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Aspects of Te Rohe Potae Political Engagement, 1939-C.1975

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Aspects of Te Rohe Potae Political Engagement, 1939-C.1975 OFFICIAL Wai 898 #A72 Aspects of Te Rohe Potae Political Engagement, 1939-c.1975 Government provision for local self-government for Te Rohe Potae hapu and iwi A Report Commissioned by the Waitangi Tribunal for the Te Rohe Potae district inquiry (Wai 898) August 2011 Andrew Francis Jonathan Sarich RECEIVED Waitangi Tribunal 1 Sep 2011 Ministry of Justice WELLINGTON The Authors Andrew Francis holds a BA (Hons) in History and a Master’s degree in History from the University of Westminster (London). He also holds a PhD in History from Victoria University of Wellington. He joined the Waitangi Tribunal as a Research Analyst/Inquiry Facilitator in April 2009 where he has since completed the commissioned report ‘The Rohe Potae Commercial Economy in the Mid-Nineteenth Century, c.1830-1886.’ Jonathan Sarich holds a Masters of Arts in history from Victoria University of Wellington (2006). He has been employed at the Waitangi Tribunal as a Research Analyst/Inquiry Facilitator since January 2007. In this time he has completed the commissioned report ‘Te Whanau o Erana Pera Manene Ripia (Wai 973)’ for the East Coast district inquiry. He has also co-authored with Philip Cleaver the report ‘Turongo: The North Island Main Trunk Railway and the Rohe Potae’ and authored ‘An Overview of Political Engagement between Hapu and Iwi of the Te Rohe Potae inquiry district and the Crown, 1914-c.1939’ (Wai 898). Acknowledgements We would like to acknowledge a number of individuals whose help has made this report possible. Special gratitude is reserved for Fiona Small who has patiently and diligently supervised this report. Particular appreciation is also owed to Barry Rigby and James Mitchell who have read parts or all of this report and provided excellent feedback. We would also like to thank Jim O’Hallaran of the Te Kuiti and District Historical Society, and the staff at New Zealand Micrographics (Tawa) for allowing us access to original copies of the King Country Chronicle. 2 Table of Contents THE AUTHORS ................................................................................................................................................................... 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................................................................... 2 ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................................................................ 5 LIST OF IMAGES ................................................................................................................................................................. 5 LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................................................... 6 Introduction .................................................................................................... 9 WAITANGI TRIBUNAL RESEARCH COMMISSION ............................................................................................................ 9 ISSUES RAISED BY CLAIMANTS ....................................................................................................................................... 10 ISSUE COVERAGE ............................................................................................................................................................. 10 CHAPTER STRUCTURE AND SOURCES ........................................................................................................................... 11 BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT ...................................................................................................................................... 13 Chapter One: The Maori War Effort Organisation (MWEO), 1939-1945 ..... 16 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................... 16 ‘AWAKENING THE PEOPLE’: THE MAORI WAR EFFORT ORGANISATION SCHEME .............................................. 18 MWEO’S FINANCES ........................................................................................................................................................ 24 THE MWEO IN OPERATION ......................................................................................................................................... 25 THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HOME GUARD IN TE ROHE POTAE .......................................................................... 26 WELLINGTON CONFERENCE, JULY 1942 ..................................................................................................................... 30 STRUCTURE OF THE RECRUITING OFFICER ZONES AND TRIBAL COMMITTEES AND EXECUTIVES ................... 34 CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE WAR EFFORT BY JANUARY 1943 ........................................................................................ 36 FURTHER CONTRIBUTIONS MADE BY THE MWEO .................................................................................................... 40 URBAN MAORI AND THE MWEO ................................................................................................................................. 44 ORGANISATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, 1942-1943 .......................................................................................................... 46 THE WINDING DOWN OF THE MWEO, 1943-1945 .................................................................................................... 48 THE MWEO’S FINAL MONTHS ...................................................................................................................................... 53 CONCLUSION ‘A WONDERFUL REAWAKENING’? ........................................................................................................ 56 Chapter Two: ‘What of the Future’: The Demise of the Maori War Effort Organisation .................................................................................................. 60 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................... 60 RATANA, LABOUR AND THE NATIVE DEPARTMENT ................................................................................................. 61 TIRIKATENE’S CAMPAIGN TO RETAIN THE MWEO ................................................................................................... 69 TIRIKATENE’S FINAL EFFORTS FOR REFORM ............................................................................................................... 78 TE ARAWA’S DEPUTATION TO FRASER ........................................................................................................................ 80 THE ‘MAORI SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC RECONSTRUCTION ACT’ ............................................................................. 82 THE MAORI SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC ADVANCEMENT ACT 1945 (MSEA) ........................................................... 86 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................................................................... 92 Chapter Three: The Maori Social and Economic Advancement Act 1945 in the Te Rohe Potae ......................................................................................... 97 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................... 97 SLOW BEGINNINGS: ONGOING DISCUSSION REGARDING THE PURPOSE AND STRUCTURE OF THE MAORI WELFARE DIVISION ........................................................................................................................................................ 98 ESTABLISHMENT OF MSEA BODIES AND BOUNDARIES IN THE TE ROHE POTAE INQUIRY DISTRICT ............. 109 The Maniapoto Tribal Executive ........................................................................................................................... 110 Opposition in the Waikato and the formation of the Kawhia and Waipa Tribal Districts ........................... 113 Taumarunui Tribal Executive ................................................................................................................................ 118 THE MSEA SYSTEM IN OPERATION IN THE TE ROHE POTAE INQUIRY DISTRICT, 1949-1962.......................... 119 Political engagement regarding issues relevant to the district ............................................................................ 120 Bylaws ........................................................................................................................................................................ 125 Welfare or ‘social and economic advancement’ ................................................................................................... 125 3 Subsidies for marae and community development ............................................................................................. 131 Wardens and liquor .................................................................................................................................................. 136 THE ESTABLISHMENT AND OPERATION OF THE MAORI WOMEN’S WELFARE LEAGUE IN THE TE ROHE POTAE INQUIRY DISTRICT, 1949-1962 ......................................................................................................................
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