1911. .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 273

No. 133; Volunteer, No. 13; Pride of Munson, No. 1D4; Good The SPEAKER. The gentleman will state it. Interest, No. 187; Silver Crescent, No. 3; Resolute, No. 77; Mr. MURDOCK. Inasmuch as the House is to resolve itself Pride of Welcome, No. 33; Logan, No. GO; Eden, No. 988; into Committee of the Whole House for a. long, extensive, and Malto, No. 36; Star of Oberlin, No. 155; Frankford, No. 123; important debate, I wish to inquire of the Speaker if the Com­ Bellevue, No. 148; Lydia Darrah, No. 110; Clearfield, No. 146; mittee of the Whole has any power to grant lea.ye to print or to General Putnam, No. 28; Wissahickon, No. 137; Dallastown, No. extend remarks in the RECORD? 105; and West Chester, No. 45, Councils of Daughters of Lib­ The SPEAKER. It has not except to the individual. . That erty, all in the State of Pennsylyan.ia, favoring enactment of an has been the uniform practice since I have been here. illiteracy test; to the Committee on Immigration and Naturali­ Mr. UNDERWOOD. I will say to the gentleman from Kan­ zation. sas, that if there is a desire on that side to have leave to print, Dy Mr. MOTT: Resolution of Sandy Creek Grange, No. 127, I will ask unanimous consent at this time for all gentlemen who Patrons of Husbandry, of Sandy Creek, N. Y., in favor of a speak on the bill to have that right. parcels post; to the Committee on the Post Office and Post Mr. l\fURDOCK. There is no such desire on this side; there Roads. is a desire to curtail it, and I suggest that the gentleman in­ Also, resolutions of Great Bend Grange, No. 642, Great clude in his motion a provision that any request in Committee Dena,· N. Y.; Pennellville Grange, No. 729, Pennellville, of the Whole for the right to extend remarks, or to print re­ N. Y.; Lafargeville Grange, No. 15, Lafa.rgeville, N. Y.; marks, be referred back to the House and not ~ranted in Com­ Jefferson County Pomona Grange, Watertown, N. Y.; .Am­ mittee of the Whole. boy Grange, No. 779, Amboy Center, N. Y.; Star Grange, Mr. UNPERWOOD. I will state that that motion would not No. 9, Hannsfield, N. Y.; Thousand Island Grange, No. 593, be in order. The right of the Committee of the Whole House Omar, N. Y.; Pulaski Grange, No. 730, Pulaski, N. Y.; Cape on the state of the Union is governed by the rules of the House, Vincent Grange, No; 599, Cape Vincent, N. Y.; Oswego County and my motion could not infringe on those rules. These rules Pomona Grange, Oswego, N. Y.; Indian River Grange, Ant­ clearly provide that the committee can not grant general leaye werp, N. Y.; Smithville Grange, No. 60, Smithville" N. Y.; to print, but that it can grant the right to extend remarks. Plessis Grange, No. 620, Plessis, N. Y.; Lewis County Pomona l\fr. GARRETT. Any one Member can defeat it. Grange; Adams Center Grange, No. 590; and Gardner Corners Mr. UNDERWOOD. That is true. Grange, Ga.rdners Corners, N. Y., Patrons of Husbandry, agajnst The· SPEAI\:ER. All this debate is by unanimous consent. Canadian reciprocity bill (H. R. 4412) ; to the Committee on l\fr. MURDOCK. Then, Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous con- Ways and Means. sent to ask the gentleman from Alabama a question. Also, resolution of International Molders' Union, Local No. 78, l\fr. YOUNG of Michigan. The regular order. of Watertown; . N. Y., favoring repeal of the tax on oleomar­ The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Michigan demands the garine; to the Committee on Agriculture. regular order. The question is on the motion of the gentleman By Mr. STEPHENS of California: Resolutions of John F. from Alabama. Godfrey Post, No. 93, Grand Army of the Republic, of Pasadena, The motion of l\fr. UNDERWOOD was agreed to. Cal., in favor of Su-noway bill; to the Committee on Invalid The Rouse accordingly resolved itself into Committee of the Pensions. Whole House on the state of the Union, with Mr. SrrERLEY in Dy Mr. SULLOWAY: .Papers to accompany bill for claim for the chair. . arrearages of pension in case of Dr. Joseph Hunter; to the l\fr. SHERLEY took the chair amid general applause. Committee on .Invalid Pensions. The CHAIRMAN. The House is now in Committee of the Dy Mr. WILLIS: Petition of Dr. C. F. King and 60 other Wllole Honse on the state of the Union for the further consid­ citizens of Mount Cary, Ohio, against Canadian reciprocity eration of the bill H. R. 4412, the Canadian reciprocity bill. agreement; to the Committee on Ways and l\feans. Mr. U ~DERWOOD . Mr. Chairman, I wish to state that I do not intend to make the opening speech on this bill myself, but expect to close the debate. I yield one hour to the gentle­ man from North Carolina [Mr. KrTCIIIN]. [Applause.] HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. l\fr. KITCHIN. Mr. Chairman, in opening the debate on the SATURDAY, April 15, 1911. pending measure, I shall ask permission at the outset to ac­ knowledge in behalf of the Democracy of the House our thanks The House met at 12 o'clock noon. and gratitude to the President of the for giving The Chaplain, Rev. Henry N. Couden, D. D., offered the fol­ us, in this call for a.n extra session, the opportunity to quicken lowing prayer: the fulfi1lment of our pledges made to the people. [Applause ou Onr Father in heaven, the same yesterday, to-day, and for­ Democratic side.] How well any our oprronents, we would President for turning traitor to Republican policies and princi­ girn to the people :rn honest revision of the tariff downward, ples and indorsing Democratic policies nncl principles. [Ap­ and to-day we take tlle first step in the consummation of that pl:rnse on the Democratic side.] pledge. [API>lnuse on the Democratie side.] Never in the his­ I read in the report on the reciprocity measure of the Repub­ tor.r of the American Congress, either in the term of a Congress lican majority on that committee in tlle lust CongreEs, signed or of an administration, bas any party effected for the .rights by Mr. DALZELL, Mr. FOBD:NEY, ancl others, which no doubt will and interest of the people so much beneficent legislation and be adoptcu as the minority report at this session, a denuncia­ reue2med so many pledges as has the Democracy of this House tion of the pending measure as "an ab:irnlonrue:::it of the policy within the short veriod of tl.J.e l:lst 14 &lys. [Applause on the of protection " ; and they giYe that as a reason why a Repub­ Democratic side.] If the Honse did nothing else during. t~s lican majority in the last Congre-ss Toted against and why a term I couhl take its accomplishments and reforms made w1thrn Republican majority in this CongreEs will vote against the bill. the s ~ few days and match them against all the achievements of [Applause on the Democratic side.] Yon Ilepubllcuns denounce the Republic:au Party for the lust decade. [Applause on the your President for his betrayal of Republicu::i principles; we Democratic side.] I am willing to put on one end of the scale Democrats commcncl him for his conversion to Democratic our nchievements aud redemptions of pledges in the House in policies. [Applause on the Democratic siLle.] The sfandputters the last 14 <1-::iys and on the oilier end the achievements and re­ say this bill is n. lJlow at Ilepublican protection. For tlln.t rea­ demptions of the Republican Party for the last 14 year~, a:id son they oppose it. For that reason I at!Teeate it. For the then appeal to tile intelligence, patriotism. n.nd sense of Justice same reason every loyal, patriotic Democrat in unc.l outsicle of of the American people to decide tbe pre_ponclernnce. [Applause this House ought to fn:vor it. [.Applau8c on the Democratic on the Democratic side.] side.] -The administratiou of President Taft will stanu out to the I want to say to my Democratic colleagues that if there was futurn in unique solitude. It is the first in the history of Ule no other reason that presentetl itself to my judgment to advo­ Government that hns been forced, in the exercise of the power cate and vote for this reciprocity measure, this report, written given the President by the Co;:istitution, to convene on extraordi­ by the high chief priest of protection, the distinguished gentle­ nary occ:isio.n.s two sessions of Congi·ess in one term. It is the man from Pennsylvania [Ur. DALZELL], would furnish the first time in our history that n. President h:is felt the neces­ strongest renson why I, as a Democrat, shoulcl favor and advo­ sity of culling an ex:trn. s~sion when the .vopu1a.r branch of the cate it. It is a blow at Republicnn protection. Though tllis GoYernrnent was in the haucls of an adrnrse party. This, fel­ blow is a weak one, I will never raise my hand to stay it, espe­ low Democrats, is a most splendid tribute from a Republican cially since the strength of our arguments has so appealed to President to the patriotism and wisdom of the Democracy of this the judgment of n Ilepublican President that be stands with H-0use. [Applause on tlle Denlocratlc side.] Let it be remem­ uplifted arm to make the assault. [.Applause oa the Democratic bered that no Democrnt is in the le:ist responsible for this extra side.] Strike, Mr. President, strike! .Although I haT"e not an session, but tllnt the sole responsibility for its necessity rests overflowing love for or an overalmndnnt confidence in a Repul>­ upon the mern!Jers of the President's party in this Capitol lican administration, I will not abundou our en.use because its The Constitution declares that on1y on extraordinary occa­ ri,.,.hteousness has olmost converted even a Republican Presi­ sions shall tll2 President com'ene Congress. The Pre.sitlcnt first de°nt to ou.r theory of the tariff.. [Appln.usc on the Democratic exercised tills power '"hen, slr, he was l>ut a few clays from his side.] oath of inauguration. He felt, he knew, that .u.s the result of Gentlemen, politics is a great humbler of a man's pric1c; it 12 yen.rs of Ucpul>licnn Jegi-slation, the exact nge of the Dingley excepts not tha.t of a President. Let me present to the Hon::;e ta.riff, the condition both of the veople n.ru.l of the Trens!lry was Mr. Taft before n.ncl l\lr. '.raft after the election. Let us sec so <.1istressi11g tlmt lle wn:J compelled to cull Congress together what the President before the election thought ancl said of us, to repeal th~ most important and the most il.liquitous l:lw of 12 who a.re now earnestly, faithfully, and patriotically coopemtiD6 ye:irs of llepublicn.n control. [Applause o? the Democru tic with him to enact into law the pending measure. I hold in my sic1e.] .A.nu now, when the work of that ee.sswn, cn.1lcd to undo hand the Republican textbook used. jn the campaign of 1910. In former Re11ublica.n legislation, llas been on the statute books 1.he attempt to persuade enough of the Yoters in this country to less tllnn 2 .rears, Ile feels that its resulting conditions, con­ return here a Republican instead of a Democratic House, these fronting both the people and the c.clministration, arc so grn.ye worcJs of l\fr. Taft are carried in large black letters, so that and so extraordinary that it is necessary to call together a Demo­ whom-er should glance ::i.t this book could not fnil to see llis cra tic Hollse :md n. Republican Senate in order to undo the opinio!l of my fellow Dcmocrnts : legislation of that e.x.tru session. [Am11ause on the Democratic The difficulty with the Democratic Pnrty, nncl t11e reasons why the side.] AmcricRn people thus far have manifested their distrust of it, is be· The first extra seEsion "·as to re11cal tile Dingley iniquity; cause it bas no policy which tt.e co:mtry can c1Jr,cnd upon. this extra sess!on is to modify and repe.aJ, .so far ns tile Presi­ And yet in less than si.:s.:: months h~ is ucscechlng us, in order . dent dares to do it in order to hold his fllce with Republican to win back pubUc favor to a repucliateu ndministration, to help lenders, the Pnyne-.AJdrich iniquity. [.cippln..use on tile Demo­ him put upon the statute IJooks a Democratic volley. [.Applaus~ cratic side.] For 10 years I ll!l.vc been accustomed to hear, both on the Democr.atic side.] Let us rcn.d fnrtller : f1·om the ollier side of the aisle n.ncl from tile White Hom;c, and Its whole stock in trade is that of irrcsponsililc cr!ticis!:l aud ob· always with a sense of the ridiculous, much talk and runt al.lout struction, but whe:::i. charged with responsibility for doing .anythin:; it Ilepublican capacity for constructiye statesmanship. Do you utterly !alls. henr n.nything about that nowad!lys, gentleman? [Ln.ughter.] Oh, my friends, how the viciszltudcs of American politics Why, my friends, if llllY Repu!:>lic:lll in this presence would dis· humiliate the pride of even a President. Irresponsible obstruc­ play the .audacity of referring to Republican constructi-re states. tionists! Utter failures! · And yet before that lil>el upon u manship now, in the light of the In.st two yen.rs, every Repub- great and· historic political organization, numbering within its 1911. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 275 embrace over 7,000,000 voters, becomes cold upon his lips, the Oh, gentlemen, that is thinner than moonshine. [Laughter.] desperate necessities of a discredited administration send this You have got to get some other excuse. President to bended knees, begging before this Democratic ma­ Now, I say that my friend DALZELL, in talking about the jority. [Loud applause on the Democratic side.] Instead of lhat tariff, for once in his life told a plain political truth when he daring and dashing defiance and cruel slander of the Democratic said that this is a Democratic and not a Republican measure. Party, he comes with outstretched hands and sobbing voice, [Laughter.] Why, gentlemen, freer trade relations with Can­ cooing, loving, beseeching us to save his administration from ada, reciprocity with Canada, has been the Democratic policy certain oblivion by voting into law this reciprocity agreement. for W years. Mr. DALZELL is right when he says it is un-Repub­ [Applause on the Democratic iside.] Whatever be our preju­ lican. Canada is the one excepted country with which tbe dices, we must commend his political judgment and wisdom. Republican Party for the last 50 years has always refused to He finds himself and bis administration in distressing straits. make a reciprocal arrangement. In the debates in the Senate He must propose something to check increasing public disfavor. in 1800 and 1802 Mr. FRYE, Mr. Hale, and other Senators said Ransacking in vain the history and record of his own party, he that, while the Republican Party was willing to make agree­ turns to that of our party, and in the hope to regain the people's ments for reciprocal trade r.elations with other countries of the confidence he re~orts to a Democratic policy and presents it to Western Hemisphere, they must except Canada. The Demo­ the consideration of the Congress and the people as an adminis­ crats declared then that the one country of an countries with tration measure. [Applause on the Democratic side.] which we should have a reciprocal trade agreement was Can­ This measure is Democratic. We are twitted by the stnnd­ ada. John Sherman offered an amendment to the McKinley pat Republicans in the House, i'n the cloakroom, in the com­ bill including Canada specifically,. and, as I recall, only two mittee room, and in the press with the taunt that we Democrats Republican Senators favored it-Sherman and Plumb. are standing by a Uepublican President. My friends, that talk It is not a Republican measure; it is not a Republican pol­ does not interfere witll me. We do sometimes stand by a Re­ icy. It is a Democratic measure; it is a Democratic policy. publican President and you sometimes stand by a Republican Why, away back in 1848 Robert J. Walker, the great tariff­ President. Tbe difference is this: We Democrats stand by a reform Democrat of that generation, the author of the famous Republican President only when be is right, while you Re_pub­ Walker taril'f bill of 1846, in his am;rnal report urged upon Con­ licans stand by a Republican President only when he is wrong. gress the wisdom, the benefit, and the necessity of this country [Prolonged applause on the Democratic side.] making a reciprocity agreement with Canada. In 1854 a Dem­ Mr. Chairman, I regret that we are going to ha>e a few ocratic administration, a Democratic Congress enacted into patriotic, loyal Democrats on this side who feel it to be· their law a trade agreement with Canada known as the Canadian duty to vote against the pending measure. They tell me that trade treaty. It was substantially similar to the present meas­ one of the reasons why they can not reconcile it with their ure, the main difference being that this provides for reduction consciences is because it is a Republican measure-a Repub­ of the tariff on a greater number of manufactured articles. It lican President's measure. I want to say to those sensitive appealed so strongly to the juantage at this session of the argument of the most side.] And now these sensitive Democrats, here and elsewhere resourceful and the best debater on the Republican side, my in the Capitol, are so prejudiced against its source that they will friend from Pennsylvania [Mr. DALZELL], !Jut I take it that vote against the pending bill. Yet they could, during the last every argument he can now make against this bill, every rea­ extra session, leave the Democratic side and abandon the son he can now gi\e why one should vote against it, was given Democratic platform and join hands and lock shoulders with in a most carefully prepared and apparently a most carefully my friend DALZELL and my friends PAYNE and Aldrich, and studied speech made in February last. I want to say to the other standpat Republicans, and defeat the redemption of a gentleman that I know he did not intentionally mislead the plain Democratic pledge. [Loud applause.] Ilouse in that speech. I know that be did not intentionally Oh, my friends, you can not fool the people at home by say­ misquote any of the facts or any of the statistics in regard to ing that this is a Uepublican measure. Who knows whether it the effect and result of the former reciprocal agreement with is a Republican measure or not, and who says so? Stand­ Canada. He declared to this House, and it stands in the REc­ pat Republicans are denouncing the President because he fa­ oRn, that the results of tbat agr~ement with Canada were so T"ors it, declaring it to be a Democratic measure. disastrous to the United States that Congrc~s repealed it in The Democratic members of the Ways and Means Committee 1865, and to substantiate his 8tatement of the great disaster ot the last House and more than 05 per cent of the Democratic which it wrought to the people he declared that our exports to Members of that House declared it Democratic and favored it Canada dwindled from $20,800,000 the year tbe reciprocity and went on record for it. All bnt one of the 14 Democratic began to $15,200,000 at the expiration of the 12 years of the members of the present Ways and Means Committee, from which treaty, while Canada's exports to us increased from $12,000,000 comes this bill, and more than 95 per cent of the Democratic to $46,000,000 during the same time; that when it began the Members of this House declare it to· be Democratic and will balance of trade in our favor ,,,.as $8,000,000 annually, but that \ote for it. A majority of the Republican members of the Ways during the treaty this had been wiped out and at its expiration :md Means Committee of the last House and a majority of the the annual balance ngainst us and in favor of Canada was Republican Members of that House denounced it as Democratic $28,000,000 or $30,000,000. He quoted statistics, gotten from and un-Republican and opposed it. A majority of the Republi­ some,vhere, sustaining him. He contended tliat om· export cans of the present HouEe ery seriously it. The present Democratic Speaker [M:r. CLARK] favors it and upon his statistical credulity. What are the facts? Taking tl!e declares it to be Democratic. The Republican ex-Speaker [Mr. four years immediately preceding the treaty, our total exports CANNON] opposes it and denounces it as Democratic and un­ to Canada were only $43,000,000; but in the four years imme­ Republican. And yet some of my sensitive and partisan Demo­ diately succeeding the treaty our exports were over $104,000,000. cratic friends, here and elsewhere, are unwilling to support it [Applause on the Democratic side.] And yet a Representative on the ground that it is Repul>lican and un-Democratic, but at of 250,000 intelligent, honest, and patriotic people stands here the same time are willing to abandon their Democratic com­ in this House, and in order to obtain a party advantage, in rades, as the battle wages, and join the ranks of the majority order to defeat a Democratic measure, emanating from a He1mb­ of the Republicans, and, side l>y side with Mr. CANNON and Mr. lican President, tells his colleagues and the country that our DALZELL, try to shoot to pieces the flag we are bearing. And exports ·to Canada decreased from $20,800,000 in the 12 years they will go back to an honest, intelligent Democratic constitu­ that followed the treaty down to $15,200,000. ency and say to them, as they say to us, " I can not stomach Mr. DALZELL. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield for this measure because it is a Republican measure." . [Laughter.] a moment? ·276 OONGRESSION AL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 15,

' Mr. KITCHIN. Yes. loves the farmer. [Laughter and applause on the Democratic Mr. DALZELL. I want to say to the gentleman that the side.] Barbed wire, tin plates, galvanized iron or steel wire, figures I quoted and that are in my speech are not my and so forth, are put on tlle free list. They are made in Pitts­ figures-- burg, the home of my friend Mr. DALZELL. The tariff on port­ Mr. KITCHIN. I knew they were not. [Laughter.] That is able and traction engines, farming implements, knives and forks, what I said. cutlery, and so forth, are reduced. '.rbey are made in PittslJurg, Ir. DALZELL. They arc the figures of the deceased Senator the home of my friend Mr. DALZELL. And now he comes and op­ l\Iorrill, of Vermont. They were given by the Senator on the poses this measure because it is going to hurt the American floor· of tl10 Senate; and, as I think, the gentleman will find, if farmer. [Laughter and applause on the Democratic side.] · he takes tlle statistics furnished by the Bureau of Statistics, Well, well; did you ever in all your life, gentlemen? [Laugh­ they nrc borne out by the official statistics. ter.] :\fr. KITCHIN. I knew, Mr. Chairman, that with the sensi­ Let us see how this reciprocity measure is going to injure tiYeness of the American people now for truth and right, no the farmer from the standpoint of the gentleman and of Pitts­ man, though it be my friend from Pennsylvania, would admit burg. The tariff on farm wagons is reduced from 35 per cent the authorship of such fallacious and misleading figures. [Ap­ to 22 per cent; on feed crushers, field rollers, manure spread­ plnuse on the Democratic side.] He goes to the tomb and ers, from 45 per cent to 20 per cent; on cutlery, from over 70 attributes these statistical fallacies to an honored man who has per cent to 27-! per cent; on table knives and forks, scissors aud been in his grav-e for more than a decade. [Applause on the shears, from over 50 per cent to 27-i per cent; barbed wire and Democratic side.] If l\fr. Morrill gave the figures that the other wire for fencing go to the free list. If this bill pa.sscs, gentleman quotecl here to this House and incorporated in his the farmer may get his wire fencing a little cheaper; his speech, then Mr. Morrill was imposed upon by some greedy pro­ wagons and other farming implements a little cheaper; his cut­ tectionist and monopolist as badly as the gentleman from Penn­ lery, his kni>es and forks, a little cheaper; his salt, his lumber, sylvania was. [Applause on the Democratic side.] and many other articles he must have a little cheaper; and Why did the gentleman select only 1 year out of the 12 Pittsburg manufacturers may have to sell these articles a little yenrs of the treaty to show our imports from Canada? And cheaper. Therefore, my friends, it is the most natural thing why the year 1866, the year following the close of the Civil War? in the world for the gentleman from Pittsburg to ha>c appre­ An investigation would have shown him that our imports in that hensions that the farmer may thereby be seriously injured. year from all nations amounted to about $100,000,000 more than [Laughter and applause on the Democratic side.] No wonder in any previous year. He dared not give the House and the my fr1end is vigorously opposing this measure in behalf of the country another one of the 12 years while tho treaty was in farmer [laughter] and making for the first time in his life a pub­ force. Why did he not produce the statistics of our trade with lic confession of his love for the American farmer. [Laughter.] Canada for the years between the making of the treaty and the l\Iy friends, we have all observed that the sta.ndpat Republican breaking out of the Civil War and compare them with the is the one now who is loving the farmer the most; My friend same number of years before the treaty? Let me. say here from Pennsylvania shed more tears over the farmer in the last that, e-ven while that great war was raging and the fat~ of the two months, since reciprocity has been before Congress and the Union was in the balance, with the energies and industries of country, than all the insurgents on that side. [Laughter.] I our people halted and paralyzed, our exports to Canada were want to say that I am glad to see the insurgents now dancing more than her exports to us. [App1a'usc on the Democratic around the fires with the distinguished standpatter of Penn­ side.] sylvania, l\Ir. DALZELL, shouting hosannas and hallelujahs to I.et me give the House some accurate statistics compiled by the farmers. [Applause on the Democratic side.] I want to the Department of Commerce and Labor. For the four years say to him-- immediately preceding the treaty our exports to Canada were Mr. JAMES. And CANNON. $43,948,288, and for the four years immediately succeeding they Mr. KITCHIN. Oh, yes. It is a most delightful thing to see were $104,510,165. Our balance of trade for the four preceding my friends LENROOT, COOPER, NORRIS, l\IADrso~. LINDBERGH, and years was $21,492,000, while for the four succeeer Mr. h.""ITCHIN. Most assuredly. 1 $300,-000,000-nearly three times as much. The total trude be­ l\lr. COOPER. The gentleman has been saying much a.bout tween Canada and tlle United States for the 12 years preceding the necessity of accuracy of statement. I voted for tbe reci­ the treaty was less tllan $160,0()0,000, but for the 12 years during procity agreement, and I am going to vote for it again, and so its existence it was more than $550,000,000, and a balance of is the gentleman from Kansas [Mr. MADISON.] trade for every term of 2, 3, 4, 6, or 12 years was in favor of Mr. KITCHIN. Good! I commend your patriotism. American production and American manufacture. [.Applause.] l\Ir. J.A.l\IES. If the gentleman will permit, I woulcl like to My friends, the snme influences that arc :fighting this measure say that I think there are about three insurgents who nrn sup­ now forced then a RepulJlican Congress to terminate that porting the President's reciprocity bill. tren ty, not in the interest of American trade, not in the interest Mr. KITCIIIN. I am glad to hear that. We arc going to of international rigllt or justice, but in tho interest of protec­ get· them nll if they vote right. tiof1. and monopolistic greed. [Applause on the Democratic I llavc been here with my friend from Pennsylvania [Mr. side.] If this reciprocity measure fails to puss, either in this DALZELL] about 11 years, and I have heard llim so often, ancl I House or at the other encl of the Capitol, its defeat will be have heard him make many a tariff speech, but I never l.J.ea.rania [l\Ir. DALZELL] for the purpose of exacting tribute from the · farmer, but I do declared in his speecl1 that this reciprocity was against the not recall ever to llave heard him mention the farmer's name farmer and in the interest of the protected manufacturers. Oh, before. He is a new convert to the faTmer's rights. .A.nd when my friends, contemplate the phenomenal spectacle of the Hon. he made that speech last session his voice was broken nncl his JorrN DALZELL opposing any tariff measure that is in tlle interest cheeks wet with tears as he referred to the poor, down-troclclen of the protected manufacturers! [Laughter ancl applause on the farmer being sacrificed by the President. But, remembering Democratic side.] I ha-ve got as mucll credulity as any man in his past record, in tlle interest of the Steel Trust ancl the thi'S world, ancl just as much confidence in my friend from Penn­ other trust8, :md seeing the tears filling Ws eyes, a line of sylvania as any otller man has, I reckon [laughter], but to save poetry came to my mind that I used to see in one of the old my life I would strain my credulity to the breaking point if I 1 ~~ ders : . believecl he would oppose any measure that would be of ad­ Tears, idle tears, I know not whence nor why they come. vantage to the American manufacturers, when Pittsburg, his [Laughter.] home city, is the >ery citadel of protection. [Laughter and ap­ I do not mind his fooling himself and other Republicans into plause.] the belief that this reciprocity measure is in the interest of .A.ncl be it remembered that while he loves the farmer mighty the protected mnnufacturers of Pittsburg nnd Pennsylvania, goou, each and every one of the manufactured articles which thereby causing him to oppose it, but what I regret to see is this bill reduces or puts on the free list is made in the city of that he hns come over to our side, and even invaded the sacred Pittsburg, the home of the distinguished gentleman who now so Democratic soil of my own State and fooled some of us Demo- 1911. . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 277 crats. [Laughter ancl applause.] He declares his further op­ Vance and Ransom, Vest and Beck, as well as other Democratic position to the measure because it "compels the farmer to pro-. lenders in the Senate, did Yote against the so-called reciprocity clnce in a free-trauc market und to buy in a protected market." amendment of the McKinley bill. They-and, in view of his Wlly, gentlemen, if that would be its effect, and my friend interviews in the public press on this question, I wish the at­ DALZKLL conlu really convince himself of it, we would expect tention of my friend a11-d colleague from North Carolina [.Mr. hiru, in view of his public record, to be its strongest aclrncate. WEBn]-did denounce it as a " sham reciprocity." But they Thnt is his policy; that is what he has been advocating ever demanded real reciprocity with Canada and the countries south since he carue to Congress. The inspiration of his public life of us. Senator Gray, of Delaware, a distinguished Democratic llas been to enact tariff laws so that the American farmer, as Senator, offered an amendment to the McKinley bill provilling well ns tlie American laborer, the American doctor, the Amer­ for reciprocity with Canada und other countries of the Western ican lawyer, the .American mechanic, the American shopgirl, Hemisphere. This amendment received the solid Democratic the American consumer, of whatever avocation, shall be forced Yote of the Senate, while the solid Republican vote was cast to buy llere in tile highest protected tariff market of the world against it. Ransom and Vance were for it. Neither did any [applause on the Dcmocrntic side], while he lmows that the Democrat then nor did the Democratic platform of 1802, which prices for the products of American farmers .are fixed in the hos been garbled in support of the opposition to this bill, con­ frce-tracle markets, in competition with the farm products of demn reciprocity. eyery nation [applause on the Democratic side] ; and he further But both the Democratic Senators in 1890 and the platform knows that the labor of e>ery American citizen, in shop or of 1892 did denounce the Republican sham reciprocity of the field or mine or factory, is sold in the free open markets of McKinley bill. All good Democrats denounced it then, all good tlle world. [Applause on the Democratic side.] Talk about Democrats denounce it now, as a sham reciprocity. It failed, the free list and protected American .labor ! Why, e>erything ns every intelligent man knew it would, to widen the market for that an .American citizen wears, from his head to his feet, al­ a single American product. Instead of prodding for the free most eYerything the America,n citizen consumes or uses, is on entry of or the reduction of the tariff on importations, it gaYe tlw lligh tnriff li8t, while all tlle pauperized labor of all the the President power to increase the tariff, to put a tariff tax on countries on earth arc on the free list. [Applause on the Dcmo­ tea and coffee that were on the free list; on sugar tllat the bill cra tic sic.le.] itself hnd placed on the free list, if he should conclude coun­ He opposes a free list which gi>es the American farmer, the tries exporting such articles imposed unreasonable duties on American laborer, the American consumer some benefit, but is our products. in fa>or of a free list in labor which gives the Steel '!'rust, that Instead of a reduction, it Tested the President with the power employs tens of thousancls of foreigners, who can not speak tlle to increase taxes on American consumption. To show to my English language, and other protected trusts of Pittsburg and people that a vote against this measure is in harmony with Pennsylrnnia all the benefit. [Applause on the Democratic Democratic policies and a vote for it is un-Democratic, garbled side.] I commend to the House the reading of the gentleman's extracts from the Democratic platform of 1892 have been sent speech. As a. protectionist he proves too much. He shows con­ out from Washington to the press of my State. It may not be clusively that American manufacturers do not need protection. so interesting to gentlemen llere, but the people in my State He declares, and produces figures to sustain him, that American wish to know the trutl:}, and the whole h·uth, as to the Demo­ manufacturers of all kinds are .exporting to Canada, in the face cratic position on reciprocity. Let me read the :Qart of the of the Canadian tariff, in competition with Englund, though she platform which has been scattered throughout my Stnte as a has a preferential tariff rate against us, 50 per cent more of justification for opposing this bill: their products than do the British manufacturers. He coulu . We denounce tho s~am reciprocity which juggles with the people's de­ ha\e added that we are selling Canada; in spite of her tariff, sire for enlarged foreign markets and freer exchanges, etc. more manufactured products than all the nations of the world The preceding lines of the reciprocity plunk in that platform combined. It is inconcei>able to me how any intelligent man ha>e been omitted in the literature sent to my State. · cau contend that the American manufacturer needs a high Let me read that section in the platform as it is: tariff to protect him in our home market against British and SEC, 4. :.rrado iJ?.tcrchang7 on the basis of rcciprocnl advantages to the countries participating is a time-honored doctrine of the Democratic other foreign competition, when this same manufacturer is faith. ,but '!YO denounce the sh:im reciprocity which juggles with the sending his products to Canada, burdened with n tariff one­ people s desire for enlarged foreign markets and freer exchanges, etc. third heavier than British goods bear, ancl has actually cap­ You will observe that the three lines showing that reciprocity tured the Canadian market in competition with England anc.l is a " time-honored doctrine of the Democratic faith " is left all the other nations of the earth. If our manufacturers can out in this antireciprocity literature, and the extract is garbled compete and outsell England, with a preferential tariff in her from the midst of tlle sentence after the word " but," and makes favor, in Canada, it is absurd to say that we can not compete the platform to rend: "We denounce the sham reciprocity," and outsell her llcre, at our own doors, in the home market. and so forth. [Applause on the Democratic side.] I ha\e said, my friends, that this measure is a Democratic So, gentlemen, the Democratic platform of 1802 declares that policy. reciprocity is a "time-honored doctrine of the Democratic· I haYe referred to the fact that reciprocity was first urgcision; you have fooled plause on the Democratic side.] the farmer; you hn\e fed him on promises; and you ha>e done Mr. KITCHIN. Mr. Chairman, I wish now to take up one that for 25 years. Now you propose to feed bim on some new subject or phase of the pending question about which deception Tariff Board promises in U.ie hope to fool him some more. and humbugism have been pushed to the limit. I do not know [Laughter.] Mr. Taft further said, in a letter to Chairman a Democrat or a Republicnn who does not put his opposition to :McKINLEY, also published in this textbook, that he would nmke this measure upon the apparent ground that by removal of the recommendations as to revision or reduction of the tariff only tariff, as to Canada, on agriculturnl products, such as wheat, after his Tariff Board made its report either on the entire tar­ corn, barley, and other grain, cuttle and other live stock, the iff' or on any of the schedules. American farmer will be injured. Now, gentlemen, I believe Now, then, if the President was candid and sincere in not tbat I can show, not only to an intelligent farmer, but I believe desiring, for want of proper information or for other reason, that I can show to e>en a Member of this House, even a Repnb­ to touch the tariff until his Tariff Board reported, why is it lican Member [laughter], that this tariff on the farmer's prod­ that he sends to the Congress a reciprocity tariff measure that ucts-his wheat, his corn, his rye, his barley, bis hogs, his cat· affects more than 200 articles produced in this country not only tle, all of his live stock-is the most transparent deception that befoi'e his own Tariff Board reports but e>en before it bas mndo was ever perpetrated upon an honest people and that ever di~­ an investigation as to any of them? [Applause on the Demo· credited the statute books of an honest government. [Applause cratic side.] on the Democratic side.] Oh, do not tell me about your Tariff Board. [Laughter.] Mr. LA FOLLEY.rTE. Will the gentleman yield for a ques­ But the gentleman says the '.rariff Board does not agree with tion? the Presiclent. If the Tariff Board does not agree with the .Mr. KITCHIN. Why, most assuredly, my friend. Presiclent and with the standpatters for a protectirn tarif:t Mr. LA FOLLETTE. If you are correct in your surmises, policy, that Tariff Board is not going to last long, and Repub· why is it that wheat in Dakota is worth over 10 to 12 cents on licans will soon be clamoring for us to abolish the "blamed the bushel more than it is right across the line in Canada, with old" Tariff Bonrd. [Laughter.] Tariff boards are created by no difference in freight at all? protectionists, of protectionists1 and for protectionists, crea. ted Mr. KITCHIN. It is because there is absolutely no founda­ to promote protection and to obstruct ta.r.iff reform. tion for the truth of your statement [applause on the Demo­ Diel not the gentleman say that the Tariff Board had reportec.1 cratic side], and I am going to show you before I get through, against this reciprocity measure that reduces the tariff? It or else I am going to convict every Republican that bad charge certninly made no report and no investigation before the Presi­ of the statistical department of this Government for the last d2!lt sent his reciprocJ.ty message to the last Congress. But if 15 years of willfully deceiving the Americ:m public. [Applause it has since reported against reciprocity, it corroborates what I on tlle Democratic side.] said: Tariff boards nre made to preYent the reduction of the Mr. LA FOLLE'l'TE. Mr. Chairman, will the ~ gentleman tariff. [Laughter and applause on the Democratic side.] frirtber yield? I understand these insurgents in the West. Any man that Mr. KITCHIN. Yes, sir. did not have sympathy with the prec.licament in which the Mr. LA FOLLETTE. If you are right, why, then, has the insurgents of the agricultural West find themselves would not Tariff Bonrd reporteu thnt there i~ a difference of 10 cents? be possessed of the common virtues of a gentleman. [Laugh­ Mr. KITCHIN. The Tariff Board bas made no such report. ter.] Why, Mr. Chairman, there is not a single insurgent from But if it has, it is for the same reason that every Republican the West who could retain his seat here if the grain and live­ bas in advocating a tariff on the farmer's product, namely, in stock farmers of the West were convinced that this Repub­ order to fool the farmers in the West into voting the Repub­ lican tariff on their agricultural products was a fake _and a lican ticket, so that the trusts and protected interests can con­ humbug. What other appeal would you have to make' to the tinue to maintain the high tariff wall behind which to rob the !armer in Iowa or Wisconsin or Minnesota or Kansas or else­ American farmer and consumer. [Applause on the Democratic where if you should admit that the tariff on the farmer's side.] wheat, corn, liYe stock, and so forth, is a snare and a fake, as Mr. LENROOT. :Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? it is? [Laughter.] The very life and political existence of Mr. KITCHIN. Why, certainly. my friend LENROOT and of these other insurgents of the West :Mr. LENROOT. I want to ask the gentleman this question : depends on the fact that the farmer of the agricultural West Less than three months ago the gentlemen upon that side of the shall still be kept blind and deceived in the belief that the House opposed the creation of a tariff commission, on the ground tariff on his products causes him to get higher prices, and that that the members of that commission would be the creatures if the Democrats get into power they will remove the tariff on of President Taft. Does the gentleman think this board now his products and thereby bankrupt him. You have got to do is the creature of President Taft, when they have reported con­ that, for the very minute you admit-what we a.re going to trary to the views expressed by him? prove-that this duty of 25 cents a bushel on wheat and so Mr. KITCHIN. I h::t\e not seen the views expressed by him much on corn and rye and barley and cattle and other farm except in his message. But as to the Tariff Board. We took products is a delusion and a snare, kept there for the express the position on this floor that a tariff board was a cowardly purpose of deceiving your constituents into returning Repub­ subterfuge-that you Republicans tried to create a tariff board licans to Congress, you are undone. in order to delay the mandate and orders of 14,000,000 of Ameri­ Now, let us take wheat. Oh, yes; these insurgents and these can \Oters. [Applause on the Democratic side.] standpatters have been going about the rural districts of this And Mr. Tuft in a public letter or ·speech, published in the country, and especially in Iowa, and Illinois, and Wisconsin, Republican campaign textbook of 1910, substantiates that posi­ and Minnesota, and elsewhere out there in the West, telling tion. He declared to the people that the time to have revision the people, "Why, gentlemen, ·you just vote for a Democratic was after his Tariff Board had reported, and that it would take Representative and elect a Democratic Congress and President the balance of his term for it to accumulate proper data upon and he will go there and take the tariff off of your wheat, and which to make a report. But let me read from the Republican off of your corn, and oft of your barley, and off of your live textbook exactly what he said: stock, and just open these markets to the Canadian wheat and the Canadian corn and other Canadian products, and they will Now, I think it is utterly useless, as I think it would be greatly dis­ tressing to businessi to talk of another revision of the tariff during the flood our market and destroy the farming industry of the present Congress. should think that it would certainly take the rest country." of this administration to accumulate the data upon which a new and The farmer, being too busy and too tired to investigate him­ proper revision of !he tariff might be had. self, often takes your word for it and begins to fear: "Now, [Loud applause on the Democratic side.] here, we must keep the Democrats out, because if the Demo· 1911. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 279 crats get in up there in Washington, just as sure as anything tile South, to explain at length clearly something of the nature in this world they will take the tariff off of wheat and corn and of the labor that is employed in these mills of his State. all our stuff, because Mr. LENROOT says they will do it." [Laugh- ~Ir. KITCIDN. What State is the gentleman from? ier.] Why, gentlemen, I tell you it is absolutely inconceivable to ~Ir. FOCHT. PennsylYania. me that any intelligent farmer, or any intelligent mun, or even ~fr. KITCHIN. I assert that the labor of North Carolina n Hcpublican [laughter], can sit down quietly, without an office gets more for their work than 90 per cent of the labor in Penn­ sticking up before him, and consider the facts and then arise sylyania. from his study and say that this tariff on wheat, corn, barley, .Mr. FOCHT. I deny that. or other grain, or on cattle and live stock, affects in any way Mr. KITCHIN. The labor bulletins issued by the Republican ille prices that the farmer receives. You know, I know, and department here show that in Pennsylvania, in its coal mines, every farmer who is now undecei'v·ed by you knows that the in the iron mines, in tile steel works, and many other protected tariff on wheat and the farmers' products is absolutely bogus. iudnstries lnbor is paid less and works longer hours than in any He knows that the price for his wheat, his barley, his rye, and otl1cr Stnte in the United States. [Applause on the Democratic so fortlJ, us well as his live stock, is fixed not here in Americn, side.] l>nt in the open markets of the world, in competition with all l\Ir. FOCHT. I deny that, either on the farm, factory, or ti.Jc world. You know and I know that when we make in tllis anywhere. I would like to ask the gentleman to give us some country over n hundred million bushels of wheat more than the educational statistics. .American public consumes, that surplus is bound to overflow l\lr. KITCHIN. Wby, gentlemen, it never bothers me to hear n.nll go out into the markets of the world in competition with n Ilcpnblicnn repudiate the truth; that is a habit with them. tlle products of the serfs of Russia, the ryots of India, the [Laughter and applause.] fellnhs of Egypt to meet at LiYerpool and Lon.don the surplus l\Ir. FOCHT. Oh, you repudiate your debts even, in the wheat of the world from Cuna.du to India, and that surplus South. fixes the price not only abroad, but fixes the price in tlle Mr. KITCHIN. Here is an original bill that I hold in my Dakotas, in :Minnesota, in Illinois, in every other market of our hand, just handed me, an account with a coal miner, who country. If the surplus shipped abroad does not fix the price, recei\ed for 12 days' work in the mines of Pennsylvania the if the farmers of the Middle West or anywhere else in the coun- great and munificent sum, under the protective taritt of the try do not get as much for their 100,000,000 and more bushels Payne-Aldrich Act, $8.40. [Lond applause on the Democrn tic of surplus wheat abroad or their surplus of corn, barley, cattl.e, side.] and live stock, why, in the name of common sense, do they ship l\lr. FOCHT. He did not earn any more or be wou1cl lrnvc these products abronll when they can get a better price for them received it; they are paid by the ton. nt home? I can understand how a farmer who is a big enough Mr. KITCHIN. Now, gentlemen, let me return to this hogns fool to let you deceh·c him into the belief that this tariff is tariff on whent and other farm products, and show you whnt a helping him will sell his wheat and other stuff a~road for less humbug it is. than he could get right at 110me, but I am talkmg about the Mr. DAVIS of Minnesota. Will the gentleman yield? intelligent farmers. [Applause on the Democratic side.] The OH.AIRMAN. Does the gentleman from iTorth Cnrolina l\lr. LENROOT. Will the gentleman yield? . yield to the gentleman from Minnesota? The CHAIRMAN. Docs the gentleman from North Carolma l\Ir. KITCHIN. Ce,rtainly. yield to the gentleman from Wisconsin? Mr. DAVIS of Minnesota. I find that it is usual for men to Mr. KITCHIN. Why, certainly. give an opinion on subjects that pertnin to matters farthest Mr. LENROOT. Upon the same theory, will the gentleman from where they reside. be in favor of placing cotton manufactures of every description Mr. KITCHIN. In other words, upon subjects they know upon the free list, where there is also a surplus shipped abroad? nothing about. If so, I am going to yield to the gentleman an

Mr. KITCHIN. I do not know how much of that particular Mr. KITCHIN. I need not carry on any controversy with the kind has been exported to Liverpool or any other place. gentleman longer, because that statement is exactly contrary to .Mr. DAVIS of Minnesota. That particular grade. the statement that he made awhile ago to the effect that Minne­ 1Hr. KITCHIN. I will tell the gentleman this, that if that sota and Dakota grew a superior grade of wheat to that of particular grade is grown in India or in Russia or in Canada Canada or any other country. or elsewhere, then that particular grade in Canada or in India Mr. DAVIS of Minnesota. Not at all. or Russia brings the same price in the markets as the Minne­ l\Ir. KITCHIN. If the gentleman wants to make an amend­ sota and Dakota wheat. If there is any difference, which ment to it, I will accept his amendment and go ahead. some of the l\linnesota gentle.J:nen contend, in the Winnipeg and Mr. DAVIS of Minnesota. My statements are exactly alike. Duluth and l\linneapolis markets, it is on account of this l\Ir. KITCHIN. If there is the difference to which the gen­ superior quality of tlle Minneapolis and Duluth wheat, and not tleman refers in the price of wheat in Minnesota and in Can­ on account of the tariff, as I shall later show. ada, it is bound to be on account of the superiority of grade or Mr. DA VIS of .Minnesota. I will state this to the gentleman : of freight rates, or both. I again challenge gentlemen to pro­ No. 1 northern and No. 1 hard of Winnipeg is occasionally ex­ duce, now or hereafter in this debate, statistics from the de­ ported to Liverpool, but I would like to have the gentleman partment or quotations from any daily papers showing there show me where one bushel of No. 1 northern or No. 1 hard of was as much difference as 11 to 15 cents per bushel in the price the l\linnesota and Dakota wheat, of which we raise about of wheat of the same grade at Minneapolis and Winnipeg. I 200,000,000 bushels annually, was ever exported across the challenge you to show by the statistics of the department or water at all; and the reason is that there has been for the quotations from the press that there was as much difference in last 10 years a difference of from 11 to 15 cents a bushel be­ the price of wheat between the Minneapolis and Winnipeg mar­ tween the price in Canada and in North Dakota and Minnesota. kets as there was between the Minneapolis and the Chicago l\lr. KITCHIN. And that same difference­ markets. You will find, as I have found, and everyone will .lHr. DAVIS of Minnesota. Those are the facts. find, that wheat in Chicago, the great wheat market of this Mr. KITCIIIN. And that same difference, if it be, exists country, is from 2 to G cents less than wheat quoted in the between Nebrnska and Illinois and Kansas wheat? Winnipeg market and many other markets in Canada, and Mr. DAVIS of Minnesota. They do not ship the Minnesota higher in the Canadian market than in the Cincinnati, St. Louis, nncl Dakota wheat to those places. They manufacture it in and many other markets in this country. Minneapolis. - Mr. DAVIS of Minnesota. Will the gentleman permit-­ 1\Ir. KITCHIN. And Winnipeg-- Mr. KITCHIN. So if there is from 11 to 15 cents difference Mr. DAVIS of Minnesota. That goes to Liverpool because it between wheat at Winnipeg and :Minneapolis, there is a much is from 11 to 15 cents a bushel cheaper than it is right across greater difference between wheat at Minneapolis and Chicago. the line in the Dakotas. Do you want a tariff wall between Chicago and Minneapolis? Mr. KITCHIN. I am going to make a challenge to the [Laughter and applause on the Democratic side.] If the tariff, gentleman now. as you contend, makes the difference between wheat at Minne­ Mr. DA VIS of Minnesota. It is the same kind of wheat, too. apolis and Winnipeg, what makes the greater difference between Mr. KITCHIN. The gentleman can not find quotations in wheat at Minneapolis and Chicago? [Applause on the Demo­ any daily paper, published in Minneapolis or Duluth or else­ cratic side.] where in the United States, showing that wheat is 11 to 15 l\Ir. DAVIS of Minnesota. The Chicago market, let me inform cents higher in Minneapolis, or other point in the United States, the gentleman, is based upon sout:hern winter wheat and not than wheat of the same grade in Canada or other markets of upon Canadian northern No. 1 hard-- the world, exclusive of the difference in transportation charges. Mr. KI'l'CHIN. The South makes practically no wheat for Mr. DAVIS of Minnesota. I can show that for the last 10 the market. years absolutely from personal knl>wledge on that grade of l\Ir. DAVIS of Minnesota. I will give you some exact data wheat. from the record. Mr. KITCHIN. Does the gentleman want to make the point The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman yield? that in Minnesota and Dakota a superior grade of wheat is l\Ir. KITCHIN. I have not time to yield for that purpose. grown to that of any other country? 1\Ir. DAVIS of Minnesota. I thought tho gentleman wanted Mr. DAVIS of Minnesota. I do. information. l\Ir. KITCHIN. Then. that is the reason, if you have a l\Ir. KITCHIN. The gentleman can put it in his speech. Of superior grade to that of any other country, to that of Canada, course, I understand very rea00,000. Of rye, we exported $4, 700,781 to the American level, and that the American consumer does worth and we imported only $197 worth, or over 20,000 times not get the benefit of it? as much as we imported. Of oats, we exported $19,335,127 Mr. KITCHIN. Why, they make any kind of argument that worth and.imported $2,868,775 worth, or over 6 times as much is inconsistent and fallacious. [Laughter.] as we imported. Now, as to horses and cuttle. We exported in l\fr. SIMS. And according to that argument Canadian wheat the four years $124,042,692 worth of horses and imported, ex­ will immediately go up on the passage of this reciprocal trade clusive of horses for breeding purposes, only $4,089,831 worth, ngrcement-- or more than 30 times as much as we imported. Take cattle. 1\ir. DAVIS of Minnesota. And it did, and ours went down Our exports of cattle for the four years amounted to the large 10 or 11 cents. sum of $124,042,692, while our imports, exclusive of cattle for Mr. KITCHIN. Now, Mr. Chairman, I am going to approach brcecling purposes, amounted to only $4,089,831; that is, we ex­ the Canadian and foreign wheat ghost. Why, they tell us, . if ported, in competition with the cattle raisers of the world, more we remove the tariff the wheat of Canada and of the world is than 30 times as many as we imported. In addition to this we going to flow in to us. What is going to bring it here? Who exported over $125,000,000 of beef products. In the four years needs it here? Would not the wheat farmer of Canada, of we exported of hog products-hams, bacon, shoulders, pork, Argentina, and of Russia be the biggest fool in the world to try lard, and so forth-the enormous sum of $450,000,000, while we to ship his wheat here when we are alr(!ady producing more imported practically none. than 120,000,000 bushels more than we need, more than we can l\fr. Chairman, in the face of such facts, showing that we are sell here, more than the American public consumes, and which proclucing a surplus of such agricultural products far in excess we are yearly sending abroad, in grain and flour, to the markets of American consumption, far more than we can sell in the of the world? Why do we want their surplus? Who is going Unitecl States, which surplus must seek foreign markets in com­ to buy an article when he has got more of it than he needs and petition with the world, which markets, by the law of supply is trying to dispose of the surplus? Let us see about this im­ and demand, must fix the price both at home and abroad, it is mense wheat flood that is going to inundate the United States incredible to me that any intelligent, honest man will continue and that seems to alarm our friends so much. to insist that the tariff here on such farm products does or can Since the Statistical Abstract for lDlO is not yet published, I affect the prices. shall use the four years from 190G to 1!)09, both inclusive. Let But, it is asked, if the surplus shipped abroad fixes the price me remind my frightened friends that the total imports of wheat of the farmer's pro<:Iuct at home and it is unaffected by from all the world for these four years amounted in value to the tariff, why does not the surplus of manufactured products, only $6£>6,000, while we exported for the same years, in compe­ such as those of the meat packers and the United States Steel tition with Canada and all the other wheat-producing nations Corporation, shipped abroad, fix the home price, unaffected by of the earth, over $256,000,000 worth, and in addition to this 1.hc tariff? The answer is easy. If the farmers could com­ over $236,000,000 of flour made of American wheat. [Applause bine and organize in a tri:1st, such as the Meat Trust, the Steel on the Democratic side.] We produced that much more than Trust, and other trusts, thereby having the power to control we needed for home consumption, more than the American public the output, to say when, where, and how much should be could consume. In other words, we exported in this enormous put on the market and to fix the price, they could take ad­ surplus to the markets of the world in competition with Cana­ Tantage of the tariff and charge their purchasers in the home dian wheat, with Indian wheat, with Argentine wheat, with markc~ the world-market price plus the tariff. But, being so Russian wheat, 400 times as much wheat and o-ver 225 times as many m number and so diffused and scattered throughout the much flour as we imported from all the world. country, it is impossible for them to so combine and organize. And yet as against this stupendous amount-these hundreds of On the other hand, the meat packers, the steel, and many other millions of dollars of wheat sold abroad by us in competition manufacturing plants are so few in number and vast in in­ with the world at a better price than at home-these antireci­ fluence they can and do organize into trusts, control the output procity gentlemen are trying to scare the farmers to death with fix the price, hold up the American consumer to the world this little half million dollars of wheat imported here, perhaps price plul:? the tariff, and then sell their surplus abroad to the as seed wheat for the farmers. You can fool the Republican foreigners at the cheaper world-market price. farmers out in Wisconsin and Minnesota and other Western Mr. Chairman, I am anxious to expose, once and for all this States, but I just dare you to come down into North Carolina tariff fraud and deception that have been practiced o~ the where the intelligent farmers raise n little wheat and try such Arucric~n farmer, especially the farmer of the West, by the a poppy-cock argument on them. [Laughter.] Republican Party for the last third of a century. I ha-ve at­ Mr. JAMES. Will the gentleman yield? tempted to show by the logic and reason of the thing from the Mr. KITCHIN. I will. facts and statistics, that the tariff on the farmer's' products Mr. JAMES. If the argument made by our Republican wheat, rye, corn, barley, oats, cattle and live stock, and so forth' friends is true, that wheat sells for more here than it does in is absolutely bogus. I shall now undertake to sustain th~ Canada, and the farmer would be affected by free wheat, why proposition by authorities so high, respectively both in Demo­ was it that the American farmer shipped $256,000,000 worth of cratic and Republican opinion, that neither' Democrat nor wheat abroad and sold it there when he could have sol8,7tm, or nearly 100 times as much as we im- policy, this bill imposes various rates of duty upon certain important 282 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. APRIL 15, agricnltural products which it is well known could not be imported telling the truth when they said that this tariff was a genuine to any material extent with or without duty. For instance, corn is b ~ t th f Th l "" St t ill k th sabJQCted to a. duty of 15 cents a bushel; corn meal, 20 cents n bushel; Cilt.:.ut o e armer. e peop e 0.1. my a e W as· e oats. 15 cents per lmshel; rye, 10 cents per bushel; whent, 2G cents que&tlon: Who is right, "Zeb" Vance or these antireciprocity per bushel; wheat flour, 25 per cent ad valorem, etc. Democrats? I yenture the statement that whene\el" you see a .., • • .., • • • good Democrat against this reciprocity bill you must scratch a We produce a great surplus of n11 these articles and many others l"ttl d th i· st k ~ every year, whicll we are compelled to send abroad and sell in the free 1 c eeper an corn, rye, bar1 ey, oats, ive · oc , nn.ts and provisions, of this tariff frnud. It is unjnst to the Democratic Party, un­ wc are such large exporters, and must continue to be such large ex- j t t •t d it t • t t t D ts lik B k porters, that any dutf~s upon them are useless for protection and fruit- us o 1 s recor ; lS UilJUS O gren emocrn e cc ' le1<::1 for revenue, and generaUy can only be imposed for the pnrpose of VeRt, Carlisle, McUilHn, Wilson, Ransom, and Vance for Dcmo­ lng fnlly sup- qnote from one gcnt1emnn in ~ .,.orth Cnrolinn, Jlving to-clny, plied the home mnrket:, must overflow and seek large purcha e9 else- and who lms tbc confidence of thousnnds of Democrats in the where, the only cl!cct of a protective tarit:r is to take trom one-fourth to one-lrnlt of the products for which they could exchange their surplus Stnte, ancl whose opinion upon thlFJ question of the tariff on slrnnld they ventnrn to buy in the market where the~ are obliged to tllc farmer's proell. •tt · d Ith th I · d t gth If Senators will turn to the wheat importation, to which we shall tiYC comm1 ee was i:;o lmprcssc w c og1c :in s rcn come dlrectly, which wns manufactured on the same frnucluient basis of his argument that it sent ont through the State as n cam­ to impose upon the fnrmcrs, it will be found that we exported in 1880 paign document many thousarnl copies of this speech. I want 4G.OOO,OOO bushels of wheat nnd imported l 008. · f · d f S t S b ,~ i N th C II t This whole schedule-the agricultura.I schcdule-m::ulc to allure the e~cry rien o ena or • onro. s ere anu n or aro nn o farmer into the belie! th.'.!t it ls for his protection, ts manufactured in read that speech. Permit me to read a pnrt of it. to which I the 11nmc way nnd !or the s:i.me purpose. cnll the especial attention of my State colleagues: s~nntot· Beck, Senator Vest, ~fr. Carlisle, Ur. Wilson, and The truth is, the wllolc Ilepubllcan argument that tarttr regulates the all the Democratic Je:iuers denounced it as fraud and. liumbug. price of farm products ll'! utterly false. Every corn ancl wheat ancl cot- ton farmer knows that the price of tbcs~ crops is regulated by the laws I want now to call the attention of the House, and especially of snpply and demand, th.at we export of these crops from one-fifth to the attention of my Stntc colleagues to the opinion of Senator onc-thfr!l ot nll we produce, nnil that the price of the whole crop Is Zeb Vance, North Cnrolina•s great commoner, n•hosc public li'fe rl'~htcd by the price which the snrplnR lJrlngR in the foreign markets. " Th" cotton onrl corn an1l wheat farmer lrnows that the lmlk o! thnt pnrt to this day is, and I trust will en~T be, the inspiration of its of his crop which be cloes not sell at home for home consumption is Democracy. In a speech fn the Senate he said: pm·chasell for shipment nlJroacl, anu the purcllaser docs not pay bim nny mc;rc tllnn it wlll brln~ when oold abroad. Now, sir, here are three grent classes of producers of our country- • ., ,, o:i • • * the agrlculturhrts, the miners, and the manufacturers-and they have Our chief raw materials arc cotton. corn, wheat, and other products made this compact-or, at lenst, it has been made for them-that the of the form which cnn not be bcnefltc<'.1 by protection, bec::inse we export tJucs nre to be lcvlecl upon the articles made by the manufacturer for i I tit" their "encouragement" and "protection" against competition; and them n nrgc quan ies. taxes have been levied upon articles thnt compete with the miners Tllnt was 1\fr. Snuro.-s's carctnlJy preparecJ, carefully wrlt­ who dig ores ot Iron nnd conl and everything or that lrinll from the ten, antl carefully dcll\ereicd npon the wheat, and the corn, and the oats, nn

Mr. GUDGER. I ha\e bnd the l'H'ivilege of franking ever Mr. GARDNER of Massacllusetts. Do I understand yeu to since I was electeu to Congress. indude wheat? 1\Ir. KITCHIN. And wllat was the gentleman's question? Mr. KITCHIN. You included flour. Wlrnt do you make flour Ur. GUDGER. I asked the gentleman if he dO()S not think it out of? I will include wlleat. R eread your speech and you will woul(l be fairer to 11 11 111e tlle men who are sending out Senator­ find whe:1t included and discusseu. Ruu10Ns 's speech ratller tlrnn to lea\"e t11e reflection upon all of Mr. GARDNER of Mnssachusetts. It w,as not there. Naval us from Nortll Carolina wllo are oppo::;ing reciprocity? vessels do not buy wheat for their crews. That chart showed Mr. KITCHIN. I presume tllat the gentleman wllo made that tlle actual prkes paid by the nani.l training ship Ranger for spee<:h is seuding it out. [Laugllter.J its crew. Mr. Gu DGJr,H. Tlicn wlly does not the gentlern:rn imy s0? Mr. KITCHIN. Did you not then proYe or try to prove, and l\Jr. KI1'CHIN. Rut it is unparliamentary to say so in tllis clitl you not assert, that the prices of farm products were bo

But Canada wants our market here for her other products, implements, n.nd so forth. I said to the House then that the and these products the American pubHc wishes to buy. She Republicans were not since1:c in demanding that meat products produces lumber,.. shingles, laths. The American farmer does and other food p1;oducts should be placed on the free list, be­ not. She produces wood pulp and paper. The .American farmer en. use there had been bills introduced by Republicans pending docs not. She produces coal, copper, asbestos, nickel- ore. The before the Republican Ways and Means Committee for six American farmer does not. Canada's great exports to us con­ months, putting flour, meat, and other food products on the sist of lumber, shingles, latlls, ·lumber ancl timber products, free list, and that neither Mr. DALZELL nor any other Repub­ wood pulp, paper, copper, nickel ore, and other mineral products, lican on that committee hud voted to bring out any such bill. fish, and chemicals, none of 'vhlch our farmer produces, and [Applause on the Democratic side.] many of which he must hn:rn. Wlmt Canadn. wants is a removal I remind Republicans, and especially the gentleman from or lowering of our tariff \vn.lls against these products which Pennsylvania, l\Ir. DALZELL, thnt we hnve put in our free-list her people wish to sell us, and the romoval and lowering of bill e-very single article that was contained in his motion to re­ her tariff walls ag!l.inst our products which her people wish commit. [Applause.] And I say to the gentlemnn that we are to buy and which we wish to sell. She wants reciprocity and going to expose him when he votes against that free-list bill as we want reciprocity, so that she can sell us these products and the most consummate-- with her increased snles from them buy from us more of our Severn! MEMBERS. State· it. horses, cattle, grain, vegetabl.es, fruits, cotton, tobacco, pennuts, Mr. KITCHIN. Lover of the farmer in the United States. and other agricultural and manufactured products, which she [Laughter.] needs. The gentleman from Pennsylvania is going to love the farmer This measure gives the farmer of Iowa, Wisconsin, Minnesota, so good that he is going to vote against e>erything that we Kansas, the Dakotas, Nebmska, and other Western and bor<.Ier have on the free list for the farmer. [Laughter.] S~ates cheaper lumber, cheaper shingles. It gi>es him cheaper . l\1r. DAVIS of Minnesota.. Will the gentleman yield? w1re for fencing. It gives him cheaper salt, cheaper wngons, The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentleman from North Carolina and many other articles he must lmvc. It is inconceimb1e to yield to the gentleman from Minnesota? me how any Member on this floor, es11ecin.lly from the West Mr. KITCHIN. Why, yes. w~o claims to be the friend of the farmer, can fail to vote fo1: Mr. DA"."IS of Uinnesotn. If you have a bill containing the this measure that provides some i~elief at least from the trusts sru:ne items that are contained in the motion of the gentleman who are yearly plundering the farmers. But in order to stand from Pennsyl\aniu to recommit, why did you vote against that by the Lumber Trust and lumber kings, .the Paper Trust, the motion? Steel Trust, the Salt Trust, and all tlle trusts ::incl special inter­ Ur. KITCHIN. Becn.use the motion was not made in sin­ ests, on whose .products the tariff is either removed or lowered cerity. The gentleman from Pennsylv::mia knew and the gen­ by this bill, the R~publicans, inslU'geuts und standpatters nlike, tleman from Minnesota knew tlu1t it was made to defeat "!1flder .the leadership of Mr. CANNON and l\1r. DALZELL, are fight­ reciprocity; knew it never could become a law with that in it. mg ~las m.easure under the flimsy pretext and excuse that reci­ Roth knew th.nt reciprocity and the gentleman's free-list items p~·oc1ty will hurt the farmei:. [Applause on the Democratic wonld be defeated. Now, if you are in favor of removing the Slclc.] tariff1 on those articles, we arc going to give an opportunity to l\1r. LENROOT. Will the gentleman yield? test your sincerity. [Applause.] l\Ir. KITCHIN. Certainly. l\fr. DAVIS of l\finncsotn. Let me finish this question... You Mr. LENROOT. :r11ere nre many ~:m this side who are wiHing say that it. was put on there insincerely for the purpose of· de­ to vote to amend this treaty by placmg every trust-made article fenting the treaty? upon the free list. .Are you? l\Ir. KITCHIN. Yes; and tlle gentleman from :Michigan iMr. Mr. KITCHJN. I am in fa·vor of placing these · trust-made FonDNEY] was candid enough in his speecll to say that it was articles on the fr~ list, and I .am going to >ote for it, and if you <.Ione for that very purpose. I do not know whether a Repub­ axe hor;.es~ and smce1:e nbout it we Democrats are going to give lican wm tell the truth about such matters; the gentle.mun yon, w1thm the next few days, an opportunity to vote f-or such knows better than I do. [Ln.ughter.] a bill, without amending and thereby jeopardizing this or' any Mr. DA. VIS of 1\.IinncS-Otu. Did the gentleman ever know of other good measure. [Prolonged upplause on the Democratic a .. tentative reciprocity trcuty being changed by nn amendment side.] put on it? .M:r. UNDERWOOD. Mr. Chairman, if the gentleman will l\fr. KITCHIN. Oh, tlieue is no use discussing nnything of yield, I wish to cn.11 the attention of the gentleman from ·wis­ tllat sort. consin [Mr. LENROOT] to the fact that, although we are unable Mr. DAVIS of :Minnesota. I will assert from my knowledge to change n. pact made by the two Governments, the Democratic that there ne~cr was one defeated. I w:mted to say that I Party have reported this bill to the House with a third 8ection voted for tlle motion of the gentJemnn from Pennsyh·n.nia sin­ added, whlch inYites tlle President of the United States to put cer~ly, and I shall vote for it again. [Applause.] every article on the free list between this country and Canada. Mr. h'"ITCHIN. The gentleman voted for it because · he [Applause on the Democratic side.] wanted to kill it. Mr. KITCHIN. All, onr Republican friends nre anxious nlJout Mr. DAVIS of l\finncsota. No, sir. I voted for it absolutely the free list, nnd those most anxious to get it now arc tllosc nnd sincerely. who llereto:fore llave been most vigorously opposed to n. free :Mr. KITCHIN. I am glad the gentleman is. the only man list. [Applause on the Democratic side.] I observe, to.o, that tbnt was fooled by the motion. [Laughter.] those who now seem most earnest for a free list for tlle farmer l\Ir. DAVIS of Minnesota. I voted for it in tlle interest of the are the strongest opponents of this bill, ancl are trying the consumers. hardest to put something onto it which they hope will defoat Mr. J.A...i\IES. Wi11 the gentleman yield? both reciprocity and the free list, in the House or in t.he Senn. te. l\Ir. KITCHIN. Certainly. Let us sec about the free list. I ho1d here the free-1ist bill ~Ir . •JAMES. I want to sllow to the House how bnc11y fooled which we ha\e introduced. 'Vhat

Mr. U:~l)ERWOOD. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman from l\lr. KITCHIN. Now, please sit down. [Laughter.] Let mo North Carolina yield? get through. ~lr. KITCHIN. Certainly. Mr. DAVIS of Minnesota. Does the gentleman refuse to yield Mr. UNDERWOOD. I will state that I asked the President for a question? of the United States himself why it was not put on the free list, Mr. KITCHIN. Let me get through this-- when cattle were put on the free list, and the President stated 1\Ir. DAVIS of .Minnesota. It is on North Carolina lumber. to me that he wanted to put meat on the free list, but the Cana­ .Mr. KITCHIN. Oh, all right. Go ahead. dian commissioners refused to do so. [Applause· on the Demo­ l\lr. DAVIS of Minnesota. Did the gentleman have an oppor­ crn tic side.] tnni ty to vote for free lumber during the enactment of the ~lr. DAVIS of Minnesota. I understood the President said Payne-Aldrich bill? tll:.,, and the public interviews showed that he was in favor of .Mr. KITCHIN. Yes; and I 'roted for it. making absolute free trade between Canada and the United Mr. DA VIS of Minnesota. So did I. States, aud they objected to that, but that he did not specifically Mr. KITCHIN. , Two good patriots! [Laughter.] deny or stnte that they objected to meat alone. Mr. DA. VIS of l\finnesota. How about the balance of the Mr. UNDERWOOD. I am not talking about an interview; North Carolina delegation? I am stating what the President of· the United States said to l\Ir. KITCHIN. Well, boys, I am almost ashamed to say. rue, and I will assure the gentleman that if he will go to tlle [Prolonged laughter.] White House this afternoon the President will so state to him. .Mr. DAVIS of Minnesota. How· about the 38 Members more Mr. HILL. It is entirely fair to supplement the statement on the Democratic side? How did they vote on free lumber? of the gentleman from Alabama that in making the reciprocity Mr. KITCHIN. They voted mighty, mighty bad. [Laughter.] treaty Canada yielded on fresh meats seven times as much as All right; now the gentleman is asking me a question, and let the United States did in order to get together. me ask some. Mr. JAMES. Will the gentleman from North Carolina yield~ l\lr. DAVIS of Minnesota. And did they not defeat free .Mr. KITCHIN. Certainly. lumber? Mr. JAMES. I want to ask if the gentleman from Minne­ l\fr. KITCHIN. Yes; with the aid of an almost solid vote on sota will persist in the statement that he will again 'rote for that side. I never have said that all Democrats were at all the motion made by the gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. times and under all circumstances good patriots. [Laughter.] DALZELL] 'I I hnYe often said there are a few Democrats as bad sometimes l\lr. DA VIS of Minnesota. For the purpose of putting those as most Republicans are all the time. [Laughter.] Now, you items on the free list I will vote every time to put them on the ask me why a little minority of 38 Democrats (there were only free list, no matter in what form they appear. 32, as I recall) voted against free lumber. Let me ask you, Mr. KITCHIN. Mr. Chairman, I would regret to see any why did over 75 per cent of you Republicans over there vote Democrat, in the face of Democratic policies, in the face of against free lumber? More than 75 per cent of the Democrats Democratic pledges to honestly revise the tariff downward, in voted squarely with the platform for the removal of the duty the very teeth of a s11ecific demand of the Democratic platform on lumber, and 75 per cent, yes, 85 per cent, of you Republic::rns that the tariff on lumber, on wood pulp, on print paper shoul<.1 Yoted with tlle Lumber Trust, the timber kings, to keep it on be removed, enroll himse1f among the opponents of this meas­ [applause on the Democratic side]; and yet you ask me how a ure. It · is in line with reciprocity policies, as I ha Ye shown little minority on our side voted. you which ha're been pursued and indorsed and advocated by l\Ir. Chairman, the proof that the tariff on ngricnltura1 prod­ De~ocrats for GO years. It goes further. It incorporates in ucts, which is removed by this bill, is a shnm, is so clenr and it, in part, the express declaration of the Democratic platform overwhelming that it will sweep the intelligent mind to convic­ in favor of free print paper and free wood pulp and free lumber. tion in spite of itself. We underrate the good sense and intelli­ I can· not see how any Democrat can vote against it unless that gence of the American farmer if we delude ourselves into the ·Democrat wants to vote either for the Lumber Trust, th~ Salt belief that we can vote against this bill in the interest of the Trust the Farming Implement Trust, or the Wood Pulp and timber kings, the Paper Trust, Steel Trust, and other trusts, and Print' Paper Trust, or the Steel Trust, or the mica producer, on tllen plead to him the excuse that we did so because it removed, whose products the tariff is either removed or reduced in th~ as to Canada, the tariff on his products. He knows thnt such interest of the American consumer. a tariff is a fake. He knows that it does not and can not affect Mr. LA FOLLETTE. I want to ask the gentleman if he is the price of his products. He knows that each year his prod­ talking to that side of the House on the reciprocity measure or ucts go out into the markets of the world in competition with the measure that he is talking of introducing? the world, and the price .at home and abroad is fixed by the Mr. KITCHIN. Oh, if the gentleman has not intelligence world's market. He knows that what he needs is not the reten­ enough to know what an intelligent gentleman is talking about, tion of a fake tariff on what he sells, but a removal or reduc­ I can not take up time explaining to the gentleman. [Laugh­ tion of the real tariff on what he buys. He knows, or will find ter.] I will have to refuse to yield further to the gentleman. out, that this bill, among other things, puts salt, rough lumber, I am going to quit you and let yon take a second thought. barbed wire and other wire for fencing on the free list; that it [Laughter.] reduces the tariff on cutlery from over 70 per cent to 27' per Mr. LA FOLLETTE. We11, I want to ask another question. cent; on scissors and shears and knives and forks from over Mr. KITCHIN. Well, then, quick. 50 per cent to 271 per cent; on clocks and watches from over 40 Mr. LA FOLLETTE. In talking about that yon ask them per cent to 27! per cent. Ile knows, or will find out, that it about free lumber. I want to say this does not put lumber on reduces the tariff on farm wagons from 35 per cent to 22 per the free list . cent; on feed cutters, crushers, field rollers and manure spread­ .Mr. KITCHIN. It puts rough lumber on the free list, and ers from 45 per cent to 20 per cent; that it reduces the tariff on thus makes a reduction on every kind of lumber, whether rough shingles, laths, and many other articles which he must buy. or planed, of from $1 to $1.25 a thousand feet. Docs not that He Jmows, or will find out, that because of this removal or help your farmers out in North Dakota? reduction of the tariff on these articles the Lumber Trust Mr. LA FOLLETTE. I am from Washington. and timber syndicates of the West, the Salt Trust, the Steel Mr. KITCHIN. Ob, you are from Washington! Oh, I see Trust, the Farming Implement Trust, the Watch Trust, and why the gentleman is· against it. Washington! [Laughter.] all the other h·usts whose articles arc reduced arc " raising The home of timber kings and lumber trusts! There are four hea'ren and earth" to defeat this bill. He knows that those men in the State of Washington who, with their companies, own on this floor who have heretofore been supposecl to be the most more standing timber than there is pine timber in the whole friendly "to the trusts and the special interests are the most 13 Southern States! Lumber h·usts, lumber kings, :frpm Wash­ 'rigorous opponents of this measure. When you vote agaiust ington; certainly; certainly I [Prolonged applause and laugh­ this bill and go back to your district, the farmer, whom you · ter.] hope to delude, will be the first to ask, Why did you Yote in - Wily, no wonder that a shrewd, smart Republican can fool a the interest of the Salt Trust against rerno,al of the tnx on ~a 1t? busv farmer when that gentleman oyer there came Yery nearly He will ask you, Why did you vote in the interest of the Lum­ fooling me. [Laughter.] Why; ·be looked so sincere and so ber Trust and timber syndicates against putting rougll lum­ candid and so meek when he was talking about the tariff on the ber on the free list and against reducing the tax on shingles farmer's wheat that I rea11y thought he was even fooled into the and laths? W.hat are you going to tell him? He is going to belief that a tariff helped the farmer, and now I see back behind ask you, Why did you vote with the Steel Trust and olhcr him old man Weyerhaeuser, who and whose companies own Representatives on this floor against putting barbed wire :md more lumber than all of the standing timber in all of the South­ other wire for fencing on the free list and against a redndion ern States. [Applause and laughter.] of the tax on cutlery, scissors and shears, and knives and forkR? .Mr. DA. VIS of Minnesota rose. What answer will you, what answer can you, give? He will 1911. CONGRESSIONAL. . RECORD-HOUSE. want to know why you voted with tlle Watch Trust· against kings of the West, who own and control over 80 per cent of the the reduction of the tariff tax on watches n.nd clocks. He is ,standing timber of the United States. They have organized the certainly going to ask you why you voted in the interest of the protected forces against it, and, pretending great anxiety for the Funning Implement Trust against u reduction of the tax on agricultural interests, have had the shrewdness to play upon wagons, feed cutters, grain crushers, field rollers, und manure the fears and to ularm some of the farmers against it. spreaders? Whnt will be your answer? Are you going to have My friend from Washington [l\fr. LA FOLLETTE] came near the cheek to put up the .old, stale, fake plea of a "tariff on the fooling this whole House in the belief that he wns anxious about farmer's products"? Are you going to discredit his- intelli­ the farmer, and then we happened to find out about those old gence by trying to fool him again about a tariff on wheat, corn, lumber kings out there in Washington. rye, cattle, and so forth? Why, gentlemen, he will laugh in your Mr. LA. FOLLETTE rose. face. The trusts and special interests must furnish you a better The CHAIRMAN. Will the gentleman from North Carolina plen. yield to the gentleman from Washington? There is another gentleman in your district who is interested l\:!r. KITCHIN. Certainly. in tl1is bill and who is going to ask you some questions. The Mr. LA. FOLLETTE. I would like to ask you what I said laboring man knows that this bill puts fish on the free list; or what led you to believo that I was speaking in favor of the thnt it reduces the tax on flour from-at the present prices~ lumbermen? $1.15 per barrel to GO cents per barrel; that it reduces the tax Mr. KITCHIN. Oh, the lumbermen, who havo a real kceu on bacon and hams from 4 cents to li cents per pound, on and shrewd advocate on this floor, will not lot him talk lumber. shoulders, sides, salted pork, and beef and dried anc.1 smoked He must talk wheat and vote lumber. [Laughter and applause.] meats from 25 per cent to l;f cents per pound; that it removes Mr. LA. FOLLETTE. Do you decline to answer my question? the tax on butter nnd cheese. He knows, or will flnc decetved themselves into the belief that a sufficient excuse isfy him. to their rural constituents is tlle assertion that it is in the Still another gentleman in your district will have some ques­ interest of the American protected manufacturers, that the tions to put to you. The editor of the country weekly paper, Arnencan Protective Tariff Le:igue, the lobbying organization us well as the city daily, knows that this bill puts on the free of the manufacturers and trusts, docs not take the same view. llst Frint paper; that it loosens the grip which the Interna­ There are no smarter fellows than the members of this league. tional Paper Co., known as the Paper Trust, has on the throats They know wl1nt they wunt. They know whether this bill will of the tens of thousands of newspaper owners throughout the help or hurt the protected interests. They are waging o. most country. He is going to ask you why you \Oted in the interest active and vigorous campaign against it. of the Paper Trust against removing the tnx on print paper. Let me .read from an Indiana paper, the Daily Sun: Aners of. Congress. On the back of the card is a. request that we " co.. My friends, the humor of some of tho opponents of this bill, opcraio and llelp defeat the Canadian reciprocity l>ill." both on this side of the Chamber as well us on that, is most de­ I llavc hm·o one of the postal cards referred to in this paper, liglltful. They sny that they oppose it because it is in the in­ sent out by the league to a voter and by the voter to his Rep­ terest of the trusts and the protected manufacturers. It seems resentative. The league is plnying the same old gnme of fool­ never to have occurred to t:IJ.em that if this bill is in the interest ing the farmer. It recognizes tl1e fact, as Republicans here do, of tho trusts and manufacturers thn.t the ex-Speaker [Mr. CAN­ that unless tbe .American farmers can be kept deluded as to NO:N], the gentleman from Pennsylvania. [l\fr. DALZELL], the gen­ protection on his products the manufacturers n.nd trusts can not tleman from Michigan [Mr. FoiIDNEY], instead of leading the hope to got his T'Otc for protection to them. opposition, would be the strongest advocates of this measure in 1Let me read two of the several " whereases" on the address this body. And they say that Canada does not ship to us any side of the card : wire fencing or cutlery or wagons or meat products or other Whereas, In our judgment, the Canadian reciprocity agreement is a manufactured articles. But why? Because our tariff wall is gross violation of the policy of protection, in that it unfairly sncrilices too -high. This bill proposes to lower it. The manufacturers tho interests of .American agriculture. and trusts are figl1ting it. The Armour-Swift-J.\forris ·combine How am::ious anu how alarmed are these organized plun­ know that with the Canadian tariff on our hogs, cuttle, and derers of the f:i-rmer over the " sacrificing of the interests of other live stock removed, und our tariff on beef and meat prod­ American agriculture " by this bill ! ucts removed or reduced, that English and Canadian capital will But the next "whereas" exposes the grounds for such anxiety establish in Canada larger meat-packing pln.nts, ane Ta.rm League is unalterably opposed to the adoption of the Cnnadian tariff agreement. and ur~es dian and English capital and, perhaps .American capital, of com­ that all friends of protection bring to bear every proJ.>er intluence upon peting plants across the line in Canada. the Congress of the United States ago.inst the adoption of said agree­ Mr. Cho.irID!ln, we know that the positive, organized opposi­ m®~ - tion against reciprocity is not the. American farmer, but the In the face of that resolution of the American Protective American protected monopolist. [Applause on the Democratic Tariff Len.gue, what Democrat or Republican will hn·rn the au­ side.] dacity, here or at home, to oO:er n.s an ex:cuso for voting ugaiust Every Democrat and every Republican on this floor knows this bill that it was in the interest of the trusts and manu­ that the two great organizing forces behind the opposition at'e fa.cturers? Gentlemen, if I had rua

bill and against the demands f the American Protective Tariff ·Mr. HINDS. I will cooperate with the gentleman to secure League. [Applause on the Democratic side.] that privilege. Mr. Chairman, I desire to offer apologies for consuming so The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection? much time. If, however, my good Republican friends had not Mr. CLARK of Florida. .Mr. Chairman, I object. interrupted me so often, I would have finished long ago. Be­ l\Ir. HI1'."'DS. Mr. Chairman, I can not remove from my mind fore concluding, I wish to express regret that it became neces­ the firm conviction that the policy proposed in this bill is of an sary in this debate-a necessity anticipated because of the importance out of all proportion to the scantiness of the investi­ character of the discussion at the last session .and the minority gation which has preceded it. The farmers of this Nation are report of the Republicans-in advocating reciprocity with Can­ more than a third of its people, and whatsoever affects the ada by whi.ch freer intercourse between the two peoples should basis of their industries affects all. I know how bard it is to be established, to de cend to the low le-rel of bushels, and bring the realization of this fact borne to those who dwell in pounds, and yards anu feet, and dollars and cents. great cities, especially to those who control stupendous indus­ . But in the minority report and in the speeches last 8ession of trial and commercial interests, besides which a farm of 150 the opposition they gave notice of the ground upon which they acres seems an inconsiderable enterprise. Even the great in­ would give battle, and that impelled me to meet nnd refute their tellect of Horace Greeley succumbed to the prevailing de­ sordid arguments. I wish in this debate we could raise the lusion, if we may credit the statement of the brilliant eulogist question to a broader and higher and more patriotic plane. of Lincoln who said that Horace Greeley thought himself a There is no more reason why a tariff wall should be maintained bigger man than Abraham Lincoln because he lived in a bigger between this country and Canada, stretching 3,000 miles, than town. But I am convinced that if the dwellers in cities will there should be between the State of Pennsylvania and the look below the surface of this question they will see that it does State of New York. The people of Canada are our people. We not concern the farmer alone. If in what I nm to say I shall are of the same blood. We ha·rn the same ancestry. Hundreds of seem to speak of him entirely, it is because his industry is at thousands of American citizens have crossed the line and made the foundation of our pros11erity, nnd in speaking of him I spenk homes there. They have our institutions. They ha-re our aspirn­ of all. The rlwe1lers in cities can not disassociate their interest tions; they have our inspirations. They hnYe the snme thrift and from that of the farmers. Diminish the purchasing power of industry. . We allow them to cross any part of the 3,000 miles of the American farmer nnd you diminish by so much the pros­ the imaginary dividing line with their wives and children and perity of e\·ery city and of eYery laborer, clerk, merchant, and friends; foreigner or native, they come or go anywhere in America; banker within its limits. but just as soon as one of them takes a chicken, a horse, a bushel A hundred and twenty-fiye yenrs a~o, when our fathers were of wheat, any property the prouuct of the mine, the farm, or the first agitating the question of a tnriff, the New York Chamber factory, the law steps in and penalizes him-taxes his people and of Commerce reminded the opposi!1g farmers that agriculture our people. This is a cruel injustice and wrong to both people, could not flourish without commerce. To-day the merchant and which this bill partly remedies. When we bind togetller that manufacturer may well be remirnlcd that commerce and manu­ country with this, not with the cords of entangling treaties and factures are not likely to flourish without a successful agri­ alliances, but with the stronger ties of mutual intercourse and culture. commerce, we form a bond of such strength that human power TIIE QCESTIO!i TO BE ARGUED O:-< BROAD NATIONAL GROUNDS. can not break it asunder. I want the comradeship and lo>e and peace of Canada for onr people. They want and need ours. The question is too great and important to be argued on any­ When we have joined these two together in bonds of commercial thing but brond national grounds. Grievously ns this bill affects interest and intercourse-and I hope this will lead to absolute inclustries of the Stnte of Maine, I am not here to argue that it free trade between the two cquntries-then in the future, when affects l\1aiile more thnn it affects e\•ery other State in the our peace, our happiness, our safety, our commerce are threat­ North or in the South, in the Enst or in the West. In Maine ened, as in the days of the Re-rolution there came up from we !::('e more clearly because we are nearer the conditions, but South Carolina the cry, "The cause of Boston is the cause of if the gentlemen of the Democratic Party succeed in carrying all," so there will come up from every Canadian throat, from this bill through this House and this Congress, its ultimate Columbia to Quebec, "The cause of the United States is the effects on the economic and social life of this Nation must be cause of all." She will realize that what affects our peace will such that Maine will be neither the loudest nor the most incon­ affect her peace; what will affect our commerce will affect her solable in her lamentations. commerce; what will affect our safety will affect her safety. I do not mean to sny by this that the chnl1enges which are EYery instinct of self-preservation, every sentiment of pence, of ringing out from the States bordering on Cannda are to be prosperity, and of happiness will impel her sympathies and her disregarded. When the sentries on the picket line begin to good offices to our side. challenge and fire it behooves the whole army to take notice. Mr. Chairman, as I said in the beginning, this is only a step BURDEXS AXD BENEFITS NOT JUSTLY APPORTIO:-e to Gloucester who keep watch and watch with death on the banks present will be somewhat technical in argument, containing of Newfoundland are to surrender their market, nnd in re­ some statistics, witll which I would not weary the Honse. turn the Connecticut clock ma1-:ers nre to set up their time­ Therefore I ask that I may extend my remarks in the RECORD pieces in the realms of bliss, where a thousanu years are but at their conclusion. as a day · the potato farmer of l\faine or Michigan is to ha Ye The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from .Maine asks unani­ the troubies of Lazarus, but the maker of har,·esting machine~ mous consent to ex.tend his remarks in the RECORD. Is there is to rest his head on the bosom of Abraham. [Laughter arn]. objection? . applause.] One class sows that another may reap, and you 1\lr. JAMES. I shall not object to that, Mr. Chairman. I call it reciprocity: think -that permission ought to be granted to all Members of Names count for much with us, and the names of Blaine and the House; but some gentleman here this morning interposed McKinley are being used to commend this riroposjtion. There an objection. I am not going to object to the right being ex­ is no warrant for this. In his youth in 18G4, as a Member of tended to the gentleman from l\Iaine, but I think it ought to be this Ilouse, l\Ir. Blaine voted to repeal an arrangement with extended to every one who wants it, on both sides of the Canada far better than the one proposed now, since it gave Chamber. free coal, which this does not. And in his 1ater days l\Ir. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 191~. . . - ' . - . ~ . - 289

Blaine in his Twenty Years of Congress referred to that English railways. And one plausible orator, with much con· reciprocity as "one-sided, >exatious, and unprofitable." Mr. fidence of assertion, declared that statistics showed the loss ot McKinley made the very tariff duties which you are now life to be far greater on American roads than on English. trying to sweep awny; and, like Mr. Blaine, never faYorcd ..I!'rom this he deduced conclusions unfavorable to American reciprocity in com11eting products. Rkill and ca11ncity. But a member from the GoYernment bench FllEE TllADE IN FARl\1 rRODUCTS IlEVEP.SES TIIE rOLICY Oil' A CENTUP.Y. answered him; I do not know the name or the rank of that modest, well-poiRed gentlemnn. I have no doubt he had been The broad proposition which is before us is thnt tariff duties trained in one of tllose two great universities where the scholars le\ied on our borders against commodities produced by for· of Euglnnd-greater than her Wellingtons and tier Nelsons­ eign people, bo swept away, so far as the principal and pruc­ hm·e for a thousand yenrs taught the youth of England to ticulJy the only com1)etitors of our farmers are affected. We f.ea rc:h for and know tile truth. Taking up the statements so arc giving tlle farmer free trnde nnd are pleading in justifica­ clctrirneatol to the United States, so flattering to English pride, tion that it will not hurt him and will help the consumer. If lJ.e admitted thnt the statistics did show a greater loss of life these two pl~ns are consistent and truthful, well and good. on .American railroads, I.mt .he pointed out that America was a If either or both be fallacious, we must know it. · very great country; .-that many tllousand miles of her road had One significant fact mny arouse in our minds a suspicion been extended hastily in sparsely populated regions. It was to _ tlrnt we are wrong in rewoving the protection from the farmer·s be ex1wc:tcd that there would be great loss of life on such roads. products. Protec:tion for the farmer is nu old· national policy llnt in tlJ.c older sett1ed E:u:;t, where fixed conditions prevailed, coeval with the Constitution itself. In 1789 living was simple. the Jnss of life was so little as to show that American skill There were not many food products of the ·fa rm that · could be and cnvacity were not to be compared un~aypr~bly wit~ ~g· imported. Potatoes were raised abroad only in limited quanti­ lish. I do not recount this narrative to read any lesson to ties. The iica:rnntry of France still believed them poisonous. the !Jri11iaut and discrirniuating intellects in this Hall. I do The !Jread e:i ten by the .American people was i)l·incipally n1ade it merely for the sake of the argument I am .about to make, to· of Iudian com, wheaten bread nppearing on tlle table ouJy arrest your attention, especially the attention of the Democratic when the minister came. But there was one foreign article majority before it pushes home this blow at the prosperity of tllot could comvete in our markets-cheese. .And the stntes­ the farmer and the social life of the Nation. rnen of 178!) put a duty of 4 cents a i1ound on cheese. l!'or n hunured nnd twenty-five years, with few inten·als, there has onF.A'r DISTIXCTION BETWEE~ THE FARM IIO:ME .A.XD THE FACTORY. becu a tariff on cheese, usually 4 cents a pound, in 181G ns '.rhe fact that Canada has New-World conditions, that her high as 9 ceuts. Under the Democratic Wih:;on tariff it was labor is not crushed down as in the older countries, furnishes, 4 cents, to-day it is G cents. Our fathers mn.de it 4 c:ents when I will ae sound when avplied to factories. Is it sound making countries of the world is separated from our markets when npplied to forms? · only by a few cents and a few hours. No; and for this reason, that the farrn is primariZy rwt a You propose to ~·everse the polky of a hnn

XLVII--lD 290 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE.

I~L>li!PEXDE!;;CE OF T1IE FAlO! noUE A~D as RELA.mo::-. To MA'.:'TUFACTURES". •~yeomanry." From Crccy to the Crimea, ancl on to this clay, A century ago the farm home was more preeminently the unit tlie yeomanry of England have been her proudest boast. And of ehi.lizn.tion tbau to-day. It was almost independent within wllcn the statesmen who but recently formed England's tnriff itself. The- father nnd sons tilley trusts and associations., are easlJy ing bulky, were restrained by the cost of freight from floolling controllable ancl do not tend to run into an overproduction, dis- any particular market. But from 1850 onward tlIC applica.- ~ astrous to profi.,ts on ca.pita1 or the wages of labor. But the tion of steam to land and water trnnsportution revolutionized furms, b.eing nn aggregation of homes, disorganized, and ea.ch the economic condition of the world, and ~oon brought to the impelled by its own necessities, tend conS'tantly to overproduN. front one great ancl all-controlling economic phenomenon-the .And this oyerproductlon becomes disustrous unless the limita- opening of the broad ancl fertile prairies of the western Unitec1 tion of acreage possible to be cultirnted intervenes to prevent. States. There.fore the element of prime importance in this discussion ls Farm products began to fly through space and hurl themselves the relation of acreage to the capacity of the home market fur- upon far-distant places in unheard-of qu:mtities. This 'vas rushed by the nonagriculta.rn.1 classes. especially so with farm products raised on new lands, under Of this doch·ine of · the equilibrium of the .home market we the stimulus of nature's stored-up fertility. In 1878 the fast­ have heard little among English-speaking peoples, beca.use Eng- freight and refrigemtor c~r came- into activity, n.nd the dairy­ Jancl hopelessly deS'troyecl the equilibrium of her home market man of the west was constructively moved up to the <1001· of the when, as a result of the stimulation of the Napoleonic wars, eastern farmer, and the two went merrily to work to make one she got more people into manufacturing than her acres; in the another poor with overcomp~tition. The equilibrium of the opinion of a dominating school of her statesmen, could possibly market between the farmer's surplus nnd tlle artisan's product. feed, even under the highest development of her agriculture. from being constant and sure, under the eyes of all, became Then she felt forced to oven her mnrkets to the agricultural a flighty and inconstant thing, doing unexpected acts in re­ prOllacts of the world. We, who fonnd our market in her ncces- spouse to distant 1oices. That a German farmer on the sands sities, have not examined Iler situation. But England herself of Brandenburg should find the conditions in the little mm'ket • jg awakening, and in 1900, after exha.nsth·e investigations, her town where his fathers had resorted fo1· tllr~e centuries tun1ed tnriff commission mnde a significant report. There hns been. upside down by some farmers on· n River Platte in a land called that report says- Nebraska, thousands of miles distant m1der the wcstwnrd snn, n uro!ld contrast between the polic~ :.loptce endeavored to maintain a balance between agriculture and EFFECTS OF THE DISTUI::TI.i:'undance of both; but if we look-over the llistory to result in permanent improvements, the betterment of build­ of our race in the parent country for the long course of time ings, the fe.rtilizution of th~ land. What wns the case? Tlle the worcl tb n t comes oftenest from the pens of historians and total value of the farm realty of New Englancl in"1890 was very the tongues ·of orators is not "wealth" or "factories," but little more than it had been in 1860, 30 years before. In those 1911.- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 291

30 years that splendid race of farmers practically stood still, in New England than there were in 18GO. On a new basis and $20,000,000 measures the only increase in the value of that splendid race of farmers nre reversing the decadence of their property. From 1890 to 1900 the increase -was nearly two generations. And just in the hour of victory the states­ $40,000,000, and from 1000 to 1910, when the equilibrium of men of America, without scientific investigation, with hardly markets was restored, the increase was over $170,000,000. [Ap­ a. hearing that deserves the name, propose to turn loose on them plause on the Republican side.] I dwell on this feature of the the competition of a new empire. [Applause on the Republican equilibrium of markets because the percentage of this increase side.] bears a striking resemblance to that between 1850 and 1860, Can not the gentlemen on the Democratic side of this House when the old equilibrium existed. see how futile a plan it is to bring on the American farmer the The following table, prepared by the Census Bureau, tells as destruction of equilibrium in llis markets and then expect to eloquently as columns of figures can the story of the long dearth recompense him by lowering the duties on a. few of the things on New England farms and the long halt of 30 years: he buys? You bring upon him a. colossal calamity and then .Average value of land, bttildings, a11d other impro1:ements per farm, for propose to salve his wounds with commercial percentages. You each State from 1830 to 1910. destroy his business and then ·pretend to cheapen the tools with which he carries it on. [Applause on the Republican side.] New Ver Mcassahu· Rhode Connec- SlllIILAR EFFECTS IN THE ENGLISH FA.RUER'S llIA.RKET. Year. TOtal. Maine. Hshamlrep-. mont-. - I l d t' t setts. s an . icu . England also met the deluge under free-trade conditions. ------1----1------What happened is succinctly stated by Mr. James J. Hill in his 1910...... S.1, 798 52,659 $3,176 S3,442 SS,238 $5,287 $5,lGG new work, Highways of Progress: 1900 •..•••• ~·-·········. 2, 753 1 t\28 2,392 2,510 4, 189 4,200 3,6](i Agriculture in England­ 1800 ..•. -- • • • . • • • • • • . . . . . 2, 579 1:590 2,270 2,473 3, 710 3,977 3,609 1880 .....•••.... ········· 2,802 1, 5!ll . 2, 367 3,078 3,806 4, 164. 3.957 Ile says-- 1870 1...... 3, 240 1, 722 2, 719 4,120 4,393 4,019 4,871 1860 .. ··••···•··········· 2,589 l,4l3 2,285 2,980 3, 462 3,616 3,007 has snffered in tbe last 25 years by the opening of new land in America 1850 ..... ··•·•······ ... .. 2,222 1,173 1,181 2,129 3,202 3,170 3,240 and the cheapening of the world's transportation. - The English tariff commission gives in rnoG the same report: 1 One-fifth should be deducted for depreciated currency. The causes of the decline in agriculture are world-wide in their oper­ TIIE DE.rnrrr NOT PECULIAR TO NEW ENGL.A.ND. ation, affecting all importing countries. The striking feature in the case of the United Kingdom is that agriculture has been more depressed While the effects of the long dearth were more pronounced than in any other country and more depressed than any other brancll in New England, perhaps, than elsewhere, yet in the whole of economic activity. During the last ~G years the course of all agri­ cultural prices has heen the same downward direction, with the re­ North Atlantic Division, which includes New York, New Jersey, sult that agriculture has been subject to a great combination of causes, and Pennsylvania, as well as New England, in 30 years, from all tending toward its depression. 1860 to 18!)0, the vn1 ue of farms and farm buildings incrensed only two-thirds as much as it had in the single decade from And, most significant of all, that commission goes on to say: 18GO to 1860 under normal markets. This North Atlantic European countries generally have pursued a policy involving import duties on agricultural produce, whereas in the United Kingdom agri­ Di"rision of the United States shows the effect of the openiug culturists h:n·e 1.Jeen subject to the unrestricted importation of foreign of new lands on the old lands, as no other section of the United produce on tel'ms not dissimilar, in many cases, from those experienced States could do at this time. With the best home market in by manufacturers who complain of dumping. America in their midst, with the much-vaunted world's market These dry official statements giye little of the tragedy of Eng­ of Europe nearer to them than to any other farmers on this land's position. Forty thousand of her acres went out of cul­ Continent, with ti.le inherited n11pliances nnd improvements be­ ture last year. In the county of Buckingham farms sell as low longing to established countries, the farmers of the North At­ as $G3 an acre. lantic States could barely hold their own for 30 years. The Buckingham County is about 30 miles from London and half­ West was the new and growing region; slle will figure as nn way between London and Birmingham. Many railroads con­ old and settled country in the new influx. So also will the nect it with both those cities. London is that great world's South, which then did not notice, amid the ra -rages of war, the market that is dangled so temptingly before our farmers when minor rava~es of competition. some one wants to trade shadow for substance with them. Lon­ Our Tariff Board, in its meager report on this vast subject­ don is the great capital of trade and commerce. It is also a meager because in the hot haste with which this House is capital of want and misery. The rise and fall of her tide of moving there is no time for the scientific examination which I paupers is recorded in tho journals as we record the prospects believe Mr. Emery and his associates would make so well­ of a wheat crop. They are a host greater than the men who comments on one fact which it has founcl, but on the vast sig­ held with Meade the heights over Gettysburg. How could it nific:mce of which it has had no time to dwell. It says of the be otherwise when the virgin soil of New Zealand and Canada most flourishing Canadian Province-Ontario : can put out of business farmers within 30 miles of the world's Ontario, while reporting the highest Canadian land °value, shows the market? lowest Canadian rate of increase. It is worthy of note that Ontario is Dairy and grazing farms in Surrey sell for $123 an acre. feeling the competition of western Canada, just as some years ago the ea.stern part of the United States felt the competition of our western Surrey is near London, and London is the world's great market lands. for milk, butter, and cheese. But that market is not the Eng­ The farmers of Ontario are already losing the equilibrium of lish farmer's market. 'l'he Canadians, the New Zealanders, and their markets. All eastern Canada will soon be in the throes the Danes possess it. Do you wonder that the English tariff of it. And we are now proposing to tear down our ancient dikes commission recommends a duty on butter and cheese? and invite the flood to roll over us. [Applause on the Republi­ IIOW TIIE GERMAN FAlllIEilS ESCAPED THE TROUBLES OF THE AMEilICA::-i can side.] AND ENGLISH FARMERS. The New England farmer saved himself by courage and in­ As we turn from England and her sad picture, we find an­ telligence. The census shows that of the 12,000,000 acres of im­ other story in Germany and France, where statesmen and peo­ proved land in the six States in 18GO, only 7,000,000 acres re­ ple united to preserve the equilibrium of the home market. I main improvetl. But the officials of the Census Bureau advise will quote again from l\1r. James J. HW.?.s book, because :Mr. me that a difference in methods of classification of improved Hill, one of the world's great captains of industry, is an un­ land accounts for much of the difference. Yet, undoubtedly rivaled observer of economic facts. I wish that at this juncture there has been some decline. Take as an example, and not a~ his farm was bigger than his railroad, for where a man's treas­ extreme example, the State of Maine. "The acreage of im­ ure is there is his heart also. [Laughter.] Mr. Hill says: proved land increased steadily until 1880," says the census re­ How to meet German competition is to-day the study of every intelli­ ~ent leader of industry and every cabinet on the Continent of Europe. port, "when a marked decline began, and in moo the percentage 'it will be found that a large share of her world-wide success ls due to of farm land improved was smaller than ever before reported.'' svmmctrical national development. Agricultural industry has not been slighted. Behold a contrast that throws light upon the idle host of And the Director of the Census went on to specify as one of England's unemployed marching despondently through streets whose the causes of this "the competition of western lands in cereal shop windows are crowded with wares of German make. Between production." 1875 and 1900 in Great Britain 2,691,428 acres whlch were un­ der cereals and 755,255 acres which were under green crops went out After an agonizing struggle the New England farmer moved of cultivation. In Germany, during the same period, the cultivated to a new base. He ceased to raise beef and sheep, he went out area grew from 22,840,950 to 23,971,573 hectares, an increase of 5 per of wheat and tho cereals, and became a dairyman, a grower of cent. fruits, and a market gardener. He lessened his acreage, but The German farmer owes his proud position largely to the kept in the business, for the farm is a home and is hostage of wisdom of Bismarck, a statesman of that school who investi­ fate for the farmer in bad as well as good times. And to-day gate first and then act, instead of acting first and investigating the census of 1910 shows that there are over 3,000 more farms afterwards. [Applause.] He had been a free trader, but facts 292 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 15,. con>crted him, and in May, 187D, Ile !Jore this testimony in the In other words, will enough Canadian farm products come Ileichstag : over the line to ilisturb disastrously our markets? There is a Is not the moment approaching when our agriculture will no longer great chorus f-rom the la.rge cities that no trouble need be be able to exist ~n.usc corn is pressed down to n. price at which it cn.n feared the coil.SU1Ilcr about aR not be remuncrath-cly produced in Germany, ta..""tation, tlle cost of by farmer, that the will pay living, and the cost of land being us they are'! When that moment much as ever, but thnt "trade relations" will l.Je imp1·oved. comes. then not only agriculture but th~ Prussian State and the Ger­ But while this chorus is going on some -very shrc1Yd gentle­ man E mpire will go to ruin a.s well. men in Wall Sh·eet a.re indulging in prophecy. The Canadian And.. then urnl there the tariff duties of Germany -0n agricul­ Pacific is the greatest milroad on the North American Conti­ tural products were estn.blishcd, uncl the trend of her policy hns nent. It connects all Canada und runs into all the great north­ lx:en to raise them and not lower them. ern markets of the United States. If great quantities of Cana­ II.il'PY POSITIO~ OF THil FD.E:XCII E.A"1UIEU °"'DI:r. Pl!OTECTIOX. clinn products :ire coming in, tllat roncl will do most of tll.e In France we find the S!l.IDC lesson, yet .Frfillce was men.aced. hauling. Tlle day the trade agreement passed the Romm in " The trouble in France, as elsewhere," writes Meredith, an l\farcll Canadian Pacific stock touched the highest point in its Eug1i sh authority, "centered in the persistent fnll in tile prices history, and it has bBcn soadng ever since, in notable contrast of Ggricnltural produce, due in part to the general appreciation most of tlle time to the .American rnilroacls. Some shrewd men of bolU, !Jut clue pr.incip.alJy to the cheapening of transport and educntly think that some butter, cheese, cre:im, m ilk, lmy, foe appearance on the home market of h·ansoccanic cereals and potatoes, apples, wheat, and so forth, win come oYer tile line. n~c~"! t. 'l"'he rc-sult was the incrensea protection of agricu1turnl 'l'lle situation recalls the story of the ne'\lspnper reporter wllo prodHcts in 1885 and 1887 and the t:iriff of 1892." went to find out whether an eminent clergyman n-us going to l\Ir. Hill, who is inclined to free trade, does not in his "book accept a call to another clty. "There is no decision nbout it/' notice tJie protective legislation of France and Germany, but the sn.id the daughter, who met the reporter at the door, "fatllcr is prosperity of France's agriculture to-day he paints in the most upstn.irs praying for guidance, but mother is downstairs pack­ brilliant colors. ing the trunks, flO I guess we arc going." TARIIIF o::. AGilICCLTUr..AL rl!ODUCTS rnOTECTS FJWll TnOGDLE. I do not propose to tlwell long on the statistics of present trade in farm produce over the border. It is small and vr o ve~. It seems to me proven beyond a docbt th!lt the opening of nothing except tlmt Cn.nnerage of less than 150,000 pounain for a cause that may lie at the end of a. he has to watch the sbnrJ)est is a man from the opposite side railroad a thousand miles away, or 10,000 miles n.way across two of the earth-the farmer of New Zealand. If the barriers along oceans. A.s prices continue low, Ile goes quietly to the local our border were down, if the greatest and best home mnrket Pharnah, and soon the farmer holds the title and pays the taxes, on earth was thrown open to his milk, cream, ancl butter, do while the Phnroah holds the mortg:ige and gets what little in­ you suppose the Canadian farmer would toil to make cheese to come tl!ere is, nlthough there is not much in it for even the compete witll a. New Zealnnder in n market on the other side Pharoah. .And so the long struggle goes on. When the farmer's of an ocean 3,000 mi1e-s wide? arm fails, the children take up the battle-the son or the daughter. When the trouble comes to the factory, the machinery r.EL..l.TIOX GF. GlIBCORY KIXG'S LAW TO THIJ 1::1."Ti:,U:X OF CA-'ast problem before us to-day. then the tariff commission of England toiled for years to search GI'...EGOill: KL';G'S LAW AS ILLUSTRA'II5G THE roTA.TO SITUATIOX. out truth only to produce error. Those three men had --visions In cormectio!l with thiB law of Gregory King, the potato situa­ that reached the future, but they ne\er let their feet stray tion in the United States is worth considering. While the con­ from the highwny of fact. sumer in the cities has found potato prices high the farmers .Agricultural prosperity was destroyed so long in the olc1- know tbn-t potatoes ha ·rn been low, around 25 cents u bushel. sett1ed parts of this country that we are regarding as some­ Our own farmers have overstockccl our own llorne market, great thing abnormal the recent advance. There is, however, nothing as that is, our manufacturing industries alone disbursing to abnormal about it. The West is eoming to a normal condition their officers ancl emvloyces, who are consumers, over S3,000,- of settlement; our wise tariff prevents foreign dumping; the 000,000 a yenr in salaries and wages. Do you know how little ~tural equilibrium' of markets is restored. No one who ex­ of acreage participates in the ovcrpro. They ha"Ve an area of agricultural lnnds nearly States, he did not pros_per. Kansas appeared to bleed in those equal to half the entire area of continental United States. Its days as- slle hnd never bled before. And the potato farmers of possibilities for agricu-ltural development are unlimited. Give both Maine ancl New Brunswick, who now !lave to pay millions to those lands our home market and two generations of Ameri­ of dollars annually for fertillzers, may look with afu.rm to that can farmers will not see the equilibrium of their market re­ rich virgin soil of Mnnitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta, where stored. the few straggling pioneer farmers in that vast domain pro­ Wllen we had the lust destruction of equilibrium and the duced in 1909 10,000,000 bushels of potatoes. long U.earth began there were no riots, no outcries, but there COKDITIOXS CT CANAD.i's FOUR E.iSTEil::-l PilOVIXCES. was sallness and consternation in many hiJ1side homes. And as they always clo when the home farm becomes unprosperous, Canada has all the conle, the outcry in the cities against the high 75 per cent in value, or a total for that State of $30,000,000 cost of living impels us onward in our search for a Yictim. We increase. The fa.rm lands and buildings in that State in the all admit the high prices; many of us arc oppressed by them; last decade have increased over $G2,000,000 in value. From few of us know that wholesale prices ba ve been falling for nearly 1880 to moo, u,000 farms, every one of them a home, had ceased a year, so much does the retail price affect us. But has any­ to exist. From 1!)00 to lDlO the farms of l\!aine increased in one proven that the ruin of the American farmer will lower number by nearly 500, and the long tendency toward aban­ prices in the cities except as it may shrivel the business of the donment was practicalJy checked. This was not the only cities? And ought not some one to prove this before we pro­ healthful sign. The number owning farms increased, the num­ ceed to spoil the farmer's home market for the next two gen­ ber of tenant farmers decreased, the annual expenditures erations? for farm labor increased from two and a half million dollars To give a little personal experience, while the farmers of to $5,000,000, and most significant of all, the expenditures for .Maine have been getting 2u cents a bushel for potatoes, I have fertilizers increased from a little over $800,000 to more than IJeen paying for them a dollar a bushel. You may think this an $5,000,000. extreme illustration of the di.tl'erence between the price the I have commented on the shortsightedness of considering farmer gets and the price the consumer pays. I am not cer­ this question from the standpoint of the farmer alone. This tain that it is. Unfortunately we have had no investigation on prosperity of the farmer has reacted on the cities. In Maine, this highly important point. In auotller clistinguished bocly an the metropolis, Portland, has grown as in no previous decade inquiry was proposed last year, but, unless my memory is at of her history. When 5,000 farms of Maine were going out of fault, an appropriation for it was clefeated by objection from business progress was slow. With the farmer prosperous, all the Democratic side of tbe Chamber. But our own obsena­ else prospers, for he spends his money at home. But if by tion and that of others will show us that there is a vast differ­ this new policy we are to increase the purchasing power of ence between consumers' prices and farmers' prices. Last sum­ the potato farmer of New Brunswick, Ontario, and Saskatche­ mer Mr. B. F. Yoakum, head of the Frisco Railway system, wan, the apple farmer of Nova Scotia, the dairyman of Quebec, published in the Saturday Evening Post an article on "The those farmers will spend their money in their own cities. If farmer and the cost of living," in which he set forth, after what they spend it in ours they must hoist their goods over a high he considered " a careful investigation," the food bill of New Canadian tariff wall before they can get them home, because of York City for the year-as related to the farmer. Here it is: the articles for which we might have a market in Canada very few are made free by this bill. Received by Paid by If I may be pardoned again-for citing the example of l\laine, farmer. consumer. which is the great agricultural State of New England, I wlll call attention to a most happy effect of the restoration of $821,000 SB,212,000 equilibrium in the farmer's market. That is the increase of ~~~roses·:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: , 8,437,000 60,000, 000 rural population in towns under 4,000. Co!Ice ...... 2,402,000 12,000,000 Rico ...... 1,354,000 6,191,000 In the two decades preceding 1900 all the growth of the State Cahhages .•...... •...... ••...... • -•.•.•..••.•.•.. 1,825,000 9,125,000 was in the cities and large villages. The rural communities Milk ...... -...... 22,912,000 48, 880,000 made a startling decrease. In the gain of the whole State in Eggs ...... 17,238,000 28,730,000 the last decade-a gain which greatly e::x:ceeds that of the pre­ Meat and poultry ...... 219,300,000 291 / 000 I 000 ced-ing decade-the cities do not contribute all and then help 274,289,000 464,147,000 make up a deficit for the country. The country and small vil­ lages gained one-third of the total gain, and even the towns Mr. Yoakum was not arguing on the tariff question, but on under 2,000 population turned the tide of loss. Give ns equi­ the need of railroad development, and therefore he may be con­ librium of markets for another decade and the old prosperity sidered an unprejudiced witness so far as this subject is con­ of country life in America will return, for what the census cerned.. shows as to Maine will undou!Jtedly be found true in many Mr. Yoakum shows that the price of the onion increased 10 other States, especially in the East and South. times on its way from the farmer to the New York City con­ THE GREATEST orronTUNITY FOR CONSERVATION. sumer. If this high authority is correct, has anyone searched There is no limit for many years to the progress which our those people who have that onion between the time it leaves farruers may make for themselves and for the cities which sup­ the farmer's hands and gets to the consumer? And if no one ply them. To quote again from James J. Hill's book: has, ought it not to be done before we try and convict the farmer as the robber and sentence him to lose his paltry protec­ An industrious, fairly intelligent, and exceedingly comfortable agri­ cultural commuflity can raise from the soil food enough for the needs tion of 40 cents a bushel on onions. Is the one who takes one­ of 490 persons to the square mile. Adopting that ratio, the 414,498,487 tenth for an onion he has planted and raised to be pursue

And if no one has, ought it not to be done lJefore we try :ind :in arrangement that sets in motion into his market free as air convict the farmer us the robber ancl sentence him to lose his n.11 the potatoes, beets, h1rnips, hay, cabbages, butter, cheese, paltry protection of 25 cents n busl!.el? Is tlle man who takes hoof-p::trting and. cud-chel\1.ng animals i.lrnt Canada can pro­ on e-~eT"enth for a potato he has planted ancl rnised to be pur- duce, nnd allow llimself and llis neighbors such coal ns will sued, while no -questions are to be asked as to those who get strain through a hole half an inch squnrc. tlle si:x:-se1entbs? It would be possible to go mucl1 further in criticism of details l\Ir. Yoakum shows tlJat the price of rice increased five times of tills agreement If duties between this country :rncl Canacla from the hands of the farmer to the lrnnds of the consumer. If are burdens, which I do not admit, it may be pointed out that this Wgll authority is correct, lins nnyonc searched the peovle we arc taking all buTdens off tte flour-nmkers and le:rring much "ITDO haTe that rice between tbe time it leayes the farmer's lrnrnls on the ilour consumers; tbat we are taking all burden off the arul gets to the consumer? Ancl if no one b.ns, ougilt it not to great incorporated butchers' trust nnd leaving much on the be done before ·we try and conyict tlrn rice farmer nnu tnkc from co11surners of meat. him the duty of 2 cents a. potmd. This bill, it is true, uoes not THE FISHERIES AND OTHE!1. IXDt;.STRIES. tcuch rice; but does the rice farmer of the Carolinns think If tws were u council of national defense I would recall tb.at the that i~rotcct.ion is going to last for the few after it is stripped two great militant civilizations of Europe, Germany and France, from the many? protect by ample duties the hard-won spoil of their fishermen, . ~!r. Yoakum sho... ws :hat, tlle price of egg~ ,_dou1J1cs ~~om the tlJn.t they may ha-ve those fisllermen in their hour of need, as trn.e tlley leave th:- fa1mer s h:-mcls to the tnr;e tll~y re.tell the '\YC have had ours in every crisis since Washington crost:ecl the consumer's hands p~ New York. A~ our own - gric?ltur~l De- Delaware. After prese1~"" in the field of diplomacy the fish­ part?wnt 11D.s pubhsi:ed figures tcrnlm.:; to co~1firm tl11s cstl~~te, 1 ing rights won by our fnthe~s on the field of battle, J.ohn Quincy it gt1.es confidence m the estimates ns to other commoc11ties, A mrn.U?n counsE. It is l..>ecn.use we are in doubt as to the main features of this TRE TATIIFF OF xo E.l!'FEC::r o.· rmcEs To TII.E coxsuMEn. grent problem and are overriding facts where inquiry seems to The price of coffee is estimated to incren.se frrn times frorn the liaye removed doubts, tnat I confess n great impntiern~e of this producer to the consumer; and ns there is absolutely free trade cnpital mo-ve that the House seems about to make. The Euro- in coffee, here is a pate::it sugg,eztioa t!1nt tl!c tarill, while it lrns . imlJOrta.nt bearing on ilie equilibriuru of tbe farmer's rnnrket, 11C.1 ll nations, where schol:l.rshlp and scientific inquiry is applied to political problems as nowhere else on earth, Germany and has very little influence on what tho consumer p:iys. In ilie France, strictly maintain their agricultural duties. The tariff ·rnry height of high price-i:i fast fall the minority Democratic commission of England, after collecting -volumes of facts, has members of ilie invcstigati11g committee of a11other distin- r~comrnendCll agricultural duties tor Englnnd. guishe<1 body carue to this conclusion: Ycnrs ago, on u stormy afternoon, a g:l1lant steamer sailed Notwitl.:stn.nuini; the large increase fa the \)rice of farm products, the dO\T'Il an en.stern harbor on its wny to a co::istwise port. As she farmer J.:as realized a small net return on ll1s labor and investment. went down that harbor oilier steamers running to that same Can, not you lrose the farmer this Pmall net retmn? Ca.n coast w·ere coming back, ior the sky and sea promised ill, but not you do it in consider:::tion of tlle long dearth he has suffered? that one steamer went on in defiance of the common judgment There lle stands, the dampness of honest toil on his brow, in of tile sea that afternoon. And she went to one of the great his lleart the satisfaction that be has fasted. through the trial. sea trngedies of the Atlantic. He is a. hero. He has won the long fight. He has done it with Is this Honse to disregard the common judgment of the nu.­ brains us well ns mu.scle. \Vhen tlle onset was fiercest he re- tions and without investigation plunge forward to do this duccd his acreage and intensified his .culture; that is, he con- great thing-? Even before .sou change tlie. postage rates on a tracted the wings and strengthened the center. If he hn.d been few muga.zines you have an im·cstigation by a learnecl commis­ a man with a sword we would hn.Ye .given him pension and sion. But you propose to change the f1mdamental concUtion.s office, and that exquisite American adulation of accepting every of 6,000,000 farm homes with no investigation worthy the n:unc. n-orcl from bis lips as the Inst thing in wisdom. But n.s he is a As one Member I protest against this dangerous haste &.nd farmer, and as farmers are organized Yery imperfectly for against this bill, as tending to break up farm homes, retard unity of action', we pat him on the back, say he is n good rural de-velopment, and increase the congestion of the cities. fellow, and, without investigation, witbout c-vcn au unsc.ie!1tific [Loud applause.] im-estigation worthy the nnme, we turn loose on him new an.cl Mr. UNDERWOOD. Mr. Speaker, I will ask the gentleman unnumbered hordes. [Applarnw on the Rcpub1ican side.] from Pennsylvania to yield some further time on his side.

CO::\SUMERS OF COA.L, .FLOr;n, A~D l\IEA,T. Mr. DALZELL. Mr. Chairman, I am afraid I h:::t-vc no person here now to whom I can do it, it is so late. By afficia.1 documents of the time seem to show that it found a SENATE DILL AND JOINT RESOLUTIO~S TIEF.EilllED. large. market on the Atlantic seaboard. This new treaty lets Under clause 2, Rule XXIV, Senate bill and joint resolutions in O"rer the border line freely every natural product that New of the following titles were taken from the Speaker's table Englnnd produces herself; but this one great commodity that she and referred to tlleir appropriate committees ns indicated does not produce, that her northern climate makes so precious below.: to lier people, is denied .her. The old treaty wrote in '"' coal " S. 74.5. An act '[)roviding for the erection of a statue to in bold, satisfying l>la.ck letters; this agreement, if it does Thomas Jefferson at Washington, D. C.; to the Committee on nnythlng in this line, mnkes only a penurious little concession the Library. by 1·educing the duty on eo:al screenings .to 15 cents a ton, which it S. J. Res. 5~ Joint r~olntion to create a joint committee to was in the Dingley law. where it was intended to be in the continue the consideration. of the revision and codification of .P.ayne law. That may help some big mills, if they use these the laws of the United St.ates; to the Committee on Rules. scremlings, and is good us far !1S it goes ; but the most sedate S. J. Res. 8. .Joint resolution. authorizing the selection of a New England farmer, if he can control his anger at the in­ site and the erection of a statue of Alexander IIamilton in justice, will ha1·dly control his mirth at the ridiculousness of Washington, D. C.; to the Committee on the Libra1·y. 296 OONGR.ESSION AL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 15,

.ADJOUil!'\MENT. Also, a bill (H. R. G30G) to erect an extension to the post­ Then, on motion of Mr. U:rrnERWOOD (at 4 o'clock and 43 min­ office and Federal court building at Alexandria, La.; to the utes p. m.), the House adjourned until Monday, .April 17, 1911, Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. at 12 o'clock m. · Also, a bill (II. R. G307) to provide for improving the navi­ gable capacity of the Calcasieu ·and the Mermentau Ri\·ers EXECUTIVE COi\BfUNICATIONS, ETC. La.; to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. ' .Also, a bill (H. R. G308) for protecting the caving banks of Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, a letter from the Secretary of Red River at Boyce Landing, Rapides Parish, State of Louisi­ War, transmitting, with a letter from the Chief of Engineers, ana ; to the Committee on· Rivers and Harbors. report of examination of Deckers Creek, W. Va. (H. Doc. No. Also, a bill (H. R.' 5300) for the improvement of navigation 14), was taken from the Speaker's table, referred to the Com­ in Bayou Plaquemine Brule; to the Committee on Rivers and mittee on Ri"rers and Harbors, and ordered to be printed. Harbors. Also, a bill (II. R. 5310) for the erection of a public building PUBLIC BILLS, RESOLUTIONS, A"ND MEMORIALS. at Jennings, La.; to the Committee on Public Buildings and Under clause 3 of Rule XX.II, bills, resolutions, and me­ Grounds. morials were introduced and severally referred, as follows: Also, a bill (H. R. G311) to erect an extension to the post­ By Mr . .ANDERSON of Ohio: A bill (II. R. u286) for the office and Federal court building at Alexandria, La.; to the erection of a public building at the city of Upper Sandusky, in Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. the State of Ohio, and appropriating moneys therefor; to the Also, a. bill (H. R. 5312) for the completion of the jetties at Committee on Public Buililings and .Grounds. Calcasieu Pass and the construction of a channel through Cal­ Also, a bill (H. R. 5287) for the erection of a public building casieu Lake, and appropriating $1,150,000 therefor; to the Com­ at the city of Bellevue, in the State of Ohio, and appropriating mittee on Rivers and Harbors. money therefor; to the Committee on Public Buildings and By Mr. ROTHERMEL: A bill (H. R. 5313) to establish a Grounds. · fish-cultural station in the State of Pennsylvania; to the Com­ Also, a bill (Il. R. 528S) for the purchase of a site and the mittee on the Merchant Marine and Fisheries. erection thereon of a public building at Clyde, Ohio; to the By Mr. RICHARDSON: A bill (H. R. 5314) for a public Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. building at Decatur, A.la.; to the Committee on Public Buildings Also, a bill ( H. R. 528!)) for the ere'ction of a public building and Grounds. at the.city of Fremont, in the State of Ohio, and appropriating Also, a bill (H. R. 5315) to provide for a public building at moneys therefor; to the Committee on Public Buildings and New Decatur, Ala.; to the Committee on l'ublic Builclings aud Grounds. Grounds. By Mr. BlNGHAM: A bill (H. n. 5290) to define the true By Mr. FOCHT: A. bill (H. R. u31G) to provicle for the re­ intent and meaning of section 48 of the act of August 28, 1894, moval of the body of the late· l\fnj. Gen. Winfield Scott Hancock levying taxeR on distilled spirits, to regulate the business of from Norristown, Pa., to the national cemetery, Arlington, reclaiming waste spirits from empty whisky barrels, and to Ya., and for other purposes; to the Committee on A:ppropria­ define the status of persons engaged in such business; to the tious. Committee on Ways and l\Ieans. Also, a bill (H. R. 5317) authorizing the Secretary of War to By l\fr. ESCH: A bill (H. R. G201) to promote the safety of procure medals for the Logan Guards, of Lewistown; the Allen travelers on railroads by compelling common carriers engaged Infantry, of Allentown; the Ringgold Light .Artillery, of Read­ in interstate commerce to strengthen the construction of day ing; and the Washington Artillerists and National Light In­ or passenger coaches, mail cars, chair, smoking, an

By Mr. JONES : A bill ( H. R. 5329) to establish the Fred­ Also, a bill (H. R. 5355) granting an increase of pension to ericksburg anill ( H. R. 5340) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (II. R. 5390) granting an increase of pension to John N. Baty; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Jacob Long; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 5350) for the relief of James Graves; to Also, a bill (H. R. 5391) granting an increase of pension to tho Committee on Military Affairs. Joseph Long; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. · Also, a bill (H. R. 5851) for the relief of Thomas D. Flynn, Also, a bill (H. R. 5302) granting an increase of pension to alias Thomas D. Allen; to the Committee on Military Affairs. Galen II. Lotz; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. CARLIN : A bill ( H. R. 5352) for the relief of the Also, a bill (II. R. 5393) granting an increase of pension to estate of Moses M. Bane; to the Committee on Claims. Ilenry Loudenschlager; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By l\Ir. DICKINSON: A bill (II. R. 5353) granting an in­ Also, a bill (II. R. 5304) granting an increase of pension to crease of pension to Abraham l\I. Heifner; to the Committee William B. Long; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 5305) granting an increase of pension to By Mr. DODDS: A bill (H. R. 5354) granting an increase of Catharine C. Loy; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. pension to James II. Hope; to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ Also, a bill ( H. R. 5306) granting an increase of pension to sions. David .A. l\fcClure; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 298 CONGRESSION.AL RECORD-HOUSE. .APRIL .15,

Also, a bill (II. R. 53D7) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (II. R. 5430) for the relief of John l\f. Querry ; Wi11inm E. lcKin ~t ry; to tlle Committee on Inrnlid P ensions. to tl10 Committee on Military .Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. G;}!}S ) grunting an inc:;::euse of pension to Al:::o, a bill (H. R. .5440) for the relief of Jackson Taylor Charles E. I\facler; to the Committee on Invalid Pension's. Vu un; to tho Committee on Military .Affairs. .Also, a bill (H. R. 5300) grmting an increase of pension to Also, n bill (H. R . 5441) for tho relief of John Weil; to the Jolin :!\liller; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Committee on Military Affairs . .A lso, n !Jill (H. R. G-100) grantin; an increase of 1)-0nsion to Also, a bill (H. R. 0442) for tho reEef of Henry C. Wolfe ; Daniel Pope ; to the Committee on I1rrnlid Pensions. to the Committee on Military Affairs. Al so, n. bill ( H. R. G401) gran ting an increase of pension to Also, a bill ( H. n. 544:3) for the relief of the leial repre- Wirnam P ope; to te e Committee on Invalid Pensions. sentntives of Thomas P . 1\litchell; to the Committee on War Also, a biil (II. IL 5402) granting an increase of pension to Claims. Jacob Prol:gh; to tlle Committee on Invalid Pensions. .cilso, a bill (H. R. 5-144) for the relief of the h·nstees of Also, a bill (H. R. l3403) gru:::iting au increase of pension to Touoloway Baptist Churcll, Fulton County, Pa.; to the Com- .Au. ting R1~ m sey; to tllc Committee on Invalid Pensions. mittee on War Claims. Al so, a bill (H. n. 5104 ) grantin~ an increase of pension to Also, a bill (fl. R. 5-14:5) to correot tho military recoru of . Lewis A. Ranck; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. George W. Parker; to tlic Committee on Military Affairs . .A l ~ o, a bill (II. R. 54.03) granting an increase of pension to By :\Ir. GilEGG of Pennsylrnnia: A bill (H. R G440) grunt- llcnry n~e c1; to the Com 11ittee on Invalid Pensions. ing a pension to Margaret R. rorabaugll; to the Committee on Also, a bill (H. R. 5103) granting an increase of pension to Invalid Pensions. Mnrtin L. Rex; to the Committee on Invn.lid Pensions. By :Mr. IIENSLEY : A bill (II. R. 5447) granting an increase A1so, a um ("IT. R. &107) granting un increase of pension to of pension to Samuel Cooper; to the Committee on Invnlid D!:rrid C. Illloclcs; to the Committee on Pensions. P en sions. Also, n bill {H. R. 5-:1.0S) grantin~ an increase of pension to Ily i\Ir. HINDS: A bill (H. R. !5-14S) for the relief of Fred A. John J. Rorn:isteel; to the Committee on IIl'rnlid Pensions. Emerson; to the Committee on Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. MOO) granting an increnEe of pension to By .:\Ir. HUGHES of West Virginia : A bill (H. R. 5449) for John Ro~rlre; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. the relief of lock m:u:;ter:::, lo ckn~en, uncl other laborers and Al so, n bill (H. R. U410) granting an increase of pension to mecl!.unics employed by the United States Government in the DnYid Secrest; to the Committee on Inialid Pensions. locks and dams of the Kanawk1 River, in West Virginia; to tl.le Also, a !Jill (H. R. 5411) grunting an increase of pension to Committee on Claims. John C. Shaffer; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By !\Ir. JOID~SON of Kentucky : A bill (II. R. G-:150) grant- Also, a bill (H. R. 5412) granting an increase of pension to ing an increase of prnsiou to William P . Routt; to the Commit- Soworrow F . Shaffer; to the Committee on In-rnlid Pensions. tee on Im·alid Pensions. .Also, a bill {II. n. G413) granting an increase of pension to By Mr. JONES: A biJl (H. R. 5451) for the relief of the lleirs Jacob B. Shuman; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. of Richard S. Rew, dece!ls<>d; to t11e Commit.tee on War Claims. Also, a bill (II. R 5414) granting an increase of pension to By Mr. LANGLEY (by request) : A bill (H. R. 5-152) for ·James K . Snydor; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. the relief of Elizabeth Lynch; to the Committee on M1lihtry Also, a bill (H. n. 5415) granting an increase of pension to Affairs. :r • _ • • ~ Arthur V. B. Sonders; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By. l\fr. !lf:.\.RTI:N of Sou~h D~lkota · A b.ill. C~. R. 54... \3 ) Als b'U (II R ~ lG) (T t · ,., in . s f pension to grunt~g an mcreas~ of pe~s10n to James S. Williams; to the o, a i · · ., 4 , bran 1?o an crca .0 0 . Committee on !Il'ralid Pensions. George M. ~panogle; to ~e Co~1ttee Ofl: Invalid Pensiori:s. By l\Ir. MAYS : A bill (H. R. G45-1) pro·;icling for the releas- Also, n bill _~H . R. 134.li) ~antmg an ~crease .of pension to I ing of the claim of the UDiteu States Government to Arpont lot John A. Sp~ck, to the Committee ?n In\~lid Penswns. . No. 87, in tlle olu city of Pensacola, Fla.; to the Committee on Also, aT bill <:S:· R. 5418) gr~ting an mCl:ea.se of. pemnon to the Public Lnnc1s. George \\ . ~tahl, to the Comm1tt~e on In.vahd Pensions. . .Al so, a bill (H. R. 54.l'.!'5) releasing tlle claim of the United Also, a bill (H. R. 5419) g!"anting an ir:crease .0 f pension to Stutes Government to that i1ortion of land being a fractional Amos M. St!oh ; to the~ C~mnn~tec .01!, Inn'.-lid Penswns. . block, boundeu on the north and cast by Bayou Cadet, on the . Also, a bill . (H. ~ ·. u-120) grantrn.o an mcreas~ of pension to west by Cevnllos Street, and on the south by Intendencia Street, Cbnrles S. ~wrneford, ,,;;to the Comi;ruttee O? In-valid Penslo;is. iu tbe old city of Pensacola, Flu.; to the Committee on the Pub- Also, u b1U (H. R. 0421) gra?-trng un mcr~ase of pens10n to lie Lunds. Geor;e W . yertz; to ~~<)Comn:ntt.ee on ~rn:id Pensions.. Also, u bill (H. R. 5456) releasing the claim of the United Al ... o, a bill ~H. R. o4--) grru::ting n.n mere.use of penswn to Stutes Government to lot No. 80G, in the old city of Pensacola.. l\fnry E. Va.ndlmg; to ;11~ Coill.illl~ce on I.n-rnlld Pensions.. Fla.; to the Committee on tlle Public Lands. Also, a .l.nll (H. R. 5423) gr~ting fill mcr~se of penswn to By }Jr. :\!ILLER: A bill (H. R. ·5457) grunting au increase George Wrncland.; to the Comilllttcc on Invalid Penswns. of pension to William H . Oppelt · to the Committee on Invalid Also, a bill (H. Il. 5424) granting an increase of pension to Pensions. ' Willinm 1\1.,Witherow~ to_the Colll:mittee ?n Invalid Pensi?ns. Ily Mr. O'SHAUNESSY: A bill (II. R. f34!3S) granting an in- Also, a bill (H. R. o42u~ grantmg an. mcrea~e of pension to crease of p~nsion to Emma H. Hackett; to the Committee on John Wogan; to the Comnnttee on Invalid Pcns10ns. Inrnlid Pensions. Also, a bill. (H. R. 5426) Fun.tin!? a pension to John D. Baker; Also, a bill (H. R. 54t>8) grunting an increase of pension to to the Committee on Invalid Pens10ns. Ed(Ynr A. Whitaker · to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill. (II. R. 5427). grun~g a pension to Sa.muel Bnir; Also, a bill (H. R. 54GO) grnnting an increase of pension to to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Frank l\I. Horton· to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a ~ill (H. R. 542:3) grnn_tlng a pension to Sadie Donn; to Alm, a um (H: R. ~Cl) granting nn increase of pension to the Comnnttee on In1alicl Pensions. .dartin So.nin · to the Committee on In1alid Pensions. Al~, a bill (II. R.. 5429) grant~g u J?ension to Willia.m By Mr. NORRIS: A bill (H. R. 54G2) to correct the military

Francis; to the Committee on Invalid Pens10ns. record ot Auirnstus0 J . Fairbanks · to the Committee on Military Also, a bill (H. R . 5430) granting a pension to Sarah E. Affairs. ' Hood; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also a. bill (H. R. 54C3) to correct the military record of Also, a bill (H. R. 5431) grr-.nting a pension to Jacob H . A.aron 's. Winner· to the Committee on Military Affairs. IIowcll ; to.the CoD1Illittee on Invalid Pensions. ..Al so, a bill (H. R. 54.G4) to correct tllc military recorcl of Also, a bill (II. R. 5432) granting a pension to Allison F . Natll:miel Monroe · to the Committee on l\Iilitury Affairs. Kohler; to the Commlttec on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. PEPPER : A bill (,H. R. 54.G!:i) granting an increase of Al.so, a bill (H. R. 54.33) grn.nfulg u pension to Casper pension to A. J. Stafford ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Wickey; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 516G) granting an incrcnse of pension to Also, a bill (!I. R. 5484) for the relief of W. II. H . Carrigan; Esck n. Chandler; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a uill (H. R . 5-167) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 5435) for the relief of George W . Cleven- T. J . Brown; to the Committee on In•alid Pensions. ger; to the Committee on i\filitn.ry Affairs. By Ur. PUJO : A bill (H. R. 5408) granting an inCl·ease Alno., a bill (H. R. ti436) for the relief of Peter Keckler; to of pension to Henry E. Hal1; to the Corpmlttee on Invalid the Committee on War Claims. Pensions. Also, a bill (Il. R. 0437) for the relief of Cyrus E. Kennedy; Also, a bill (H. R. 5460) grn.nting an inc~ease of pension to to the Committee on Military Affairs. John Humphreys; to the Committee on Pensions. Also, a bill (II. R. 5438) for the relief of Michael Na·rn; to Also, a l.>ill (H. R. G470) granting an incrc:nse of _Pension to the Committee on Military Affairs. Charles J. Brown; to tile Committee on Invalid Pensions. 1911. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 299'

Also, a bill (H. R. G471) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 5511) for the relief of heirs of Laura H. Peter W. lf' redricks; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Che-res, deceased; to the Committee on War Claims. Al &>, n bill (H. U. 5472) granting an incrense of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 5512) for the relief of heirs of :Mrs. Louis Aaron H. Waitt; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Valliere, deceased; to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 5473) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. G513) for the relief of heirs of Jean Bap­ Benjamin F. H etrick; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. tiste Rnbot, decensed; to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 5474) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. G514) for the relief of the heirs of Jabez J. A. Goodnle ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Tanner, deceased; to the Committee on Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 5475) grunting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (II. R. 5515) for the relief of heirs of Jean Bap­ Peter ,V. Fredricks; to the Committee on Pensions. tiste ~fah"·eau, deceased; to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 547G) granting a pension to Fannie L. Also, a bill (H. R. 5516) for the relief of the heirs of Daniel l\IcVey; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Goos, deceased; to the Committee o.n War Claims. Al so, a bill (II. R. 5477) granting a pension to Florinda Also, a bill (H. R. G517) for the relief of heirs of Thomas J. Butler Evans; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Hickman, deceased; to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 5478) grunting a pension to Elizabeth P. Also, a bill ( H. R. 5518) for the relief of the heirs of Louis Bell ; to tile Committee on Invalid Pensions. :Malve;:m, deceased; to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 547D) granting a pension to James R. Also, a bill (H. R. 5519) for the relief of heirs of H. T. Pittard; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Ilurges, deceased; to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 5480) for the relief of David Siess; to the .Also, a bill (H. R. 5520) for the relief of the heirs of Jabez Committee on \Var Claims. Tanner, deceased; to the Committee on Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 5481) for the relief of G. S. Cheyes; to Also, a bill (H. R. 5521) for the relief of heirs or ef!tate the Committee on War Claims. of Andre N. Robin, deceased; to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill ( H. R. G482) for the relief of Alonzo L. Boyer ; Also, a bill (H. R. 5522) for the relief of heirs or estate of to the Committee on War Claims. _ Louis Lalonde, deceased; to the Committee on ·war Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. G-!83) for the relief of J. l\fartin Compton; Also, a bill (II. R. 5523) for the relief of heirs or estates of to the Committee on War Claims. Stephen W. Quirk and Anne L. Quirk, deceased; to the Com­ Also, a bill ( H. R. 0484) for the relief of Florimand Izaru ; to mittee on War Claims. the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 5524) for tl1e relief of heirs or estate Also, a bill (II. R. 5485) for the relief of Martin Guillory; of l\Jartha L. Wells,. deceased; to the Committee on War Claims. to the Coilllllittee on War Claims. Also, a bill (II. R. 5525) for the relief of the heirs or legal Also, a bill ( H. R. 548G) for the relief of Odon Duca tte ; to repre~entatives ot Eugene Senette, deceased; to the Committee the Committee on War Claims. on War Claims. . Also, a bill (II. R. 5487) for the relief of Blaize :Motte ; to the Also, a bill (H. R. 5526) for the relief of the heirs or le.gal Committee on War Claims. representatives ·of Joseph Ezernack, deceased; to the Com­ Also, a bill (H. R. 5488) for the relief of W. T. Maddox and mittee on War Claims. others; to the Committee on War Claims. .Also, a bill (H. R. 5527) to remove the charge of desertion Also, a bill (II. R. 5480) for the relief of :Marcelin Martin; to fr0m tbe military record of Bernard Curley; to the Committee the Committee on War Claims. on .Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 5490) for the relief of :Mrs. Octave Simon­ Al so, a bill (H. R. 5528) to remove the charge of desertion eaux, of Alexandria, parish of Rapides, La.; to the Committee from the military record of Zephania. Squyres; to the Com­ on War Claims. mittee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 5401) for the relief of the estate of William Also. a bill (H. R. 5529) to carry into effect the findings o:t Bailey, deceased; to the Committee on War Claims. the Court of Claims in the matter of the claim of the estate of Also, a bill (H. R. M92) for the relief of the estate of Alexander Lemelle, deceasE:>d; to the Committee on War Claims. Francois Joseph Vantrot, deceased; to the Committee on War Also, a bill (H. R. 5530) to carry into effect the :findings of Claims. the Conrt of Claims in the matter of the claim of Alphonse Meuillon; to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 5493) for the relief of estate of Pierre Also, a bill (H. R. 5531) to carry into effect the :findings of C. Richard, deceased; to the Committee on War Claims. the Court of Claims in the matter of the claim of the estate of Also, a bill (H. R. 5494) for the relief of the estate of Enpbernie Lemelle, deceased; to the Committee on War Claims. Theophile Sanvald; to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 5532) to carry into effect the :findings of Also, a bill (H. R. 5495) for the relief of the estate of Ilab­ tlle Conrt of Claims in the matter of the claim of Sarah Bush­ tice Joubert, deceased; to the Committee on War Claims. nell ancl others; to the Committee on War Claims. R. 5496) Also, a bill (H. for the relief of the estate of Abra­ Also, a bill (II. R. 5533) to carry into effect the :findings of ham Wimberly, decensed, late of Acadia Parish, La.; to the the Court of Claims in the matter of the claim of the estate of Committee on War Claims. Cl:uii:we Donato, deceased; to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 5497) for the relief of the heirs of Fran­ Also, a bill (H. R. 5534) to carry into effect the :findings of cois Pitre, deceased; to the Committee on War Claims. the Court of Claims in the matter of the claim of the estate of Also, a bill (H. R. 5498) for the relief of the heirs of Dali­ Rigobert Lemelle, deceased; to" the Committee on War Claims. court Pitre, deceased; to the Committee ou War Claims. Al so, a bill (H. R. 5535) to carry into effect the :findings ot Also, a bill (H. R. 5409) for the relief of heirs of Joseph tlle Court of Claims in the matter of the claim of the estate of Gradengo; to the Committee on War Claims. Rellot A. Donato, deceased; to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 5500) for the relief of heirs of Hillaire Also, a bill (H. R. 5536) to carry into effect the findings of Paillett, deceased; to the Committee on War Claims. the Court of Claims in the matter of the claim of the estate of Also, a bill (H. R. 5501) for the relief of the heirs of Felix Jean Baptiste Lazare, deceased; to tlie Committee on War Dejean; to the Committee on War Claims. Claims. Also, a bill ( H. R. 5502) for the relief of the heirs of Pierre Also. "n bill (H. R. 5537) to carry into effect the findings of Goudeau; to the Committee on War Claims. the Court of Claims in the case of Alfred C. Parham, adminis­ Also, a bill (H. R. 5503) for t4e relief of the heirs of Ro­ trator; to the Committee on War Claims. dolphe Chachere; to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 5538) to carry into effect the :findings of .Also, a bill (H. R. 5504) for relief of the heirs of J. Casimir the Court of Claims in the matter of the claim of the estate of Le Blanc; to the Committee on War Claims. Lucien l\'leuillon, deceased; to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 5505) for the relief of the heirs of Joseph Ah:;o, a bill (H. R. 5539) to carry into effect the :findings of D. Guidry; to the Committee on War Claims. the Court of Claims in the matter of the claim of the heirs of .AJ so, a bill ( H. R. 5506) for the relief of the heirs of Felix Matthew J. Jones, deceased; to the Committee on War Claims. J. Guidry; to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill ( H. n. 5540) to carry into effect the findings of Also, a bill (H. R. 5507) for the relief of heirs of Victor the Court of Claims in the case of l\Iatthew J. Jones, deceased; Lastrapes, deceased; to the Committee on War Claims. to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. G508) for the relief of heirs of Emile Also, a bill (H. R. 5541) to carry into effect the findings of Lambert, deceased; to the Committee on War Claims. the Court of Claims in case of Emile E. Zimmer, adminis­ Also, a bill ( H. R. 5500) for the relief of heirs of Robert M. trator of estate of George Neck, sr., deceased; to the Com­ Morrow, deceased; to the .Committee on War Claims. mittee on War Claims. Also, a bill (II. R. 5510) for the relief of the heirs of Jean Also, a bill (H. R. 5542) to carry into effect the findings of Marie Ta tin, deceased; to the Committee on War Claims. the Court of Claims in the case of .Marie Josephine Le Sassier, 300 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. APRIL 15, admfnistratrix of estate of Fran~ois Meullion, deceased ; to the Also, a bill (II. R . 5581) granting an increase of pension to Committee on War Claims. John W . Foot ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. RAUCH : A bill (H. R. 5543) granting an increase of Also, a bill (H . R. 5u82) granting an increase of pension to pension to Da"id l\f. Kinsey ; to the Committee on Invalid Smith M. Demeree; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Eensions. Also, a bill (II. R . 5J83) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R . 5544) grantin~ an increase of· pension to Thomas J . Foote; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. George Cantner·; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R . 5584) granting an incrense of pension to Also, a bill (H: R. 5545) granting an increase of pension to James A. Gooch; to the Commfttee- on Invali0) grn.ntin:; n pension to .6..nnetta B. Lev! E . Morey; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Finch ; to tile Committee on In Ynlid Pensions. By Mr. WILLIS : A bill (H. R. u5DO) grunting an increase of Also, a bill (II. R. 151351) granting a pension to Roy Bruner ; pension to George Ii. Byers ; to the Committee on Invalld Pen­ to tlle Committee on Pensions. sions. Also, a bill (H. n. u552) for tile relief of William: H . Canoll; ny l\fr. WILSON-of Illinois : A bill (II. R. G591) granting an to ilie Committee on Military Affairs. inc:::ease of pension to Clinton S. Palmer; to tho Committee on .Also, a bill (H. R. 5l%3) for the relief of John Lynch; to the Inrn.licl Pensions. Committee on :Military Affairs. By Mr. WOOD of New Jersey : A bill (H. R. 5502) granting By Mr. RUSSELL: A bill (H. R. 5554) granting an increase an increase of i1ension to George R. Shobbeard ; to' the Commit­ of pension to John Woocl ; to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ tee on Invalicl Pensions. sions. By M:r. WOODS of Iowa : .A bill (H. R. 0693) granting a pen­ .Also,. n. bill (H. R. 5555) grantin~ nn increase of pension to sion to .Alma D. Farley; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. John Chaney; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, n bill (H. R. 5504) for the relief of Daniel Swisher ; to Also, a l.>ill (H. R. 55i:m) granting a pension to R. D. Fleming; the Committee on Military Affairs. to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 5557) granting u.. pension to. John Hodges ; to the Committee on Pensions. PETITIONS. ETC. By ~Ir. RICILl..RDSON : A bill (H. R. u55S) for the relief of Under clause 1 of Rule XX.II, petitions and· papers. were laid Xantippe Jackson; to the Committee on. War Claims. on tbe Clerk's desk and referred as follows ~ .Also, a bill (IT. R. 5559) for tb.e .relief of the estates of By l\lr. AKIN of New York : Petitions of Auresvtlle Grnnge, Stephen Cordell and Elizabeth Cordell, deceased; to the Com­ 1\fapletown Grange, Gansevoort Grange, Saratoga Grange, Glens mittee on War Claims. Fnlls Grange, 1\fayfielcl Grange, Montgomery County A~lcul ­ By l\lr. SHARP : .A bill (H. R. 5560) granting an increase of turnl Society, George L. Cary, ancl Leebers' Lane Grunge, all of pension to Milford James ; to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ the State of New York, against Canadian reciprocity; to the sions. Committee on Ways U.Il(l Means. Also, a bill err: R. 5001) granting an increase of pension to By Mr. Al\1DERSON of Ohio : Petitlon of Clyde Kraut Co., of George W. Cushman ; to the Committe'e on Invalid Pensions. Clyde, Ohio, asking for amendment to pure-foocl law inalid Pensions. closer relations with Great Britain ; to tho Committee· on For­ Also,. u.. bill (H. R. 55'i'O ) granting m1 increase of pension to e.i gu .Affairs. Thomas C. Hill ; to the Committee on rn valid Pensions. . By l\Ir. FULLER : Petition o:t International Brotherhood of Also, u bill (H. R. G571) granting a pension to Funny I. Burt; Pnperrunkers, in opposition to Canncllan reciprocity bill; to the to tile Committee on I nvalid Pensions. Committee on Ways nncl Means. By Mr. SIMMONS : A bill (H. R. 5572) for tho relief· of Rob­ Also, petition of .Atlanta Builders' Exchange for the repeal of ert Coggan; to tile Committee on Claims. the eight-hour law as to Government contracts ; to tile Com­ By· Mr. SPEER : A bill ( H. R. 5573) gr:mtfng an increase of mittee on tho Juillciary. pension to James M. Wonders; to tile Committee on Invali~ishing of u par­ Also, a IJill (H: R. 5580) granting an increase of pension to cels-post system; to the Committee on the Post Office ancl Post David H. Daywalt; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Roads. 1911. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE. 301

.Also, petition of W. C. Shcp'.lrd and :other residents of MESSAGB FROM TllE IlOUS.E. Mikado, l\Iich., against Cnn.1diun reciprocity; to the Committee A message :from the House of Representatives, by W . J. on Ways ::tnd Means. Browning, its Chief Clerk, announced that the House had -passed By Mr. McKll~~EY: Resolutions of Tri-City Federation of the following bill and joint resolution, in which it i·cquestecl the Labor of Rock Island and Moline, IlL, nnd Davenport, Iowa, concurrence of the Senate: oppos~d to the concentration of troops on the Mexican border; H . R. 2058. An act to amend nn act entitled "An net provid­ to the Committee on Military Affairs. ing for publicity of contributions made for the purpose of influ­ By Mr. PEPPER : Resolution of Tri-City Federation of Labor encing €lections at whicll Represontativcs in Congress are at Daycnport, Iowa, and Rock Island u.nd Moline, Ill., protest­ elected " · and ing the concentration -0f United States military forces on bor­ H.J. R'es. 39. A joint resolution proposing an amendment to d~rs of .Mc:s::ico uml against :my intervention of the United the Constitution i1roviding that Senators shall be elected by the States forces in the affairs of :Mexico; to the Committee on people of the se\er:il States. .Military Affairs. PETITIONS AND l.fE~OI:.IALS. A.lso, petition of Wllitc Prairie Grange No. 2039, Wilton The VICE PRESIDENT presented u petition of the United Junction, Iowa, against Cnnadian reciprccity; to the Committee Stutes Extrn Customs Laborers' .A.. ssocin.tion of the port of New on Ways and 1\foans. York, praying for the enactment of legislation to ameliorate the .Also petition of G. W. Kiess, of De Witt; W. E. Spencer and present condition of certain employees scHin.g as exh·a customs others: of Da\enport; N. K. Hoss and others, of Victor, and laborers in the customs service of New York, ·which was re­ Joseph F. Holub, of Iowa City, against ruru1 parcels-post SN'T­ ferred to the Committee on Education anu I111bor. ice; to the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads. He al11:0 presented a petitio!l of the congregation of the Church By Mr. ROBERTS of Nevada: Protest of members of local of the Brethren of Beatrice, Nebr., and a petition of the congre­ Fallon Socialist Party, against the mobilization of troops on tbc g:1.tion of tl1e Verdigris Church, of Madison, Kans., praying for l\fcxican border; to the Committee on Military Affairs. tllc enactment of legislation for the suppression of the opium Also (by request), urotest of citizens of Sheffield, Pa., against evil, which were referred to the Committee on Foreign Rela­ the mobiliz:::i.tion of troops on the :Mexican uorller; to the Com­ tions. mittee on :Mllitnry Affairs. He also presented. a petition of Urn national committee of By Mr. SIMMONS: Petitious of Scottsburg Grange, No. 1~20; the Unemployed aud the Brotherhood Welfare Association, pray­ Bethany Grange, No. 748; Transit Gran·ge, No. 1092; North Ja\a ing for the enactment of legislation to ameliorate tlle condition Grange, No. 1158; Lyndonville Grange, N-0. 1146; Stafford of tl.:.e wage earners of the country, which was refei:red to the Grunge, No. 418; Perry Grunge, No. 1163; Grange No. 1086, of Committee on Education and Labor. Hermitage, Wyoming County; Kent Grange, No. 1145; Warsaw l\Ir. l\1cCUl\1BER presented memorials of sundl·y citizens of Grange, No. 1033; Wyoming County Pomona Grange; Dale Hatton, Grafton, Walsh County, Adams County, Richl::tnCal Grange By l\fr. WILLIS: Petitions of W. F. Strah.m and other mem­ of Westmoreland; Local Grange No. 167, of Candia; and of bers of Friendship Grange, No. <370, Kenton, Ohio, and F. J. L<>eal Grange No. 208, of Franconia, of tbe Patrons of Hus­ Burner nnd other members of Benton Ridge Grange, No. 942, lmndry; and of sundry citizens of Loo, Surry, Westmoreland, Benton Ri