Integration. 1957. Public Affairs Pamphlets, 22 East 38th Street, New York 16, New York. (Public Affairs Pamphlet No. 255). Outline of a realistic program, including essential preparatory steps in the community, for achieving peaceful desegregation of schools. The pamphlet also stresses responsibilities of school officials in easing the transition and the practices that can contribute to better human relations in the schools and outside.

Ammoun, Charles D. Study of Discrimination in Education. United Nations, Economic and Social Council, Commission on Human Kights. 1961.

Anastasi, Anne. "Psychological Research and Educational Desegregation," Thought, (Fordham University) Autumn, 1960.

Anderson, Margaret. "They Are Ready -- If We Are," The New York Times Magazine, December 24, 1961, The author,' a teacher and former assistant principal at Clinton (Tennessee) High School is now the director of guidance there.

. "After Integration — 'Higher Horizons'" The New York Times Magazine, April 21, 1963. "The time seems appropriate for us to concern ourselves seriously with more adequate programs for Negro children in newly segregated schools."

Books for Friendship: A list of books recommended for Children (third edition, "Books Are Bridges"). Prepared by the American Friends Service Committee (160 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia 2, Pennsylvania), and the Anti-De­ famation League of B'nai B'rith, 515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, New Y'ork,

Briggs, William A. and Hummel, Dean L. Counseling Minority Group Youth: Deve­ loping the Experience of Equality Through Education, Available from Ohio Scholarship Tests, 751 Northwest Boulevard, Columbus, Ohio.

Bullock, Paul and Singleton, Robert. What To Do with Crop-outs, and The Mi­ nority Child and the Schools. Institute of Industrial Relations, University of California, Los Angeles, California. Reprints of journal articles from the New Republic and The Progressive.

Car' We Afford to Close Our Public Schools. A statement prepared by Southern Educators and issued in December, 1959. Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith (Southeastern Office) 41 Exchange Place, S. E., Atlanta 3, Georgia.

Cater, Douglas. "The Lessons of William Frantz and McDonogh," The Reporter, February 16, 1961. An analysis of the school crisis in New Orleans. 15

Clark, Kenneth B, "Desegregation: An Appraisal of Evidence," The Journal of Social Issues, vol, 9, No. 4, May 1959.

. "Some Principles Related to the Problem of Desegregation," Journal of Negro Education, vol. 23, Summer, 19_J4.

Coleman, A, Lee and Kaplan, Sidney J. Faculty Integration in Kentucky Public Schools. A report prepared for the Commission on Human Rights, with the assistance of the Social Research Service of the University of Kentucky. Commission on Human Rights, Commonwealth of Kentucky, Frankfort, Kentucky.

Committee on Human Relations, Pennsylvania Department of Public Instruction. Our Greatest Challenge: Human Relations; G ide to Intergroup Educa­ tion in Schools. Curriculum Development Series No. 6, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.

Conference Before the United States Commission on Civil Rights. U. S, Com­ mission on Civil lights, Williamsburg, Virginia, 1961. Third Annual Conference on Problems of Schools in Transition from the Educator's viewpoint,

Cooke, Paul. "Desegregated Education in the Middle-South Region: Problems and Issues," The Journal of Negro Education, Winter, 1961.

Cothran, Tilman C. "Negro Leadership in a Crisis Situation." Phylon, Summer, 1961. Study of the changing character of Negro leadership in Little Rock.

Dallas, Texas: Factors Affecting School Desegregation. Mo. 7 of ^ield Reports on Desegregation in the South (by William R. Carmack - Southwest Center for Human Relations Studies, University of Oklahoma, and Theodore Freedman, Director, Southwest .egional Office Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, and distributed by its New York Office, 515 Madison Avenue, New Y'ork 22, New York.

"Desegregation in Higher Education." Report L-23C, April 1, 1963. Southern Regional Council, 5 Forsyth Street, M. W.f Atlanta 3, Georgia.

Desegregation in the Baltimore City Schools. The Maryland Commission on Inter­ racial Problems and eiations and the Baltimore Commission on Human Relations, 719 St. Paul Street, Baltimore 2, Maryland.

Desegregation in Higher Education -- Formerly all-white colleges and univer­ sities of the 17 southern and border states and the District of Columbia which; are known to be desegregated. \eport L-23C. Revised April 1, 1963'. Southern Regional Council, 5 Forsyth Street, N. W., Atlanta 3, Georgia.

Dykeman, Wilma and Stokely, James. "Integration: Third and Critical Phase." The New York Times Magazine, November 27, 1960.

Emotional Aspects of School Desegregation. A report by psychiatrists. 1960. (Re-issue of the 1957 Report), The Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry, 104 East 25th Street, New York 10, New York. 16

Fine, Huldah. "Rearing Children of Good Will," American Unity. March-April, 1957.

From Color Blind to Color Conscious: A Study of Public School Integration in New York City. American Jewish Congress, 15 East 84th Street, New York ; New York.

Goodman, Mary Ellen. Sanctuaries for Tradition: Virginia's New Private Schools, 1961. Southern Regional Council, 5 Forsyth Street, N. W. , Atlanta 3, Ga

Gregory, Francis, Hansen, Carl F. and Hypes, Irene C. "From Desegregation to Integration in Education," The Journal of Intergroup Relations, Winter 1962-63.

Hansen, Carl F, Addendum: A Five-Year Report on Desegregation in Washington, D.C. Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, New York.

. . Miracle of Social Adjustment: Desegregation in the Washington, D.C. Schools. Anti-Defamation League Bfnai B'rith, 515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, New York.

Harvard Educational Review, Summer, 1960. A Special Issue: Negro Education in the South.

• Hansen, Carl F. "The Scholastic Performances of Negro and White 1 .;'.. Pupils in the Integrated Schools of the District of Columbia." i Miller, Carroll L. "Educational Opportunities and the Negro Child in the South." Morsell, John A. "Schools, Courts and the Negro's Future." Plaut, Richard L. "Increasing the Quantity and Quality of Negro Enrollment in College." Trueblood, Dennis L. "The Role of the Counselor in the Guidance '••'••' of Negro Students." Wall, Marvin. "Events in Southern Education Since 1954." Wright, Stephen J. "The Negro College in America." Wrightstone, J. Wayne. "Demonstration Guidance Project in New York City

Holden, Anna. A Fjrst Step Toward School Integration. Congress of Racial Equality, 38 Park Row, New York 38, New York.

If the Schools are Closed -- A Critical Analysis of the Private School Plan. Southern Regional Council, 5 Forsyth Street, N. W., Atlanta 3, Georgia. 1959..

Invitational Conference, Yeshiva University, 1962. Northern School Desegrega­ tion: Progress and Problems; Proceedings. Graduate School of Educa­ tion, Yeshiva University, New York.

Johnson, Charles S, "Some Significant Social and Educational Implications of the Supreme Court Decision," Journal of Negro Education. Vol. 23, (Summer 1954) 364-371.

Jones, Lewis Wade. "The Social Unreadiness of Negro Youth," Saturday Review, October 20, 1962. 17

Journal of Negro Education. "Educational Desegregation," Yearbook Issue (Summer, 1956) published by the Bureau of Educational Research, Howard University, Washington, D.C.

Levine, Naomi and Hager, Don J. Children Together: A Manual for Study Groups 2t on Integration in Public Education. American Jewish Congress, 15 East 84th Street, New York 23, New York,

» Marcus, Lloyd. The Treatment of Minorities in Secondary School Textbooks. a. Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 1961.

Martin, William H, "Desegregation in Higher Education." Teachers College Record, (Columbia University, October, 1960.

Maslow, Will. "De Facto Public School Segregation," Reprinted from Villanova Law Review, Spring, 1961. (Viilanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania).

Maslow, Will and Cohen, Richard. School Segregation, Northern Style. Public Affairs Pamphlet No. 316, (Public Affairs Pamphlets, 22 East 38th Street, New York 19, New York) in co-operation with the American Jewish Congress, 15 East 34th Street, New York 28, New York.

Montgomery, Jim. "The Economic Effects of School Closing." (Lecture in Emory University Short Course). Copies available from the Southern Regional Council, 5 Forsyth Street, N. W., Atlanta 3, Georgia.

Monserrat, Joseph. (Issue editor) "Special Issue: Education of Puerto Rican Children in New York City," Journal of Educational Sociology, vol. XXXVIII.

Morland, J. Kenneth. School Desegregation — Help Needed? The Potomac Institute, 1501 Eighteenth Street, N.W., Washington 6, D.C.

Muse, Benjamin. The Problem of Integrating Parochial Schools in the South. National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice, 21 West Superior, Chicago 10, Illinois,

National Conference of Christians and Jews, 43 West 57th Street, New York, New York.

Brotherhood: What Can Secondary Schools Do? Building Brotherhood: What Can Elementary Schools Do? by Mary Beacshamp, Ardelle Llewellyn and Vivienne S. Worley. Education in A Transition Community, by Jean D. Grambs. Feelings Are Facts, by Margaret Heaton. Group Processes in Intergroup Education, by Jean D. Grambs, Human Relations in Primary Grades, by Mildred Barlow. Human Relations in Intermediate Grades, by Ray Schmiedley. Human Relations in Junior High School, by Irene Barney. Human Relations in Senior High School, by Don Krider. Readings in Intergroup Relations, by Helen F Storer. Role Playing the Problem Story, by George and Fannie F. Storen. Teachers and the Community, by Harry Bard. The Resolution of Intergroup Tensions, by Gordon W. Allport. 18

"No Monopoly on Intelligence," American Unity, November-December, 1956. c (A Statement by 18 Scientists)

New South, published by the Southern Regional Council, 5 Forsyth Street, N. W., Atlanta 3, Georgia.

"Supreme Court Will Uphold the Law, Come What May." (reprinted from the Daily Times, Gainesville, eorgia. "In Baton Rouge, an Inquisition." September, 1958 "U. S. Policy on Desegregation," by Attorney General Wm P. Rogers, (Speech to the American Bar Association). "Resistance Crowin. to School Closing." November, 1958, '^Virginia Parochial Schools Continuing Desegregation." (Condensed from News Releases), November, 1958, "North Carolina at Crossroad," by Malcolm Seawell, North Carolina Attorney General. January, 1959. S "Alabama Placement Law," by Arthur E. Sutherland. January, 1959. "Virginia Education Crisis," by Lorin A. Thompson. "Kentucky Desegregation Proceeds at All Levels." Kentucky Depart­ ment of Education Report. February, 1959. "Court Ruling Hits Massive Resistance," (excerpts from three-judge Federal court decision in case of James vs Almond, March, 1959. "Closing Would Be Disaster." Statement from 75 faculty members of Agnes Scott College. April, 1959.

Peters, William. "The Story Nobody Tells You," (reprint) McCall's, September, 1958, distributed by the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 515 Madison Avenue, New York 16, New York.

Please Attach Photographs -- Techniques and practices of discrimination against college students, because of race, religion or National origin. Anti- defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, New York,

Prejudice and the Cnild -- A selected bibliography of literature contributing to the understanding of prejudice among children. A ailable from the American Jewish Committee, Institute of Human Relations, 165 East 56th Street, New York 22, New York,

"Public Schools and Community Development." Report L-21. Southern Regional Council, November 30, I960, Southern :egional Council, 5 Forsyth Street, N, W., Atlanta 3, Georgia.

Reading Ladders for Human delations, 4th Edition. American Council on Education, 1785 Massachusetts Avenue, Washington 6, D. C. (To be ready Spring, 1963) A guide for teachers and librarians. The revised edition brings up-to-date an annotated list of books for children's reading on human relations themes.

Reif, Jane. Crisis in. Norfolk. Virginia Council on Human Relations, 216-C Broad-Grace Arcade Building, Richmond, Virginia.

Rilling, Paul M. "The South»s New Resistance," The Progressive, March 1962. Ti 19

Sand, Mary E. "The Silent People," American Unity, January-February, 1961. Civic leadership failed to speak out for desegregation of schools in New Orleans.

"School Desegregation - An Appraisal," Interracial News Service, November- December, 1960. A Survey of the extent of desegregation in the nation's schools and the forces operating to speed up the process.

School Desegregation: The First Six Years. 1960. Southern Regional Council, 5 Forsyth Street, N. W., Atlanta 3, Georgia,

Sherman, Georgia, "The Nightmare Comes to New Orleans," The Reporter, December 8, 1960. The Washington correspondent for the London Observer reviews the public school situation in New Orleans.

Silard, John. "Federal Aid to Segregated Universities and Colleges: Suggestions for a Remedial Program," The Journal of Intergroup Relations, Spring, 1961. Methods proposed for fighting segregation in higher education.

Southern Regional Council, 5 Forsyth Street, North West, Atlanta 3, Georgia.

Report February 26, 1960. Atlanta and Washington Racial Differences in Academic Achievement, by Frank H. Stallings, Associate Professor of Education, University of Louisville. During five-years covered by a survey of Washington, D. C., marked progress has been made in academic achievement since integration, juvenile delinquency has decreased definitely for non-whites, as well as drop-outs between the 9th and 10th grades ior both groups.

Report March 14, 1960. Desegregation and Academic Achievement. Of 17 administrators of desegregated school systems participating in the March 1959 conference of the U. S. Commission on Civil Rights (held in Nashville, Tennessee) 12 spoke to the question of desegregation on academic standards and on white students. Not one reported that desegregation had harmed the academic progress of white students, or had a lowered academic standards.

Southern Education Reporting Service. Statistical Summary of School Segregation • Desegregation in the Southern and Border Cities. Revised edition, No­ vember, 1962.

Spock, Benjamin, "Do Parents Teach Prejudice?" Reprinted from the Ladies Home Journal and distributed by the American Jewish Committee, 165 East 56 Street, New York 22, New York,

Steamer, Robert J. "Presidential Stimulus and School Desegregation," Phylon, First Quarter (Spring) 1963.

Stetler, Henry G. Comparative Study of Negro and White Dropouts in Selected Connecticut High Schools. State of Connecticut Commission on Civil Rights, State Office Building, Hartford, Connecticut. 1959.

Taba, Hilda. "How Adults Influence Children." Reprinted from Childhood Education, January, 1960. Community Relations Service. 20

Taba, Hilda, Rearing Children of Good Will: How to Help Children Grow up Free from Prejudice. New York: National Conference of Christians and Jews, 43 West 57th Street. A study and discussion guide for parents.

Teacher Education for Human Relations in the Classroom (A report from 1108 college professors), A study conducted by Subcommittee on Human Re­ lations in the Classroom; Teacher Education Committee of Commission on Research and Service; North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools, with Assistance from Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, Distributed by the Anti-Defamation League, 515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, New York.

The Jim Crow School — North and West. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 20 West 40th Street, New York 18, New York.

"The Negro Public College," entire issue, The Journal of Negro Education, Summer, 1962.

The Role of the Social Sciences in Desegregation: A Symposium. Committee on Desegregation of Schools, Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues, New York: Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 1958.

The Status of the Public Education of Negro and Puerto Rican Children in New York Cxty. Public Education Association, New York, New York. 1955.

Thompson, Daniel C. The Case for Integration. Southern Regional Councii} 5 Forsyth Street, North West, Atlanta 3, Georgia.

Tumin, Melvin; Barton, Paul; Burrus, Bernie, "Education, Prejudice and Discrimination: A Study in Readiness for Desegregation," American Sociological Review, February, 1958,

U. S. Commission on Civil Rights. Civil Kjghts U.S.A.: Public Schools Southern States. Washington, D. C.} Government Printing Office, 1962.

. Civil Rights U.S.A.: Public Schools North and West.

Wolff, Max (issue editor) "Toward Integration of Northern Schools," Special Issue, The Journal of Educational Sociology, February, 1963.

. "Segregation in the Schools of Gary, Indiana." The Journal of Educational Sociology, February, 1963.

Woodward, C. Vann. "The Unreported Crisis in The Southern Colleges. Harper's Magazine, October, 1962.

Vander Zanden, James W. "Accommodation to Undesired Change: The Case of the South," The Journal of Negro Education, winter, 1962,

Yoshino, I. Roger, "Children, Teachers and Ethnic Discrimination," (effects of early school experiences on prejudice and discrimination) Journal of Educational Sociology, May 1961.

Wertham, Fredric. Psychological Effects of School Segregation. New York: The Lafargue Clinic, 1952. 21

Housing

Abrams, Charles. "The Housing Order & Its Limits," reprinted from Commentary, January 1963 and available from the National Committee Against Discri­ mination in Housing, 426 West 58th Street, New York 19, New York,

Aurebach, H. A. "Restrictive and Protective Viewpoints of Fair Housing Le­ gislation: A Comparative Study of Attitudes." Social Problems, Fall, 1960.

. "The Status of Housing of Negroes in Pittsburg," prepared for the Pittsburgh Commission on Human Relations. 518 City-County Building, Pittsburgh 19, Pennsylvania. November, 1958.

Babow, Irving. "Restrictive Practices in Public Accommodations in a Northern Community," (i>an Francisco). Phylon, First Quarter (Spring), 1963.

Caplan, Eleanor K. and Wolf, Eleanor F. "Factors Affecting Racial Change in Two Middle Income Housing Areas." Phylon, Fall, 1960,

"Chicago Paper Exposes 'Panic Peddlers'." Community, January, 1960. Articles in the Chicago Daily News point out the chicanery of hard-boiled blockbuster speculators in preying on both Negroes and Whites in the housing situation.

Clark, Dennis. "The Ghetto Game," The Catholic World, November 1962. Analyzes the response of Polish, Italian and Jewish "ghettoes" to Negro Penetration.

. "Urban Renewal and Intergroup Relations: A Report on Philadelphia Experience." Commission or Human Relations. Mimeographed.

Cohen, Oscar. "The Case for Benign Quotas in Housing," Phylon, Spring, 1960. Open occupancy advocated but a benign quota system may help prevent a pattern of all-Negro ghettos resulting in many instances of integrated neighborhoods.

Community, Friendship House, 4233 South Indiana Avenue, Chicago 53, Illinois.

"Why Is Housing Segregation Unjust," by Dennis Clark, (reprint) March, 1958 issue. "White Community Views System of Segregation," April, 1959. "U. S. Funds Still Support Housing Bias," April, 1959. (Reprint from Rights an Anti-Defamation League Publication)

"Confessions of a Block-Buster," by Norris Vitchek as told to Alfred Balk. The Saturday Evening Post, July 14,-July 21, 1962.

Cook, Stuart W. Some Psychological and Sociological Considerations Related to Interracial Housing. New York: Commission on Community Interrelations of the American Jewish Congress, 15 East 84th Street, 1947.

)etroit Mayor's Interracial Committee. The Impact of Negro Population Movement on Property values in a Selected Area in Detroit. Detroit: The Committee.

"Discrimination in Housing: How It Hurts the Economy," Newsweek, September 3, 1962. 22

Dodson, Dan W. "Family and Agency Equity in Urban Renewal." The Journal of Educational Sociology, December, 1960. Family relocation in urban renewal programs view from the standpoint of ethnic composition.

First Families: A Study of Twenty Pioneer Negro Families Who Moved into White Neighborhoods in Metropolitan Philadelphia. A summary report prepared by the Commission on Human Relations, 800 Commercial Trust Building, 16 South Broad Street, Philadelphia 2, Pennsylvania.

Frazier, E. Franklin. "The Urban Ordeal of Negroes," Negro Digest, December 1962,

"Freedom of Residence," May 1963 issue of Social Action, published by the Council for Christian Social Action of the United Church of Christ, 289 Park Avenue South, New York 10, New York. Articles by Reginald A. Johnson, Galen R. Weaver and James A. Tillman, Jr., along with "Score­ board: State Laws Affecting Discrimination in Housing."

Graney, William F. "How to Curb Panic and Win Friends: The Skokie Story," Interracial Review, February, 1962. A community averts serious panic and perhaps violence when a Negro family bought a home in an all-white Chicago suburb.

Grier, Eunice and Grier, George. Buyers of Interracial Housing, Philadelphia Institute for Urban Studies of Pennsylvania.

Discrimination in Housing: A Handbook of Facts. 1960. Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, New York.

Grier, Eunice S. "Factors Hindering Intergration in America's Urban Areas," The Journal of Intergroup Relations, Autumn, 1961.

Grodzins, Morton. The Metropolitan Area As A Racial Problem. 1958. University of Pittsburgh Press. Pittsburgh 13, Pennsylvania.

Guide to Changing Neighborhoods. National Community Relations Board, New York, 9 East 38th Street, February, 1956.

Heller, James H. "How Urban Renewal Can be Used to Cure Ghetto Blight," The Journal of Intergroup Relations, Autumn, 1962.

Homes and Community. American Friends Service Committee, 160 North 15th Street, Philadelphia 2, Pennsylvania.

Home, Frank. "The Open City -- Threshold to American Maturity," Phylon, Second Quarter, 1957.

"Housing Discrimination Order," (Executive Order 11063). The New York 'rimes , November 21, 1962.

Hunt, Chester L. "Private Integjrate d Housing in A Medium Sized Northern City." Social Problems, Winter 1959-60. Deals with processes of Negro housing dispersion in Kalamazoo Michigan,

• 23

Journal of Social Issues, vol. XV, no. 4. 1959.

Friedrichs, Robert T., "Christians and Residential Exclusion: An Empirical Study of A Northern Dilemma." Hunt, Chester L. "Negro-White Perceptions in Interracial Housing." Leacock, Eleanor, Deutsch, Martin and Fishman, Joshua A. "The Bridgeview Study: A Preliminary Report." Rubin, Norton. "The Negro Wish to Move: The Boston Case."

Kerchoff, Richard K, "A Study of Racially Changing Neighborhoods," (reprint) 962. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 71 East Ferry Avenue, Detroit 2, Michigan.

Kramer, Ferd. "Open Occupancy-Chicago Is Experimenting in Two Renewal Projects," The Journal of Housing, January, 1961.

Lawyers Guild Review -- Special Issue on "Integration in Housing," vol. XVIII, no. 1, Spring, 1958. National Lawyers Guild, 154 Nassau Street, New York 38, New York.

Marciniak, Edward. "Breaking the Housing Barrier". The commonweal, March 1, 1963. Both the seller and the buyers are victimized in the dual housing market.

Market Experience and Occupancy Patterns in Interracial bousing Developments. Philadelphia Redevelopment Commission by the Institute for Urban Studies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,

Mastrude, Roger G. If Your Next Neighbors Are Negroes, Nashville: Race Relations Department American Missionary Association, Fisk University (rev. Ed.).

McGraw, B. I. "Potentials for Equal Opportunity in Housing and Community Development," Journal of Intergroup Relations, Spring, 1962.

McMahan, Ian D - (Foreword by A. Philip Randolph). The Ne^ro in White Suburbia: Community Power vs. Human Rights. Freedom of Residence Foundation, Inc., 30 Broad Street »- Suite 3106 -- New York 4, New York.

Miller, Loren. "The Changing Metro-Urban Complex," Journal of Intergroup Relations, winter, 1961-1962.

Minority Occupancy and Housing Values. 1957. Baltimore Urban League, 2404 Pennsylvania Avenue, Baltimore 17. (free) Report of a study of the :t, effect of nonwhite occupancy on housing values in an upper-middle in­ come neighborhood (510,000 - $15,000 homes at current prices).

National Committee Against Discrimination in Housing, 4,26 West 58th Street, New York 19, New York:

"Interracial Tract (on no-down terms) Turns Out Ninety Per Cent White," reprinted from House and Home, February, 1957. "Open Occupancy Grows in Private Housing," Crends, October, 1956. Rebuilding Our Cities for Everybody, transcript of the Annual Conference. ig "The 1957 Housing Challenge," by Frances Levenson, reprinted from Community, 1957. Trends in Housing. Housing: The Role of the Real Estate Agent.

(Continue next page) 24

Interracial Neighborhoods in New Jersey Communities NCHD Testimony Befon Senate Committee on Banking and Currency. Local Law No. 80 of the City of New York. The Sharkey-Brown-Isaacs Bill.

"Negro Neighbors: Property Values Unchanged Despite Transition," reprinted for the Community Relations Board of the City of Cleveland. (condensation o: articles appearing in the Cleveland Press, September 3-8, 1956).

Nesbitt, George B. "Non-White Residential Dispersion in the District of Columbi reprint from the Journal of Negro Education, (winter, 1956).

Northwood, L. K. "The Threat and Potential of Urban Renewal: A 'Workable Program for Better Race Relations. The Journal of Intergroup Relations, Spring, 1961.

Palmore, Erdman and Howe, John. "Residential Integration and Property Values," Social Problems, Summer 1962. (A study of nine New Haven Neighborhoods into which Negroes have entered between 1950 and I960.)

"Race Relations in Private Housing," vol. XIII, no. 4, Journal of Social Issues (Albert J. Mayer, Issue Editor). 1957.

Roberts, Richard J. "Fair Housing Laws: A Tool for Racial Equality," Social Order, January, 1962.

Robison, Joseph B. Analysis of Executive Order on Discrimination in the Federal Housing Program. Commission on Law and Social Action, American Jewish Congress, Nov. 30, 1962, 15 East 54th Street, New York 28, New York.

. "Housing - The Northern Civil Kights Frontier," reprinted from W-stern Reserve Law Review, December, 1961, Reprints available from the National Committee Against Discrimination in Housing, 426 West 58th Street, New York 19, New York.

Rutledge, Edward and William R. Valentine. "Market Area Agreements -- An Old Device Put to New Use," The Journal of Intergroup Relations, Summer, 1961.

Saks, J. Harold and Rabkin, Sol. "Racial and Religious Discrimination in Housing: A Report of Legal Progress," Iowa Law Review, Spring, 1960. A well-documented review of the shift during the past thirty-odd years from the use of law to sustain religious and racial discrimination in housing to the use of law to bar such restrictions.

Schwulst, Earl B. A Banker Relates Experiences in Financing Non-White Housing. Washington, D. C.: Housing and Finance Agency.

Social Action, "Housing Without Racial Barriers," November, 1957. Council for Christian Social Action of the United Church of Christ, 289 Park Avenue, South, New York 10, New York.

Stetler, Henry G. Integration in Private Residential Neighborhoods in Connectic Hartford: Commission on ^-ivil "ights. 1957. 25

"The Challenge of Open Occupancy," House and Home, November 1962. Editorial reprint, put out by Time, Inc., Rockefeller Center, New York 26, New York,

The Journal of Intergroup Relations:

Winter 1959-60 Babbit, Thelma. "Fair Housing Practices Committees --Bringing Willing Sellers and Buyers Together."

Home, Frans S. "The Past Decade and Fair Housing Practices." Kerckhoff, Richard K. and Gould Flo. "Education for Inter­ racial Living." Miller, Loren. "Government's Role In Housing Equality."

Summer 1960 Milgram, Morris. "Commercial Development of Integrated Housing."

Autumn 1960 Jones, Madison S. "Planning for facially and Ethnically Balanced Communities in Public Housing,"

Thomas, Trevor and Babow, Irving. San Francisco's Housing Market - Open or Closed? Council for Civic Unity, 437 Market Street, San Fr;ncisco, California. Examines stated views and actual practices.

U. S. Housing and Home Finance Agency. Potential Housing Demands of Non-white Population in Selected Metropolitan Areas. Prepared by Marian Yankauer and the Statistical reports staff. Washington, December 1962.

. Public Housing Administration, Intergroup Relations Branch, Trends toward open Occupancy in Low Rent Housing Programs of the Public Administration, March 31, 1957.

State Statues and Local Ordinances and Resolutions Prohibiting Discrimination in Housing and Urban Renewal Operations. Prepared by the Intergroup Relations Service and the office of the General Counsel. Revised, December 1961. Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office. 1962.

Urban Renewal and the Negro in Chicago. 1958. The Chicago Urban League, 2410 South Michigan Avenue, Chicago 16, Illinois. 23 pp. plus charts and tables.

W3od, Elizabeth. A New Look at the Balanced Neighborhood, Citizens' Housing and Planning Council of New Y'ork, 20 West 40th Street, New York 18, New York,

Law and Social Order

"A Century of Struggle" - Emancipation Proclamation 1863-1963, The Progressive, December 1962. A special issue on the Negro's struggle for civil rights since the Civil War.

; 26

Albany

Albany Report, published by the Exploratory Program in Journalism, Chicago City Missionary Society (19 South LaSalle Street, Chicago 3, Illinois) September 6, 1962.

Zinn, Howard. Albany: A Study in National Responsibility. Southern Regional Council, 5 ^orsyth Street, N. w., Atlanta 3, Georgia.

"A Legal and Sociological Analysis of the Integration Decree of May 31, 1955: A Sequel to the Article, A Legal and Sociological Analysis of the Segregation Decision of May 17, 1954," University of Pittsburgh Law Review, Vol. XVI. 1955.

A Report on State Anti-Piscrimination Agencies and the Laws They Administer. American Jewish Congress, Community Service Bureau, 15 East 84th Street, New York 28, New York. Twenty-one Page report prepared by the Commissior on Law and Social Action and reveals that 41 per cent of the nation's total population lives in states that have established legal agencies to combat bias in one or more of the areas of employment, education, public accommodations and publicly-assisted housing.

"A Symposium on Current Problems in the Area of Civil Liberties," Western Reserve Law Review, December, 1961,

Allen, Oliver and Williams, Chester S. One Nation Indivisible: An American Dialogue on Race Relations and the Law. Freedom House, 20 West 40th Street, New York 18, New York.

American Civil Liberties Union. " Freedom Through Dissent" 42nd Annual Report (July 1, 1961 to June 30, 1962) American Civil Liberties Union, 1D6 Fifth Avenue, New York 10, New York,

"Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science," Civil Rights in America. Philadelphia: The Academy, 3817 Spruce Street, May, 1951, (entire issue) D<

Ball, Harry V. Simpson, George Eaton and Ikeda, Kiyoshi. "Law and Social Di Change": Sumner Reconsidered, American Journal of Sociology, March, 196;

Barth, Alan, "Report on the 'Rampageous Right," reprinted from The New York Times Magazine, November 26, 1961, Distributed by National Labor Ser­ vice, Institute of Human Relations, 165 t-ast 56th Street, New York 22, New York. Dc

Birmingham

Bell, Charles G, "Battle Hymn in Birmingham," The Nation, May 4, 1963. D* "Birmingham and the Law," The New Republic, May 25, 1963. Brown, Joe David. "Birmingham, Alabama: A City in Fear." The Saturday Evening Post, March 2, 1963. Osborne, George R. "Boycott in Birmingham'1 The Nation, May 6, 1962. Sn

Brennan, William J., Jr. The Bill of Rights and the States. Santa Barbara, California, Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions. 21

Brown, William P. The Police and Community Conflict. National Conference of Christians and Jews, 43 West 57th Street, New York 19, New York.

Borinski, Ernst. "The Emerging Case Law in the Segregation Decision of the Supreme Court of May 17, 1954 and May 31, 1955," reprinted from The University of Pittsburg Law Review, (spring issue)

Carter, Hodding III. "Citadel of the Citizens Council," The New York Times Magazine, November 12, 1961.

Cater, uouglas. "Static Politics in A Changing South," The Reporter, March 31, 1960.

Civil Rights in the Nation's Capital: A Report on A Decade of Progress, September, 1959. National Association of Intergroup Relations Officials, Room 209, 426 West 56th Street, New York 19, New York.

Civil Rights Legislation -- Reviewing Acts of 1957 and 1960 -- Competing Pro­ posals, Debate, Provisions, Key Votes -- in Historical Perspective. Congressional Quarterly, Incorporated, 1156 Nineteenth Street, N. W, Washington 6, D, C.

Congressional Record, February 29, 1960. "Notre Dame Conference on Civil Rights," The Civil Kights Conference at the Notre Dame Law School, February 14, 1960.

Cracking the Color Line: Non-violent direct action methods of eliminating racial discrimination. Congress of Racial Equality (Core), 3b Park Row, New York 38, New York, 1962.

Curry, J. E. and King, Glen D. Race Tensions and the Police. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas. 1962. Two members of the Dallas Police Department delineate a guide to the officer's role in mediating ten­ sions which arise from disagreements between racial groups.

Dent, Tom. "New Law Against Tokenism," New South, January, 1963,

Dodson, Dan, "The Creative Role of Confxict in Intergroup Relations," Social Progress, 1961,

Doss, George A., Jr. "Negotiated Desegreation in Macon, Georgia," (Homegrown Movement in Macon.) New South, April, 1963.

Douglas, Paul H. "The 1960 voting Rights Bill; The Struggle, the Final Re­ sults, and the Reasons." The Journal of Intergroup Relations, Summer, 1960.

Dykeman, Wilma and Stokely, James. "The Big Cure for Segregation." The New York Times Magazine, September 24, 1961, ("bring out Negro voters in the South,")

Emerson, Thomas I, and Bonfield, Arthur E, "Forgotten Remedy for the Voteless Negro," The Nation, January 21, 1961. 28

Epstein, Charlotte. Intergroup Relations for Police Officers. Baltimore: Ke Williams and Wilkins Company, 1962.

Equal Protection of the Laws in North Carolina. Report of the North Carolina Advisory Committee to the United States Commission on Civil Rights, Ke 1959-62. Washington, D. C.: u. S. Covernment Printing Office,

Federal Bar Journal, The Federal Bar Association, 1737 H. Street, N. W., Washington 6, D. C. Vol. 20, No. 3 deals with the subject of "Indian Ki Law." Individual copies 81.50

Federally Supported Discrimination: A Survey of Its Extent, A Program of Executive Action to Eliminate it. Leadership Conference on Civil Rights, 20th W. 40th Street, New York 18, New York. "L Jones, Lewis and Smith, Stanley. Tuskegee, Alabama. Voting Rights and Economic Pressure. Published by the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith in co-operation with the National COUncil of Churches of Christ. 515 Le Madison Avenue, New York 22, New York.

Emerson, Thomas I. "Negro Registration Laws," The Nation, March 19, 1960. Li

Federal Action for Civil Rights (reprinted from Current, December, 1961.) Community Relations Service, Institute of Human Relations, 165 East 56th Street, New York 22, New York.

Forster, Arnold and Rabkin, Sol. "The Constitutionality of Laws Against Le Discrimination in Publicly Assisted Housing. Reprinted from New York Law F0rum, January, I960. Available from Anti-Defamation League of B'na B'rith, 515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, New York. Lol

Goldman, Eric Fi. "Progress -- by Moderation and Agitation," The New York Times Magazine, June 18, 1961. Lo

Guzman, Jessie P. and Hall, Woodrow W. Desegregation and the Southern States 1957: Legal Action and Voluntary Group Action. (A record of legal acti Federal, State and Local -- and voluntary group actions -- pro and con Le; in the South during the year. Tuskegee Institute, Alabama Department of Records and Research, Tuskegee Institute. 1958. Loi Hartman, Paul. Civil Rights and Minorities (5th revision - Spring, 1962) - Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, Lor New York.

Comparative Analysis of State FEP Laws. Anti-Defamation League McC of B'nai B'rith, 515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, New York.

Hoover, J. Edgar. "To Law Enforcement Officials," Law Enforcement Bulletin, Mic April, 1961. Reckless and indiscriminate charges of "communism" castigated. Copies available from the "merican Jewish Committee, 165 East 56th street, New York 22, New York and the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, Madison Avenue, New York, 22.

Mcr>' 29

Kenealy, William J. "Desegregation and the Law," Catholic Mind, January, 1963, A justification of federal intervention to prohibit segregation since private efforts have failed.

Kenealy, William J. and S. J. "The Legal Profession and Segregation,!' Social Order, December, 1956. Distributed by the Fund for the Republic, 60 East 42nd Street, New York 17, New York. (reprint).

King, Martin Luther, Jr., "Fumbling on the New Frontier," - Report on civil rights - The Nation, March 3, 1962.

, "The Ethical Demands of Integration," The Pres- byterian Outlook, January 28, 1963.

"Legal Sanctions to Enforce Desegregation in the Public Schools: The Contempt >mic Power and the Civil Rights Acts," Yale Law Journal, April, 1956. Leskes, Theodore. "State Segregation Laws," The Journal of Intergroup Re­ lations , Summer, 1961.

Life, March 14, 1960. "Siege on Civil Rights: As Southern Senators Stage Historic Filibuster, Southern Negroes Stage Orderly Sit-downs." "In A special report Harry Golden tells why Negroes may win the battle,"

Editorial: "The Right to Vote Is A Must."

Leskes, Theodore. "The Federal Executive and Civil Rights," Journal of In­ c tergroup Relations, Spring, 1962. J'nai Lohman, Joseph D. Police and Minority Groups. Chicago Park District Police, 1947.

Los Angeles Conference on Community Relations. "A Study of Police Training Programs in Minority Relations." The Conference, 3125 Adams Boulevard, Los Angeles, California, ictio an Leskes, Theodore. "The Civil Rights Story -- A Year's Review," reprinted t of from American Jewish Year Book, vol. 62, 1961.

Lomax, Louis E. "The Kennedy Move on Dixie," Harper's Magazine, May, 1962.

22, Long, Herman H. "The Role of Government in Race Relations," Social Action, January, 1962.

gue McCain, James T. The Right to Vote. Published by CORE (38 Park Row, New York 38, New York), August 1962.

Middleton, R, "Civil Rights and Presidential Voting Among Southern Negroes and Whites," Social Forces, March 1962,

Milwaukee Police Department. A Guide to Understanding Race and Human Relations, Milwaukee: Department for Instructional Purposes.

McMillan, George. Racial Violence and Law Enforcement. Southern Regional Council, 5 Forsyth Street, North West, Atlanta 3, Georgia. 1960. 30

Mississippi

Hollander, Ronald A. "One Mississippi Negro Who Didn't Go to College," The Reporter, November 8, 1962.

Mantinband, Charles. "From the Diary of a Mississippi Rabbi," American Judaism (Union of American Hebrew Congregations) Winter 1962-1963.

Mississippi Advisory Committee to the United States Commission on Civil Rights. Report on Mississippi. January, 1963.

Poppy, John. "The South's War Against Negro Votes," Look, May 21, 1963.

Sitton, Claude. "Inquiry into the Mississippi Mind," The New York Times Magazine, April 28, 1963.

"The Mississippi Story: A Comprehensive Post Report," The Saturday Evening Post, November 10, 1962. 'I'll know victory or Defeat,' by James Meredith; 'What Next in Mississippi,' by Robert Massie; 'How Much Hate There Is Now,' by John Faulkner.

"The Other Mississippi," New South, March 1963. Entire issue devoted to "signs of conscience-stricken white support for law and brotherhood "

Moon, Henry Lee. "The Negro Voter," The Nation, September 17, 1960.

Morse, George Chester. "The Dilemma of the Negro Voter." Chicago Jewish Forum, Fall, 1960.

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Equal Justice under Law. New York: The Association, 20 West 40th Street, 1945.

Newman, Edward W. The Law of Civil Rights and Civil Liberties. American Jewish Committee, 165 East 56th Street, New York 22, New York.

Pettigrew, Thomas F. "Faubus and Segregation: An Analysis of Arkansas Voting." The Public Opinion Quarterly, Fall, 1960.

Planer, Ed. "Louisiana: The Expensive Way to Fight Integration," The Reporter, October, 11, 1962.

Pollitt, Daniel H. "The President's Powers in Areas of Race Relations: An Exploration. 39 North Carolina Law Review.

Price, Margaret. The Negro and the Ballot. Southern Regional Council, 5 Forsyth Street, N. W. , Atlanta 3, Georgia.

. The Negro Voter in the South. Southern Regional Council, 5 Forsyth Street, Atlanta Georgia, 1957.

Rabkin, Sol. "Progress in Civil Rights in State Legislatures: An Addendum," The Journal of Intergroup Relations, Autumn 1961. 31

"Racial Discrimination and the Role of the State," 59 Michigan Law Review, 1054-77.

Radelet, Louis A. Police-Community Relations. I960. National Conference of Christians and Jews, 43 West 57th Street, New York 10, New York.

"Recent Attacks upon the Supreme Court: A Statement by Members of the Bar," (reprint from the American Bar Association Journal, Decmebtr, 1956) American Jewish Committee, 165 East 56th Street, New York 22, New York.

Record, Wilson. "Human Rights, Law, and Education." The Journal of Negro Education, Fall, 1960.

"Remedies for Racial or Religious Discrimination by Hospitals," Chicago: Commission on Law and Social Action, American Jewish Congress, 15 East 84th Street.

Rischin, Moses, "Our Own Kind" -- Voting by Race, Creed or National Origin. 1960. Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions, Box 4068, Santa Barbara, California.

Robison, Joseph B. "Legislation Against Bias-Possibilities and Limitations." The Journal of Intergroup Relations, winter, I959-60.

. The Federal Civil Rights Act of 1957: A Summary and Analysis. 1957. Commission on Law and Social Action, AJC, 15 East 84th Street, New York 28, New York (mimeographed)

. "The Supreme Court and Civil Rights in the 1959-60 Term." The Journal of Intergroup Relations, Autumn, 1960

Rogers, William P. "Civil Rights -- Neither State Nor Personal Rights May Be Used to Deny Constitutional Right." Vital Speeches of the Day, January 15, 1961.

Rudwick, Elliott M. The Unequal Badge: Negro Policemen in the South. Southern Regional Council, 5 Forsyth Street, N. W., Atlanta 3, Georgia.

Samuels, Gertrude. "Two Ways: Black Muslim and N.A.A.C.P., The New York Times Magazine, May 12, 1963.

Southern Patriot, March, 1960. Entire issue devoted to the voteless citizens from the South.

Sitton, Claude. "When a Southern Negro Goes to Court," reprinted from The New York Times Magazine and distributed by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. 1962.

South Dakota Advisory Committee to the United States Commission on Civil Rights. Report on Rapid City, March 1963. Commission on Civil Rights, Washington 25, D. C. —•

32

Student Protest Movement

A Chronology of Negotiations Leading to Lunch Counter Desegregation in Knoxville, Tennessee — July 18, 1960. Distributed by the Knoxvillt Area Human Relations Council, Box 1011, Knoxville 1, Tennessee.

"Bishop Supports Priest-Demonstrator," Community, March, 1961. Statement made January 18, 1961 by the Most Reverend Victor J. Reed, Bishop of Oklahoma, regarding racial discrimination and the sit-in campaign in Oklahoma.

Bagdikan, Ben H, "Negro Youth's New March on Dixie," The Saturday .Evening Post, September 8, 1962.

Braden, Anne. "Students Challenge Rural Georgia," The Southern Patriot, December 1962.

Carter, Hodding. "The Young Negro Is A New Nero," The New York Times Magazine, May 1, 1960.

Christian Education News, May 15, 1960. Board of Christian Education and Publication, Evangelical and Reformed Church, 1505 Race Street, Philadelphia. This special issue is focused on the sit-ins with suggestions as to how the issue may be related to church school lessons

Dunbar, Leslie. "The Freedom Ride," New South, July-August, 1961

An appraisal of Freedom Rides for the Forum 0i London, a news and opinion service with wide distribution in Africa and Asia.

Dykeman, Wilma and Stokely, James. "Sit down Chillun, Sit down." The Progressive, June, 1960.

Fleming, Harold C. "Price of A Cup of Coffee." Reporter, May 12, 1960.

, "The Changing South and the Sit-its," The Journal of Intergroup Relations, Winter, 1960-61.

Fuller, Helen. "Southern Students Take Over," The New Republic. May 2, 1960.

. "We Are All So Very Happy," A report on the Southern "sit-ins," The New Republic, April 25, 1960.

"Further Reflections on Freedom Riding," Christianity and Crisis (531 West 121 Street, New York 27, New York), August 7, 1961. Robert McAfee Brown, one of the authors is a member of the C & C editorial board and a professor at Union Theological Seminary -• was arrested and jailed in Tallahassee, Florida. Aie other, Gaylord B. Noyce, a teacher at the Yale Divinity School went on the "Professors' Freedom Ride" to Montgomery, Alabama, and was jailed.

Hayden, Tom. Revolution in Mississippi, Students for A Democratic Society Publication. American Jewish Committee, Institute of Human Relations, 165 East 56th Street, New York 22, New York. 33

Johns, Major and Moore, Ronnie. It Happened in Baton Rouge, USA: A Real Life Drama of Our Deep South. Published by CORE, April, 1962.

Johnson, Gerald W. "Trial of A Small Town" -- The arrest of 700 Negroes for Parading Without Permission. The New Republic, March 19, 1962.

Kahn, Tom (with forewords by Norman Thomas and James Lawson). Unfinished Revolution. Available from Igal Roodenko, Printer, 36 East Tenth Street, New York 3, New York. A study of the sit-in movement and its far-reaching implications.

King, Martin Luther, Jr. "The Burning Truth in the South," (the first of two studies of the sit-down protest of Negro students) The Progressive, May, I96C.

. "Love, Law and Civil Disobedience," New South, December, 1961.

Kunstler, William. "Laxv and the Sit-ins," The Nation, November 4, 1961.

Lincoln, Eric. "The Strategy of A Sit-in." The Reporter, January 5, 1961,

Lukas, J. Anthony. "Trouble on Route 40," reprinted from The Reporter, October 26, 1961. Available from Community Relations Service, Institute of Human Relations, 165 East 56th Street, New York 22, New York.

Mabee, Carleton. "Evolution of Non-Violence: Two Decades of Sit-ins," The Nation, August 12, 1961.

. "Sit-ins and Marches," The Nation, October 6, 1962.

Meier, August. "The Successful Sit-ins in a Border City: A Study in Social Causation," The Journal of Intergroup Relations, Summer, 1961,

Morland, Kenneth. Lunch-Counter Desegregation in Corpus Christi, Galveston and San Antonio, Texas. 1960. Southern Regional Council, 5 Forsyth Street, North West, Atlanta 3, Georgia.

Nexv South. March, I960, Southern Regional Council, 5 Forsyth Street, N. W., Atlanta 3, Georgia. The entire issue is devoted to the sit-in demonstrations.

"One Battle the Negroes Are Winning in the South." U. S. Mews and World Report. June, 1960.

Peck, Jim,, ed. Sit-ins - The Students Report. 1960. Congress 0± Racial Equality, 38 Park Row, New York, New York.

Price, Margaret. Toward A Solution of the Sit-in Controversy. 1960. Southern Regional Council, 5 Forsyth Street, N. wT, Atlanta 3, Ga.

Regan, Richard J., S. J. "Ethics, Law and the Sit-ins," Interracial Review, June, i960. —•*•

34

Rostow, Eugene V. "The Freedom Riders and the Future," The Reporter, June 22, 1961. (Dr Rostow is Dean of the Yale University of Law School,)

Searles, R. and Williams, J. A. "Negro College Students Participation in Sit-ins," Social Forces, March 1962.

Smith, Charles U. "The Sit-ins and the New Negro Student," The Journal of Intergroup Relations, Summer, 1961.

Smith, Lillian. "The South's Moment of Truth," The Progressive, September, I960.

Southern Regional Council. "The Student Protest Movement, Winter, 1960. Mimeographed Special Report, issued February 25, 1960. Additional reports also - April 4, 1960. A factual account of the lunch counter demonstrations during the monlh of February and March, 196C . Southern Regional Council, 5 Forsyth Street, N. W., Atlanta 3, Georgia.

The Day They Changed Their Minds. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 20 West 40th Street, New York 19, New York. 1960. -

"The Freedom Ride," Special Report by the Southern Regional Council, 5 Forsyth Street, N. W,, Atlanta, Georgia. May, 1961. 1 The Freedom Riders — A Clergyman's View, by Robert McAfee Brown — An Historian's View, by Frank Randall. These two Articles first appeared in The Amherst College Alumni News. CORE (38 Park Row, New York 38, New York) has combined the two in one reprint for j distribution. The Student Protest Movement: A Recapitulation, September, 1961. Southern Regional Council, 5 Forsyth Street, N. W., Atlanta 3, Ga.

The Wall Street Journal, February 23, 1960. "Lunch-Counter Lever: Negro Pickets Spur Use of Power in Integration Battle."

Tuskegee Institute, Department of Records and Research. A Bibliography^ of the Student Movement Protesting Segregation and Discrimination,"" 1960. 1961.

"Why They Sat-ln." (This happened to us; settling a sit-in; What does _»] it all mean; Laws and the Law: Organizations involved; Places desegregated), Social Progress, February, 1961. Department of Social Education and Action, Presbyterian Church, U.S.A., 1009 ^c Sloan Street, Crawfordsville, Indiana.

Taft, Charles P. and Felknor, Bruce L. Prejudice and Politics. 1960. Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 515 Madison Avenue, New York Ur 22, New York.

"The Administration and Civil ^ights, The ADL Bulletin, March, 1962. Key government officials responsible for the Administration's program in civil rights report accomplishments after the first year. The Civil Rights and Civil Liberties Decision of the United States Supreme Court for the 1960-61 Term -- A Summary and Analysis. Prepared by the Commission on Law and Social Action of the American Jewish Congress, 15 East 84th Street, New York 28, New York. The Civil Rights Fight: A Look at the Legislative Record. Industrial Union Department, AFL-CIO, 815 Sixteenth Street, N. W., Washington 6, D. C, 1960. The Federal Executive and Cjyii Rights. Southern Regional Council, 5 Forsyth Street, N. W., Atlanta 3, Georgia. >0. "xhe John Birch Society," reprinted from Facts, November-December, 1961. The 1 Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith. 60. The Lost Decade -- An Analysis of Illinois Civil Rights Legislation 1949-59. American Jewish Congress, 15 East 84th Street, New York 28, New York.

"The Move to Disenfranchise the Negro Voter." (Mimeograph report compiled by Southern Regional Council, 5 Forsyth Street, Atlanta; (April, 1958)

The People Take the Lead: A Record of Progress in Civil Rights 1954-1963. National Labor Service, Institute of Human Relations, 165 East 56th Street, New York 22, New York.

The Police and Human Relations! A handbook for police recruits, prepared by the Denver Commission on Human Relations and the Denver Police Academy. 1957. The Potomac Institute. State Executive Authority to Promote Civil Rights. This report sets forth the legal foundation of executive authority to promote civil rights, describes steps taken in a number of states and proposes detailed recommendations for state executive action to eli­ minate discrimination in employment, housing, education, and public accomodations. A good program for community action. Available at 5C£ per copy (quantity prices on request) from the Potomac Institute, 1501 18th Street, N. W., Washington 6, D. C. The South Speaks Out for Law and Order: A roundup of southern press opinion. Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, New York.

Thompson, Daniel C, "The Role of the Federal Courts in the Changing Status of Negroes Since World War IJ," The Journal of Negro Education, Spring, 1961. To Secure These Rights. A brief summary of the report of the President's Committee on Civil Rights, 1957, Community Relations Service, 165 East 56th Street, New York 22, New York. United States Commission on Civil Rights. With Liberty and Justice for All. 1959. An abridgement of the report of the United States Commission on Civil Rights. Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C, 36

U. S. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Con­ stitutional Rights. Constitutional _____hts: Report. U. S. Government Printing Office. 1962.

Weintal, Edward. "Protocol Patrol," The New York Times Magazine, May 13, 1962. U. S. State Department's attempts to deal with problems caused by refusal of establishments on Route 40 to serve non-white diplomats and other foreign dignataries.

Westwood, Howard C. "The Role of the Legal Profession," in the Notre Dame Lawyer, Symposium 1959 Issue on the Problems and Responsibilities of Desegregation.

Williamstown Workshop, Williamstown, Mass. 1962. Education: Ihat Security and Liberty May Prosper Together. New York: National Council for the Social Studies and Civil Liberties Education Foundation. Report of a program to improve Bill of Rights teaching in high schools.

Wilson, James Q. "How the Northern Negro Uses His Vote," The Reporter, March 31, 1960.

With Justice for All: A Guide for Law Enforcement Officers. Co-published by the International Association of Chiefs of Police and by the Anti- Defamation League of B'nai B'rit . Available from the Anti-Defamation League, 515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, New York.

Worsnop, Richard L. Protection of Voting Rights, Washington, D. C., Editorial Research Reports, April 18, 1962. Discusses discriminatory practices such as poll taxes, literacy tests, residence requirements, and the federal action being taken to erase them.

Minorities and Group Relations.

A Second Look: The Negro Citizen in Atlanta, prepared by the Atlanta Committee ; for Co-operative Action, January, 1960. Southern Regional Council, 5 Forsyth Street, North West, Atlanta 3, Georgia.

Allport, Gordon. "Prejudice: A Problem in Psychological and Social Causation,"! Journal of Social Issues, November, 1950.

. "Prejudice: Is It Societal or Personal?" 'he Journal of Social Issues, XVII, No. 2 1962.

"America, His Hope, His Future," The New York Times, January 17, I960. A special supplement prepared by the National Urban League "tc offer a guide to living in multi-racial America." Copies may be secured throughl the National Urban League, 14 East 48th Street, New York 17, New York.

"American Indians and Their Economic Development, "Special issue -- Human Organization, Winter 1961-62.

"Anti-Semitism," Social Action, November, I960. 37

Robinson, Allyn P. "Roots of Anti-Semitism in American Life." Ellerin, Milton. "The Hate Groups."

Koenig, Robert. "Christian Education and Anti-Semitism."

As the UN Probes Prejudice: Observations on the United Nations Inquiry into Anti-Semitism and Other Forms of Religious and Racial Prejudice. The American Jewish Committee, Institute of Human Relations, 165 East 56th Street, New York 22, New York. Assault upon Freedom of Association. A study of the southern attack on the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. 1957. American Jewish Congress, 15 East 84th Street, New York 28, New York. Forty-seven pages. A state-by-state analysis of measures taken by 11 southern states against the NAACP, and the implications of these steps for other organizations. Foreword by Reverend Eugene Carson Blake.

Bakst, Jerome. "The Ku Klux Klan: Nothing Ahead But Trouble," ADL Bulletin, February, 1961. The Klan has been spurred to greater activity -- the prospect? More disorder and violence. Baldwin, James. "A Negro Assays the Negro Mood," The New York Times Magazine, March 12, 1961.

"The dangerous Road Before Dr. Martin Luther King." Harper's Magazine, February, 1961. . "Letter from a Region in my Mind," The New Yorker, November 17, 1962. Bal, Alfred and Haley, Alex. "Black Merchants of Hate," The S»tfurday Evening Post, January 26, 1963. "Negro 'Muslims' threaten to turn resentment against racial discrimination into open rebellion." Blanton, Smiley, "Can We Learn Not to Hate?" Good Housekeeping, February 1963.

Belth, N. C. and Epstein, The Dimensions of Social Discrimination. Social discrimination analyzed in terms of long-range effects. Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, New York. Belth, Nathan C. and Pruner, Morton. Prejudice and the Lively Arts. Anti- Defamation League of cjnai B'rith, 1961. Stereotypes, Discrimination and intergroup relations themes in movies, radio, television, theater, comics and Tin Pan Alley. Bigotry in Action (Organized Anti-Semitism in the United States Today). American Jewish Committee, 165 East 56th Street, New York 22, New York. 23 pp. 1958. Bombings and Hate Sheets -- A Program to Combat Lawlessness. Corrective action must involve both Congress and the Executive branch of the Federal Government. Available from the American Jewish Congress, 15 East 84th Street, New York 28, New York. 38

Bowman, Leroy. "The Puerto Rican Community in America: Rapid Acculturation," The Humanist, Jan.-Feb. 1962.

Campbell, Ernest Q. "Moral Discomfort and Racial Segregation - An Examination of the Myrdal Hypothesis." Social Sprees, March, 1961, Tests the assumption that a large amount of guilt is associated with segregation.

Caplovitz, David and Rogers, Candace. Swastika I960: The Epidemic of Anti- r Semitic Vandalism in America, Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, New *ork.

Clark, Kenneth B. "Desegregation: an Evaluation of Social Science Predictions.' Teachers College Record, October, 1960, Columbia University, New York, New York. E; Cohen, Oscar. The Swastika "Epidemic" and Anti-Semitism in America. 1960, Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, New York. F*

Comas, Juan, "'Scientific' Racism Again?" Reprint from the October 1961 issue of Current Anthropology, Fi

Cook, Stuart W. "The Systematic Analysis of Socially Significant Events? A Strategy for Social Research," Journal of Social Issues, XVIII, No. 2, 1962.

Dabbs, James S. The Tragic Fellowship of Southerners. Available froim the Southern Regional Council, 5 Forsythe Street, Atlanta 3, Georgia. —i

Daly, Victor R. "A Decade of Progress in Race Relations in the Nation's Capital, The Journal of Intergroup Relations, Summer, 1961.

"Development of Attitudes in Respect to Discrimination," American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, January 1962. (1) The Formation of social attitudes, by Daniel C„ Thompson, (2) An Atypical stereotype of the Negroes' social worlds, by Harold I. Lief. Fr:i

Deutscher, M. and Chein, Isidor, "The Psychological Effects of Enforced Se­ gregation: A Survey of Social Science Opinion," The Journal of Psychology, vol. 61, No. 2, Spring, 1948,

Directory of Intergroup Relations Agencies with Paid Professional Personnel. New York: National Association of Intergroup Relations Officials (NAIRO), November 1, 1959. (426 West 58th Street). $2. A total of over 600 seperate offices of national, regional, state, local and international organizations.

Douglas, William. Freedom of the Mind, Published by the American Library Association in co-operation with the Public Affairs Committee, Public x Affairs Pamphlets, 1962,

Douglass, Joseph H. "Intergroup Relations in the Federal Services," Journal of Intergroup Relations, Winter 1960-61. 39

Dunbar, Ernest. "The Negro in America Today," Look, April 10, 1962. Reprints available from The American Jewish Committee, Institute of Human Rela­ tions, 165 East 56th Street, New York 22, New York.

Durr, Clifford J. Jesus As a Free Speech Victim. Available from Promoting Enduring Peace, Inc., 112 Beach Avenue, Woodmont, Connecticut.

Dykeman, Wilma and Stokely, James. "McCarthyism under the Magnolias," reprinted from The Progressive, July, 1959. Southern Regional Council, Atlanta.

"'The South' in the North," The New York Times Magazine, April 17, 1960. Differences and Similarities--Clinton, Tennessee and Deerfield, Illinois.

Encouraging Fair Treatment in Kentucky, First Annual Report (1961) of the Commission on Human Rights, 168 Capitol Annex, Frankfort, Kentucky.

Fey, Harold E. "Indian Rights and American Justice," The Christian Century. 407 South Dearborn Street, Chicago 5, Illinois. 1955.

Fifth Annual Report - American Indian Development 1956. Arrow, Inc., 1346 Connecticut Avenue, North West, Washington 6, D. C.

Finocchiaro, Maru. "Puerto Rican Newcomers," American Unity. The Council Against Intok ranee in America, 1123 Broadway, New York 10, New York, January-February, 1956.

Food Service Desegregation: Experience with Non-segregated Service in Kentucky Eating Establishments, July 1961. A report prepared bj the Social Re­ search Service, University of Kentucky for The Commission on Human Rights, Commonwealth of Kentucky, 168 Capitol Annex Building, Frankfort, Kentucky.

Foster, G. W,, Jr. "1960: Turning Point for Desegregation?" Saturday Review, December 17, 1960.

Friedman, Murray. "The White Liberal's Retreat," The Atlantic, January 1963.

Galtung, John. What High School Students Say: A Survey of Attitudes and Knowledge about Jews and Nazism. Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 1961.

Gillin, John. Race -- New edition. National Conference of Christians and Jews, 43 West 57th Street, New York 19, New York, November,1962.

Grambs, Jean D. "What Research Says About Understanding Intergroup Relations," NBA Journal, December, 1960. Review of research related to intergroup relations and suggestions for school programs.

Grimshaw, Allen D. "Relationships Among Prejudice, Discrimination, Social Tension and Social Violence," The Journal of Intergroup Relations, Autumn, 1961. 40

"Growing Up Negro," January 1963 issue of American Child. Four articles -- (1) Otis E. Finley, Jr., "discrimination 1963" (2) Kenneth B. Clark, "The New Struggle," and (3) Eli E Cohen, "The Negro and Education," and (4) Livingston E. Beane, "The Square and I."

Hamblin, Robert L, "The Dynamics of Racial Discrimination," Social Problems, Fall 1962.

Handlin, Oscar. American Jews: Their Story. The One Nation Library Pamphlet Series, published t>y the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, New York. 35£

Hartstein, Jacob. The Jews in American History. New York: Anti-Defamation League, of B'nai B'rith. Covers a variety of topics from colonial settlements to Jewish culture.

Helping Puerto Ricans Help Themselves, published by the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico -- Migration Division -- Department of Labor, 322 West 45th Street, New York 36, New York.

"How Good Are Our Textbooks?" The ADL Bulletin, January, 1961. Some improvement has been made but the picture of minority groups and the Nazi era is still partial or distorted.

Human Values and Public Policy — Summaries of Presentations at the 18th Annual Institute of Race Relations, June 19-July 1, 1961. Race Relations Department, Division of Higher Education and the American Missionary Association, United Church of Christ, Fisk University, Nashville, Tennessee.

Ingraham, Edyth H. "De-Valued Self-images Among Culturally Deprived Youth," "The American Teachers Association Bulletin, March 1962.

Interracial Review

"Integration in Hospitals: A staff report," July 1962. "Negro Contrasts," is the theme and especial attention is called to the article by Eugene Fontinell, "The Identity of James Baldwin." September 1962. "Other Minorities: Puerto Ricans of Color" by Eva E. Sandis; t» Indian Americans and the Kennedy Administration^ by Galen R. Weaver; "Appalachian Migrants'! by James M. Shea. March 1963.

Isaacs, Harold R. "Integration and the Negro Mood," reprinted from Commentary, December 1962. Available from the American Jewish Committee, 165 East 56 Street, New York 22, New York.

Katz, Shlomo. "Norman Podhoretz's Immodest Proposal," Midstream (Theodor Herzl Foundation) March 1963. Critical Comment on Oidhoretz's article "My Negro Problem and Ours," in the February 1963 issue of Commentary.

Kennedy, John F. A Nation of Immigrants. Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rithj 515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, New York. 500

Killian, Lewis M. and Smith, Charles U. "Negro Protest Leaders in a Southern Community," Social forces. March, 1960. 41

Jahoda, Marie. Race Relations and Mental Health. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 1960.

Kelsey, David. "Slipping Segregation: Negroes Win Lowering of More Barriers in South," reprinted from The Wall Street Journal, January 16, 1962. Report No. L-31, So thern Regional Council, 5 Forsyth Street, N. W., Atlanta 3, Georgia.

Lee, Irving J, How Do You Talk About People? Explores unique problems of semantics and communication among people. Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, New York. 25ci

Levine, Naomi. The Myths of Racial Integration. The American Jewish Congress, 15 East 84th Street, New York, New York. 500

Long, Herman H. "Race Prejudice and Social Change." The American Journal of Sociology, 57:15-19, July, 1951.

. "On Marginal Man and New Negro Identity," New South, April 1962.

Mann, John H. "The Differential Nature of Prejudice Reduction." The Journal of Social Psychology, November, 1960.

Marrow, Alfred J. "The Structure of Prejudicey- New York Herald Tribune, July 29, 1962.

MacLeish, Archibald. "Must We Hate?" The Atlantic, February 1963.

McGill, Ralph. "The South Has Many Faces," The Atlantic, April 1963.

Miller, Loren. "Farewell to Liberals: a Negro View," The Nation, October 20, 1962.

Montagu, Ashley. What We Know About Race. 1958. Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 515 Madison Avenue, New Cork 22, New York. 40 pp. (A summary of the most recent anthropological knowledge).

Morsel1, John A, "Black Nationalism," Journal of Intergroup Relations, Winter 1961-62.

Myrdal, Gunnar. "The Negro Problem: A Prognosis," The New Republic, July 9, 1962,

Nader, Ralph. "American Indians: People Without a Future." Harvard Law Record, National Congress of American Indians, 13 46 Connecticut Avenue, Washington 6, D. C, (reprint) 1956,

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. 20 West 40th Street New York 18, New York.

Lewis, Alfred Baker. "Fifty Years of the NAACP," reprinted from the New Leader, June 29, 1959.

NAACP 50th Annual Convention Resolutions, July 1E-J.9, 1959. New York, New York. 42

Orvington, Mary White. How the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Beyan (as originally printed in 1914). NAACP, 20 West 40th Street, New York 18, New York, 1960.

Weaver, Robert C. "The NAACP Today," The Journal of Negro Education, Fall, 1960.

Noar, Gertrude, (ed.) Puerto Rico Since Columbus. Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Department of Labor, Migration Division.

Our Image Abroad. Proceedings of the 1962 Valparaiso University Institute on Human Relations, July 27-29. Published by the Lutheran Human Relations Association of America, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana.

Pratt, Wayne T. "Toward a Better understanding of the Indian American," The Journal of Intergroup Relations, Autumn 1962.

Prejudice in Children: A Conversation with Dr. Spock, Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, New York.

"Problems of the Negro Writer," Saturday Review, April 20, 1963. Langston Hughes, 'The Bread and Butter Side;' LeRoi Jones, 'The Myth of Negro Literature;' and John A. Williams, 'The Literary Ghetto.' s: Puerto Rico and the Puerto Ricans, by Herbert Sternau. 1958. Council of Spanish Organizations, 88 Columbus Avenue, New York 23, New York, and the America Jewish Committee, 165 East 56th Street, New York 22, New York. (Basic facts of Puerto Rico's history and the migration of Puerto Ricans to s the U. S.).

Rabb, Earl and Lipset, Seymour M. Prejudice and Society. Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, New York. 350

Race Relations and the Catholic Press. Available from the National Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice, 21 West Superior, Chicago 10 Illinois Sr Race Relations in the South -- 1962: A Tuskegee Institute Report. (Forty-ninth Annual Report to the American People on Developments in Race Relations, by the Department of Records and Research — Mrs. Jessie P. Guzman, Director.) Tuskegee Institute, Alabama, February 1963. TB "RACIAL EQUALITY: The Time is Now." Social Action, January, 1961 Galen R. Weaver, Guest Editor.

Resource Handbook in Human Relations. The Council on Human Relations, 281 T^ The Arcade, Cleveland 14, Ohio. Recommended for programming in schools, colleges, churches, synagogues, clubs and civic groups.

Resource Unit on Prejudice and Discrimination. Designed e specially for high school teachers. Included content for study, suggested reference nT materials, films and teaching-learning activities. Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, New York. 43

Rose, Arnold M. "The Study of the Influence of the Mass Media on Public Opinion, reprinted from the International Review for Social Sciences, Vol. XV, 1962 and distributed by the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, New York.

Sanchez, George I. "The American of Mexican Descent," The Chicago Jewish Forum. Winter 1961-62.

Schneider, Louis. "Race, Reason and Rubbish Again," Phylon, Summer 1962. A demolition of Carleton Putnam's Race and Reason: A Yankee View.

Science Looks at Anti-Semitism. 1960. American Jewish Committee, 165 East 56th Street, New York 22, New York. A summary of the findings of research on prejudice against jews, in popular language.

Shary, Dore, The Stereotype. Published by The Tufts Civic Education Center (Tufts University, Medford 55, Massachusetts) in co-operation with the Massachusetts Committee, Catholic, Protestants and Jews, and the American Jewish Committee,

Shotwell, Louisa Rossiter. This Is the Indian American, Friendship Press, (Photographs and text that help readers to a better understanding of the Indian American) 475 Riverside Drive, New York 27, New York.

Shuster, Alvin and Franklin, Ben A, "How a Race Riot Happened," - Terror at a ball game alerted the Nation's capital to an explosive situation. ;» The Saturday Evening Post, May 4, 1963,

Siawson, John, The Realities of Jewish Integration, The American Jewish Committee, Institute of Human Relations, 165 East 56th Street, New York 22, New York,

„ The Role of Science in Intergroup Relations, Institute of Human Relations, The American Jewish Committee, 165 £-ast 56 Street, New York 22, New York. is Smith, Lillian. "Integration - What You Can Do About It." Reprinted from Datebook, June 1961 (Young world Press, Inc.) Copies of this reprint can be secured from Community Relations Service, Institute of Human Relations, 165 East 56 Street, New York 22, New York.

Tauber, irene. "The American Negro at Mid-Century," Population Buiie tin. The Population Reference Bulletin, Inc., 1507 M. Street, N. W,, Washing­ ton, D, C. (November, 1958 issue).

The High Cost of Conflicts A Roundup of Opinion from the Southern Business Community on the Economic Consequences of School Closings and Violence Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, New York.

"The Jew in American History," The Commonweal, September 28, 1962. This issue of this Catholic Journal is "intended to bring some badly wanted light to present and future Jewish-Christian dialogues." Copies available from Community Relations Service, Institute of Human Relations, 165 East 56 Street, New York 22, New York. 44

The Spirit They Live In. The American Friends Service Committee, April, 195o. A report of problems confronting American Indians, their fellow-citizens and their government.

"The Voice of the American Indian: Declaration of Indian Purpose," American Indian Conference, The University Of Chicago, June 13-=0, 1961, Sol Tax, co-ordinator,

Trippett, Frank. "What Price Tag for 'Massive Resistance'," St, Petersburg Times, issues of July 24 and 31, 1960, Reprinted by the Southern Regional Council, 5 Forsyth Street, Atlanta 3, Georgia, as Report No. L-19, October 14, 1960.

UNESCO Booklets. New York: Columbia University, International Documents Service, 2960 Broadway.

Comas, John. Racial Myths. Dunn, L, G. Race and Bjoipgy^ 1951. Klineberg, Otto, Race and Psychology, 1951, Leiris, Michel, Race and Culture, 1951. Little, Kenneth. Race and Society, 1951. Rose, Arnold M. and Rose, Caroline B. Roots of Prejudice, 1961. The UNESCO Courier, October, 1960. "Racism."

U. S. Commission on Civil Rights, Freedom to Be Frees 1863-1963, Century of Emancipation. (History of the progress of the Negro over the past 100 years.) Government Printing Office, 1963.

Vander Zanden, James W. "The Southern White Resistance Movement in Integration, (unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 1958), A detailed account and anaylsis of the southern resistance movement after the Supreme Court rulings of 1954 and 1955.

„ "Turmoil in the S0uth," The Journal of Negro Education, Fall, 1960.

Wax, Rosalie H, and Thomas, Robert K, "American Indians and White People," Phylon Fourth Quarter (winter) 1961,

Weaver, Galen R. "Indian Americans," Social Action, January, 1955,

Wesley, Clarence. "Real Indian Issues," Congressional Record, June 26, 1956,

Wilkins, Roy, "Jewish-Negro Relations: An Evaluation," American Judaism (Union of American Hebrew Congregations) Spring 1963.

Yinger, J. Milton and Simpson, George E, "The Integration of Americans of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Oriental Descent," The Annals, March, 1956.

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VISUAL AIDS

Films and Film Strips (35mm)

"A Time to Build Up." (with 33 l/3 rpm record) Color Free * "Bernadette of East Harlem" (for children) " SI "Builders for Brotherhood" " 1 "Crossroad at Cedarmont" (Friendship press; script by Mel Alpern) " 1 "It Happens Every Day" (Friendship press; script by Rowena Ferguson, drawings by Claire Randall (for young people) " 1 "Let Us Break Bread Together" (with 33 l/3 rpm record) " Free "Of A New Day Begun" (with 78 rpm record) 1 "Our World of Happy Differences" (Friendship Press; drawings by Warren Johnson, script by Mae Hurley Ashworth in collaboration with Hazel V. Orton " 1 "Peter Flying Eagle" (for children) 1 "Rebirth in Roxbury" (with 78 rpm record) Free

(The above Visual Aids available from Missions Council of the Congregational Christian Churches. "Contact State Conferences office first for starred items. Evangelical and Reformed Churches contact the Visual Aids Department, 1505 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania," for Friendship Press films or information.)

"A City Decides," 16mm - 2l\ minutes. Rental price $7.50 per booking. Contemporary Films, 13 East 37th Street, New York 16, New York. (Theme is the integration of the public schools of St. Louis, revolving around a teacher who was directly faced with a "racial incident" in his class shortly after integration took place. Suggests no course of action but does suggest that the answers to the problem of integration can be found. "There is no sugar coating and the real problems are stated and the actual incidents photographed and analyzed."

"A Morning for Jimmy." 16mm - 28 minutes. Available for free loan, users pay postage. Association Films, Broad at Elm, Ridgefield, New Jersey. A documentary film centering about a young Negro boy who encounters racial discrimination when looking for a part-time job, but does learn a lesson of hope for the future.

"All the Way Home." Film Division American Jewish Committee, 165 E. 56th Street, New York 22, New York.

"Anti-Semitism in America." Anti Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, New York. 25 minutes. 16mm.

A study in depth of prejudice and discrimination, defining and illustrating the process of selective perception by which people tend to see what they want to see and have been taught to see.

"Bestowing American Freedom." (Produced by and available from American Religious Town Hall Meeting, Inc., 1615 Scheffer Avenue, St. Paul 16, Minn.) One showina, $5. 46

"Burden of Truth." (67 minutes feature film). Available without charge through Mr. Francis C. Shane, United Steelworkers of America, Committee on Civil I Rights, 1500 Commonwealth Building, Pittsburgh 22, Pennsylvania. "Shows the violent reaction of white neighbors to entry of a young Negro I family, the arguments of a real estate salesman against selling to the Negro family in any but a Negro neighborhood, and the friendship of a whit college classmate who helps the young Negro couple. It also portrays suspicion and antagonism toward integration from some Negroes who feel a 'separate but equal' society is best."

"Challenge to America: The Role of Education in Intergroup Relations." Anti- Defamation Leaoue of B'nai B'rith, 515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, New York. 25 minutes. 16mm.

"Crisis in Levittown." (filmed on spot while residents...were reacting strongly to the entry of first Negro family into their community). Interviews... provide provocative study of the range of individual feelings at the height of the tensions. (Running commentary by Dr. Dan Dodson of the Center for Human Relations at New York University.) For rental see local film library. Dynamic Films, 112 W. 89th Street, New York 24, New York.

"Face of the South." -- 16mm sound motion picture in color, 29 minutes. Rental $10. Available from Contemporary Films, 13 East 38th Street, New York, New York.

"House Across the Street." --35 mm sound film strip produced by the Commission on Human Relations of the City of Philadelphia -- approximately 21 minutes. Complete purchase price $20. Order from Magnetic Recorder anc Reproducer Corp., 1533-35 Cherry Street, Philadelphia 2, Pennsylvania.

Depicts, tensions and problems created in a changing neighborhood situation. Suggests practical means of alleviating these tensions and problems in a case involving the moving of a Negro family into a formerly all-white neighborhood.

Property Values and Race. -- a 26 minute film produced by the San Francisco Council of Civic Unity available for rent at $10 with 20 written summaries. It describes Luigi Laurenti's five-year study of 10,000 homes in 39 neighborhoods. Available from the Council -- 437 Market Street, San Francisco, California.

"Segregation and the South," -- sound motion picture -- 1 hour -- rental fee $15. Order from Contemporary Films, 13 East 37th Street, New York 16, New York.

Documentary film study of progress and reaction since the Supreme Court ordered integration of the nation's schools - traces effects of Court's •v ; 1954 school ruling and subsequent integration orders in other fields through the sometimes peaceful desegregation in "fringe" communities, the rise of White Citizens' Councils and the reborn Ku Klux Klan, the Montgomery, Alabama bus boycott, violence and martial law in Clinton, Tennessee and the current stirrings toward interracial co-operation in even Deep South areas. 47

The Chosen People. Available at a minimal service of $2 from the Anti- Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 41 Exchange Place, S. E., Atlanta 3, Georgia, or 515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, New York.

A 16mm sound picture, broadcast over the NBC network October (1961) lit as part of a series entitled "Prejudice USA," in this instance prejudice against Jews.

"The Good Neighbor." Filmstrip -- 90 frames. Purchase price $25, with 50 discussion guides and free programming kit. Dynamic Films, 105 Park Avenue, New York 22, New York. Rental, single showing $15.

A business man, learning of housing discrimination against an employee, does something about it -- showing community leadership can act to make integration an orderly, democratic process.

The President's Committee on Government Contracts, Washington 25, D. C.; available on loan or rental.

"Commencement," a twenty minute film concerning a business executive's evaluation of his firm's personnel policy and shows the first step toivard a new policy which will put meaning into his agreement not to discriminate against any employee or prospective employee because of race, color, or national origin.

"The New Girl," (Spring 1959 release). The story of a young Negro secretary who is the first clerical worker of her race in the office of a small industry with a Government contract.

"The Supreme Court," (35 mm filmstrip), a reading commentary (script) back­ ground material for the discussion leader and material and bibliography for members of the discussion group. Price $3. Order from the New York Times, Times Square, New York 36, New York.

"To Live Tooether," (An experiment in democracy) 16mm sound -- 32 minutes. Available from Anti-Defamation League B'rith, 515 Madison Avenue, New York. (released in 1951)

The story of an experimental interracial camp conducted by two Chicago community centers....examines the race problem through the eyes of a group of children.

Films for Hu'oan Relations. The American Jewish Committee, Institute of Human Relations, 165 Ea~t 56th Street, New York 22, New York. Selected annotated listing of more than 200 16mm films for educational use.

Walk in My Shoes -- an hour-long attempt to view life from the vantage points of some American Negro groups. Requests for print purchase of loan should be directed to American Broadcasting Company, 7 West 66th Street, New York 23, New York. Mention Bell & Howell " .alk in My Shoes." 48

Film Lectures

Enitaoh for Jim Crow -- A new and significant series of illustrated film- mill* -lii. • i im -^ lectures on the history of the Negro American and the dynamics of intergroup relations in the United States. The series makes extensive use of the vast resources of the Department of Social Relations, Harvard University....Dr. Thomas Pettigrew, of the Harvard faculty, is writer and host of these searching studies. The series was produced by the staff of WGBH-TV, Boston's outstanding educational television station. ...Dr. Pettigrew examines the historical, sociological, psychological and political forces which shape intergroup relations in the United States. Patterns of prejudice and discrimination against minority groups are closely analyzed. For information regarding rental or purchase, write The Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, New York. "Tale of Two Ladies." Emphasizes the history of Negro protest against racial discrimination. The earliest legal tests of the 'separate but equal' system of segregation are visually documented.

"Face to Face." The problem of bringing croups together in mutual understanding and trust is here explored. Recent polls and research have demonstrated that prejudice and discrimination do not always go together nor are they always directed at the same objects.

"14th Generation Americans." Reviews the whole history of Negroes in America, the Negro's role in government since the Reconstruction Days as well as his many and various contributions to every aspect of American life.

"The Newest New Negro." An examination of the new direct-action form which Negro protest is taking today — the significance of sit-ins and freedom rides and the major changes in the status of the Negro American in recent years are considered. Examples of Negro educational and economic improvement and future possibilities for advancement are discussed with guest Whitney Young, Executive Director of the National Urban League.

"Conformity and the Crutch." Leading social psychologists hold that the source of bigotry is often a neurotic need on the part of the bigot to disguise his own feelings of inadequacy. Here, Dr. Pettigrew describes some of the most common personality distortions.

Point of View -- A series of films on intergroup relations, narrated by leading educators...of special interest for commercial and university television stations, teacher-training programs, psychology and sociology students, in-service teacher education, community groups. Also distributed by the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith.

"Anti-Semitism in America." Dr. Melvin M. Tumin, professor of anthro­ pology and sociology at Princeton University, discusses the mutually contradictory stereotypes (e.g., Jews are too clannish — but they are always trying to mix in, etc.) persisting in the prejudiced mind, traces the psychology of anti-Semitism as well as 49

its history, manifestations and remedies -- a study in depth of prejudice and discrimination. Running time: 25 min. 16mm.

"Challenge to America -- The Role of Education in Intergroup Relations." Professor William Van Til, Chairman of the Department of Secondary Education at New York University, discusses the tremendous challenge which America faces to foster good human relations among people of varied religious, racial and nationality backgrounds. He illustrates ways and means of dealing with the challenge and traces some four decades of prejudice and discrimination in America; outlines nine promising approaches to building better human relations; and graphically illustrates the need to apply them.

*** 50

REGULAR ISSUES OF MAGAZINES, NEWSLETTERS AND BULLETINS

ADL Bulletin, published by the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, New York. Bulletin of the Commission on Human Relations, published by the Commission on Human Relations, Commercial Trust Building, Philadelphia 2, Pennsylvania. Christian Century, published by The Foundation, 407 South Dearborn Street, Chicago 5, Illinois. Civil Rights Bulletin, published by the Connecticut State Commission on Civil Rights, 500 Capitol Avenue, Hartford, Connecticut. CLSA Reports, published by the Commission on Law and Social Action of the American Jewish Congress, 15 East 84th Street, New York, New York.

Commentary, published by the American Jewish Committee, 165 East 56th Street, New York 22, New York. Community, published by Friendship House (an organization of Catholic Laymen and Women dedicated to working for love of God on the elimination of racial prejudice and discrimination) 4233 South Indiana Avenue, Chicago 15, Illinois. Congress Weekly, published by the American Jewish Congress, 15 East 84th Street, New York 28, New York. Crisis, published by the Crisis Publishing Company, 20 West 40th Street, New York, New York. Division Review, published by the Division Against Discrimination of the New Jersey State Department of Education, 1100 Raymond Boulevard, Newark, New Jersey.

Indian Affairs, News Letter of the American Indian Fund and the Association of American Indian Affairs, 43 East 86th Street, New York 28, New York. Interracial News Service, A digest of Trends and Developments in Human Relations published by the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA Department of Racial and Cultural Relations, 475 Riverside Drive, New York 27, New York. $2 for 2 years.

Journal of Intergroup Relations, issued quarterly by the National Association of Intergroup Relations Officials, 2027 Massachusetts Avenue, N. W., Washington, D. C.

• Jry&ti&iT'of Negro Education ,~~A quarterly review of problems incident to the education of Negroes, published by the Howard University Press, Howard University, Washington, D. C.

Journal of Social Issues, published by the Association Press for the Society for the psychological study of social issues, 291 Broadway, New York 7, New York. 51

New South, Timely information and analysis of southern problems and progress, published by the Southern Regional Council, 5 Forsyth Street, N. W., Atlanta 3, Georgia.

News Letter, published by the Catholic Interracial Council of Chicago, 21 West Superior Street, Chicago 10, Illinois.

Presbyterian Outlook, published by the Outlook Publishers, 1 North Sixth Street, Richmond 19, Virginia.

Annual Reports, Publications of the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity, Washington 25, D. C.

Phylon, A quarterly review of race and culture, published by Atlanta University, Atlanta 3, Georgia.

Race Relations Law Reporter, An impartial presentation of basic materials -- court cases, legislation, orders, regulations -- published by the Vanderbilt University School of Law, Nashville 5, Tennessee.

Religion and Labor, published monthly except January, July and August by The Religion and Labor Foundation, 3494 High Street, Columbus 1, Ohio. $1.50 per year.

Rights, A periodic report published by the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith, 515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, New York.

Social Action, published by the Council for Christian Social Action of the United Church of Christ, (which continues the work of the Council for Social Action of the Congregational Christian Churches and the Commission on Christian Social Action of the Evangelical and Reformed Church) 289 Park Avenue, South, New York 10, New York.

Social Progress, published by the Board of Christian Education of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, 830 Witherspoon Building, Philadelphia 7, Pennsylvania.

Southern Patriot, published by the Southern Conference Educational Fund, 822 Perdido Street, New Orleans 12, Louisiana.

Southern School News, desegregation information published by the Southern Education Reporting Service, P. 0. Box 6156, Acklen Station, Nashville 5, Tennessee.

The American Indian, published by the Association of American Indian Affairs, 48 East 86th Street, New York 28, New York.

Trends in Housing, published by the National Committee Against Discrimination in Housing, 426 West 58th Street, New York 9, New York.

UAW Fact Sheet, published by the Fair Practices and Anti-Discrimination Department, United Automobile Workers, AFL-CIO, 8000 East Jefferson Street, Detroit 14, Michigan.

United Church Herald, published by the joint Publication Committee of the United Church of Christ (Congregational Christian Churches and the Evangelical and Reformed Church) 297 Park Avenue, South, New York 10, New York or 1720 Chouteau Avenue, St. Louis 3, Missouri. 52 _,

Resource Organizations (National and Regional)

American Baptist Convention Council on Christian Social Progress, 152 Madison Avenue, New York 16, New York. American Baptist Home Mission Societies, Department of Christian Friendliness, 475 Riverside Drive, New York 27, New York. American Civil Liberties Union, 156- 5th Avenue, New York 10, New York.

American Council on Education, 1785 Massachusetts Avenue, Washington, D. C. American Friends Service Committee, 160 North 15th Street, Philadelphia 2, Pennsylvania.

American Jewish Committee, 165 East 56th Street, New York 22, New York. American Jewish Congress, 15 East 84th Street, New York 28, New York.

Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith,515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, New York,

Association of American Indian Affairs, 475 Riverside Drive, New York 27, New York Board of Social Missions, The United Lutheran Church in America, 231 Madison Avenue, New York, New York.

Boy Scouts of America, New Brunswick, New -Jersey.

Brethren Service Commission, 1451 Dundee Avenue, Elgin, Illinois. Catholic Committee of the South, 512 Ebenezer Avenue, Rock Hill, South Carolina. Catholic Interracial Council, 21 West Superior Street, Chicago, Illinois. Christian Life Commission, Southern Baptist Convention, 460 James Robertson Parkway, Nashville, Tennessee. Commission on Civil Rights, Washington 25, D. C.

Commission on Christian Social Action, Evangelical and Reformed Church, 2969 West 25th Street, Cleveland 13, Ohio.

Community Relations Service, 165 East 56th Street, New York 22, New York. Congress of Racial Equality (CORo), 38 Park Row, New York 38, New York. Council for Christian Social Action, United Church of Christ, 289 Park Avenue, South, New York 10, New York.

Department of Social Education and Action, The United Presbyterian Church USA, 830 Witherspoon Building, Philadelphia 7, Pennsylvania. Encampment for Citizenship, West 64th Street, New York 23, New York.

Fellowship of Reconciliation, Box 271, Nyack, New York. 53

Friendship Press, 475 Riverside Drive, New York 27, New York. Housing and Home Finance Agency, Washington 25, D. C, Indian Rights Association, 1505 Race Street, Philadelphia 2, Pennsylvania, Institute for American Democracy, 515 Madison Avenue, New York 22, New York, Institute of Human Relations, 165 East 56th Street, New York 22, New York.

International Union of Electrical Workers Civil Rights Committee, 1126-16th Street, Washington 6, D. C.

Jewish Labor Committee, Afran Center for Jewish Culture, 25 East 78th Street, New York 21, New York. Migration Division, Department of Labor, Commonwealth of Puerto Kico, 322 West 45th Street, New York 36, New York.

NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, 10 Columbus Circle, New York 19, New York. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 20 West 40th Street, New York 18, New York.

National Association of Intergroup Relations Officials (NAIRO) 2027 Massa­ chusetts Avenue, N. W,, Washington 6, D. C.

National Board -- YWCA, 600 Lexington Avenue, New York 22, New York. National Civil Liberties Clearing House, 1637 Massachusetts Avenue, Washington 6, D. C.

National Committee Against Discrimination in Housing, 426 West 58th Street, New York 19, New York, National Community Relations Advisory Council, 9 &ast 38th Street, New York 16, New York.

National Conference of Christians and Jews, 43 West 57th Street, New York 19, New York.

National Congress of American Indians, DuPont Circle Building, Washington 6, D.C.

National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA (Department of Racial and Cultural Relations), 475 Riverside Drive, New York 27, New York.

National Student Council - YMCA, 291 Broadway, New York 7, New York. National Urban League, 14 East 48th Street, New York 17, New York.

Phelps-Stokes Fund, 101 Park Avenue, New York 17, New York.

President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunities, Washington 25, D. C. 54

Protestant Episcopal Church, Department of Christian Social Relations, 281 Fourth Avenue, New York 16, New York.

Race Relations Department of the American Missionary Association Division, United Church Board of Homeland Ministries, Fisk University, Nashville 5, Tennessee.

Religion and Labor Council of America, 3498 North High Street, Columbus, Ohio.

Southern Christian Leadership Conference, 41 Exchange Place, South East, Atlanta 3, Georgia.

Southern Conference Educational Fund, 822 Perdido Street, New Orleans 12, Louisiana.

Southern Education Reporting Service, P. 0. Box 6165, Acklen Station, Nashville 5, Tennessee.

Southern Regional Council, 5 Forsyth Street, North West, Atlanta 3, Georgia.

The Episcopal Society for Cultural and Racial Unity, 5 Forsyth Street, N. W, Room 200, Atlanta 3, Georgia.

The Student Nonviolent Co-ordinating Committee, 197_r Auburn Avenue, North East, Atlanta 3, Georgia.

Trade Union Program on Civil Liberties and lights, 1244 - 19th Street, North West, Washington, D. C.

Unitarial Cervice Committee, 9 Park Street, Boston 8, Massachusetts.

United Christian Missionary Society of the Disciples of Christ, 22 South Downey Avenue, Indianapolis 7, Indiana.

United Church Women, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York 10, New York.

United Lutheran Church of America, 231 Madison Avenue, New York 16, New York.

United Rubber Workers, Fair Practices Department, High at Mill Street, Akron, Ohio,

United Steelworkers, Committee on Civil Rights, 1500 Commonwealth Building^ Pittsburgh 22, Pennsylvania.

Young Men's Christian Association, National Student Council, 291 Broadway, New York 7, New York.

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