Anisotropic WM Conductivity Reconstruction Based on Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging: a Simulation Study D
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9771937687008 08 Vol.3, No.8, 751-831 (2010) JBiSE TABLE OF CONTENTS Volume 3, Number 8, August 2010 Dextran coating on and among fibers of polymer sponge scaffold for osteogenesis by bone marrow cells in vivo M. Yoshikawa, N. Tsuji, H. Kakigi, T. Yabuuchi, Y. Shimomura, H. Hayashi, H. Ohgushi…………………………………751 Antimicrobial activity of the autochthonous compound Enoxil L. Lupaşcu, V. Rudic, V. Cotos, T. Lupaşcu……………………………………………………………………………………758 MRI monitoring of lesions created at temperature below the boiling point and of lesions created above the boiling point using high intensity focused ultrasound C. Damianou, K. Ioannides, V. Hadjisavvas, N. Mylonas, A. Couppis, D. Iosif, P. A. Kyriacou…………………………………763 Anisotropic WM conductivity reconstruction based on diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging: a simulation study D. D. Yan, W. L. Xu, J. Li…………………………………………………………………………………………………………776 Categorizing HIV-1 subtypes using an ant-based clustering algorithm D. King, W. Hu……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………785 Innovative data mining approaches for outcome prediction of trauma patients E.-M. Theodoraki, S. Katsaragakis, C. Koukouvinos, C. Parpoula………………………………………………………………791 Uncovering preferences from patient list data using benefit efficient models J. Ubøe, J. Lillestøl………………………………………………………………………………………………………………799 Study of the bones tissue reparation using nanostructured titanium implants with hydroxylapatite coatings by scanning electron microscopy T. V. Pavlova, S. Y. Zaitsev, L. A. Pavlova, D. A. Kolesnikov………………………………………………………………807 Shoulder joint flexibility in top athletes H. Daneshmandi, F. Rahmaninia, H. Shahrokhi, P. Rahmani, S. Esmaeili………………………………………………………811 Use of instantaneous energy of ABR signals for fast detection of wave V A. Arooj, M. M. Rushaidin, S.-H. Salleh, M. H. Omar……………………………………………………………………………816 Tele-care for emergency announcements C.-S. Wang, C.-W. Liu, T.-W. Wang………………………………………………………………………………………………822 Use of traditional Chinese medicine in HIV/AIDS in China J. Wang, W. Zou, Y. Liu……………………………………………………………………………………………………………828 Copyright © 2010 SciRes. Openly accessible at http://www.scirp.org/journal/JBiSE/ Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering (JBiSE) Journal Information SUBSCRIPTIONS The Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering (Online at Scientific Research Publishing, www.SciRP.org) is published monthly by Scientific Research Publishing, Inc., USA. Subscription rates: Print: $50 per issue. To subscribe, please contact Journals Subscriptions Department, E-mail: [email protected] SERVICES Advertisements Advertisement Sales Department, E-mail: [email protected] Reprints (minimum quantity 100 copies) Reprints Co-ordinator, Scientific Research Publishing, Inc., USA. E-mail: [email protected] COPYRIGHT Copyright©2010 Scientific Research Publishing, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 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Dextran coating on and among fibers of polymer sponge scaffold for osteogenesis by bone marrow cells in vivo Masataka Yoshikawa1,2, Norimasa Tsuji1, Hideyuki Kakigi1, Takayoshi Yabuuchi1, Yasunori Shimomura1, Hiroyuki Hayashi1, Hajime Ohgushi2 1Department of Endodontics, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan; 2Tissue Engineering Research Group, Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced, Industrial Science and Technology, Amagasaki, Japan. Email: [email protected] Received 25 May 2010; revised 8 June 2010; accepted 20 June 2010. ABSTRACT technique for differentiation and induce these blast cells from stem cells are not still established. This may be one Although hydroxyapatite is commonly used as a of the reasons that tooth regeneration is not realized. scaffold for bone regeneration, sponges may be suit- Restoration of partial defect of the tooth or reproduction able because of the adaptability to the defect. To use of the whole tooth that had been missed for any reason as a scaffold, the fiber of sponge would be coated with should be a definitive goal of the regenerative therapy in any adhesive to storage stem cells in the sponges. Fiber the dentistry. Also, for regeneration of tooth, isolation in the structure of commercially available sponges was from the tissue of odontoblasts, ameloblasts and cemen- coated by immersion in dextran solution and air toblasts, and induction of differentiation from stem cells dried. After seeding of rat bone marrow cells (rBMCs), to these blast cells would be required. However, these the sponges were implanted subcutis of rats for esti- methods have not yet been established. mate osteogenesis in vivo. The level of osteocalcin was It is well-known that bone consists of an apatite 25.28 ± 5.71 ng/scaffold and that of Ca was 129.20 ± structure like dentine. Furthermore, osteocalcin which 19.69 μg/scaffold. These values were significantly high- should be synthesized by osteoblasts is present in den- er than those in sponges without dextran coating (p < tine as calcium-binding protein [8,9]. Therefore, for the 0.01). It was thought that rBMCs could be stored on restoration of teeth, a method of substituting bone which the shelf by dextran deposition in the fiber of the resembles dentine in properties should be established. sponge. In vivo examination, dextran induced osteo- For the regeneration of tooth or bone with a three-di- genesis by rBMCs in many spaces in the inner struc- mensional structure, a scaffold for proliferation and dif- ture of the sponge. ferentiation of bone marrow stem cells and osteogenesis is required. Sufficient resistance to load in the living Keywords: Dextran; Cell Adhesion; Scaffold; Bone body is required for regenerated hard tissue. Marrow Cells; Osteogenesis The morphology of the scaffold should be easily 1. INTRODUCTION modifiable in order to apply the technique to any con- figuration of defects. The intensity of the sponge as a A part or total tooth regeneration has been studied by scaffold is extremely low, but modification of the shape many researchers [1-5]. In a basic study for tooth regen- is easy. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) sponge with bone mar- eration, it was shown that stem cells were detected in the row cells was used for bone regeneration in the defective tooth pulp [6]. And it was shown in the report that the part of the bone [10]. In this study, commercially avail- stem cells differentiated to osteoblasts, chondrocytes, able polyvinyl formal (PVF) sponge was selected as the adipocytes or neurocytes. Development of the removed scaffold. PVF sponge consists of PVA cross-linked con- tooth germ to mature tooth was also attempted in vitro struction by formalin. Stem cells must attach to the [7]. However, tooth regeneration by tissue engineering is structure of the scaffold to induce osteogenesis by the particularly difficult because the constitution and con- cells in a porous scaffold [11,12]. However, the sponge figuration of a tooth is complex. Odontoblasts, amelo- is inappropriate for keeping cells because of the fibrous blasts and cement blasts will be required for tooth re- construction. One of the methods for seeding many cells generation. Methods to isolate these cells from tissue or to attach in the pores of scaffold is coating with a Published Online August 2010 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/jbise 752 M. Yoshikawa et al. / J. Biomedical Science and Engineering 3 (2010) 751-757 chemical substance that promotes cell adhesion on the with trypsin-EDTA (0.5 mg/ml trypsin and 0.53 mol scaffold [13]. Dextran, which has superior biocompati- EDTA: Nakalai Tesque Inc.) solution. Harvested cells bility [14], is a natural polymer with linkage of a large were re-suspended in culture medium at 1 × 107 cells/ml number of D-glucose, and is a kind of polysaccharide concentration. existing in extracellular matrix. Dextran promotes adhe- 2.4. Dextran Coating of Polyvinyl Formal (PVF) sion between protein and cells [15]. Sponge and rBMCs Seeding in the Sponges This experiment investigated the effect of dextran to induce stem cell differentiation in dextran-coated PVF PVF sponges