(Continued from page 23) ISSN 1023-8174 LITERATURE OF INTEREST TO crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from ASTACOLOGISTS North Carolina. Proceedings of the Bio- logical Society of Washington, 114: 152- Bubb, D. H., Thom, T. J. & Lucas, M. C. 161. (2004). Movement and dispersal of the inva- Cooper, J.E. (2000).Cambarus (Cambarus) sive signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus Vol.26 No.4 December 2004 in upland rivers. Freshwater Biology, 49: 357- davidi, a new species of crayfish The official newsletter of the International Association of Astacology (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from North 368. Carolina. Proceedings of the Biological Parkyn, S. M.& Collier, K. J. (2004). Interaction Society of Washington, 113: 431-442. of press and pulse disturbance on crayfish Tasmanian Giant Freshwater Lobster populations: flood impacts in pasture and Cooper, J. E. (2000). A new species of forest streams, Hydrobiologia, 527: 113-124. crayfish of the genus Cambarus, subge- Kawai, T., Mitamura, T. & Ohtaka, A. (2004). (Astacopsis gouldi) Recovery Effort Update nus Cambarus (Decapoda: Cambaridae), The taxonomic status of the introduced North from the Broad River basin of North American signal crayfish, Pacifastacus Carolina. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell leniusculus (Dana, 1852) in Japan, and the Scientific Society, 116: 1-12. source of specimens in the newly reported Cooper, J. E. & Cooper, D. G. (2003). A population in Fukushima prefecture. new crayfish of the genus Cambarus Crustaceana, 77: 861-870. Erichson, 1846 (Decapoda: Cambaridae) Trontel, J. P., Machino, Y. & Sket, B. (2004). Phylogenetic and phylogeographic relation- from the Cape Fear River basin in the ships in the crayfish genus Austropotamobius Sandhills of North Carolina. Proceed- inferred from mitochondrial COI gene se- ings of the Biological Society of Wash- quences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolu- ington, 116: 920-932. tion, 34: 212-226. Cooper, J. E. & Schofield, K. A. (2002). Cambarus (Jugicambarus) tuckasegee, a RECOMMENDED PAPER: new species of crayfish (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the Little Tennessee Edgerton, B. F., Henttonen, P., Jussila, J., River basin, North Carolina. Proceed- Mannonen, A., Paasonen, P., Taugbol, T., ings of the Biological Society of Wash- Edsman, L. & Souty-Grosset, C. (2004). ington, 115: 371-381. Understanding the causes of disease in Cooper, J. E. & Skelton, C. E. (2003). A European freshwater crayfish. Conserva- new burrowing crayfish of the genus tion Biology, 18: 1466–1474. Cambarus Erichson, 1846 (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from the lower Flint River Abstract: in the Dougherty Plain of Georgia, with Native European freshwater crayfish IAA Member Todd Walsh holding a very nice Astacopsis gouldi. notes on C. (D.) harti Hobbs, 1981. Pro- (Astacida, Decapoda) are under severe ceedings of the Biological Society of pressure from habitat alteration, the intro- Hi Crayfish people: will happen under a new scheme called Washington, 116: 827-838. duction of nonindigenous species, and epi- Protected Environmental Values; areas zootic disease. Crayfish plague, an acute There has been some movement to with a high biodiversity significance will In addition, the following unpublished disease of freshwater crayfish caused by the widen buffer zones for Astacopsis gouldi; be given higher protection under this reports are available electronically in fungus-like agent Aphanomyces astaci, was we are hoping to have 30m buffer zones on scheme. It is hoped that many areas which response to e-mail requests: introduced into Europe in the mid- all stream classes (at present the smallest were recommended for higher protection 1. A report on adventive crayfishes in nineteenth century and is responsible for streams have 10 and 20m buffers where A. for A. gouldi by the Giant Freshwater Lob- North Carolina ongoing widespread epizootic mortality in gouldi is found). There is still a push to ster Recovery Team will be duplicated 2. Crayfishes occurring in North Carolina native European populations. We reviewed have large tracts of subcatchments pro- under this scheme. (annotated list). (Continued on page 18) tected from land clearing, this hopefully (Continued on page 3) (Continued on page 13) IAA Newsletter 26 (4): 24 IAA Newsletter 26 (4): 1

OTHER LITERATURE Pagé, M.-P. & Cooper, R.L. (2004). Novel- President’s Corner ty stress and reproductive state alters Information received from IAA Member responsiveness to sensory stimuli and

Dear IAA members: Robin Cooper 5-HT neuromodulation. (In Press - The International Association of Astacology (IAA), Comp. Biochem. Physiol. A). founded in Hintertal, Austria in 1972, is dedicated This is the time of the year in which we Middle school science project with to the study, conservation, and wise utilisation of are more willing to become introspective. crayfish: Ann-Simone Cooper (8th grade) Abstract: freshwater crayfish. Any individual or firm Introspection inevitably leads to the desire interested in furthering the study of astacology is and her dad (Robin L. Cooper) just pub- Sensory stimuli can produce varied responses eligible for membership. Service to members of self-improvement and to the ritual of lished a note on growth of cave crayfish. depending on the physiological state of an ani- include a quarterly newsletter, membership making resolutions: What kinds of "Growth of Stygobitic (Orconectes aus- mal. Stressors and reproductive stage can result directory, bi-annual international symposia and resolutions are we making this New Year? tralis packardi) and Epigean (Orconectes in altered biochemical status that changes the publication of the journal Freshwater Crayfish. Certainly we will help our Association responsiveness of an animal to hormones and cristavarius) Crayfishes Maintained in grow and be healthy and wealthy. That neuromodulators which affects whole animal Secretariat Laboratory Conditions" is to appear in the behavior in relation to sensory stimuli. Crayfish The International Association of Astacology has a should be our priority for 2005, and we will next issue of the Kentucky Academy of work hard and do our best. But we need the serve as a model for examining the effects of permanent secretariat managed by Bill Daniels. Sciences. neuromodulators at the neuromuscular junctions Address: IAA Secretariat, Room 123, Swingle Hall, collaboration of all the members to keep (NMJs) and for alterations in stereotypic behav- Department of Fisheries and Allied Aquacultures, this promise. We expect them to be more iors for particular stimuli. Thus, we used cray- Auburn University, AL 36849-5419, USA. Abstract:

proactive in participating in the Association This study reports on maintenance and growth fish to examine the effect of novelty stressors in Tel: (+1 334) 8449123 matters and more readily available in of the cave crayfish, Orconectes australis pack- males and the effect of being gravid in female Fax: (+1 334) 8449208 providing their responses and precious crayfish to exogenous application of serotonin E-mail: [email protected] ardi, and the epigean crayfish, Orconectes cris- feedbacks to our requests. tavarius, within laboratory conditions for 1 and (5-HT). The responsiveness of neuromuscular Web page: Besides, we all need to communicate 2 years. The O. a. packardi survived well com- junctions to 5-HT revealed that stressed as well http://iz.carnegiemnh.org/crayfish/IAA/ our findings and ideas to the other members pared to the O. cristavarius within captivity. as gravid crayfish have a reduced response to 5- Webmaster: James W. Fetzner Jr. of the Association and strive to develop The poor survival of the epigean species was HT at NMJs. The stressed crayfish were not E-mail: [email protected] probably due to unsuitable conditions. The fatigued since the basal synaptic responses are fruitful collaborations. Crayfish News is an large and still showed a pronounced response to Officers: epigean as well as the cave crayfish molted and ideal vector of information transfer. grew in captivity, but without any significant 5-HT. Using intact animals to examine a tail • Francesca Gherardi, President, Department of Conferences and workshops are difference in molt frequency between species. flip behavior we showed that the rate of ha- Animal Biology and Genetics, University of fundamental venues for the exchange of In the first year of the study, total body length bituation in tail flipping to a strong repetitive Florence, via Romana 17, 50125 Firenze, Italy ideas and are instrumental to the discovery stimulus on the telson is reduced in stressed E-mail: [email protected] was obtained to assay growth whereas in the of new research directions. Don’t forget second year the more accurate measure of post- males. Gravid females show no tail flipping • Catherine Souty-Grosset, President-elect, that next year we will have several orbital carapace length was used. The ability of behavior upon telson stimulation. Laboratoire de Génétique et Biologie des opportunities to confront our positions with O. a. packardi to be maintained well in captiv- Populations de Crustacés, University of Poitiers, ity is likely due to their lower metabolic rate Sparks, G. & Cooper, R.L. (2004). 5-HT UMR CNRS 6556, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France other communities. Finally, as our last resolution, we will and ability to handle hypoxic stress better than offsets homeostasis of synaptic transmis- E-mail: [email protected] epigean species. disseminate the passion for crayfish to a sion during short-term facilitation. Jour- • Elizabeth Watson, Secretary, DRA Aquatic nal of Applied Physiology, 96:1681- Consultants, 20 Cedar Road, Castle Donington, wider public and transmit our enthusiasm 1690. Derby, DE74 2LR. England. for their study to the younger generation. Crayfish on Ecstasy: E-mail: [email protected] We all agree that education is the first step Cooper, J. E. (2002). North Carolina cray- • Keith Crandall, Past-President, Department of towards our main goal: to work harder and Sparks, G.M., Dasari, S. & Cooper, R.L. Integrative Biology, Brigham Young University, harder in the effort to conserve crayfish fishes (Decapoda: Cambaridae): notes on (2004). Actions of MDMA distribution, taxonomy, life history, and Provo, UT 84602-5255 USA biodiversity. H at glutamatergic neuromuscular junctions E-mail: [email protected] habitat. Journal of the North Carolina Neuroscience Research, 48:431-438. Statements and opinions expressed in My warmest holiday greetings, Academy of Science, 118:167-180. Cooper, J.E. (2001). Cambarus Crayfish News are not necessarily those of the Stress in crayfish. Altered behavior to International Association of Astacology (Puncticambarus) hobbsorum, a new Francesca Gherardi neuromodulators: (This issue edited by James W. Fetzner Jr. and Francesca Gherardi) IAA President (Continued on page 24) IAA Newsletter 26 (4): 2 IAA Newsletter 26 (4): 23

NEW BOOKS [email protected] Illinois Natural History Survey Illinois Natural History Survey Distribution Office Special Publication 28 607 E. Peabody Drive Champaign, IL 61820 USA The Crayfishes of Kentucky by Christopher A. Taylor & Guenter A. Schuster Premek Hamr (Upper Canada Col- lege, [email protected]) is working on a 220 pp., hardback with dust jacket $20 per section in a book on the bait fishes of On- copy (includes shipping and handling) tario (Canada) to be published soon with Replete with color photos of each spe- Ronald Taylor (Sir Sanford Fleming Col- cies, detailed drawings of crayfish anat- lege) and Aleta Karstad (the illustrator). omy, and distribution maps, The Cray- The Crayfish chapters are comprehensive fishes of Kentucky provides a unique and and include information on many aspects detailed guide to the state's diverse popu- of crayfish life history, ecology and aqua- lations of crayfishes and their habitats. culture (see below). There are species de- Students, naturalists (both professional scriptions and information for each of the and amateur), and educators will find this Ontario species. Here attached is a sample publication an indispensable tool. page. IAA members will be kept posted on the date of publication and on how to or- Ordering information: der the book. Contact: Ruth Johnson-(217) 333-6880; A collection of Astacopsis gouldi from Mawbanna, NW Tasmania in 1942. (Continued from page 1) last week and duly had extensive media There has been a lot of criticism of coverage to highlight the animal and its Tasmanian forest practices and it was actu- lack of serious protection. We are hoping ally a major federal election issue. More to run a story in the next 2 issues of the land has been earmarked for protection, major Sunday Tasmanian newspaper. and you can rest assured that the politicians Here's a photo for all to see. I'm also send- are not able to forget about A. gouldi. We ing you an old black and white photo from will continue to highlight the animal while 1942 in the NW of Tasmania. It was a one there is such strong debate about the future day fishing trip, the results speak for them- of our old growth forests. An unfortunate selves. fact is that while 40% of Tasmania's bush I'm very optimistic that in the next 3 is reserved, very few significant areas con- years we will have areas of significant taining subcatchments for A. gouldi are habitat protected which will ensure the protected. Unfortunately our largest cray- long term future of our most famous crus- fish tends to live in areas which are prized tacean. H by forestry companies, however with the See Ya, widened buffer zones on headwater Todd Walsh streams and the push for more formal re- Western Waterwatch serves, I'm confident that we will finally PO Box 715 have large enough areas to support major ULVERSTONE 7315 populations. 0439 69 3377 Sample pages from the book on bait fishes of Ontario by member Premek Hamr. I managed to capture a 3.8kg specimen IAA Newsletter 26 (4): 22 IAA Newsletter 26 (4): 3 (Continued from page 20) NEWS FROM AROUND THE WORLD the natural and purified waters quality on basic cardiogram of the aboriginal benthic biology and various aspects of applied CRAYFISH TRIALS IN LEBANON, invertebrates”. freshwater science. We would like to bring MIDDLE EAST Some results of the method have been together all European scientists working on published in the Abstracts of the recent freshwater organisms, freshwater habitats, There are 987 freshwater species in 15th IAA Symposium IAA in London. Be- and freshwater systems. The Meeting The Sixth International Crustacean Lebanon (Middle East), of which 25 have fore this, the results of the investigation of should serve to assure people that healthy Congress will take place at the University been introduced. Now there are plans to crayfish and mussels were published as an freshwater ecosystems are very important, of Glasgow, Scotland UK, from July 18th introduce one more. El Zein & Hawi report abstract in the Baltic Sea Congress in Hel- both in their own lives and that of the – 22nd 2005. The conference is organised that trials are underway to test the suitabil- sinki (Finland, August 24-28, 2003): whole Planet. on behalf of the International Crustacean ity of waters in Lebanon for the introduc- Kholodkevich S.V., V.P. Fedotov, A.G. Council by The Institute of Biomedical and tion of the noble crayfish, Astacus astacus. Strochilo, E.L. Kornienko, Y.U. Kucher- SEFS4 Secretariat Institute Life Sciences, University of Glasgow. The The crayfish (1500 plus) were supplied by javykh, A.S. Kurakin, D.V. Safronova: of Nature Conservation, Meeting will also host the 5th European Max Keller of Bavaria. Based on measure- “On line assessment of the anthropogenic PAS 31-120 Krakow Crustacean Conference, the 4th Crustacean ments of the weight, size and mortality the effects on benthic invertebrates by moni- al. Mickiewicza 33 Poland Larval Conference, and the 2005 Summer crayfish appear to be doing well at the ex- toring the cardiac activity with non- Meeting of the Crustacean Society. perimental site at Anjar. H invasive fiber optic methods” (p. 156). Tel. +0048 12 6322755 On 28th May 2004 members of the So- Fax +0048 12 6322432 The Congress will include eight special e-mail: [email protected] symposia: MEETINGS AND RESEARCH IN ciety of Astacology from Estonia visited

RUSSIA SPb SRCES RAS. In the delegation were representatives of the EU, Pre-Accession Invited lectures: 1. Symposium on the Phylogeny of Crustacea Organiser: Rony Huys Adviser Adolfo Merino and the well- From 8-11 June 2004 an exhibition 2. Symposium on The Biogeography of Anchi- known Estonish astacologist Tiit Paaver. 1. Alan P. Covich (University of Georgia, took place in Saint Petersburg entitled Athens): 'Dispersal-limited communities: aline Cave and Marine Interstitial “The Week of the Hi-Technology”. Dr. V.P. Fedotov gave two lectures on the Faunas. Co-Organisers: Geoff Boxshall & theme: “Works of the Russian astacolo- functional diversity in tropical insular Among many exhibits (more 1000) in the food webs' Damia Jaume gists to development crayfish breeding” 3. The Fourth Crustacean Larval Conference exhibition were live crayfish and a device 2. Francesca Gherardi (Universita di and “Ecology of crayfish”. A representa- Organiser: Paul Clark for non-invasive measurement of cardio- Firenze): 'Bioinvasions and the Nero grams using a laser cardiograph. This work tive of the State Committee of the Fishing 4. Symposium on the Ecophysiology of crusta- dilemma' ceans. Co-organisers: Dave Morritt, John is being carried out at the Laboratory of of the Russia (A.A. Chubakov and U.A. 3. Jonathan Grey (University of London): Ponomarjev) told delegates about Rules Spicer and Geraint Tarling Experimental Ecology of the water sys- 'Stable isotopes in aquatic ecology: 5. Symposium on Effects of human exploita- for Fishing and Fish breeding in Russia tems of the Saint Petersburg Scientific current awareness' tion on decapod mating systems. and in North-West Region of Russia. On 4. Jan Kozlowski (Jagiellonian University, Research Center for Ecological Safety. th Co-organisers: Mark Butler IV and Alison Visitors of the exhibition could see a 29 Krakow): 'The reasons why life histories MacDiarmid free moving crayfish in an aquarium and Many participants visited Petergof to are diverse' 6. Symposium on Diseases of commercial sig- its cardiogram on a display computer. see the fountains. During the day, the 5. Winfried Lampert (Max-Planck Institute nificance. Co-organisers: Grant Stentiford Crayfish were exposed to different me- group visited Lake Berezno (Pskov region) of Limnology, Plön): 'Daphnia as a and Jeff Shields chanical and chemical influences and its where Dr. V. P. Fedotov told them about herbivore, predator and prey' 7. Symposium on Invasive Crustacea some plans for creating a crayfish farm at 6. Lennart Persson (Umea University): Co-organisers: Paul Clark and Liz Cook reactions were reflected by alterations of 8. Symposium on The Biology of the Anomura the cardiogram. The temporal parameters the back of the lake. Head of the Estonian 'Size-structured interactions and the dynamics of aquatic communities' II. Co-organisers: Dr Rafael Lemaitre and Dr of the cardiograms can be presented as Society of Astacologists, Valery Toots- 7. Thomas Weisse (Institute for Limnology, Chris Tudge ([email protected] or indexes of the variation pulsometry man, also told about the successes of Esto- [email protected]) nian crayfish farmers. The majority of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Mondsee): method, which allows us to present on line 'Biodiversity of freshwater participants could speak Russian and it was For information, visit the website the functional state of the crayfish by microorganisms' a convenient exchange of ideas about cray- http://www.gla.ac.uk/icc6/ quantitative means. The method was fish and crayfish breeding. H awarded a Diploma and medal of the Exhi- For information, visit the website http:// bition for the display “Biomonitoring of (Continued on page 5) www.sefs4.pan.krakow.pl/ IAA Newsletter 26 (4): 4 IAA Newsletter 26 (4): 21 (Continued from page 4) UPCOMING MEETINGS AND will aim at laying the basis for: CONFERENCES THE WHITE SPOT SYNDROME • constructing a conceptual model of VIRUS biological invasions; • evaluating the role of invasions in the The picture shows a crayfish, Paci- biodiversity loss; fastacus leniusculus, experimentally in- Freshwater biotas are changing world- • quantifying economic and social costs fected with the white spot syndrome virus wide. Human-mediated invasions of organ- of biological invasions; (WSSV), a severe parasite on shrimp. Also in this case, the WSSV triggers spots on isms are associated with these changes, • developing risk assessment models for the cuticle of the crayfish. which commonly include the extirpation of indigenous species; native species. Spectacular cases are the Read more about the infection of white • improving controls of harmful non- spot virus in crayfish in: extinction of more than 200 species of indigenous species; cichlids following the introduction of the Nile perch into Lake Victoria in Africa, the • proposing a series of actions to halt the Jiravanichpaisal, P., Söderhäll, K. and This past summer, MDC law alteration of the North American Great invasion processes. Söderhäll, I. 2004. Effect of water tem- enforcement agents discovered that some Lakes ecosystems by the mass invasion of perature on the immune response and in- individuals were capturing wild native Ponto-Caspian species, and the complete Scientific Committee fectivity pattern of WSSV in freshwater crayfish at a state conservation area and GUIDO CHELAZZI (University of Florence, Italy) domination of lowland rivers in the West- crayfish . Fish and Shellfish Immunology then illegally selling them for bait in FRANCESCO DESSÌ-FULGHERI (University of Florence, 17, 265-275. H Missouri and across our state border in ern United States by non-indigenous fish Italy) PIERO GENOVESI (INFS, Italy and ISSG, IUCN) Kenneth Söderhäll Oklahoma. The agents designed a covert and invertebrates. FRANCESCA GHERARDI (University of Florence, Italy) Department of Comparative Physiology Our ability to predict the effects of bi- DAVID HOLDICH (University of Nottingham, UK) operation and arrested the individuals in SANDRO LOVARI (University of Siena, Italy) Evolutionary Biology Center otic invasions is generally still limited, es- the act of making several illegal sales. Uppsala University, Sweden Most recently, the biologists and law pecially when the invaded systems are [email protected] aquatic. The need to increase our ability to Organizing Committee enforcement agents have jointly proposed F RANCESCA GHERARDI and: PATRIZIA prevent, understand, and manage invasions new state regulations that, if enacted, will ACQUISTAPACE, CLAUDIA ANGIOLINI, LAURA MISSOURI LAW ENFORCEMENT make it illegal to transport any wild- has been emphasized by the enormous eco- AQUILONI, SILVIA BERTOCCHI, SARA BRUSCONI, AGENTS ENGAGED IN CRAYFISH caught, native crayfishes across our state nomic and social costs of some recent inva- ANDREA CACCHIANI, ASTRA CIONI, BARBARA RENAI, CONSERVATION sions, as well as by the growing interest in RICCARDO RUSSO, ELENA TRICARICO (University of borders. We believe that such regulations Florence, Italy). preserving biodiversity. will help conserve several of our rarer For information, visit the website During late 2003 and 2004, Missouri native crayfishes that are being sold Through the analysis of empirical cases http://www.dbag.unifi.it/inwat biologists and law enforcement officers commercially and possibly introduced to from freshwater ecosystems, the Workshop worked together on several issues to waters far outside of our state. H improve conservation of native crayfishes. an independent charitable organization In late 2003 we discovered that the Bob DiStefano based at Ambleside, UK, which, since infamous rusty crayfish (Orconectes Missouri Department of Conservation 1929 has conducted and sponsored high- rusticus) was being imported to our state [email protected] quality research into the functioning of from Wisconsin by the fishing bait th The 4 Symposium for European freshwater ecosystems. A keen advocate of industry. Biologists and law enforcement CRAYFISH FROM DEEP INSIDE A Freshwater Sciences (SEFS4) will be closer working links among European agents from the Missouri Department of EUROPEAN CAVE hosted by the Polish Academy of Sciences freshwater scientists, the Association's Conservation (MDC) immediately began and Jagiellonian University in the histori- initiatives resulted in the first SEFS sym- working with bait suppliers and stores to The stone crayfish, Austropotamobius cal city of Krakow, Poland, from 22 to 26 posium in Antwerp. It has continued to halt the potential introduction of this torrentium, is widespread in central and August 2005. The Symposia for European provide support and administrative assis- crayfish to our waters. Our local bait south-eastern Europe, but it has not been Freshwater Sciences are coordinated by the tance to all subsequent SEFS meetings. industry was cooperative, and we helped recorded from caves before. It occurs in Freshwater Biological Association, in col- Like the previous Symposia, SEFS4 will them transition to using two native species the River Aggitis that flows out of the laboration with other European freshwater be devoted to basic questions in freshwater (O. virilis and O. immunis) for their bait (Continued on page 6) and limnological Associations. The FBA is (Continued on page 21) sales. IAA Newsletter 26 (4): 20 IAA Newsletter 26 (4): 5

(Continued from page 5) concentrated on the main questions, and PHOTO ALBUM Aggitis Cave after passing through the Fa- will try to avoid complicated and time con- lakro Mountain in northern Greece. suming projects. Short term experiments Pavel Kozak and Premek Hamr during their Czech outing. Recently it was found within the cave and compiling data from many available itself at distances of 2100 and 7100 m from sources will provide answers to most open the entrance. The crayfish found were pig- questions, although some follow up studies mented, although those from the deeper will be needed. parts had characteristically bluish pereo- The first of the two main targets is to pods. The origin of the deep-dwelling cray- measure the factors that regulate the distri- fish is unknown, although they occur above bution of the noble crayfish, as well as the and below the cave system, it is unlikely distribution of the signals, remembering that they could have entered the system that Finland is at the northern limit of the from above in recent times. both species. The other target is to measure At present little is known about the the rapidly growing signal crayfish produc- crayfish population(s) inside the cave, but it tion and its socio-economical and ecologi- is hoped to find out if they carry out the cal influences. H whole of their life history there and what Markku Pursiainen they might be feeding on. H Program manager (Crayfish Research) Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute, Jyväskylä Game and Fisheries Re- Manos Koutrakis search, Survontie 9, 40500 Jyväskylä, Finland National Agricultural Research Foundation [email protected]; www.rktl.fi Fisheries Research, Institute of Kavala

640 07 NEA PERAMOS, Kavala, Greece [email protected] SIGNAL CRAYFISH IN HUNGARY – A VECTOR OF APHANOMYCES – NEW APPROACH TO CRAYFISH DOOMED FUTURE FOR ASTACUS IN RESEARCH IN FINLAND THE DANUBE CATCHMENT AREA

Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Three years ago a young biology Institute is setting up a research program on teacher, namely Peter Illés discovered that crayfish. The program will form a platform signal crayfish were very abundant in for the Institute’s crayfish projects, and a Gyöngyös river, West-Hungary. I visited network for the crayfish research in the the place for the first time two years ago in country. It will focus on the most important October, and I collected more than 70 questions in the crayfish management in specimens in three hours. I brought some Finland, in a situation where the introduced crays home and I kept them in a tank. One signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) of them was put in another tank along with population is rapidly increasing in many 10 noble crayfish. After two weeks none of former noble crayfish (Astacus astacus) them was alive except the lonely lakes devastated by the crayfish plague 100 Pacifastacus lenuisculus. I presumed that years ago. As well known, the noble cray- he was a host of the killer fungus fish populations very seldom recover in (Aphanomyces astaci), but I could not find large lakes and water systems after the the evidence due to the lack of skill and plague. technical background. The program is planned to last seven Last year, I made a reciprocal years, until 2012. Therefore it will be very (Continued on page 7) IAA Newsletter 26 (4): 6 IAA Newsletter 26 (4): 19

(Continued from page 17) Decapoda: Astacidae). Abstract, ASB (Continued from page 6) are maintained in the restored Everglades Bulletin 23(2):90. experiment. Peter Illés and I put ten noble The UL Lafayette Crawfish Research ecosystem. H VanArman, P.G. 2003. Biology and ecol- crayfish in a cage in the Gyöngyös river, Center began to harvest crawfish during ogy of epigean crayfish that inhabit where signals are so abundant. After ten the first week of December 2004 with Selected References Everglades environments Procambarus days all nobles were dead. My susppicions catch of 0.25-0.75 lbs per trap. All ponds, alleni (Faxon) and Procambarus fallax rose high and I decided to co-operate with regardless of size, are managed as Birgit Oidtmann whom I know from the permanent crawfish ponds and rice, where Bovbjerg, R.V. 1960. Behavioral ecology (Hagen). Doctoral dissertation. Nova th of the crab, Pachygrapsus crassipes. Southeastern University Oceanogra- 12 Symposion, Augsburg. She was ready planted, serves as a forage crop and is not Ecology 41(4):668-672. phy Center, Davie, FL. 173 pp. to make the necessary tests in her harvested. Main production ponds 15 and Capelli, G.M. 1975. Distribution, Life laboratory in Munich at the Veterinarian 18 acres in size were drained at the end of History and Ecology of Crayfish in IAA Member Peggy VanArman, Ph. D., University, Faculty of Zoology. June 2004 for completion of an effluent Northern Wisconsin. Ph.D. Dissertation. Associate Professor of Biology This year I was successful to send her project funded by the Louisiana Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison WI. 216 Palm Beach Atlantic University submits 25 signal crays and some of them arrived Department of Environmental Quality – pp. this synopsis of her doctoral dissertation alive at the laboratory. After the research report attached. The ponds were refilled Hendrix, A.N. 2000. Population and life- (earned Ph.D. in June 2003) work made by PCR method, four with enough water to permit water history parameters of the Everglades specimens proved to be the vector of planting of rice seed in mid-July. The crayfish, Procambarus spp. Masters Aphanomyces astaci. ponds were drained following the planting Thesis. University of Washington, Seat- There is a confusing experience - I of rice but loss of our well prevented us tle, WA. 90pp. have been keeping one signal crayfish from flushing the seedlings or growing along with four noblecrays in the same them in water. We were only able to flush Hobbs, H. Jr. 1942. The Crayfishes of (Continued from page 24) Florida. University of Florida Press, recent developments and current practices tank since the middle of September of this and add water in the ponds in late August. Gainesville, FL. Biological Science in the field of crayfish pathology. The se- year and all are seemingly healthy. Maybe Our replicate pond levees were Series III(2):179 pp. verity of crayfish plague has resulted in an it means, that not all specimens are renovated in July and rice was drill planted Holdich, D.M. ed. 2002. Biology of overemphasis on it. Diagnostic methods for vectors as the had not been infected or in at the end of August. A permanent flood Freshwater Crayfish of Freshwater detecting fungi and fungal-like agents, and some cases the fungus is inactively stored was established in mid-September. Rice Crayfish. Blackwell Science. Iowa State sometimes culturing them, are frequently somewhere in the animal waiting to be was planted in water in our secondary University Press. Ames, IA, USA. 702 the sole techniques used to investigate dis- triggered off by a yet unkown factor. production pond, 4.65 acres in size, in late pp. ease outbreaks in European freshwater cray- Apart from this phenomenon the August and a permanent flood was Huffman, A.E. 2001. Examination of the fish. Consequently, the causes of a signifi- consequences foretell a doomed future to established in late September. relationship between groundwater lev- cant proportion of outbreaks are undeter- all members of the genus Astacus in the Mild weather and regular rainfall has els and the Everglades crayfish, Pro- mined. Pathogen groups well known for Carpathian basin and further in the Balkan permitted the establishment of good cambarus alleni. Masters Thesis. Flor- causing disease in other crustaceans, such as the Gyöngyös river flows into the Raba crawfish crops in all three production ida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, as viruses and rickettsia-like organisms, are River, which is a tributary of the Danube. ponds. The replicate ponds seem to have H FL. 31 pp. poorly understood or unknown in European good crawfish crops despite the fact that Rhoads, P.B. 1970. Unpublished report. Kiszely Pál all levees were renovated extensively. freshwater crayfish. Moreover, the patho- [email protected] An interim report on a study of the his- There was significant variation in crawfish genic significance of some long-known tory and ecology of the Everglades production in those ponds during the pathogens of European freshwater crayfish ACTIVITY REPORT – UL crayfish, Procambarus alleni (Faxon). preceding three seasons when forage crops remains obscure. LAFAYETTE CRAWFISH Report to Everglades National Park. For effective management of this cultur- were volunteer vegetation, sorghum-sudan RESEARCH CENTER SUMMER/ Biology Department, University of Mi- ally significant and threatened resource, – grass, and rice but all ponds have been ami. Coral Gables, Florida. 19 pp. there is an urgent need for researchers, diag- FALL 2004 managed in the same manner during the Rhoads, P.B. 1976. Aspects of the life nosticians, and resource managers to ad- past summer to ascertain what will happen cycle and ecology of Procambarus dress the issue of disease in European fresh- Presented to: The Louisiana Crawfish with regard to production and species alleni in the Everglades (Crustacea: water crayfish from a broader perspective Promotion and Research Board composition. than has been applied previously. H A survey of the bird fauna of a Date: December 2004 (Continued on page 8) IAA Newsletter 26 (4): 18 IAA Newsletter 26 (4): 7

(Continued from page 7) Aquaculture” at the Aquaculture America (Continued from page 16) using chi-square techniques. In the absence crawfish-rice complex in the Perry, LA 2005 meeting in January in New Orleans. crayfish occurred in low food availability, of the predator, feeding was the primary area was completed in September of this A copy is attached for your information. low water levels and high density. Slough activity of both species during the day, but year. Funded by both the Louisiana This follows the Crawfish Research crayfish had higher survival and matured at night Everglades crayfish foraged while Crawfish Promotion and Research Board Center’s long term initiative to earlier than Everglades crayfish. Slough crayfish rested. In the presence of and the Coypu Foundation, a seasonal demonstrate the significance of crawfish an arthropod predator, both species fed checklist of the birds recorded during the systems as waterbird habitat and address, Growth of more during the two year study period was completed and as best possible, the issue of bird-crawfish Everglades day, but spent a copy is attached. interactions. crayfish was more time resting The Louisiana Department of The Crawfish Research Center will most im- at night. Slough Environmental Quality Crawfish Effluent have a major presence at the Louisiana pacted by crayfish sheltered Project was completed in June 2004 and a Crawfish Farmer’s Association “Crawfish low food more in vegeta- project summary is attached. Note that the Expo” in Crowley, LA on December 9, availability, tion than Ever- project showed rice to be the best forage 2004. An informational booth will be drying con- glades crayfish. crop for crawfish production and high manned by center personnel and I will ditions, high Both species ex- percentage of red swamp crawfish when present a joint report on “Early Season density, and hibited diurnal compared to volunteer vegetation and Crawfish Harvesting Tips” developed in intraspecific behavior, sorghum-sudan grass. Furthermore, collaboration with colleagues in the LSU competition. whether the approximately 1,000 pounds of crawfish Agricultural Center – R. Romaire, G. The best predator was were produced per acre in two large R&D Lutz, M. Shirley, and R. McClain. H conditions present or not. ponds in each of three consecutive for growth of Everglades crayfish included crawfish seasons. Both ponds were planted Jay Huner, Director high food availability, low water levels, Both species spent the greatest amount with rice as crawfish forage. One was UL Lafayette Crawfish Research Center low density, and interspecific competition of time in U. foliosa and P. hemitomon, periodically flushed while the other one 1031 W. J. Bernard Road with Slough crayfish. Growth of young and the least amount of time in T. domin- was not flushed. The study showed no St. Martinville, Louisiana 70582 USA Slough crayfish was most impacted by low gensis and on sand, whether a predator was benefits to flushing water in permanent [email protected] food availability, high density, and high- present or not. At night, in the presence of crawfish ponds planted with rice in late density interspecific competition. Slough the predator, Slough crayfish spent more June or early July. Furthermore, flushing CRAWFISH AS FUEL! crayfish grew largest under conditions of time secluded in U. foliosa than Everglades favored lower percentages of red swamp high food availability, low density, and crayfish, but Everglades crayfish were crawfish than in the un-flushed pond. An intrepid motorist has driven 16,000 low-density interspecific competition, but more exposed on sand. In recognition of the value of crawfish- miles around America without a drop of reached the same size in all three water rice production systems for waterbird petrol (gas)! He used green machines that levels tested. Under all conditions tested, Conclusions indicate that water levels, habitat, a proposal to revise and update a thrive on organic waste. In Louisiana he young Everglades crayfish grew larger, amount of food, density and competition management bulletin for managing such drove across the swampy state in a modi- significantly and differently affected systems for waterbird habitat was fied Hummer that was fuelled by crawfish, Experiment 3. Behavior patterns (feeding, growth and survival of both Everglades submitted to the Louisiana Rice Research jambalaya and the occasional Pop Tart! resting, moving, digging, retreating, avoid- and Slough crayfish. Young of both spe- Board. A copy, slightly modified for Arnold Schwarzenegger only manages to ing, or approaching) and substrate choices cies exhibited diurnal behavior, but behav- get 6 mpg from his Hummer whereas 12 (plants commonly found in Everglades ior and substrate choices were affected by submission to other funding sources, is H attached. While the LRRB received the mpg was obtained using Cajun food! environments: Utricularia foliosa, Pani- the presence of a predator. It is crucial that proposal favorably, it was unable to fund cum hemitomon, Typha domingensis, and differences in biology and ecology be- the proposal and assistance from the sand) of 2-month old young were observed tween young Everglades and Slough cray- Louisiana Crawfish Promotion and during a 48 hour time period following fish be considered by water managers Research Board to fund the proposal will designs by Bovbjerg (1960) and Capelli when determining future hydrological be requested. (1975). Observations were made during conditions, to ensure that appropriate dis- I will present a report entitled “Greater day and night periods, in the presence of an tribution and abundance of each species Ecological Considerations in Crawfish arthropod predator. Data were analyzed (Continued on page 18) IAA Newsletter 26 (4): 8 IAA Newsletter 26 (4): 17

BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY OF There is sparse information on the biol- SHORT ARTICLE 1989, 1991, 1997). Now, I think crayfish EPIGEAN CRAYFISH THAT ogy and ecology of juvenile Everglades are about the coolest animals on the planet, INHABIT EVERGLADES ENVIRON- and Slough crayfish (Rhoades 1970, 1976; The Crayfishes of Northeastern so just how such a regional suite of cray- MENTS, PROCAMBARUS ALLENI Hendrix 2000). To determine if there were NSW, Australia fishes could have been left largely unstud- (FAXON) AND PROCAMBARUS differences in biology and ecology of juve- ied for this long greatly intrigued me. Such FALLAX (HAGEN) (FLORIDA, USA) nile crayfish, this research focuses on three Although I would rather be writing this was the setting for my decision to embark laboratory experiments, conducted from after the successful completion of my PhD on this study. Crayfish are important freshwater eco- 1997 to 2002, on newly hatched young of thesis, I feel that now would be a suitable The ensuing research was a tremendous system managers in North America, and both species, up to three months of age. time to mention my research to the IAA privilege. It brought great joy to be able to may dominate energy and nutrient flow and Young crayfish were hatched from berried community. (It would have been nice to get work with these animals, in some of the serve as keystone species (Holdich 2002). females captured in the field or bred in the to London in March, but one of my sons most beautiful places imaginable. In all, I However, they are usually overlooked in laboratory. was in the middle of being born at the sampled around 240 sites, in order to get a conservation efforts (Davis and Ogden time.) good overall picture of the distributions and 1994). In ongoing restoration efforts in Experiment 1. Weight and total length For the past four years, I have been habitat of these crayfishes. Around 55% of Everglades (Florida, USA) wetlands, cray- (growth), sexual development (presence studying the freshwater crayfishes of north- the sites yielded specimens, and the known fish have been identified as intermediates and size of male reproductive gonopods), eastern New South Wales, Australia. There locations for all species was considerably in food webs (prey for over 40 vertebrate and survival of hatchlings were monitored are a number of beautiful species in this increased. As one of the best examples of species, predators of snails, newts and fish to three months of age, under stable condi- neck of the woods, but unfortunately they this, Euastacus sulcatus had previously eggs) and as bio-indicators to assess effects tions (water depth and food availability). are generally under-studied and rarely men- been recorded from two sites in NSW, and I of hydrology, fire, nutrient enrichment and Data were recorded at approximately four- tioned. I wanted to study a regional assem- was able to record it from 26 sites, vastly pollution (VanArman 2003). Two native week intervals. Linear regression showed blage of crayfishes so that I could try to extending its range to the south, southeast, epigean crayfish inhabiting Everglades that juvenile Slough crayfish were heavier understand differences between them. west and southwest. Several unusual colour wetlands, Procambarus alleni (Everglades at a given length, and combined with gono- The focus species of my research have forms were also recorded for this species, crayfish) and P. fallax (Slough crayfish), pod development, was used to predict that been four species of Euastacus that inhabit including red base colour with cream are similar in appearance, but differences Slough crayfish become mature at an ear- my study area: E. gumar, E. mirangudjin, patches, red base with turquoise patches (as between these species in biology and ecol- lier age than Everglades crayfish. Ever- E. sulcatus and E. valentulus. These range in the image), and black base colour with ogy may critically affect food webs in the glades crayfish grew significantly larger from small, highland animals (E. gumar tan patches. Note that the E. suttoni image Everglades ecosystem. than Slough crayfish, at a faster rate, but and E. mirangudjin) to the large, lowland is also from a population with unusual Slough crayfish had significantly higher E. valentulus (can exceed 2kg). To a lesser colouration for that species. Although both species occur in sympat- survival rates than Everglades crayfish. extent, I have also been studying E. suttoni Investigations into the biology of these ric and syntopic distribution, hydrology and our only endemic Cherax, C. cuspida- species was also very exciting. Through a can affect the presence of either species by Experiment 2. In this multifactorial ex- tus. At two sites I have also recorded a few 24 month mark-recapture program, for each influencing development, survival, shelter periment, data analyzed through ANOVA Tenuibranchiurus spp., which have been of the four focus species, I looked at com- and food availability. Adult Everglades techniques indicated that abiotic (food sent to Pierre Horwitz (Edith Cowan Uni- parative reproduction (egg size and num- crayfish inhabit areas that provide short availability and water levels) and biotic versity), who is currently revising the ge- ber; embryonic and postembryonic devel- hydroperiod and low water levels with suit- (density and competition) factors had sig- nus. opment; size at maturity; spawning fre- able substrate in which they can burrow, nificant effects on the survival and growth IAA readers will be familiar with E. quency and timing), moulting and growth whereas adult Slough crayfish rarely bur- of hatchlings to three months of age. In sulcatus through the recent and exciting (or lack thereof!), injuries and wounds, row and prefer deeper, more permanent conditions simulating three different water research undertaken by James Furse ectosymbiotic fauna, and general behav- waters (Hobbs 1942; Hendrix 2000; Huff- levels, survival of Everglades crayfish was (Griffith University), but if a lot of those iour. man 2001). Shifts in relative abundance of significantly impacted by low food avail- other names don't ring any bells, it's be- From this biological investigation, im- these two species through water manage- ability, high density and intraspecific com- cause these crayfishes have been largely portant insights were gained which will no ment decisions may have considerable ef- petition, while highest survival took place overlooked by biological research. For doubt be of great use in the future manage- fects on wetland communities and the over- in conditions of high food availability and most species, the best available information ment of each of these species. I must admit all availability of crayfish as food for other low density. The lowest survival of Slough is embodied in the extraordinary taxonomic that I was somewhat surprised that the organisms. (Continued on page 17) works on Euastacus by Morgan (1988, (Continued on page 11) IAA Newsletter 26 (4): 16 IAA Newsletter 26 (4): 9

IAA Member David Rogers. PROFESSORSHIP OFFICIAL FOR http://www.ukbap.org.uk/). FORMER IAA PRESIDENT DRA’s current contracts in this field in- Former IAA President, David Rogers has clude: been officially conferred the title of Profes- sor of Freshwater Biology on 16 December 1. Examination of the feasibility of trans- 2004. The Professorship was awarded on fer of Sterile Insect Technologies to the basis of expert witness work for Court signal crayfish population control/ Cases involving fish and freshwater biol- eradication. ogy and for voluntary fish expert work in China and Malawi over the past couple of 2. The effect of a new law in the UK law years as well as crayfish research. to permit trapping of crayfish on the crayfish population and the general river At present, research work undertaken by ecology. his company, David Rogers Associates (DRA) involving both David and Liz Wat- Two native crayfish breeding and reintro- son, the present IAA Secretary, in conjunc- duction projects. tion with the University of Derby and As- sociates in the University of Oxford and The University of Derby has recognised Imperial College, London, centre on popu- the importance of creating a centre of ex- Clockwise from Upper Right: lation dynamics of crayfish and the UK pertise for crayfish within its research team Cherax cuspidatus; Euastacus sulcatus (Mt Warning); E. mirangudjin; E. valentulus; Tenuibranchiurus sp.; E. suttoni (Ewingar); E. gumar. Biodiversity Action Plan for white-clawed by conferring the Professorship. H crayfish (http://www.crayweb.info/ and IAA Newsletter 26 (4): 10 IAA Newsletter 26 (4): 15

HEART ACTIVITY OF (Continued from page 9) One of the most interesting aspects was CRAYFISH DURING FREE biological findings differed between these that all of the Euastacus species were re- Euastacus to the extent that I recorded. corded from habitats generally considered BEHAVIOR There is insufficient room to discuss these unsuitable for the genus. All species were

varied findings here, suffice to say that found in habitats lacking any surface water Investigation of the reactions of the cray- these Euastacus are biologically very dis- (i.e. the stream had dried up). In such cases, fish (Astacus astacus; Pontastacus lepto- tinct. the crayfishes had simply burrowed down dactylus; Procambarus clarki) has been From the comparative perspective, one to the water table. I was continually amazed made with the help of a laser cardiograph aspect of particular intrigue was that at the places I was finding Euastacus, by and the non-invasive fiber optic method Euastacus mirangudjin, which is morpho- sampling at sites that did not at all appear and the method of variation pulsometry Cardiac activity of the crayfish Astacus astacus in differ- logically rather unlike the 'typically' spiny likely to hold any crayfish. A colleague, (VP), coupled with parallel video re- ent functional states: a – active state (0.5V; 1S); б- rest- species, is also very unlike them biologi- Shawn Leckie (also studying Euastacus at cordings of the movements of crayfish. ing state (0.3V; 1S); в – sleep-like state (hypnotic) cally. In particular, they have a different SCU), has similarly found E. simplex and This shows that the heart rate and VP indi- (0.2V; 1S). reproductive strategy, bearing much larger E. neohirsutus to inhabit areas lacking sur- ces have particular definite values accord- and fewer eggs. The hatched juveniles also face water. ing to crayfish’s active state or prolonged HR before crayfish hypnotic state lack some very distinctive markings that I'm quite fascinated by crayfish, and rest. We (V.P. Fedotov, G.P. Udalova and 140 hatchlings of the other Euastacus bear. In have thoroughly enjoyed this research. Re- S.V. Kholodkevich) found that the pro- 120 light of the morphological and biological grettably, however, I must write of one as- longed rest shows behavioral features and 100 differences, I find it most curious that E. pect that in recent months has added a cardiac activity similar to operative rest or 80 mirangudjin co-habits many sites with one somewhat sobering element to my work. sleep. A typical reaction of animal hypno- 60 of these typically spiny species. Given that Recently, I received reports of the presence sis was observed in crayfish. In addition to 40 at no site were any two of the typically of an exotic crayfish species, Cherax quad- the frozen immobilized posture, increased 20 spiny species found in sympatry, it interests ricarinatus, from one local stream system. heart rate and alteration of several VP indi- 0 me that E. mirangudjin occurs in close as- With the assistance of recreational fishers, ces were discovered during the hypnotic 123456789 sociation with the much larger, and very who kindly provided to me the shells from process. It is assumed that analogues of different, E. sulcatus. Euastacus sulcatus is one of their catches, I have now been able sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous HR during crayfish hypnosis the only typically spiny species that co- to verify that they do indeed belong to this influences regulate the level of heart activ- occurs with other Euastacus. In fact, by species. Following this, on 27 September ity in crayfish during different physiologi- 116 114 sampling 'peripheral' habitat (e.g. small, 2004, Shawn and I made a field trip to a cal states: active locomotory behavior, 112 moist soaks and gullies in the forest adja- site just upstream of where the anecdotal prolonged rest or animal hypnosis. Cray- 110 108 cent to the main stream) at many sites in- reports were claimed. On this trip, we cap- fish as highly 106 104 habited by E. sulcatus, several new taxa tured eight specimens of two endemic crays organized inver- 102 were recorded during the field research. (Cherax cuspidatus and Euastacus valentu- tebrates provide 100 98 Descriptions for these have been prepared lus) and four specimens of the invading an efficient ani- 12 34 56 78 91011121314 (Coughran in press), but the important point mal model for is that they, like E. mirangudjin, are mor- studying the After hypnotic state phologically quite distinct from the 'typical' function and the spinose species. Further, although a number mechanisms of 160 of these new, poorly spinose taxa have now sleep-like states 140 been recorded, they are never found in sym- and animal hyp- 120 100 patry with each other either. Thus, in all nosis. H 80 cases of recorded sympatry between The crayfish Astacus astacus 60 40 Euastacus, the two species involved have Valery Fedotov in a hypnotic state. 20 been the large, typically spinose E. sulca- Saint Petersburg, 0 tus, and one of the small, poorly spinose Russia 1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40 43 46 49 52 55 58 61 One of the new taxa recorded during the study. group. (Continued on page 12) IAA Newsletter 26 (4): 14 IAA Newsletter 26 (4): 11

share of our research (Continued from page 12) fishes in the eastern highlands of New efforts, two well-studied spent the past four years studying our en- South Wales. Proceedings of the Lin- aquaculture candidates demic species for their intrinsic value, and nean Society of N.S.W. 115; 247-258. (C. quadricarinatus, C. would greatly appreciate any information Morgan, G.J. 1986. Freshwater Crayfish of destructor) will still or advice from astacologists involved in the Genus Euastacus Clark (Decapoda: dominate the future managing this species, C. quadricarinatus, Parastacidae) from Victoria. Mem. Mus. study of Australian cray- or other crayfish, as ecological pests. Vict. 47 (1); 1-57. fishes, even studies on I regret that most of this article had to Morgan, G.J. 1988. Freshwater Crayfish of the biology, conserva- discuss this issue. I look forward with the Genus Euastacus Clark (Decapoda: tion and management of much anticipation to the next IAA sympo- Parastacidae) From Queensland. Mem. our poorly-known en- sium, where hopefully I can communicate Mus. Vict. 49 (1); 1-49. demic crayfishes. more on my findings on our endemic ani- Morgan, G.J. 1989. Two new species of Presently, the exotic mals. H the freshwater crayfish Euastacus Clark species is only known to (Decapoda: Parastacidae) from isolated occur in one stream in Jason Coughran high country of Queensland. Memoirs of The exotic pest, Cherax quadricarinatus. Three of the animals retrieved from the region, and verified School of Environmental Science & the Queensland Museum 27 (2); 368- the September 27 field trip. reports all occur up- Management 388. stream of a water supply Southern Cross University, Military Rd, Morgan, G.J. 1991. The spiny freshwater (Continued from page 11) dam, which is upstream of a small, natural Lismore, NSW, 2480 (Australia) crayfish of Queensland. Queensland pest species C. quadricarinatus. waterfall. I hold a vague hope that the spe- [email protected] Naturalist 31 (1-2); 29-36. Thus, for all the information I have been cies has not yet spread downstream of one Morgan, G.J. 1997. Freshwater crayfish of able to gather about our poorly known en- of these obstacles, and am trying to muster Literature Cited. the genus Euastacus Clark (Decapoda: demic species, my enthusiasm is somewhat community and scientific interest in the Parastacidae) from New South Wales, tainted by the knowledge that this exotic investigation of this and other questions. Coughran, J., in press. New crayfishes with a key to all species of the genus. pest will, by necessity, become the focus of Any attempt to study and manage this (Decapoda: Parastacidae: Euastacus) Records of the Australian Museum much of the future research and interest on problem will require funding that is both from northeastern New South Wales, (1997) Supplement 23. our endemic species. The findings I have readily accessible and available for long Australia. Records of the Australian Mu- made, new and exciting as they may be, term research efforts, a rather unfortunate seum 57(2005). will become merely a snapshot of how combination under current funding oppor- Horwitz, P. 1990. The conservation status (Continued from page 24) these animals occurred prior to the invasion tunities that I am aware of. However, the of Australian freshwater crustacea. Aus- of this exotic pest. Thus, to some extent, C. response from all agencies, researchers and tralian National Parks and Wildlife Ser- 3. Hydrological unit distributions of cray- quadricarinatus will defeat the purpose I members of the community has been very vice Report Series, No. 14; 1-121. fishes in North Carolina. had when I embarked on my research: to positive, and I believe that, despite the seri- Horwitz. P. 1995. The conservation status 4. References: North Carolina crayfishes bring to light information on our endemic ous threat the pest species represents, there of Australian freshwater crayfish: review (draft). crayfishes so that we could better appreci- will be much to gain in terms of an in- and update. Freshwater Crayfish 10: 70- 5. Crayfishes in Maryland. ate and manage them. creased sense of community education and 80. 6. Provisional list of Virginia crayfishes The threats to Australian crayfishes, appreciation for the region's endemic fauna Merrick, J.R. 1991. The Biology, Conser- (annotated list). particularly valid for Euastacus, are well and flora. Hopefully, the research will vation and Management of Australian 7. Provisional list of South Carolina cray- documented (e.g. Horwitz 1990, 1995; benefit managers around the world where Freshwater Crayfishes. A Bibliography. fishes (annotated list). Merrick 1995). It bothers me that this aqua- this species has become an established pest. Graduate School of the Environment, culture species is increasingly becoming an I'm currently seeking funds and devel- Macquarie University, Sydney. John E. Cooper is the Curator of Crusta- ecological pest around the world. In the oping proposals to establish a community- Merrick, J.R. 1993. Freshwater Crayfishes ceans at the North Carolina State Museum Australian situation, it is particularly sad- based education and monitoring program, of New South Wales. Linnean Society of of Natural Sciences (4301 Reedy Creek dening in that most of our >100 species are and to establish some biological research New South Wales, Sydney. Road, Raleigh, NC 27607 U.S.A.) very poorly known (Merrick 1991, 1993). projects on this exotic pest. However, I've Merrick, J.R. 1995. Diversity, distribution [email protected] http://www.naturalsciences.org/ Thus, despite having received the lion's (Continued on page 13) and conservation of freshwater cray- IAA Newsletter 26 (4): 12 IAA Newsletter 26 (4): 13