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Notes on the flora of Madagascar, 22-25 Martin W. Callmander, Peter B. Phillipson & Laurent Gautier (ed.)

Abstract Résumé CALLMANDER, M. W., P. B. PHILLIPSON & L. GAUTIER (ed.) (2012). CALLMANDER, M. W., P. B. PHILLIPSON & L. GAUTIER (ed.) (2012). Notes on the flora of Madagascar, 22-25. Candollea 67: 137-151. In French Notes sur la flore de Madagascar, 22-25. Candollea 67: 137-151. En français and English, English and French abstracts. et anglais, résumés anglais et français. Ongoing research on Madagascar’s flora is revealing numerous Les recherches en cours sur la flore de Madagascar révèlent taxonomic novelties and nomenclatural inconsistencies, and de nombreuses nouveautés taxonomiques, des problèmes de providing new data on species distribution. This is the fourth nomenclature et de nouvelles données sur la distribution des set of notes in a series that aims to provide the botanical com- espèces. Cette publication est la quatrième d’une série de notes munity working on the flora of Madagascar an opportunity to destinées à donner à la communauté botanique internationale publish short communications on these topics, and comprises travaillant sur Madagascar la possibilité de publier de courtes four notes. contributions traitant de ces aspects et comprend quatre notes. – Note 22. Description of the fruit of Tabernaemontana capuronii – Note 22. Description du fruit de Tabernaemontana capuronii Leeuwenb. (Apocynaceae), 40 ans après la découverte de Leeuwenb. (Apocynaceae), 40 years after the discovery of this l’espèce, par Lucile Allorge & Adolphe Lehavana. Description species, by Lucile Allorge & Adolphe Lehavana. The fruit of an du fruit, jusqu’ici inconnu, d’une Apocynaceae (Tabernaemon- Apocynaceae (Tabernaemontaneae), Tabernaemontana capuronii taneae), Tabernaemontana capuronii Leeuwenb. (décrite sous Leeuwenb. (described as Capuronetta elegans Markgr. in 1972) Capuronetta elegans Markgr. en 1972). L’intérêt scientifique is described for the first time. The fruit is of scientific interest de ce fruit est important en raison de la position systématique because of the contested systematic position of this species. contestée de l’espèce. – Note 23. Notes on the genus Ochna L. (Ochnaceae) in Mada- – Note 23. Notes sur le genre Ochna L. (Ochnaceae) à Mada- gascar, by Martin W. Callmander & Peter B. Phillipson. Four gascar, par Martin W. Callmander & Peter B. Phillipson. Quatre Ochnaceae species originally described in the genera Diporid- espèces d’Ochnaceae décrites dans les genres Diporidium Tiegh., ium Tiegh., Discladium Tiegh. and Polythecium Tiegh. are for- Discladium Tiegh. et Polythecium Tiegh. sont formellement mally transferred to the genus Ochna, following currently transférées dans Ochna, en accord avec les délimitations géné- accepted generic delimitation in the family. The necessary com- riques qui prévalent actuellement dans la famille. Les nouvelles binations Ochna baronii (Tiegh.) Callm. & Phillipson, Ochna combinaisons nécessaires Ochna baronii (Tiegh.) Callm. & louvelii (H. Perrier) Callm. & Phillipson and Ochna thouvenotii Phillipson, Ochna louvelii (H. Perrier) Callm. & Phillipson (H. Perrier) Callm. & Phillipson are provided. A new name is et Ochna thouvenotii (H. Perrier) Callm. & Phillipson sont required for Polythecium macranthum Tiegh.: Ochna sambi- proposées. Un nouveau nom est nécessaire pour Polythecium ranensis Callm. & Phil lipson. macranthum Tiegh.: Ochna sambiranensis Callm. & Phillipson.

Addresses of the editors: MWC: Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri, 63166-0299, U.S.A. and Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, ch. de l’Impératrice 1, case postale 60, 1292 Chambésy. Switzerland. E-mail: [email protected] PBP: Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri, 63166-0299, U.S.A. and Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Département Systématique et Evolution, UMR 7205, OSEB, case postale 39, rue Cuvier 57, 75231 Paris, cedex 05, France. E-mail: [email protected] LG: Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève and Université de Genève, Laboratoire de botanique systématique et biodiversité, ch. de l’Impératrice 1, case postale 60, 1292 Chambésy. Switzerland. E-mail: [email protected]

Online SSN: 2235-3658 Candollea 67(1): 137-151 (2012) © CONSERVATOIRE ET JARDIN BOTANIQUES DE GENÈVE 2012 MEP Notes 22-25 Mada Candollea 67-1_. 16.07.12 08:53 Page138

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– Note 24. Peltophorum dasyrhachis (Miq.) Kurz: a new – Note 24. Peltophorum dasyrhachis (Miq.) Kurz: une nouvelle record of a Southeast Asian species of Fabaceae (Caesalpin- occurence d’une espèce asiatique de Fabaceae (Caesalpinioi- ioideae) naturalized in northwestern Madagascar, by Zachary deae) naturalisée dans le nortd-ouest de Madagascar, par S. Rogers and Mats Thulin. Two recent Fabaceae collections Zachary S. Rogers et Mats Thulin. Deux collections récentes from northwestern Madagascar document the presence of de Fabaceae du nord-ouest de Madagascar permettent de docu- Peltophorum dasyrhachis (Miq.) Kurz in the country. This dis- menter la présence de Peltophorum dasyrhachis (Miq.) Kurz covery signals a new naturalized species of Caesalpinioideae dans le pays. Cette découverte signale une nouvelle espèce for Madagascar and adds another genus to the island’s highly naturalisée de Caesalpinioideae de Madagascar et ajoute un diverse flora. The orthography and authorship of the name is autre genre à la flore très diversifiée de l’île. L’orthographe et discussed and a lectotype is designated. les auteurs du nom sont discutés et un lectotype est désigné. – Note 25. Mimusops coriacea (A. DC.) Miq. (Sapotaceae): – Note 25. Mimusops coriacea (A. DC.) Miq. (Sapotaceae): nomenclature, distribution and ecology, by Laurent Gautier, nomenclature, distribution et écologie, par Laurent Gautier, Louis Nusbaumer, Rhéa Garrat, Richard Randrianaivo & Peter Louis Nusbaumer, Rhéa Garrat, Richard Randrianaivo & Peter B. Phillipson. Mimusops coriacea (A. DC.) Miq., a useful B. Phillipson. Mimusops coriacea (A. DC. ) Miq., une espèce species of the littoral forests of the humid coasts of Madagascar utile des forêts littorales des côtes humides de Madagascar est is still often erroneously refered to as Mimusops commersonii encore souvent appelée par erreur Mimusops commersonii (Engl.) G. Don. The authors confirm the nomenclature of this (Engl.) G. Don. Les auteurs confirment la nomenclature useful species. They present a distribution map, analyze it, and de cette espèce utile, proposent une carte de sa répartition et discuss its phenology and conservation status. l’analysent; ils discutent de sa phénologie et de son statut de conservation. Key-words APOCYNACEAE – OCHNACEAE – FABACEAE – SAPOTA - CEAE – Tabernaemontanae – Caesalpinioideae – Capuronetta – Pandaca –Tabernaemontana – Diporidium – Discladium – Polythecium – Ochna – Peltophorum – Mimusops – Madaga - scar – Southeast Asia – Mauritius – Nomenclature – Taxonomy – IUCN Red List MEP Notes 22-25 Mada Candollea 67-1_. 16.07.12 08:53 Page139

22. ALLORGE, Lucile & Adolphe LEHAVANA: Description du fruit de Tabernaemontana capuronii Leeuwenb. (Apocynaceae), 40 ans après la découverte de l’espèce

Introduction Des analyses chimiques menées sur cette espèce ont débouché sur la description de la molécule Capuronane (K) En 1972, F. Markgraf décrivit un genre nouveau Capuronetta (CHARDON-LORIAUX & HUSSON, 1975). Cette molécule a Markgr. ne comprenant qu’une espèce C. elegans Markgr., de depuis été retrouvée dans cinq espèces appartenant ancien- Madagascar. Ni dans la description du genre et celle de l’espèce, nement au genre Pandaca Thouars (LIM, 2008), comprises ARKGRAF parues dans M (1972), ni dans la «Flore de Madagascar actuellement dans Tabernaemontana sensu LEEUWENBERG et des Comores, Apocynaceae» (MARKGRAF, 1976), le fruit (1991). n’était connu; ce nouveau genre ne reposait que sur les caractères Dans une précédente publication (ALLORGE, 1985), nous de la fleur: l’illustration qui accompagne le texte de la «Flore» avons étudié l’ornementation du tégument séminal au M.E.B. montre bien la façon dont les lobes très longs sont enroulés en de 18 espèces et montré l’intérêt taxonomique de ce spirale dans le sens contraire des aiguilles d’une montre (sinis- caractère. Nous y avons décrit cinq types d’ornementation: trorse), descendant dans le tube jusqu’au niveau des apex des 1. avec nodules; 2. avec mailles; 3. avec des alvéoles; étamines, caractère inhabituel chez les Tabernaemontanoideae. 4. plissé-ridé et 5. à circonvolution plissées-ridées. La décou- Markgraf avait distingué le genre Capuronetta des autres genres verte d’un fruit mûr de T. capuronii nous permettrait donc malgaches, entre autres choses, du fait de cette longue spirale de voir à quel type se rapporte le tégument de la graine et formée par les lobes dans le tube de la corolle. d’en tirer des conclusions taxonomiques. Nous avons également fait des coupes longitudinales Jusqu’à récemment, T. capuronii n’était connu que par six et transversales, d’un bouton de Capuronetta elegans fixé échantillons récoltés dans la forêt d’Analalava, près de Foul- dans le FAA, sur la récolte Debray 1969, qui ont confirmé pointe dans la Province de Toamasina. Nous avons depuis iden- l’enroulement des lobes profondément dans le tube (ALLORGE tifié une récolte supplémentaire de l’espèce également récoltée & COUDERC, 1983: 232, tab. 4). à Analalava (Lehavana & al. 34). Cette récolte comporte cinq En 1983, Leeuwenberg a placé cette espèce dans le genre méricarpes de fruits à plusieurs stades de développement. Un Tabernaemontana L. (sensu lato) utilisant un concept générique seul était ouvert par la fente de déhiscence, donc mûr. Nous pantropical très large (KISAKUREK & al., 1983). Comme l’épithète sommes retournés à trois reprises dans la forêt d’Analalava, elegans était déjà utilisé dans le genre Tabernaemontana par une du 29 janvier 2009 au 2 mai 2010, pour essayer de retrouver espèce africaine, il a créé le nouveau nom T. capuronii Leeuwenb. la plante à l’état fertile afin de récolter des échantillons sup- Huit ans plus tard, dans sa révision des Tabernaemontana de l’an- plémentaires: sans succès, l’arbuste était stérile. Nous avons cien monde, LEEUWENBERG (1991) maintient cette espèce. Dans néanmoins fait une récolte (Aubriot, Allorge & Lehavana 174), l’illustration qui accompagne le texte, ainsi que dans le texte lui- assortie d’un prélèvement de feuille en vue d’une analyse même, il est curieux de remarquer qu’il n’est pas fait mention moléculaire ultérieure. des lobes enroulés dans le tube de la corolle et que les lobes sont représentés comme valvaires (LEEUWENBERG, 1991: 79, tab. 20). A ce stade, le fruit de l’espèce n’était toujours pas connu.

Adresses des auteurs: LA: Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Département Systématique et Evolution, UMR 7138 SAE, case postale 39, rue Cuvier 57, 75231 Paris, cedex 05, France. E-mail: [email protected] AL: Missouri Botanical Garden, Research and Conservation Program, BP 3391, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar. MEP Notes 22-25 Mada Candollea 67-1_. 16.07.12 08:53 Page140

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Fig. 1. – Tabernaemontana capuronii Leeuwenb. A. Fruit; B. Coupe transversale du fruit. [Photo: A. Lehavana]

Description du fruit Les fruits secs comportent un ou deux méricarpes, longs de 3.3-3.5 ϫ 2.5 cm plus ou moins globuleux (globuleux s’il n’y a qu’un seul méricarpe, triangulaires s’il y en a deux), un peu récurvés, à deux lignes latérales et à petit apex pointu de moins de 1 mm. Les graines, noires, ont un testa de type plissé- ridé. Elles sont entourées d’un arille blanc translucide (Fig. 1). La couleur de cet arille est très rare parmi les espèces de Taber- naemontaneae de Madagascar, où il est généralement soit jaune, soit orange (comme chez Voacanga thouarsii Roem. & Schult.), soit rouge. Seule l’espèce Tabernaemontana retusa (Lam.) Palacky (= Pandaca retusa (Lam.) Markgr.) possède également un arille blanc translucide (Fig. 2).

Conclusions taxonomiques Par la forme et la consistance du fruit, par le testa plissé- ridé et surtout par la présence de la molécule Capuronane (K), la position systématique de cette espèce la rapproche de celles autrefois comprises dans le genre Pandaca. Au cas où il s’avè- rerait judicieux de revenir à une conception plus étroite des genres dans ce groupe, cette espèce serait vraisemblablement Fig. 2. – Fruit de Tabernaemontana retusa (Lam.) Palacky. à classer dans ce genre, endémique de Madagascar. [Photo: J.-J. Andriamanalintsoa] MEP Notes 22-25 Mada Candollea 67-1_. 16.07.12 08:53 Page141

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Conservation Références

Avec des zones d’occurrence (EOO) et d’occupation ALLORGE, L. (1985). Contribution à l’étude des graines des Apocy- (AOO) de < 10 km2, et une seule sous-population connue uni- naceae Tabernaemontanoideae: origine de l’arille et ornementation quement de la zone protégée d’Analalava, T. capuronii est pro- du tégument séminal. Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia visoirement considérée comme «En Danger» [EN C2a(ii); D] 7: 433-451. selon les Catégories et Critères de la Liste Rouge de l’UICN ALLORGE, L. & H. COURDEC (1983). La syncarpie chez Tabernanthe (2001) (calculé selon CALLMANDER & al., 2007). L’espèce n’est et sa particularité dans la sous-famille des Tabernaemontanoi- pas commune à Analalava, et une étude rapide menée en 2004 deae (Apocynaceae). Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., B, Adansonia a indiqué que la population est limitée aux substrats latéritiques 2: 223-236. (qui ont une superficie d’environ 100 ha dans la réserve) où CALLMANDER, M. W., G. E. SCHATZ, P. P. LOWRY II, M. O. LAIVAO, elle comprend 28 individus/ha en moyenne, dont à peu près J. RAHARIMAMPIONONA, S. ANDRIAMBOLOLONERA, T. RAMINOSOA & T. CONSIGLIO (2007). Application of IUCN Red List criteria 2% étaient mâtures (critère indispensable pour l’évaluation and assessment of Priority Areas for Plant Conservation in Mada- UICN). Cette information suggère que la population entière gascar: rare and threatened Pandanaceae indicate new sites in doit comprendre moins de 250 individus mâtures dans need of protection. Oryx 41: 168-176. une même sous-population, ce qui permettrait de considérer CHARDON-LORIAUX, I. & H.-Ph. HUSSON (1975). Alcaloïdes mono- l’espèce comme «En Danger Critique» [CR C2a(ii)], mais nous mères et dimères dérivés de la (-) cleavamine isolés de Capuronetta estimons que l’étude n’était pas assez rigoureuse. Un nouveau elegans (Apocynacées). Tetrahedron Lett. 16: 1845-1848. recensement de l’espèce devrait être établi en urgence. KISAKUREK, M. V., A. J. M. LEEUWENBERG & M. HESSE (1983). La forêt littorale d’Analalava a un statut de réserve temporaire A chemotaxonomic investigation of the plant families of Apocy- sous tutelle du Missouri Botanical Garden depuis 2004. La forêt naceae, Loganiaceae, and Rubiaceae by their indole alkaloid a une superficie de 225 ha, elle est située au sud de l’embouchure content. In: PELLETIER, S. W. (ed.), Alkaloids: chemical and bio- du fleuve Onive, près de la ville de Foulpointe, à environ 6 km logical perspectives 1: 211-376. John Wiley and Sons. de la mer. Elle représente une des dernières parcelles intactes de LEEUWENBERG, A. J. M. (1991). A revision of Tabernaemontana 1. forêt littorale de la Côte Est, une zone qui a été fortement affecté The Old World species. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. par la population humaine pendant des nombreuses décennies. LIM, K. H. (2008). Biologically active indole and bisindole alkaloids Autour de la forêt de Analalava, la végétation naturelle est from Kopsia and Tabernaemontana. PhD Thesis. Department of fortement dégradée, et contient principalement des espèces pion- Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. nières ou secondaires, et peu d’espèces de forêt primaire. Ce statut MARKGRAF, F. (1972). Capuronetta, genre nouveau d’Apocynacées devrait permettre la préservation de cette espèce endémique, qui malgaches. Adansonia ser. 2, 12: 61-64. donne peu de fleurs et peu de fruits, et n’est connue que de cette MARKGRAF, F. (1976). Apocynacées. In: HUMBERT, H. (ed.), Fl. Mada- seule localité à Madagascar. gascar Comores 169. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Spécimens étudiés. – MADAGASCAR. Prov. Toamasina: Reg. Analanjirofo: UICN (2001). Catégories et Critères de l’UICN pour la Liste Rouge Analalava, 17°42’19”S 49°27’19”E, 2.V.2010, st., Aubriot, Allorge & Lehavana (version 3.1). Commission de la sauvegarde des espèces de 174 (P, TAN); idem, 22.VI.1973, fl., Debray 1969 (WAG); idem, [17°41’S l’UICN. UICN, Gland & Cambridge. 49°27’E], 5.VII.1952, st., Debray 1808 (P, TAN); idem, 3.XII.1985, Leeuwenberg 13765 (BR, MO, P, TAN, WAG); idem, 17°42’19”S 49°27’29”E, 131 m, 21.IV. 2004, fl., Lehavana 79 (MO, TAN); idem, 17°42’16”S 49°27’29”E, 543 m, fr., 17.III.2005, Lehavana & al. 348 (MO, P, TAN); idem, [17°41’S 49°27’E], s.d., fl., Service Forestier 7059 (P); idem, [17°41’S 49°27’E], 10.III.1965, fl., Service Forestier 24059 (TEF). Nom vernaculaire; usage. – Voantsokina. Emploi du latex contre la cataracte. (Aubriot & al. 174); Antafana (Lehavana & al. 348).

Remerciements Nous remercions Chris Birkinshaw, Martin Callmander et Pete Phillipson (Missouri Botanical Garden) de leur aide. MEP Notes 22-25 Mada Candollea 67-1_. 16.07.12 08:53 Page142

23. CALLMANDER Martin W. & Peter B. PHILLIPSON: Notes on the genus Ochna L. (Ochnaceae) in Madagascar

Introduction We have completed a review of the genus Ochna and its segregates in the context of the Catalogue of Vascular Plants The pantropical genus Ochna L. (Ochnaceae) comprises of Madagascar Project (MADAGASCAR CATALOGUE, 2012), and c. 80 species of trees and shrubs from Africa and Asia (VERD- concur with accepted opinion on its delimitation. We have th COURT, 2005). In the early 20 Century, VAN TIEGHEM (1902a, adopted a broad concept of Ochna, with Diporidium, Discla- 1902b, 1902c, 1903, 1907) worked on a global taxonomic dium, Ochnella and Polythecium treated as synonyms of revision of the family Ochnaceae in which he split the family Ochna, a point of view already established for Madagascar by into a total of 57 genera, describing 46 as new. VAN TIEGHEM SCHATZ (2001), and we have published new combinations for (1902b) split the genus Ochna into 15 segregate genera based the Malagasy species of Pleuroridgea in Blackenridgea, in an on the dehiscence of the stamens (longitudinal or poricidal), earlier note in this series (CALLMANDER & al., 2010). The pur- the morphology of the embryo (iso- or heterocotyledonous), pose of the present note is to formally transfer four Malagasy and number of carpels. Five of Van Tieghem’s Ochna segre- species to Ochna that do not already have valid names in this gates are present in Madagascar: Diporidium Tiegh., Discla- genus. All are endemic to Madagascar and were originally dium Tiegh., Ochnella Tiegh., Pleuroridgea Tiegh. and Poly- described in either Diporidium, Discladium or Polythecium. thecium Tiegh., while he considered Ochna sensu stricto to Three simply require new combinations, and one requires a be absent. Van Tieghem also employed very narrow species new name. Further revisionary work on the Ochna of Mada- concepts and described many new species in the family. gascar is underway, and will lead to the publication of a com- When PERRIER DE LA BATHIE (1941) revised the Ochnaceae plete revision. It will include the description of many new for Madagascar, and later published the treatment for the Flore species and threat analyses for all Malagasy species including de Madagascar et des Comores (PERRIER DE LA BATHIE, 1951), those presented here. Preliminary lists of specimens and dis- he generally followed Van Tieghem’s generic concepts, although tribution maps for all published species, including those treated he did not recognise Polythecium. He included 17 of Van in this article are available in the «Catalogue of Vascular Plants Tieghem’s 18 Malagasy species of Polythecium in Diporidium, of Madagascar» (MADAGASCAR CATALOGUE, 2012). while Polythecium madagascariense (DC.) Tiegh. was trans- ferred to Ochnella. Polythecium was regarded by VAN TIEGHEM himself (1902b) as very close to Diporidium, differing only in Nomenclature having 6-10 (v. 5) carpels. However, authors of recent regional Ochna baronii (Tiegh.) Callm. & Phillipson, comb. nova revisions and floras for other geographic regions have generally ϵ Diporidium baronii Tiegh. in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser. not followed Van Tieghem’s narrow generic concepts, i.e. for 8, 16: 359. 1902. South Tropical Africa (ROBSON, 1962), Southern Africa (DU TOIT & OBERMEYER, 1976), East Africa (VERDCOURT, 2005) and Typus: MADAGASCAR: Chiefly North-West, received for the Indo-Pacific region (KANIS, 1968). In these treatments, IX.1887, fl., Baron 5457 (holo-: P [P00730643]!; iso-: K!). the Ochna segregates have mostly been reunited and some of Observations. – This species is known from rocky habitats Van Tieghem’s new species have been reduced to synonymy. and forest patches in the Isalo and Makay Massifs in the south- An exception is the genus Pleuroridgea Tiegh., which has been west, through the dry forests of the, west and north-west on reduced to synonymy under Brackenridgea A. Gray. sand and limestones as far north as the Boina region. The label

Addresses of the authors: MWC: Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri, 63166-0299, U.S.A. and Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève, ch. de l’Impératrice 1, case postale 60, 1292 Chambésy, Genève. Switzerland. E-mail: [email protected] PBP: Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri, 63166-0299, U.S.A. and Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Département Systématique et Evolution, UMR 7205 OSEB, case postale 39, rue Cuvier 57, 75231 Paris, cedex 05, France. MEP Notes 22-25 Mada Candollea 67-1_. 16.07.12 08:53 Page143

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of the type specimen (Baron 5457), lacks a precise collecting escarpment. This species differs from O. polycarpa Baker, locality, but, based on information from Baron’s notes is which occurs in the same region but extends southwards believed to have been collected in the vicinity of the «Androna on the highlands to near Fianarantsoa, by its lax inflorescence Province» which is taken to be the Androna Plateau (Bas (vs. contracted in O. polycarpa) with c. 10-20 minute flowers Plateau d’Androna) some 50 km south of the town of Antsosihy, with sepals > 5 mm (vs. 1-5 larger flowers with sepals 8- in Sofia Region of Mahajanga Province (WAHLERT, pers. comm.). 10 mm), and from O. thouvenotii by its smaller leaves (1-2 ϫ Ochna baronii differs from O. pervilleana Baill. by its shorter 0.8-1.5 cm vs. 3-4.5 cm ϫ 1-2.5 cm) and its many-flowered leaves (ca. 3 cm long instead of ca. 5-8 in O. pervilleana) and its inflorescences (10-20 vs. 1-5 flowers). solitary flowers (inflorescences always with 2 or more flowers in O. pervilleana). Ochna sambiranensis Callm. & Phillipson, nom. nov. ϵ Polythecium macranthum Tiegh. in Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Ochna louvelii (H. Perrier) Callm. & Phillipson, comb. nova ser 8, 16: 370. 1902. ϵ Diporidium louvelii H. Perrier in Not. Syst. (Paris) 10: Typus: MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antsiranana: Nosy Be, 35. 1941. meeresstrand, VII.1879, fl., Hildebrandt 3192 (holo-: P Typus: MADAGASCAR. Prov. Toamasina: Centre Est, [P00568727]!; iso-: G [G00353496]!, P [P00568728, P005 Analamazaotra, s.d., Louvel 25 (holo-: P [P00048443]!). 68729]!). Observations. – Ochna louvelii seems to be a narrow Observations. – This species was first described as Poly- endemic known only from a couple of collections from the thecium macranthum Tiegh., based on a single collection humid montane forests around Moramanga on the eastern (Hildebrandt 3192) from Nosy Be. The species was placed in

Fig. 1. – Living plant of Ochna sambiranensis Callm. & Phillipson at Kalabenono corresponding to Callmander & al. 703. [Photo: M. W. Callmander] MEP Notes 22-25 Mada Candollea 67-1_. 16.07.12 08:53 Page144

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synonymy by PERRIER DE LA BATHIE (1941), along with seven Acknowledgements other species of Polythecium described by Van Tieghem, under a very broadly-circumscribed Diporidium ciliatum (Lam.) We are grateful to Greg Wahlert for sharing his knowledge Kuntze (= Ochna ciliata Lam.). We have found a number of on the Richard Baron’s collecting itinerary. Financial support additional collections also from lowland forests in the Sambi- was provided by grants from the U.S. National Science Foun- rano region of NW Madagascar that are an excellent match for dation (0743355) and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. the type collection, mostly modern collections that were not available to Perrier de la Bâthie. The specimens all possess a References distinct suite of characters, and we believe they represent a CALLMANDER, M. W., S. BUERKI & P. B. PHILLIPSON (2010). The genus well-marked species that should now be recognised in the Brackenridgea A. Gray (Ochnaceae) in Madagascar. Candollea genus Ochna. A new combination in Ochna based on the exist- 65: 374-375. ing epithet is not possible, because this name already exists for DU TOIT, P. C. V. & A. A. OBERMEYER (1976). Ochnaceae. In: ROSS, a different species (O. macrantha Baker, also from Madagas- J. H. (ed.), Fl. Southern Africa 22. Government Printer, Pretoria. car). We therefore propose the new name O. sambiranensis for KANIS, A. (1968). A revision of the Ochnaceae of Indo-Pacific area. this species. VAN TIEGHEM (1902b: 370) noted the following Blumea 16: 1-82. diagnostic characters for the species: its relatively large leaves with their conspicuously ciliate margins and mucronate apices MADAGASCAR CATALOGUE (2012). Catalogue of the vascular plants and its large flowers in a few-flowered raceme with a highly- of Madagascar [http://www.efloras.org/madagascar]. contracted axis, resembling an umbel (Fig. 1). In addition we PERRIERDELA BÂTHIE, H. (1941). Révision des Ochnacées de la add that O. sambiranensis can be distinguished from O. ciliata région malgache. Notul. Syst. (Paris) 10: 333-369. to which it is probably most closely related, by its coriaceous, PERRIER DE LA BÂTHIE, H. (1951). Ochnacées. In: HUMBERT, H. (ed.), narrowly elliptic to lanceolate leaves, with a rather obscure Fl. Madagascar Comores 133. Muséum national d’Histoire tertiary venation (vs. membranous, obovate to oblanceolate naturelle, Paris. leaves, with conspicuous tertiary venation); with its flowers ROBSON, N. (1962). New and little known species from the Flora borne on much longer pedicels (usually > 20 mm long), often Zambesiaca area. Bol. Soc. Brot. ser. 2, 36: 1-39. developing before the leaves (vs. shorter pedicels and with SCHATZ, G. E. (2001). Generic Tree Flora of Madagascar. Royal flowers concurrent with the leaves). Botanic Gardens, Kew & Misso uri Botanical Garden, St. Louis. Etymology. – The species epithet refers to the Sambirano VAN TIEGHEM, PH. (1902a). Subdivision du genre Ochne et constitution biogeographic region to which Ochna sambiranensis appears actuelle de la tribu des Ochnées. J. Bot. (Morot) 4: 113-128. to be restricted. VAN TIEGHEM, PH. (1902b). Sur les Ochnacées. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser. 8, 16: 161-416. VAN TIEGHEM, PH. (1902c). L’embryon des Ochnacées et son emploi Ochna thouvenotii (H. Perrier) Callm. & Phillipson, comb. dans la définition des genres. Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. 8: 208-218. nova VAN TIEGHEM, PH. (1903). Nouvelles observations sur les Ochnacées. ϵ Discladium thouvenotii H. Perrier in Not. Syst. (Paris) Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser. 8, 18: 37-60. 10: 26. 1941. VAN TIEGHEM, PH. (1907). Supplément aux Ochnacées. Ann. Sci. Nat. Typus: MADAGASCAR: Analamazaotra, s.d., Thouvenot 66 Bot. ser. 9, 20: 171-192. (holo-: P [P00391402]!; iso-: K!, P [P00391403]!). VERDCOURT, B. (2005). Ochnaceae. In: BEENTJE, H. J. & S. A. GHAZ- Observations. – Ochna thouvenotii appears to be confined ANFAR (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Afr. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. to the eastern escarpment around Moramanga and to near Foul- pointe on the East Coast. Differences between this species and O. louvelii which also occurs around Moramanga are described above under the latter species. Ochna thouvenotii differs from O. polycarpa, which is also found on the eastern escarpment, by its larger leaves (3-4.5 cm ϫ 1-2.5 cm vs. 1.5-3 cm ϫ 0.7- 1.5 cm) and flowers with sepals at anthesis > 1.5 cm in length (vs. ca. 1 cm in O. polycarpa). MEP Notes 22-25 Mada Candollea 67-1_. 16.07.12 08:53 Page145

24. ROGERS, S. Zachary & Mats THULIN: Peltophorum dasyrhachis (Miq.) Kurz: a new record of a Southeast Asian species of Fabaceae (Caesalpinioideae) naturalized in northwestern Madagascar

Introduction Nomenclatural notes. – The authorship of Peltophorum dasyrhachis has been cited incorrectly in the literature (most Peltophorum (Vogel) Benth. (Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae) often as “(Miq.) Baker” or “(Miq.) Kurz ex Baker”, even in is a woody genus of 5–7 species distributed in tropical and recently published treatments (e.g. RUDD, 1991; DEZHAO & al., EWIS subtropical regions of the Old and New World (L , 2005). 2010). The error stems from authors overlooking KURZ (1876) Some of the species are widely cultivated as shade trees and as the first person to validly transfer the basionym Caesalpinia for their attractive long pendant inflorescences composed dasyrhachis Miq. to Peltophorum, and consequently recogniz- of fragrant yellow flowers (HOU, 1996; LEWIS, 2005). Pelto - ing a superfluous combination published by BAKER (1878). phorum dasyrhachis (Miq.) Kurz is native to Southeast Asia Kurz’s article was issued on 14 November 1876, whereas (type from Sumatra) and has been reported for adjacent areas Baker’s treatment was not published until July 1878. Baker’s in the region (e.g., Borneo, Java, Peninsular Malaysia, Laos, publication further confused the situation by modifying the Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam; LARSEN & al., 1980; HOU, original orthography of the epithet and acknowledging Kurz 1996). The species has been introduced in the tropics (RUDD, via the citation “P. dasyrachis, Kurz MSS.” Miquel’s original 1991) and become naturalized in a few African countries (e.g., spelling should be retained as stipulated in Art. 60.1 of the Tanzania, Uganda; BRENAN, 1967). Two herbarium collections ICBN (MCNEILL & al., 2006). made in northwestern Madagascar in 2005 and 2006 mark the Typification. – In the protologue the provenance of the first records of P. dasyrhachis for the country. Previously, DU species was given as “Sumatra orient. in prov. Lampong, prope PUY & al. (2002) reported a total of 667 Malagasy species of Mengala, Kebang (T.)”. LARSEN & al. (1980) and later HOU Fabaceae including 94 introduced or naturalized species and (1996) cited an unnumbered Teijsmann duplicate from Sumatra a total of 100 species (native and naturalized) belonging to at L as the holotype and a K sheet as an isotype, but unique iden- Caesalpinioideae. tifiers (e.g., accession number, specific locality) for the types Two varieties of Peltophorum dasyrhachis are generally were not provided in either publication. We have examined two recognized: the widespread autonymic variety, to which the unnumbered Teijsmann sheets at L [L0019200, L0019201] with Malagasy material belongs, and P. dasyrhachis var. tonkinense red “Type” stickers. Both were annotated by Ding Hou in 1993 (Pierre) K. Larsen & S. S. Larsen, a variety that some authors as Peltophorum dasyrhachis, but the precise type status (e.g., (e.g. DEZHAO & al., 2010) have treated as a distinct species holotype, isotype, syntype) was not indicated on either sheet. restricted to Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam and China. Sheet [L0019201] bears a handwritten label including the general locality “Lampongs” and a “Herbarium Dr. J. K. Hasskarl” stamp, whereas [L0019200] has a typewritten label noting Peltophorum dasyrhachis (Miq.) Kurz in J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, “Sumatra” and “Ex Herbario Miquel”. None of the annotations Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 45: 128. 1876. on either L sheet belong to Miquel. Conversely, we have exam- ϵ Caesalpinia dasyrhachis Miq. in Fl. Ned. Ind., Eerste ined two numbered Teijsmann collections from Sumatra at Bijv. 2: 292. 1861. ϵ Brasilettia dasyrhachis (Miq.) U that were originally part of Miquel’s private herbarium (Tei- Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 164. 1891. jsmann 4322HB [U0003298]; Teijsmann 4547HB [U0003297]). Lectotypus (designated here): INDONESIA. Sumatra: Mangala, Both of the collections were annotated by Miquel as Caesalpinia Lampongs, s.d., fl., Teijsmann 4547HB (U [U0003297]!). dasyrhachis. The original handwritten label of [U0003298] was

Addresses of the authors: ZR: Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri, 63166-0299, U.S.A. Email: [email protected] MT: Department of Systematic Biology, EBC, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden. MEP Notes 22-25 Mada Candollea 67-1_. 16.07.12 08:53 Page146

146 – Candollea 67, 2012

annotated as “Kebang, Lampongs”, whereas the label of Peltophorum dasyrhachis (Miq.) Kurz var. dasyrhachis [U0003297] was annotated as “Mangala, Lampongs.” The labels Distribution and ecology in Madagascar. – Peltophorum and plants of the two Teijsmann collections at U match the infor- dasyrhachis var. dasyrhachis occurs in the DIANA Region mation given in the protologue, suggesting that at least two dif- of Antsiranana Province and has been found growing in two ferent collections (i.e., syntypes) were used for the protologue habitats: on a sandy beach near sea level along the edge of description. The U sheets are treated as syntypes and the two L degraded gallery forest on Nosy Be, and in secondary riparian sheets may represent duplicates of the U collections, or could forest among rocks and boulders at ca. 40 m elevation in the even be additional syntype material. No effectively published Sambirano Basin. One 20 m tall tree with flowers and old fruits lectotypification statements have been found for Caesalpinia was seen at the Nosy Be locality. A male long-billed green dasyrhachis. Teijsmann 4547HB [U0003297] includes flowers sunbird (Nectarinia notata Müller, 1776) was observed visiting and is in good condition and is designated here as lectotype. The the fragrant yellow flowers around 10 am (Fig. 1). The tree other syntype is in fruit. from Sambirano was smaller (ca. 4 m tall) and the abundance at this site was not recorded on the herbarium label. Additional photographs of Rogers & al. 1177 taken in the field are avail- able on TROPICOS (2012).

Fig. 1. – Peltophorum dasyrhachis (Miq.) Kurz var. dasyrhachis, with a male long-billed green sunbird (Nectarinia notata Müller, 1776) visiting the fragrant yellow flowers (Rogers & al. 1177). [Photo: C. Davidson] MEP Notes 22-25 Mada Candollea 67-1_. 16.07.12 08:53 Page147

Notes on the flora of Madagascar, 22-25 – 147

Specimens examined. – MADAGASCAR. Prov. Antsiranana, DIANA References Region: Nosy Be, southeast corner of island in Lokobe Forest, ca. 1 m, 13°24’47’’S 48°20’08’’E, 15.XI.2006, Rogers, Ranaivojaona, Davidson & BAKER, J. G. (1878). Peltophorum. In: HOOKER, J. D. (ed.), Fl. Brit. Christoph 1177 (G!, K!, MO [MO6347606]!, P!, TAN!, UPS!); Ambanja, Com- India 2: 257. L. Reeve & Co., London. mune Rurale Benavony, Bassin Sambirano, Vallée Ramena, Fokontany Ambo - BRENAN, J. P. M. (1967). Leguminosae (subfamily Caesalpinioideae). baka, Cascade d’Antsahabe, 40 m, 13°44’28’’S 48°31’22’’E, 28.II.2005, Wohlhauser, Ravokatra, Buerki & Callmander 779 (G, K, MO [MO4848817]!, In: MILNE-REDHEAD, E. & R. M. POLHILL (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Afr.: P [P00524303]!, TEF). 1-230. DEZHAO, C., Z. DIANXIANG & D. HOU (2010). Peltophorum. In: FLORA OF CHINA EDITORIAL COMMITTEE (ed.), Fl. China 10: 39-40. Acknowledgements Science Press, Beijing; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. ZR thanks Dr. Christopher Davidson and Sharon Christoph DU PUY, D. J., J.-N. LABAT, R. RABEVOHITRA, J.-F. VILLIERS, J. BOSSER (Botanical Research Institute of Idaho) for their generous & J. MOAT (2002). The Leguminosae of Madagascar. Royal and continued support for the Madagascar Research Program Botanic Gardens, Kew. at the Missouri Botanical Garden, and for providing live HOU, D. (1996). Peltophorum. In: FLORA MALESIANA EDITORIAL COM- photographs of Peltophorum dasyrhachis. The authors thank MITTEE (ed.), Fl. Males., Ser. 1, Spermat. 12: 650-654. CIP, Den Nicolien Sol and Dr. Erik Smets at Nationaal Herbarium Haag. Nederland–Leiden University Branch (L) for providing digital KURZ, S. (1876). A sketch of the vegetation of the Nicobar Islands. photographs of Miquel’s type material deposited at L and U. J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 45: 105–164. Dr. Frits Adema (L) kindly provided helpful suggestions LARSEN, K., S. S. LARSEN & J. E. VIDAL (1980). Peltophorum. In: regarding typification. AUBRÉVILLE, A. & J.-F. LEROY (ed.), Fl. Cambodge Laos Vietnam 18: 59-64. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. LEWIS, G. P. (2005). Caesalpinieae. In: LEWIS, G., B. SCHRIRE, B. MACKINDER & M. LOCK (ed.), Legumes of the World: 127-161. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. MCNEILL, J., F. R. BARRIE, H. M. BURDET, V. DEMOULIN, D. L. HAWKSWORTH, K. MARHOLD, D. H. NICOLSON, J. PRADO, P. C. SILVA, J. E. SKOG, J. H. WIERSEMA & N. J. TURLAND (ed.) (2006). International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Vienna Code). Regnum Veg. 146. RUDD, V. E. (1991). Peltophorum. In: DASSANAYAKE, M. D. (ed.), Rev. Handb. Fl. Ceylon 7: 56–59. Amerind, New Delhi. TROPICOS (2012). Tropicos database [http://www.tropicos.org/]. Missouri Botanical Garden [accessed 18 Apr. 2012]. MEP Notes 22-25 Mada Candollea 67-1_. 16.07.12 08:53 Page148

25. GAUTIER Laurent, Louis NUSBAUMER, Rhéa GARRATT, Richard RANDRIANAIVO & Peter B. PHILLIPSON Mimusops coriacea (A. DC.) Miq. (Sapotaceae): nomenclature, distribution and ecology

Introduction Nomenclature Mimusops coriacea (A. DC.) Miq. is a tree well-known for Mimusops coriacea (A. DC.) Miq. in Mart. Fl. Bras. 7: 44. its edible fruits (Fig. 1A) that are sometimes sold on local mar- ϵ Imbricaria coriacea A. DC. in Prodr. 8: 200. 1844. kets in eastern Madagascar. It is also the only Mimusops L. Typus: “Hab. in sylvis insulae Madagascar. Cult. in species native to Madagascar whose fruits are not single- Mauritius”, received 1839, fl., Bojer s.n. (lecto-: G-DC seeded, although it has a typical Mimusops flower (Fig. 1B), [G00 142023]!) (lectotype implicitly designated by FRIED- with two alternate cycles of 4 sepals, a corolla with a short tube MANN, 1981). “Mimusops hexandra”, received 1839, fl., L. and 8 lobes each having two lateral appendages, all of them Bouton s.n. (syn-: G-DC [G00142033]!); “4157 Mimusops profoundly divided, 8 staminodes, 8 stamens. imbricaria Willd. UBL[?] e Mauritio; Comp. angl. des In ENGLER’s monograph (1904) of African Sapotaceae, the Indes 1831”, fl., anon. s.n. (syn-: G-DC [G00142032]!); species is referred as Mimusops commersonii (G. Don) Engler “Mimusops elengi, Fl. Maurit. II”, s.d., fl., Sieber 329 (syn-: (ϵ Imbricaria commersonii G. Don). The description and G-DC [G00142034]!). the illustration he provided, as well as all the Madagascar spec- – Mimusops commersonii auct. non (G. Don) Engl.: Engler, imens he cited, are all clearly Mimusops coriacea, a name he Mon. Afr. Pflanzenf. 8: 77. 1904 (for Madagascar collections); cited in synonymy. However, as correctly pointed out by FRIED- Aubréville, Adansonia ser. 2, 4: 380. 1964; Humbert, Fl. MAN (1981), Imbricaria commersonii is based on Mimusops Madagascar Comores 164: 44. 1974. imbricaria Willd. which is a later synonym of Imbricaria maxima Poir. (ϵ Mimusops maxima (Poir.) R. E. Vaughan), and Observations. – The Imbricaria coriacea folder of the G- represents a different species, native to the Mascarenes and never DC herbarium contains four specimens. The only one which recorded from Madagascar. This misapplication has been unfor- gives a vague indication of locality is a specimen of Bojer tunately perpetuated in subsequent treatments, notably in cultivated in Mauritius and believed to have originated from AUBRÉVILLE’s treatment (1974) of Sapotaceae for the Flore de material collected in Madagascar. The date on the label is not Madagascar et des Comores. The name Mimusops commersonii to be considered as a collection date, it is very probably the is still widespread on herbarium labels and in popular books. year of accession in G-DC. There is little doubt that all 3 other specimens were collected form cultivated plants in Mauritius In this note we confirm the circumscription of M. coriacea, or in Asia, but their original pro venance is not indicated. The and its lectotypification, and provide information regarding its Bojer collection was cited as the “holotype” by FRIEDMANN distribution and ecology. (1981), and although this is technically not the case, this should be considered to be an effective lectotypification according to art. 7.11 of ICBN (MCNEILL & al., 2006).

Addresses of the authors: LG, LN, RG: Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève and Laboratoire de Sytématique Végétale et Biodiversité de l’Université de Genève; case postale 60, 1292 Chambésy, Genève. Switzerland. E-mail: [email protected] RR: Missouri Botanical Garden, Madagascar Research and Conservation Program, B.P. 3391, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar. PBP: Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri, 63166-0299, U.S.A. and Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Département Systématique et Evolution, UMR 7205 OSEB, case postale 39, rue Cuvier 57, 75231 Paris, cedex 05, France. MEP Notes 22-25 Mada Candollea 67-1_. 16.07.12 08:53 Page149

Notes on the flora of Madagascar, 22-25 – 149

Fig. 1. – Mimusops coriacea (A. DC.) Miq. A. In fruit near Masoala, Eastern Madagascar; B. Flower in Orangea, Antsiranana. [Photo: A: L. Gautier; B: R. Randrianaivo] MEP Notes 22-25 Mada Candollea 67-1_. 16.07.12 08:53 Page150

150 – Candollea 67, 2012

Ecology Mimusops coriacea is typically reported to grow on sands as a common component of coastal forests. Out of 47 collec- tions that could be georeferenced with < 30 m incertainity, the average dista nce to the sea was 1.3 km, with less than 5% of collections made more than 3.6 km from the sea (maximal value 11 km). Accordingly, based on data obtained from the available specimen labels it is always found at low altitude (avg.: 17 m; 5% above 32 m, max value 134 m). With respect to humidity, it appears to be present in all coastal areas with high rainfall and a poorly marked dry season. It seems to be absent from the west coast south of the Sambirano, that expe- riences a drier climate with a pronounced dry season, but it is found along the coast in the extreme north of the island - an area that also has a low annual rainfall. It is hypothetized that its presence in this area could be related to the shorter duration of the dry season compared with the main part of the west coast south of the Sambira no (CORNET, 1974).

Phenology For the 91 collections for which a month of collection was available, we recorded whether specimens bore flower buds, flowers, young fruits or mature fruits (or sub-mature fruits). On a monthly basis, the number of specimens were summed (Fig. 3). Flowering occurs throughout the season with maxi- mum rainfall, from October to May. Flower buds and flower are apparently often present simultaneously. Presence of fruits is observed throughout the year, with peaks in March, June and October. Fig. 2. – Natural range of Mimusops coriacea (A. DC.) Miq. in Madagascar, plotted on HUMBERT (1955) map of phytogeographical domains (102 specimens georeferenced with < 5 km incertainity).

Distribution Although Mimusops coriacea has been cultivated widely in the tropics for centuries, it is native only to Madagascar and the Comoro Islands. It is reported as naturalized on Réunion Island. In Madagascar (Fig. 2) it is found exclusively along the east coast from Antsiranana (Diégo-Suarez) in the North down to Tolagnaro (Fort Dauphin) in the south, and on the west coast where it is restricted to the Sambirano Domain (sensu HUMBERT, 1955). In this area, it has not been recorded from the Ampasindava Peninsula, but this is probably a sampling artefact, the peninsula has been very inadequately explored.

Fig. 3. – Phenology of Mimusops coriacea (A. DC.) Miq. in Madagascar (number of specimens having flower buds, flowers, young fruits or fruits per month) MEP Notes 22-25 Mada Candollea 67-1_. 16.07.12 08:53 Page151

Notes on the flora of Madagascar, 22-25 – 151

Common names In Madagascar: Voranto, Natondriaka, Anganahara, Moro- ganamara (AUBRÉVILLE, 1974). In the Mascarenes: Pomme Jacot (FRIEDMAN, 1981).

Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Martin Callmander for assistance in calculation of EOO and AOO for the IUCN Red List conservation assessment and to the Vontobel Foundation for funding one of us (LN).

References

AUBRÉVILLE, A. (1974). Sapotacées. In: HUMBERT (ed.), Fl. Mada- gascar Comores 164. Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle. Paris. CALLMANDER, M. W., G. E. SCHATZ, P. P. LOWRY II, M. O. LAIVAO, J. RAHARIMAMPIONONA, S. ANDRIAMBOLOLONERA, T. RAMINOSOA & T. CONSIGLIO (2007). Application of IUCN Red List criteria and assessment of Priority Areas for Plant Conservation in Mada- gascar: rare and threatened Pandanaceae indicate new sites in need of protection. Oryx 42: 168–176. CORNET, A. (1974). Essai cartographique bioclimatique à Madagascar, carte à 1/2 000 000 et notice explicative N° 55. ORSTOM. Paris. ENGLER, A. (1904). Monographien afrikanischer Pflanzen-Familien und -Gattungen. Sapotaceae. 8. Wilhelm Engelmann. Leipzig. FRIEDMAN, F. (1981). Sapotacées. In: BOSSER & al. (ed), Fl. Mas- Fig. 4. – A tree of Mimusops coriacea (A. DC.) Miq. preserved in the city of Masoala, careignes 116. Eastern Madagascar. HUMBERT, H. (1955). Les territoires phytogéographiques de Mada- [Photo: L. Gautier] gascar. Année biol. ser. 3, 31: 439-448. IUCN (2001). IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria (version 3.1). IUCN Species Survival Comission. IUCN, Gland and Cambridge. Conservation status MCNEILL, J., F. R. BARRIE, H. M. BURDET, V. DEMOULIN, D. L. 2 With an extent of occurrence (EOO) of 233 137 km , an HAWKSWORTH, K. MARHOLD, D. H. NICOLSON, J. PRADO, P. C. area of occupancy (AOO) of 693 km2 and 46 subpopulations, SILVA, J. E. SKOG, J. H. WIERSEMA & N. J. TURLAND (ed.) (2006). six of them one encompassed within protected areas (Lokobe, International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Vienna Code). Orangea, Masoala, Mandena, Petriky, St. Luce), M. coriacea Regnum Veg. 146. is assigned a preliminary status of Least Concern following the “IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria” (IUCN, 2001) (calculation following CALLMANDER & al., 2007). Habitat trans- formation is only a relative threat for the species: when coastal forests are cleared by the local population, trees of Mimusops coriacea are usually preserved for their edible fruits. Even when coastal cities develop, trees are still preserved in the urban landscape (Fig. 4).