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Geology of Damsites on Flathead River Mouth to Flathead Lake Lake and Sanders Counties Montana

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Geology of Damsites on Flathead River Mouth to Flathead Lake Lake and Sanders Counties Montana Geology of Damsites on Flathead River Mouth to Flathead Lake Lake and Sanders Counties Montana By KENNETH S. SOWARD GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1550 Describes geology of eight damsites UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1965 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director Library of Congress catalog card No. GS 65-306 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. CONTENTS Page Abstract._______________________________________________________ 1 Introduction- _-----_-_----____--__-__-_--___-_--_-_----__---__---- 3 Object of the investigation_._______-_______-____-_-___-_-----_ 3 Previous investigations..__-__-_____-_-__.___-__-__-____-_---___ 3 Present investigations._________-_____-_____-_____---___-----_-- 6 Acknowledgments. _-______________-._-___.__-_____-_-_-_-----_-- 7 Geography- ____-___----_-______-__.__________-_____-___-__-__--__ 7 Mission Valley________________________________________________ 8 Flathead River...........___....__..______.....__...__..._..__ 9 Terminology and location.___________-__--_-_-_-___-_-----_ 9 Stream gradient._-_____._.__________________-___-.---_-___ 9 Stratigraphy. _____________________________________________________ 10 Precambrian._-__--__-_______.____-_-_____-__.________-_---_._ 10 Prichard Formation________-_-_-_____-_______-_-_-----___ 10 Ravalli Group._______._-_.__._.__-_-_____-.-__.___-__.-._ 11 Igneous rocks.__-_______-____.---.____---_-_-_-__--_-_---- 12 Metamorphic rocks.._-----_-__------__--_------------------ 12 Tertiary(?) ___-__.-._____.._._.__...__.____._.__._-__._..._.._ 13 Quaternary.__--_--_-_-_-_________-___-_-___-_-___-_-__-_---_- 14 Pleistocene._______________________________________________ 14 St. Ignatius moraine.-_-_--___-____-_-_-_-_-_-_---_.___ 14 Mission moraine______.____-___---___-_-_-___-__--___ 14 Poison moraine______.__--_--_--_-_-_-_-______--___-_ 15 Glacial-lake deposits in Mission and related valleys. _-_-___ 15 Early Wisconsin lake deposits.--____-___-_.-___-__-_ 15 Middle Wisconsin lake deposits.________---_---___-_ 16 Late Wisconsin lakes (Lake Missoula)__-_-_-_--_-__ 16 Recent._-_-_--_---_-___________________________________--__-_ 17 Structural geology..-_--_-_____-_______-_______--__--_--_-_-_---_-- 17 Mission Valley compartment______________-___-___-___-----_-- 18 Salish Mountains block._.___-_-_____-______-__-___-_____--__-- 20 Material for construction.----_--___-__-____-____-__---_-_-__------- 20 Concrete aggregate._____-________.-_-___-_-_--_-_----_---_--__ 20 Embankment materials. _____________-___-_-_____---___-_----__ 22 Riprap _______________________________________________________ 22 Powersites._---------_____.___________________________-___________ 23 Development.______-______.____.__.______-__.-________--_-_._ 23 Knowles damsite._-_-_.___________-________-___-__-_-_----___. 25 Location and accessibility._________________________________ 25 Topography.__-_,____--_______________-_____--_____-___-- 25 Geology- --_----_,__-__-_________,_____-____-_-_----_--_--. 25 Stratigraphy.-_-____-_-___________--__---_-_------__-_ 25 Precambrian._-_-___--______-_____-__--___-__-____ 25 Quaternary.______________________________________ 26 Structure __--_-____._.____..__.__-.__..___-_-_-_.---__-. 28 Folds..___-_..___.._____._________.___.__-.__--_-__-_ 28 Faults___---__---__________.___-_-____-_-_-_-_-__- 28 Joints_ ____-___._______-___-__-__.___-_-___._--_____ 29 m IV CONTENTS Powersites Continued Knowles damsite Continued Page Ground-water conditions.__________________________________ 29 Permeability______--________-_____-___-_____--__-___-___ 30 Dam sections.__--_----___-_-_-_____-_--_-----_________-__ 30 Geologic section .A-.A'____________---__-__-----_-___--__ 30 Geologic section B-B'________________________________ 31 Comparison of axes.___________________________________ 33 Engineering considerations_________-_-___-_____-__-____-____--- 33 Exploration.__ ________________________________________________ 34 Reservoir site.________________________________________________ 34 Economic features._--_______-___-_-_-------_-___---___-___ 34 Geology.___--_____--_-_____-_-_______-___-_-_____-_-_-___ 35 Perma damsite-___--____-____________-__-____-_-----__--__-___-_-_ 35 Location and acessibility__--_________-______-___-_--_--__---___ 35 Topography. _________________________________________________ 35 Geology._____________________________________________________ 36 Stratigraphy. _____________________________________________ 36 Precambrian.___--__-____-_--_-___________----________ 36 Quaternary.__________________________________________ 38 Structure. ---____-__-_-___-_-_-___-_-_-_-_-__----_-___-___ 39 Folds... _-__- ___--_---_--- _-_-_----- -__- _ 39 Attitude of beds_______________________________________ 39 Faults___ ___________________________________________ 39 Joints.-_ _--_-__--__-___-_-______-__-_-_---__---___-__ 40 Ground-water conditions.___--____-___-_-___-_----_-_--____ 41 Permeability. ____-___-__-_-__--__-___-__-_-__--_--_____--- 41 Dam sections.__-___-_-_-____-_-__-__-_--_____-----___---- 41 Geologic section C-C"____________.._-_-_____-___-___-__- 41 Geologic section D-D'____________________---_-_-____-__ 44 Geologic section E-E'______________-_______-_-_-_-_---_ 45 Comparison of axes.___________________________________ 45 Exploration.__ ____________________________________________ 46 Reservoir site._--__---_________________-______-_--__-_---- 46 Damsite 4___-_-_-__-_-__--_-_-____-__________-___--------__-_-- 46 Location and accessibility.___-___-_-_-_____-___-_-----_-___-_-_ 46 Topography.____-_-_____--_-___-_-_-____-__-_-_-_-_-_-_____-- 47 Geology.___-__-_-_---_--_-_-_-_-____-___--_-_-_-_________-_-_ 47 Precambrian._____________________________________________ 47 Tertiary(?)-_.----------------------_------_-------------_ 47 Quaternary-______________________________________________ 48 Structural features___________________________________________ 49 Ground-water conditions- ______________________________________ 49 Height of darn. _______________________________________________ 50 Possibility of additional head by downstream channel improvements. 51 Feasibility. ___---________-_________________--__--------_-_---- 51 Exploration required.__________________________________________ 52 Oxbow damsite_____-______-_-________________-__-___-------__--- 52 Location and accessibility.__________________-__--__--------_--- 52 Topography.____--_____-__________________-__-___--------_--- 52 Geology-_--__-_____-___-___________-____-__--__-------------- 53 Precambrian._ _________________________--_-___------------ 53 Quaternary._-_______________________-_-------_------_---- 54 Pleistocene. ________________-_ __----_--_-_-- ---- 54 _-_____-_________-_____---_-----__----------- 55 CONTENTS V Oxbow damsite Continued Page Ground-water conditions.______________________________________ 55 Danger due to artesian water.____-_-_--____---__----_-_-___-___ 56 Height and type of dam________________________________________ 56 Possible axis line. _____________________________________________ 57 Feasibility _ _________________________________________________ 57 Suggested exploration program.____-____--____-_-_-_____-_.____. 57 Reservoir site____----_-_____-_---_-_-_-___-_-_-_______________ 58 Mile 42.9 damsite_---_-_------------_----_-------_-_-_-_--__-_-__- 58 Location and accessibility._____________________________________ 58 Topography._________________________________________________ 58 Geology-_ ____________________________________________________ 58 Feasibility. ___________________________________________________ 59 Suggested exploration program._________________________________ 59 Sloan Bridge damsite._____________________________________________ 60 Location and accessibility. ______-_---____-_-___-_-_____________ 60 Topography. _____--___----_____--_--------_-_---_____________ 60 Geology._-_-_-_-_____-_____-_-_-_--__-_-----__--_____________ 61 Precambrian-_____________________________________________ 61 Tertiary(?)____________________________________________ 61 Quaternary-_ ____-__-_-___------__--____-_________________ 62 Structural features_____-_---__..-_____-_-_---_______-___-_ 65 Ground-water conditions.___--_-_----__-___-------__-______-___ 65 Possible axis lines-____________-------_--____-_-_______________ 66 Permeability and treatment of gravel beds________________________ 67 Height and type of dam__-______-----__-_______---_____________ 67 Possible development schemes_____-___---__--_-_-_____-_______ 68 At the damsite-________-___--_---_------_---__-___-_______ 68 Powerhouse at mile 39 ------------------------------------ 68 Supplemental head by downstream channel improvements- _____ 69 Diversion to three possible powerhouse sites near Perma... _____ 69 Suggested exploration program __________________________________ 70 Reservoir__ _ __________________________________________________ 71 Buffalo damsite 2________________________________________________ 71 Location and accessibility--------------------------------------- 71 Topography _____-_-_____-______---_____-_---___--____-__--_ 71 Geology-_____________________________________________________ 72 Precambrian-_ __-___________---_____-_---___-_---_______-_ 72 Tertiary(?) --------------------------------------------- 73 Quaternary-______________________________________________ 74 Structural features______----_-______-___----_-_---____--_ 75 Possible axis lines.______________---________--------_-_-_------
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