DOCSLIB.ORG

ABSTRACT BATEMAN, MELANIE LYNN. Impact of Plant Suitability

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ABSTRACT BATEMAN, MELANIE LYNN. Impact of Plant Suitability ABSTRACT BATEMAN, MELANIE LYNN. Impact of Plant Suitability, Biogeography, and Ecological Factors on Associations between the Specialist Herbivore Heliothis subflexa G. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and the Species in its Host Genus, Physalis L. (Solanaceae), in West-Central Mexico. (Under the direction of Fred Gould.) Caterpillars of the moth species Heliothis subflexa G. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are known to feed exclusively on fruits of plants in the genus Physalis L. (Solanaceae). However, data were lacking on whether H. subflexa is constrained to feeding on a subset of the approximately 90 species in this plant genus. The purpose of this research has been to determine which Physalis species are utilized by H. subflexa and to assess the relative importance of plant nutritional suitability, biogeography, and ecological factors in shaping the realized host range of H. subflexa. This was accomplished through a combination of field observations of plants of 17 Physalis species occurring at 76 field sites in West-Central Mexico, a common garden study, and laboratory bioassays. Variation among Physalis species in their biogeography, life history, fruit traits, and concentrations of essential fatty acids were characterized to determine if these factors impact H. subflexa host use. The realized host range of this specialized herbivore proved to be constrained to thirteen of the seventeen Physalis species examined in this study. Heliothis subflexa varied with respect to the frequency and the intensity with which it infested these thirteen host species. Although H. subflexa’s potential host range included species that it did not infest in the field, some of the potential hosts were suboptimal for larval development, and survivorship on these Physalis species did not differ from survivorship on fruits of a non-Physalis species, Nicandra physalodes, which is not infested by H. subflexa. Positive correlations found between patterns of host use in the field, the common garden, and the laboratory bioassays indicates that plant suitability to larvae and attractiveness to ovipositing females are important determinants of H. subflexa’s realized host range. Heliothis subflexa associations with Physalis species are also influenced by biogeographical factors. Differences in host associations at low versus high elevations may be associated with contemporary population isolation and differentiation. IMPACT OF PLANT SUITABILITY, BIOGEOGRAPHY, AND ECOLOGICAL FACTORS ON ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN THE SPECIALIST HERBIVORE HELIOTHIS SUBFLEXA G. (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) AND THE SPECIES IN ITS HOST GENUS, PHYSALIS L. (SOLANACEAE), IN WEST-CENTRAL MEXICO by Melanie Lynn Bateman A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy ENTOMOLOGY 2006 APPROVED BY: ________________________________ _________________________________ _________________________________ ________________________________ Chair of Advisory Committee BIOGRAPHY Melanie Bateman comes from a long line of outdoor enthusiasts and gardeners. Her grandparents on both sides of her family would have made excellent botanists and field biologists. Enthusiasm for plants and the outdoors did not skip a generation. Melanie’s parents took her and her brother on camping and hiking trips throughout their childhoods. She has fond memories of collecting plant material for her parents’ wildflower garden. Her first job was at a plant nursery. Given her lineage and the environment in which she was raised, Melanie’s subsequent career path in biology came naturally to her. Melanie earned a B.S. in Biology from Duke University. During her undergraduate studies, she carried out independent study projects in the laboratories of Drs. Mark Rausher, Paul Manos, and Janis Antonovics with the guidance of Nora Underwood and Matt Olson. Through a summer program at the Rocky Mountain Research Laboratory in Gothic, Colorado, she had the opportunity to fly in an airplane for the first time and to get to know the American West. She also spent a semester abroad studying ecology and culture in Venezuela. After college, she worked as a research assistant for Drs. Phyllis Coley and Tom Kursar at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Station on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. During her Ph. D. studies, Melanie moved over ten times. Each time that she packed her bags, she set off on another exciting international research opportunity. The bulk of her Ph. D. research was conducted over three years in Jalisco, Mexico. During her first two years of study in Mexico, she got a taste of big city life by living in apartments in Guadalajara. In those first two years of the project, her home base was the Centro de Ciencias Biologicas y Agropecuarias of the Universidad de Guadalajara. In her third year of study in Mexico, she was based at the Estación de Biología Chamela, UNAM, on the Pacific Coast of Jalisco. Following her last year of study in Mexico, she received a scholarship from the Toepfer Foundation which allowed her to conduct research on the fatty acid concentrations in the fruits of Physalis at the Max Planck Institute in Jena, Germany. Now she awaits her next adventure. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank my family: my parents for their support, their unwavering faith in me, and phone conversations that transcend the distances that separate us; my brother for his incisiveness and his intellect; and my grandparents for being a source of inspiration. I would like to express my gratitude to CC Maurer, Shawn Fitzpatrick, Newton Fitzpatrick, and Annika Schauer for being excellent roommates and forces of good in my life. I give my love and appreciation to old friends from Duke. To Kasane, Emmy, Jessica, John and Ginna: you are my fresh air and you help me to always remember who I am. New friends in Raleigh have also been invaluable. Stef, JB, Beth T., Beth M., Maria, Jeff, Skip, Chris, and Josh helped make Raleigh feel like “my town”. I am grateful to Fred Gould for all that he has given me over the years: his support, advice, access to opportunities, and patience. Likewise, Cavell Brownie helped me throughout with advice on statistical analyses. I would like to thank my committee members Trudy Mackay, Nick Haddad, and George Kennedy for their insights. All of the members of the Gould lab have been valuable sources of constructive criticism. Molly Puente is an exemplary editor. I feel lucky to have collaborated with Nicole Benda, who makes everything more fun. In general, the Bug Lab (as christened by Amanda) has been a source of companionship and commiseration. In particular, I am grateful for the friendship of Nicole, Molly, Astrid Groot, and Maria Simms. I would also like to give my heartfelt appreciation to Ofelia Vargas Ponce and Mollie Harker. Without their advice, their help, and their friendship, I would have been unable to carry out my Ph. D. research in Mexico. Mollie gave me shelter, sympathy when I was sick, rides to the university, oranges from her tree, and countless other kindnesses. Ofelia introduced me to Physalis and formal/polite communication in Spanish. I would like to express my gratitude to the researchers with whom I collaborated at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology in Jena, Germany. Birigt Schulze is a wonderful person who has an impressive ability to convey information. Through the example of Jan Schiers and David Heckel, I learned how to work in an integrated team. I can only hope to immulate their work ethic and their incisive approach. Finally, I am indebted to my sources of funding. Without support from the National Science Foundation Pre-doctoral Fellowship, the EPA NCER’s P3 Student Design Competition, the Keck Foundation, or the Toepfer Foundation, none of this research would have been possible. In particular, the Keck Center for Behavioral Biology, the P3 Student Design Competition, and the Toepfer Foundation each gave me access to unique experiences that were meaningful in ways beyond mere monetary support. Interactions associated with each of these organizations inspired me in unanticipated ways. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES . vi LIST OF FIGURES . viii 1. INTRODUCTION . 1 Why are there so many species? . 1 How is herbivore host range constrained? . 2 Case studies as a tool for the study of plant-herbivore interactions . .. 3 Heliothis subflexa & Physalis, a case study . 5 References . 8 2. IMPACT OF PLANT SUITABILITY, BIOGEOGRAPHY, AND ECOLOGICAL FACTORS ON ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN THE SPECIALIST HERBIVORE Heliothis subflexa G. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) AND PLANTS IN THE GENUS Physalis L. (Solanaceae) . 14 Abstract . 15 Introduction . 16 Methods . 18 Results . 28 Discussion . 33 Acknowledgements . 35 References . 35 Tables and Figures . 42 3. BIOGEOGRAPHICAL PATTERNS OF PHYSALIS (SOLANACEAE) DISTRIBUTION IN WEST-CENTRAL MEXICO . 54 Abstract . 55 Introduction . 56 Methods . 58 Results . 63 Discussion . 66 Acknowledgements . 69 References . 69 Tables and figures . 74 4. VARIATION AMONG ELEVEN SPECIES OF PHYSALIS (SOLANACEAE) IN LIFE HISTORY . 81 Abstract . 82 Introduction . 83 Methods . 85 iv Results . 91 Discussion . 93 Acknowledgements . 94 References . 94 Table and figures . 98 5. VARIATION IN ESSENTIAL FATTY ACID CONCENTRATIONS IN THE FRUITS OF NINE PHYSALIS SPECIES & ITS RELATIONSHIP TO HERBIVORE DEFENSE . 109 Abstract . 110 Introduction . 110 Methods . 112 Results . 116 Discussion . 117 Acknowledgements . 118 References . 118 Tables and figures . 122 6. Appendices . 129 A. Description of the field sites in West-Central Mexico, 2002-2004 . 130 B. Insects found in association with Physalis plants in the field and in the common gardens in West-Central Mexico . 134 C. SAS codes for some key statistical tests . 135 v LIST OF TABLES TABLE 2.1. Description of the 17 Physalis species examined in this study . 42 TABLE 2.2. Time period of data collection in the field in each year of the study . 44 TABLE 2.3. Description of the H.subflexa laboratory colonies that were used in the bioassays and the conditions under which they were maintained . 44 TABLE 2.4. Results of logistic regression on the percentage of plants with H.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1 Curriculum Vitae Peter Stiling Education Academic
    CURRICULUM VITAE PETER STILING Office of the Provost University of South Florida 4202 East Fowler Avenue Tampa, FL 33620-5150 Tel: (813) 974-5558 Email: [email protected] EDUCATION Ph.D. Zoology - University College Cardiff, Wales, 1979 B.S. (Hons) Biology - University of East Anglia, England, 1976 ACADEMIC POSITIONS 2002-present, Professor, University of South Florida 1996-2002, Associate Professor, University of South Florida 1990-1996, Assistant Professor, University of South Florida 1985-1990, Research Associate, Florida State University 1983-1985, Lecturer, University of the West Indies, Trinidad 1980-1983, Research Assistant, Florida State University AWARDS 2013 Theodore and Venette Askounes-Ashford Distinguished Scholar Award 2012 Fellow AAAS (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 2008 Faculty Award for Research, Scholarly and Creative Excellence 2004 Winner – Best paper 2002-2003, Royal Entomological Society. 2003 President’s Award for Faculty Excellence 2000-2001, Visiting Scientist, Smithsonian Institution 1995 Teaching Incentive Program Award ADMINISTRATIVE APPOINTMENTS Assistant Vice Provost, Strategic Initiatives, 2016-present My role as Assistant Vice Provost, Strategic Initiatives, centers around four strategic initiatives: 1. The University of South Florida System STEM Collaborative. Over the last decade, the University of South Florida System has placed great emphasis on STEM, the science, technology, engineering and math fields and medicine. This is an area of critical importance not only in Tampa Bay, but also across the nation. The President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology, PCAST, found that economic forecasts predicted a need for producing, over the next decade, one million more college graduates in STEM fields than expected under current assumptions.
    [Show full text]
  • The Development and Use of Varieties of Beans Resistant to Certain Insect Pests of Legumes
    THE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF VARIETIES OF BEANS RESISTANT TO CERTAIN INSECT PESTS OF LEGUMES, DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University By JOSE CALDERON GUEVARA, Ing. Agr., M. Sc. The Ohio State University. 1957 Approved by: CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION ...................... 1 REVIEW OE LITERATURE ............................. 4 Insect Outbreaks .................... 4 Food Plant Selection by Insects ................ 11 The Mechanisms of Resistance .................. 14 Cause of Resistance ........................... 18 Factors that Affect the Expression or the Permanence of Resistance .................. 22 SYNOPSIS OF THE BIOLOGY OF THE APION POD WEEVIL .... 29 SELECTION OF VARIETIES RESISTANT TO THE APION POD WEEVIL, APION GODMANI WAG................... 30 Seasonal infestation of A. godmani Wagner in Susceptible Varieties .............. 31 Investigation of the Cause of Resistance on beans to Apion godmani Wagner ........... 37 Crossing Program for A. godmani Resistance ....... 42 Classification of Bean Varieties and Lines ac­ cording to Resistance to the ApionPod Weevil .. 49 NOTES ON THE BIOLOGY OF THE SEED CORN MAGGOT IN MEXICO .... 52 Experiments on Seed Color Preference of Hylemya cilicrura .................................. 59 Preliminary Selection of Resistant Varieties to the Seed Corn Maggot ........... 61, ii PRELIMINARY EXPERIMENTS ON THE SELECTION. OF BEAN VARIETIES RESISTANT TO THE POTATO LEAFHOPPER .... 64 Experiments at the University Farm, Columbus,Ohio. 67 Experimental Designs ........................... 67 Relationship Between the Potato Leafhopper and Bean Plants ................................. 68 Leafhopper Damage .................... ......... 69 Recuperation of the Bean Plant from Insect Attack and Seasonal Differences .............. 72 Effect of Weather on the Potato Leafhopper and the Bean Plant .............................. 76 Tolerance of Different Bean Varieties to the Potato Leafhopper .....
    [Show full text]
  • A Revision of the New World Species of Donacaula Meyrick and a Phylogenetic Analysis of Related Schoenobiinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
    Mississippi State University Scholars Junction Theses and Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 1-1-2010 A Revision Of The New World Species Of Donacaula Meyrick And A Phylogenetic Analysis Of Related Schoenobiinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Edda Lis Martinez Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/td Recommended Citation Martinez, Edda Lis, "A Revision Of The New World Species Of Donacaula Meyrick And A Phylogenetic Analysis Of Related Schoenobiinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)" (2010). Theses and Dissertations. 248. https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/td/248 This Dissertation - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Scholars Junction. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholars Junction. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A REVISION OF THE NEW WORLD SPECIES OF DONACAULA MEYRICK AND A PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF RELATED SCHOENOBIINAE (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE) By Edda Lis Martínez A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Mississippi State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Entomology in the Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Mississippi State, Mississippi December 2010 A REVISION OF THE NEW WORLD SPECIES OF DONACAULA MEYRICK AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF RELATED SCHOENOBIINAE (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE) By Edda Lis Martínez Approved: ______________________________ ______________________________ Richard
    [Show full text]
  • Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Colectadas En Cultivos Agrícolas Del Norte De México
    Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente, Volumen XVII, Edición Especial: 173-181, 2011. ESPECIES NATIVAS DE Trichogramma (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE) COLECTADAS EN CULTIVOS AGRÍCOLAS DEL NORTE DE MÉXICO NATIVE Trichogramma (HYMENOPTERA: TRICHOGRAMMATIDAE) SPECIES COLLECTED IN AGRICULTURAL CROPS OF NORTHERN MEXICO Fabián García-González1¶; Roberto Mercado-Hernández2; Alejandro González-Hernández2; Manuel Ramírez-Delgado3 1Universidad Autónoma Chapingo-Unidad Regional Universitaria de Zonas Áridas, Domicilio Conocido. Bermejillo, Dgo. MÉXICO. C. P. 35230. (¶Autor para correspondencia) Correo-e: [email protected] 2Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas. Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, N. L. MÉXICO. 3Campo Experimental La Laguna. INIFAP-CIRNOC. Matamoros, Coah. MÉXICO. RESUMEN Recibido: 06 de septiembre, 2010 Aceptado: 25 de abril, 2011 doi: 10.5154/r.rchscfa. 2010.09.070 Trichogramma atopovirilia Oatman y Platner, T. deion Pinto y Oatman, T. exiguum Pinto y Platner, T. www.chapingo.mex./revistas fuentesi Torre y T. pretiosum Riley, fueron determinadas de 27 muestras colectadas en los siguientes cultivos: algodonero, caña de azúcar, chile serrano, col, girasol, maíz, naranjo, nogal, soya y tomate, establecidos en ocho estados del norte de México. T. pretiosum se determinó en algodonero, chile serrano, col, girasol, maíz, naranjo, nogal, soya y tomate; T. fuentesi en muestras de maíz y nogal; en muestras de maíz a T. exiguum y T. deion; y T. atopovirilia en caña de azúcar. T. pretiosum fue encontrada en 19 de las 27 muestras revisadas, en contraste T. atopovirilia y T. exiguum se determi- naron en una muestra cada una. La determinación de T. deion y T. fuentesi en las muestras de maíz, PALABRAS CLAVE: Parasitoides, Trichogramma, se consideran como nuevos reportes para México.
    [Show full text]
  • Keystone Ancient Forest Preserve Resource Management Plan 2011
    Keystone Ancient Forest Preserve Resource Management Plan 2011 Osage County & Tulsa County, Oklahoma Lowell Caneday, Ph.D. With Kaowen (Grace) Chang, Ph.D., Debra Jordan, Re.D., Michael J. Bradley, and Diane S. Hassell This page intentionally left blank. 2 Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge the assistance of numerous individuals in the preparation of this Resource Management Plan. On behalf of the Oklahoma Tourism and Recreation Department’s Division of State Parks, staff members were extremely helpful in providing access to information and in sharing of their time. In particular, this assistance was provided by Deby Snodgrass, Kris Marek, and Doug Hawthorne – all from the Oklahoma City office of the Oklahoma Tourism and Recreation Department. However, it was particularly the assistance provided by Grant Gerondale, Director of Parks and Recreation for the City of Sand Springs, Oklahoma, that initiated the work associated with this RMP. Grant provided a number of documents, hosted an on-site tour of the Ancient Forest, and shared his passion for this property. It is the purpose of the Resource Management Plan to be a living document to assist with decisions related to the resources within the park and the management of those resources. The authors’ desire is to assist decision-makers in providing high quality outdoor recreation experiences and resources for current visitors, while protecting the experiences and the resources for future generations. Lowell Caneday, Ph.D., Professor Leisure Studies Oklahoma State University Stillwater,
    [Show full text]
  • United States Department of Agriculture BUREAU of ENTOMOLOGY and Plat QUARANTIN!
    Bur. Ent. & P. Q. Issued June 1944 United States Department of Agriculture BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY AND PLAt QUARANTIN! SERVICE AND REGULATORY ANNOUNCEMENTS LIST OF INTERCEPTED PLANT PESTS, 1943 (List of Pests Recorded During the Period July 1, 1942, to June 30, 1943, Inclusive, as Intercepted in, on, or with Plants anid-Plant Products Entering United States Territory.) INTRODUCTION This report covers the thirtieth year for which lsts of pest interceptions have been issued. During the first year, the fiscal year 1914, a total of 1,456 inter- ceptions were recorded. The highest number in any list is 81,592 for the fiscal year 1940. Interceptions for the thirty-year period total more than 600,000. The records summarized in this report include pests intercepted in, on, or with plants and plant products (1) imported, (2) offered for but refused entry, (3) held as ships' stores, etc., and hence not imported through customs, (4) offered for entry for immediate export or for immediate transportation and exportation in bond, and (5) in domestic shipments between Hawaii and Puerto Rico and the mainland. Determinations of collections made near the close of the preceding year are included with data for the current year. In addition to routine reports and determinations by the personnel of this Bureau, considerable information is supplied by State and customs officials. Staffs of specialists maintained by the States of California and Florida and the Territory of Hawaii determine most of the interceptions made there, and specialists of the Bureau of Plant Industry determine a large part of the more difficult plant-disease material.
    [Show full text]
  • Species List for Garey Park-Inverts
    Species List for Garey Park-Inverts Category Order Family Scientific Name Common Name Abundance Category Order Family Scientific Name Common Name Abundance Arachnid Araneae Agelenidae Funnel Weaver Common Arachnid Araneae Thomisidae Misumena vatia Goldenrod Crab Spider Common Arachnid Araneae Araneidae Araneus miniatus Black-Spotted Orbweaver Rare Arachnid Araneae Thomisidae Misumessus oblongus American Green Crab Spider Common Arachnid Araneae Araneidae Argiope aurantia Yellow Garden Spider Common Arachnid Araneae Uloboridae Uloborus glomosus Featherlegged Orbweaver Uncommon Arachnid Araneae Araneidae Argiope trifasciata Banded Garden Spider Uncommon Arachnid Endeostigmata Eriophyidae Aceria theospyri Persimmon Leaf Blister Gall Rare Arachnid Araneae Araneidae Gasteracantha cancriformis Spinybacked Orbweaver Common Arachnid Endeostigmata Eriophyidae Aculops rhois Poison Ivy Leaf Mite Common Arachnid Araneae Araneidae Gea heptagon Heptagonal Orbweaver Rare Arachnid Ixodida Ixodidae Amblyomma americanum Lone Star Tick Rare Arachnid Araneae Araneidae Larinioides cornutus Furrow Orbweaver Common Arachnid Ixodida Ixodidae Dermacentor variabilis American Dog Tick Common Arachnid Araneae Araneidae Mangora gibberosa Lined Orbweaver Uncommon Arachnid Opiliones Sclerosomatidae Leiobunum vittatum Eastern Harvestman Uncommon Arachnid Araneae Araneidae Mangora placida Tuft-legged Orbweaver Uncommon Arachnid Trombidiformes Anystidae Whirligig Mite Rare Arachnid Araneae Araneidae Mecynogea lemniscata Basilica Orbweaver Rare Arachnid Eumesosoma roeweri
    [Show full text]
  • Arthropods in Natural Communities in Mescal Agave (Agave Durangensis Gentry) in an Arid Zone
    American Journal of Applied Sciences 8 (10): 933-944, 2011 ISSN 1546-9239 © 2011 Science Publications Arthropods in Natural Communities in Mescal Agave (Agave durangensis Gentry) in an Arid Zone 1María P. González-Castillo, 1Manuel Quintos Escalante and 2,3 Gabriela Castaño-Meneses 1Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación Para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Durango, (CIIDIR-IPN, U-DGO). Sigma 119, Fraccionamiento 20 de Noviembre, II Durango, Dgo. C.P. 34220, Mexico; Becarios-COFAA-IPN, 2Ecología y Sistemática de Microartrópodos, Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 3Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias. Campus Juriquilla. Universidad Nacional Autónoma, de México. Boulevard Juriquilla 3002. C.P. 76230, Querétaro, Mexico Abstract: Problem statement: The arthropods have a very important role in the arid zones due to their interactions with many organism and because they constituted an important element in the structure of the plant community. Nevertheless their importance there are few knowledge about the community of arthropods associated to vegetation in arid zones in the North of Mexico. The present study had the objective of determining the abundance, richness and diversity of arthropods in three localities where there are natural populations of mescal agave in the State of Durango, Mexico. Approach: In order to know the structure community of the arthropods associated to the mescal agave, we perform a sampling schedule during March 2008 to November 2010 by direct collection, using transects in three different localities with the presence of mescal agave. The relative abundance, species richness, Shannon’s diversity index, Pielou’s Index of evenness, Jaccard’s similitude and Simpson’s dominance indexes were determined.
    [Show full text]
  • Acquired Natural Enemies of Oxyops Vitiosa 1
    Christensen et al.: Acquired Natural Enemies of Oxyops vitiosa 1 ACQUIRED NATURAL ENEMIES OF THE WEED BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT OXYOPS VITIOSA (COLEPOTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) ROBIN M. CHRISTENSEN, PAUL D. PRATT, SHERYL L. COSTELLO, MIN B. RAYAMAJHI AND TED D. CENTER USDA/ARS, Invasive Plant Research Laboratory, 3225 College Ave., Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33314 ABSTRACT The Australian curculionid Oxyops vitiosa Pascoe was introduced into Florida in 1997 as a biological control agent of the invasive tree Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S. T. Blake. Pop- ulations of the weevil increased rapidly and became widely distributed throughout much of the invasive tree’s adventive distribution. In this study we ask if O. vitiosa has acquired nat- ural enemies in Florida, how these enemies circumvent the protective terpenoid laden exu- dates on larvae, and what influence 1 of the most common natural enemies has on O. vitiosa population densities? Surveys of O. vitiosa populations and rearing of field-collected individ- uals resulted in no instances of parasitoids or pathogens exploiting weevil eggs or larvae. In contrast, 44 species of predatory arthropods were commonly associated (>5 individuals when pooled across all sites and sample dates) with O. vitiosa. Eleven predatory species were ob- served feeding on O. vitiosa during timed surveys, including 6 pentatomid species, 2 formi- cids and 3 arachnids. Species with mandibulate or chelicerate mouthparts fed on adult stages whereas pentatomids, with haustellate beaks, pierced larval exoskeletons thereby by- passing the protective larval coating. Observations of predation were rare, with only 8% of timed surveys resulting in 1 or more instances of attack. Feeding by the pentatomid Podisus mucronatus Uhler accounted for 76% of all recorded predation events.
    [Show full text]
  • Control Biológico
    CONTROL BIOLÓGICO EXTRACTOS ENZIMÁTICOS DE Beauveria bassiana, UNA ALTERNATIVA PARA EL CONTROL DE Metamasius spinolae (GYLLENHAL BUSK), BAJO CONDICIONES DE LABORATORIO Lluvia de Carolina Sánchez-Pérez1; Silvia Rodríguez-Navarro1; Juan Esteban Barranco-Florido2; Erika Chávez- Ibañez1; Miguel Ángel Ramos-López2. 1Departamento de Producción Agrícola y Animal. 2Departamento de Sistemas Biológicos. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco. Calzada del Hueso #1100, Colonia Villa Quietud, Delegación Coyoacán. México 04960. [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]. mx. RESUMEN. Se evaluó la acción de conidios y extractos enzimáticos de Beauveria bassiana individualmente y en conjunto con el fin de acelerar el proceso infectivo del B. bassiana sobre Metamasius spinolae obtenidos de Milpa Alta, D. F., bajo condiciones de laboratorio, planteándose como alternativa para el control de esta plaga en el cultivo del nopal. Se montó un bioensayo con 6 tratamientos obteniendo un 100% de mortalidad en todos los tratamientos sin existir diferencia significativa; pero al evaluar el tiempo de muerte existió diferencia significativa que muestra una aceleración de mortalidad. La propuesta de utilizar simultáneamente conidios + extractos enzimáticos se propuso debido a que probablemente acelera y facilita la degradación y penetración del tegumento del insecto. Palabras clave: extractos enzimáticos, Beauveria bassiana, Metamasius spinolae, degradación, fermentación sólida. Enzymatic extracts of Beauveria bassiana, an alternative to control Metamasius spinolae (Gyllenhal Busk) under laboratory conditions ABSTRACT. We evaluated the action of enzymatic extracts of conidia and Beauveria bassiana individually and together in order to accelerate the infective process of B. bassiana on Metamasius spinolae from Milpa Alta, D. F., under laboratory conditions, as v f h f h p ¨ p ”.
    [Show full text]
  • Insects and Other Terrestrial Arthropods from the Leeward Hawaiian Islands1 Most Recent Immigrant Insects Now Known from The
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by ScholarSpace at University of Hawai'i at Manoa Vol. XIX, No. 2, September, 1966 157 Insects and Other Terrestrial Arthropods from the Leeward Hawaiian Islands1 John W. Beardsley UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII, HONOLULU, HAWAII INTRODUCTION The Leeward Hawaiian Islands comprise a chain of small rocky islets, and coral atolls which extend west-northwest of Kauai. Nihoa, the nearest, is about 150 miles from Kauai, while Kure, the furthermost, is some 1,150 miles away (see map, p. 158). All Leeward Islands except Midway and Kure are now a part of the Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This paper summarizes results of recent entomological field work in these islands, and attempts to update the existing lists of insects and other terrestrial arthropods known. The terrestrial arthropod fauna of these islands is a mixture of endemic or indigenous elements and recently, adventive forms. The numbers of endemic species are greatest on the two relatively undisturbed southeastern volcanic islands of Nihoa and Necker, and apparently have disappeared largely from the more northwesterly atolls where, in most cases, the original vegetation has changed drastically in the past 100 years or so. Extinction of native plants and endemic insects has been documented fairly well for Laysan fChristophersen & Caum, 1931, Butler & Usinger, 1963a). Un fortunately, less is known about the original biota of the other atolls. Most recent immigrant insects now known from the Leeward Islands occur also on the larger inhabited islands of Hawaii; however, two species could become serious crop pests should they spread into agricultural areas of the state.
    [Show full text]
  • Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae) Inferred from DNA and Morphology 141-204 77 (1): 141 – 204 2019
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny Jahr/Year: 2019 Band/Volume: 77 Autor(en)/Author(s): Mally Richard, Hayden James E., Neinhuis Christoph, Jordal Bjarte H., Nuss Matthias Artikel/Article: The phylogenetic systematics of Spilomelinae and Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae) inferred from DNA and morphology 141-204 77 (1): 141 – 204 2019 © Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 2019. The phylogenetic systematics of Spilomelinae and Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae) inferred from DNA and morphology Richard Mally *, 1, James E. Hayden 2, Christoph Neinhuis 3, Bjarte H. Jordal 1 & Matthias Nuss 4 1 University Museum of Bergen, Natural History Collections, Realfagbygget, Allégaten 41, 5007 Bergen, Norway; Richard Mally [richard. [email protected], [email protected]], Bjarte H. Jordal [[email protected]] — 2 Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Ser- vices, Division of Plant Industry, 1911 SW 34th Street, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA; James E. Hayden [[email protected]] — 3 Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Botanik, 01062 Dresden, Germany; Christoph Neinhuis [[email protected]] — 4 Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden, Museum für Tierkunde, Königsbrücker Landstraße 159, 01109 Dresden, Germany; Matthias Nuss [[email protected]] — * Corresponding author Accepted on March 14, 2019. Published online at www.senckenberg.de/arthropod-systematics on May 17, 2019. Published in print on June 03, 2019. Editors in charge: Brian Wiegmann & Klaus-Dieter Klass. Abstract. Spilomelinae and Pyraustinae form a species-rich monophylum of Crambidae (snout moths). Morphological distinction of the two groups has been diffcult in the past, and the morphologically heterogenous Spilomelinae has not been broadly accepted as a natural group due to the lack of convincing apomorphies.
    [Show full text]