Survey, Documentation and Synoptic Classification of Pyraloidea
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Agr. Nat. Resour. 54 (2020) 499–506 AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES Journal homepage: http://anres.kasetsart.org Research article Checklist of the Tribe Spilomelini (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae) in Thailand Sunadda Chaovalita,†, Nantasak Pinkaewb,†,* a Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand b Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaengsaen, Kasetsart University, Kamphaengsaen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand Article Info Abstract Article history: In total, 100 species in 40 genera of the tribe Spilomelini were confirmed to occur in Thailand Received 5 July 2019 based on the specimens preserved in Thailand and Japan. Of these, 47 species were new records Revised 25 July 2019 Accepted 15 August 2019 for Thailand. Conogethes tenuialata Chaovalit and Yoshiyasu, 2019 was the latest new recorded Available online 30 October 2020 species from Thailand. This information will contribute to an ongoing program to develop a pest database and subsequently to a facilitate pest management scheme in Thailand. Keywords: Crambidae, Pyraustinae, Spilomelini, Thailand, pest Introduction The tribe Spilomelini is one of the major pests in tropical and subtropical regions. Moths in this tribe have been considered as The tribe Spilomelini Guenée (1854) is one of the largest tribes and the major pests of economic crops such as rice, sugarcane, bean belongs to the subfamily Pyraustinae, family Crambidae; it consists of pods and corn (Khan et al., 1988; Hill, 2007), durian (Kuroko 55 genera and 5,929 species worldwide with approximately 86 genera and Lewvanich, 1993), citrus, peach and macadamia, (Common, and 220 species of Spilomelini being reported in North America 1990), mulberry (Sharifi et. -
Island Biology Island Biology
IIssllaanndd bbiioollooggyy Allan Sørensen Allan Timmermann, Ana Maria Martín González Camilla Hansen Camille Kruch Dorte Jensen Eva Grøndahl, Franziska Petra Popko, Grete Fogtmann Jensen, Gudny Asgeirsdottir, Hubertus Heinicke, Jan Nikkelborg, Janne Thirstrup, Karin T. Clausen, Karina Mikkelsen, Katrine Meisner, Kent Olsen, Kristina Boros, Linn Kathrin Øverland, Lucía de la Guardia, Marie S. Hoelgaard, Melissa Wetter Mikkel Sørensen, Morten Ravn Knudsen, Pedro Finamore, Petr Klimes, Rasmus Højer Jensen, Tenna Boye Tine Biedenweg AARHUS UNIVERSITY 2005/ESSAYS IN EVOLUTIONARY ECOLOGY Teachers: Bodil K. Ehlers, Tanja Ingversen, Dave Parker, MIchael Warrer Larsen, Yoko L. Dupont & Jens M. Olesen 1 C o n t e n t s Atlantic Ocean Islands Faroe Islands Kent Olsen 4 Shetland Islands Janne Thirstrup 10 Svalbard Linn Kathrin Øverland 14 Greenland Eva Grøndahl 18 Azores Tenna Boye 22 St. Helena Pedro Finamore 25 Falkland Islands Kristina Boros 29 Cape Verde Islands Allan Sørensen 32 Tristan da Cunha Rasmus Højer Jensen 36 Mediterranean Islands Corsica Camille Kruch 39 Cyprus Tine Biedenweg 42 Indian Ocean Islands Socotra Mikkel Sørensen 47 Zanzibar Karina Mikkelsen 50 Maldives Allan Timmermann 54 Krakatau Camilla Hansen 57 Bali and Lombok Grete Fogtmann Jensen 61 Pacific Islands New Guinea Lucía de la Guardia 66 2 Solomon Islands Karin T. Clausen 70 New Caledonia Franziska Petra Popko 74 Samoa Morten Ravn Knudsen 77 Tasmania Jan Nikkelborg 81 Fiji Melissa Wetter 84 New Zealand Marie S. Hoelgaard 87 Pitcairn Katrine Meisner 91 Juan Fernandéz Islands Gudny Asgeirsdottir 95 Hawaiian Islands Petr Klimes 97 Galápagos Islands Dorthe Jensen 102 Caribbean Islands Cuba Hubertus Heinicke 107 Dominica Ana Maria Martin Gonzalez 110 Essay localities 3 The Faroe Islands Kent Olsen Introduction The Faroe Islands is a treeless archipelago situated in the heart of the warm North Atlantic Current on the Wyville Thompson Ridge between 61°20’ and 62°24’ N and between 6°15’ and 7°41’ W. -
Bunga Rampai Tembakau Madura Yang Berjudul “Peningkatan Produksi Dan Mutu Tembakau Madura Melalui Inovasi Teknologi Dan Dukungan Kebijakan”
PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI DAN MUTU TEMBAKAU MADURA MELALUI INOVASI TEKNOLOGI DAN DUKUNGAN KEBIJAKAN i ii PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI DAN MUTU TEMBAKAU MADURA MELALUI INOVASI TEKNOLOGI DAN DUKUNGAN KEBIJAKAN Penyunting Djajadi Bambang Heliyanto Titiek Yulianti Emy Sulistyowati Subiyakto Mohammad Cholid Joko Hartono Nur Richana iii IAARD PRESS Peningkatan Produksi Dan Mutu Tembakau Madura Melalui Inovasi Teknologi Dan Dukungan Kebijakan @2018 IAARD PRESS Edisi 1 : 2018 Hak cipta dilindungi Undang-undang @IAARD PRESS Katalog dalam terbitan (KDT) BALAI PENELITIAN TANAMAN PEMANIS DAN SERAT: Peningkatan Produksi dan Mutu Tembakau Madura Melalui Inovasi Teknologi dan Dukungan Kebijakan/ Djajadi… [dkk.].-Jakarta : IAARD Press, 2018. xxvii, 353 hlm.; 21 cm. ISBN: 978-602-344-239-3 633.71 1. Balittas 2. Tembakau Madura 3. Produksi 4. Mutu I. Judul II. Djajadi Penulis : Aprilia Ridhawati; Djajadi; Elda Nurnasari; Fadjry Djufry; Fatkhur Rochman; Heri Prabowo; Joko Hartono; Kristiana Sri Wijayanti; Lia Verona; Nunik Eka Diana; Nur Asbani; Roni Syaputra; Ruly Hamida; Sesanti Basuki; Sri Adi Kadarsih; Sri Yulaikah; Subiyakto; Sulis Nur Hidayati; Suminar Dyah Nugraheni; Supriyadi; Supriyono; Suwarso; Teger Basuki; Yoga Angangga Yogi Penyunting Djajadi Bambang Heliyanto Titiek Yulianti Emy Sulistyowati Subiyakto Mohammad Cholid Joko Hartono Nur Richana Perancang Cover dan Penata Letak : Tim Kreatif IAARD PRESS Penerbit IAARD PRESS Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Jl, Ragunan No 29, Pasar Minggu, Jakarta 12540 Email: [email protected] iv Anggota IKAPI No: 445/DKI/2012 v PENGANTAR uji syukur kami panjatkan ke hadirat Allah Tuhan Yang Maha Esa atas semua limpahan rahmat dan karunia-Nya Psehingga buku mengenai Tembakau Madura yang berjudul ”Peningkatan Produksi dan Mutu Tembakau Madura Melalui Inovasi Teknologi dan Dukungan Kebijakan” dapat diterbitkan. -
Andhra Pradesh
PROFILES OF SELECTED NATIONAL PARKS AND SANCTUARIES OF INDIA JULY 2002 EDITED BY SHEKHAR SINGH ARPAN SHARMA INDIAN INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION NEW DELHI CONTENTS STATE NAME OF THE PA ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR CAMPBELL BAY NATIONAL PARK ISLANDS GALATHEA NATIONAL PARK MOUNT HARRIET NATIONAL PARK NORTH BUTTON ISLAND NATIONAL PARK MIDDLE BUTTON ISLAND NATIONAL PARK SOUTH BUTTON ISLAND NATIONAL PARK RANI JHANSI MARINE NATIONAL PARK WANDOOR MARINE NATIONAL PARK CUTHBERT BAY WILDLIFE SANCTUARY GALATHEA BAY WILDLIFE SANCTUARY INGLIS OR EAST ISLAND SANCTUARY INTERVIEW ISLAND SANCTUARY LOHABARRACK OR SALTWATER CROCODILE SANCTUARY ANDHRA PRADESH ETURUNAGARAM SANCTUARY KAWAL WILDLIFE SANCTUARY KINNERSANI SANCTUARY NAGARJUNASAGAR-SRISAILAM TIGER RESERVE PAKHAL SANCTUARY PAPIKONDA SANCTUARY PRANHITA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY ASSAM MANAS NATIONAL PARK GUJARAT BANSDA NATIONAL PARK PURNA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY HARYANA NAHAR SANCTUARY KALESAR SANCTUARY CHHICHHILA LAKE SANCTUARY ABUBSHEHAR SANCTUARY BIR BARA VAN JIND SANCTUARY BIR SHIKARGAH SANCTUARY HIMACHAL PRADESH PONG LAKE SANCTUARY RUPI BHABA SANCTUARY SANGLA SANCTUARY KERALA SILENT VALLEY NATIONAL PARK ARALAM SANCTUARY CHIMMONY SANCTUARY PARAMBIKULAM SANCTUARY PEECHI VAZHANI SANCTUARY THATTEKAD BIRD SANCTUARY WAYANAD WILDLIFE SANCTUARY MEGHALAYA BALPAKARAM NATIONAL PARK SIJU WILDLIFE SANCTUARY NOKREK NATIONAL PARK NONGKHYLLEM WILDLIFE SANCTUARY MIZORAM MURLEN NATIONAL PARK PHAWNGPUI (BLUE MOUNTAIN) NATIONAL 2 PARK DAMPA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY KHAWNGLUNG WILDLIFE SANCTUARY LENGTENG WILDLIFE SANCTUARY NGENGPUI WILDLIFE -
The Associations Between Pteridophytes and Arthropods
FERN GAZ. 12(1) 1979 29 THE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN PTERIDOPHYTES AND ARTHROPODS URI GERSON The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Faculty of Agriculture, Rehovot, Israel. ABSTRACT Insects belonging to 12 orders, as well as mites, millipedes, woodlice and tardigrades have been collected from Pterldophyta. Primitive and modern, as well as general and specialist arthropods feed on pteridophytes. Insects and mites may cause slight to severe damage, all plant parts being susceptible. Several arthropods are pests of commercial Pteridophyta, their control being difficult due to the plants' sensitivity to pesticides. Efforts are currently underway to employ insects for the biological control of bracken and water ferns. Although Pteridophyta are believed to be relatively resistant to arthropods, the evidence is inconclusive; pteridophyte phytoecdysones do not appear to inhibit insect feeders. Other secondary compounds of preridophytes, like prunasine, may have a more important role in protecting bracken from herbivores. Several chemicals capable of adversely affecting insects have been extracted from Pteridophyta. The litter of pteridophytes provides a humid habitat for various parasitic arthropods, like the sheep tick. Ants often abound on pteridophytes (especially in the tropics) and may help in protecting these plants while nesting therein. These and other associations are discussed . lt is tenatively suggested that there might be a difference in the spectrum of arthropods attacking ancient as compared to modern Pteridophyta. The Osmundales, which, in contrast to other ancient pteridophytes, contain large amounts of ·phytoecdysones, are more similar to modern Pteridophyta in regard to their arthropod associates. The need for further comparative studies is advocated, with special emphasis on the tropics. -
Identification of Genes Putatively Involved in Chitin Metabolism And
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16, 21873-21896; doi:10.3390/ijms160921873 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms Article Identification of Genes Putatively Involved in Chitin Metabolism and Insecticide Detoxification in the Rice Leaf Folder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) Larvae through Transcriptomic Analysis Hai-Zhong Yu 1, De-Fu Wen 1, Wan-Lin Wang 2, Lei Geng 1, Yan Zhang 3 and Jia-Ping Xu 1,* 1 School of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; E-Mails: [email protected] (H.-Z.Y.); [email protected] (D.-F.W.); [email protected] (L.G.) 2 Rice Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Institute of Sericulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230061, China; E-Mail: [email protected] * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel./Fax: +86-551-6578-6691. Academic Editor: Lee A. Bulla Received: 19 May 2015 / Accepted: 25 August 2015 / Published: 10 September 2015 Abstract: The rice leaf roller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis) is one of the most destructive agricultural pests. Due to its migratory behavior, it is difficult to control worldwide. To date, little is known about major genes of C. medinalis involved in chitin metabolism and insecticide detoxification. In order to obtain a comprehensive genome dataset of C. medinalis, we conducted de novo transcriptome sequencing which focused on the major feeding stage of fourth-instar larvae, and our work revealed useful information on chitin metabolism and insecticide detoxification and target genes of C. -
A Revision of the New World Species of Donacaula Meyrick and a Phylogenetic Analysis of Related Schoenobiinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Mississippi State University Scholars Junction Theses and Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 1-1-2010 A Revision Of The New World Species Of Donacaula Meyrick And A Phylogenetic Analysis Of Related Schoenobiinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Edda Lis Martinez Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/td Recommended Citation Martinez, Edda Lis, "A Revision Of The New World Species Of Donacaula Meyrick And A Phylogenetic Analysis Of Related Schoenobiinae (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)" (2010). Theses and Dissertations. 248. https://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/td/248 This Dissertation - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Scholars Junction. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholars Junction. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A REVISION OF THE NEW WORLD SPECIES OF DONACAULA MEYRICK AND A PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF RELATED SCHOENOBIINAE (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE) By Edda Lis Martínez A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Mississippi State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Entomology in the Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology Mississippi State, Mississippi December 2010 A REVISION OF THE NEW WORLD SPECIES OF DONACAULA MEYRICK AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF RELATED SCHOENOBIINAE (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE) By Edda Lis Martínez Approved: ______________________________ ______________________________ Richard -
150 © Амурский Зоологический Журнал. Vii(2), 2015. 150-153
© Амурский зоологический журнал. VII(2), 2015. 150-153 Accepted: 11.05. 2015 УДК 595.782 © Amurian zoological journal. VII(2), 2015. 150-153 Published: 30.06. 2015 ОБЗОР ШИРОКОКРЫЛЫХ ОГНЕВОК (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE, PYRAUSTINAE) ЮЖНОЙ ЧАСТИ АМУРО-ЗЕЙСКОГО МЕЖДУРЕЧЬЯ А.Н. Стрельцов [Streltzov A.N. The review of pyraustid moths (Lepidoptera: Crambidae, Pyraustinae) of the southern Amur-Zeya interfluve plain] Кафедра биологии, Благовещенский государственный педагогический университет, ул. Ленина, 104, г. Благовещенск, 675000, Россия. E-mail: [email protected] Department of Biology, Blagoveshchensk State Pedagogical University, Lenina str., 104, Blagoveshchensk, 675000, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] Ключевые слова: огневки, Pyraloidea, Crambidae, Pyraustinae, фауна, Амуро-Зейское междуречье, Дальний Восток России Key words: Pyraloidea, Crambidae, Pyraustinae, fauna, Amur-Zeya plain, Russian Far East Резюме. Для территории Амуро-Зейского междуречья приводится 76 видов ширококрылых огневок, относящих- ся к 35 родам из 5 триб. Впервые для территории Амурской области приводится 10 видов – Anania (Anania) egentalis (Christoph, 1881), Uresiphita gilvata (Fabricius, 1794), Ostrinia latipennis (Warren, 1892), Patania expictalis (Christoph, 1881), Nosophora maculalis (Leech, 1889), Herpetogramma luctuosalis (Guenée, 1854), Spoladea recurvalis (Fabricius, 1775), Aripana lactiferalis (Walker, 1859), Botyodes diniasalis (Walker, 1859) и Maruca vitrata (Fabricius, 1787). Для структуры фауны характерно наличие двух примерно равновесных ареалогических -
Odonata: Zygoptera) Focusing on Functional Aspects of the Mouthparts Sebastian Büsse1* , Thomas Hörnschemeyer2 and Stanislav N
Büsse et al. Frontiers in Zoology (2017) 14:25 DOI 10.1186/s12983-017-0209-x RESEARCH Open Access The head morphology of Pyrrhosoma nymphula larvae (Odonata: Zygoptera) focusing on functional aspects of the mouthparts Sebastian Büsse1* , Thomas Hörnschemeyer2 and Stanislav N. Gorb1 Abstract Background: The understanding of concerted movements and its underlying biomechanics is often complex and elusive. Functional principles and hypothetical functions of these complex movements can provide a solid basis for biomechanical experiments and modelling. Here a description of the cephalic anatomy of Pyrrhosoma nymphula (Zygoptera, Coenagrionidae) focusing on functional aspects of the mouthparts using micro computed tomography (μCT) is presented. Results: We compared six different instars of the damselfly P. nymphula as well as one instar of the dragonfly Aeshna cyanea and Epiophlebia superstes each. In total 42 head muscles were described with only minor differences of the attachment points between the examined species and the absence of antennal muscle M. scapopedicellaris medialis (0an7) in Epiophlebia as a probable apomorphy of this group. Furthermore, the ontogenetic differences between the six larval instars are minor; the only considerable finding is the change of M. submentopraementalis (0la8), which is dichotomous in the early instars (I1,I2 and I3) with a second point of origin at the postero-lateral base of the submentum. This dichotomy is not present in any of the older instars studied (I6, middle-late and pen-ultimate). Conclusion: However, the main focus of the study herein, is to use these detailed morphological descriptions as basis for hypothetic functional models of the odonatan mouthparts. We present blueprint like description of the mouthparts and their musculature, highlighting the caused direction of motion for every single muscle. -
RECORDS of the HAWAII BIOLOGICAL SURVEY for 1994 Part 2: Notes1
1 RECORDS OF THE HAWAII BIOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR 1994 Part 2: Notes1 This is the second of two parts to the Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 1994 and contains the notes on Hawaiian species of plants and animals including new state and island records, range extensions, and other information. Larger, more comprehensive treatments and papers describing new taxa are treated in the first part of this volume [Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 41]. New Hawaiian Plant Records. I BARBARA M. HAWLEY & B. LEILANI PYLE (Herbarium Pacificum, Department of Natural Sciences, Bishop Museum, P.O. Box 19000A, Honolulu, Hawaii 96817, USA) Amaranthaceae Achyranthes mutica A. Gray Significance. Considered extinct and previously known from only 2 collections: sup- posedly from Hawaii Island 1779, D. Nelson s.n.; and from Kauai between 1851 and 1855, J. Remy 208 (Wagner et al., 1990, Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawai‘i, p. 181). Material examined. HAWAII: South Kohala, Keawewai Gulch, 975 m, gulch with pasture and relict Koaie, 10 Nov 1991, T.K. Pratt s.n.; W of Kilohana fork, 1000 m, on sides of dry gulch ca. 20 plants seen above and below falls, 350 °N aspect, 16 Dec 1992, K.R. Wood & S. Perlman 2177 (BISH). Caryophyllaceae Silene lanceolata A. Gray Significance. New island record for Oahu. Distribution in Wagner et al. (1990: 523, loc. cit.) limited to Kauai, Molokai, Hawaii, and Lanai. Several plants were later noted by Steve Perlman and Ken Wood from Makua, Oahu in 1993. Material examined. OAHU: Waianae Range, Ohikilolo Ridge at ca. 700 m elevation, off ridge crest, growing on a vertical rock face, facing northward and generally shaded most of the day but in an open, exposed face, only 1 plant noted, 25 Sep 1992, J. -
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Knowl. Manag. Aquat. Ecosyst. 2018, 419, 42 Knowledge & © K. Pabis, Published by EDP Sciences 2018 Management of Aquatic https://doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2018030 Ecosystems www.kmae-journal.org Journal fully supported by Onema REVIEW PAPER What is a moth doing under water? Ecology of aquatic and semi-aquatic Lepidoptera Krzysztof Pabis* Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland Abstract – This paper reviews the current knowledge on the ecology of aquatic and semi-aquatic moths, and discusses possible pre-adaptations of the moths to the aquatic environment. It also highlights major gaps in our understanding of this group of aquatic insects. Aquatic and semi-aquatic moths represent only a tiny fraction of the total lepidopteran diversity. Only about 0.5% of 165,000 known lepidopterans are aquatic; mostly in the preimaginal stages. Truly aquatic species can be found only among the Crambidae, Cosmopterigidae and Erebidae, while semi-aquatic forms associated with amphibious or marsh plants are known in thirteen other families. These lepidopterans have developed various strategies and adaptations that have allowed them to stay under water or in close proximity to water. Problems of respiratory adaptations, locomotor abilities, influence of predators and parasitoids, as well as feeding preferences are discussed. Nevertheless, the poor knowledge on their biology, life cycles, genomics and phylogenetic relationships preclude the generation of fully comprehensive evolutionary scenarios. Keywords: Lepidoptera / Acentropinae / caterpillars / freshwater / herbivory Résumé – Que fait une mite sous l'eau? Écologie des lépidoptères aquatiques et semi-aquatiques. Cet article passe en revue les connaissances actuelles sur l'écologie des mites aquatiques et semi-aquatiques, et discute des pré-adaptations possibles des mites au milieu aquatique. -
Sex Pheromone of the Rice Leaffolder Moth, Cnaphalocrocis Medinalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae): Synthetic Indian and Philippine Blends Are Not Attractive to Male C
Appl. Entomol. Zool. 36 (4): 471–474 (2001) Sex pheromone of the rice leaffolder moth, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae): Synthetic Indian and Philippine blends are not attractive to male C. medinalis, but are attractive to C. pilosa in the South-Western islands in Japan Kei Kawazu,* Osamu Setokuchi,1 Katsuyuki Kohno,2 Keiichi Takahashi,2,3 Yutaka Yoshiyasu4 and Sadahiro Tatsuki Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113–8657, Japan 1 Ohshima Branch, Kagoshima Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station, Naze, Kagoshima 891–0068, Japan 2 Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Okinawa Subtropical Station, Ishigaki 907–0002, Japan 4 Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto 606–8522, Japan (Received 18 June 2001; Accepted 13 July 2001) Abstract Field bioassays with 3 different types of synthetic pheromone blends (Japanese, Indian and Philippine blends) based on geographic variation in the sex pheromones in Cnaphalocrocis medinalis were performed in 1998 and 1999 in the South-Western Islands of Japan. Only the Japanese blend attracted C. medinalis males, while neither the Indian nor the Philippine blend showed attractiveness, as in the Japan mainland. However, both the Philippine and the Indian blends attracted males of a different species, C. pilosa, which is closely related to C. medinalis. Geographic variation in the sex pheromones of C. medinalis as well as the relationship between C. medinalis and C. pilosa are discussed. Key words: Rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Cnaphalocrocis pilosa, geographic variation, sex pheromone (Z)-11-octadecen-1-ol (Z11-18:OH) and (Z)-13- INTRODUCTION octadecen-1-ol (Z13-18:OH) at a ratio of 11 : 100 : The rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, is 24 : 36 (Japanese blend) (Kawazu et al., 2000).