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Hymnographi Latini

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Hymnographi Latini Bernhardns Morlanensis, Monachus Cluniacensis, urn 1140. Bernhard von Morlas Heimat diirfte, da er ausdriicklich als Fraucigena bezeichnet wird, nicbt zu Morlaix in der Bretagne, sondem in Morlas (oder M<lrlac, beute Morlaa.,), der alten Hauptstadt von Be11rn, zu sucben sein. Ober die Zeit seiner Geburt wie iiber seine Lebensschicksale sind wir ohne jede Nacbricht. Wir erf11bren nor, dafs er unter Peter dem Ebrwiirdigen, dem er sein Carmen de contemptu mundi widmet, Monch iu Cluny war. Die Verfasser der Histoire Literaire de Ia France unterscheiden ibn aus· driicklich von Bemh11rd von Cluny, der unter Abt Hugo die Consuetudines Cluniaeenses aufzeichnete, sowie von einem andcren Cluniacenser gleicben N!\mens, Bernhard dem Dicken, Grofsprior von Cluny, dem Peter der Ehr· witrdige ein Epitaphium dichtete (Migne PP. LL. 189, 40), wiihrend Bran· mitller (Wetzer und Welte 2. Aufl. II, 435 u. f.) die Identitiit mit letzterem Bernhard fiir sicber, mit ersterem fiir wabrscbeinlicb hilt. Vgl. Histoire Literaire XII, 236 sqq. Unter den poetischen Werken Bernhards von MorlM ragcn zwei be­ senders bervor, sein Gedicbt · de Contcmptu mundi ltDd das s. g. Mnriale, das nacbfolgend znm Abdrucke kommt. Ersteres, ein umfangreiches Lehr· gt-dicht in einer Spielart des leoninischen Hexameters gcschrieben, ist schon friibzeitig durch den Druck vervielffiltigt, zuerst 1482 in Puis "in magna domo C11mpi Gaillardi"; gekfirzt ebendaselbst nRpnd Guidonem Mercatorem" (Liron, Singularites historiques Ill, 484). Flacius Illyrikus nahm es in ~eine "Varia doctorum piorumque virorurn de corrupto ecclesiae statu poemata" B:o~sel 1.556 auf, Nathan Chytriius und Elhard r.ubin veranstalteten ('igene Ausgaben, Bremen 1597, Restock 1610 (Vgl. Leyser 413). Das MAriale wurde zuerst von Hommey in seinem Supplementum patrum (Paris 1684), 168-180 herausgegeben, der sicb in einer eigenen Dissertatio bemiihte, die Autorscbaft des hi. Bernhard von Clairvaux nltchzuweisen, in· tlem er zablreicbe parallele Stellen 11us Bernhards Pro~a beibraebte. Neuer· dings hat Ragey denselbf'n Weg bescbritten, indem er ein gleiches mit Stellen aus den Werken Anselms von Canterbury versucht, den er fiir den Dichter des Mariale erklirte (Sancti Anselmi, Cantuariensis arcbiepiscopi }fariale seu liber precum metricarum. Londini [1884)). Auch von dcm Ver· sucbe Rageys gilt mutatil1 mutandis das Urtcil, welches die Verfll8ser der Histoire Literaire iiber den Hommeys aussprecben, werm sie von dem }fariale sagen: "eerit, que le P. Hommey s'efl'orce en vain de revendiquer a l'abbe de Clairvaux" (1. c. p. 241'. Anselm wird durch die Verskuust des Mariale ausgescblossen, welche von der 8einen verschie<len, mit der BemhardR o1 91t1zed by Goog le 424 von Morlas dagegtm auffalJend verwandt ist. Das entscheidendtte Argument Rageys, nicht urn Auselms Verfasserschaft zn begriinden, wohl aber um die der heiden Beruharde auszuschliefsen, beruht auf Tiiuschuog. Er behauptet niimlich Cod. Londinen. 21927, der Bruchstiicke des Mariales enthi.lt, gehlire dem 11. Jahrbundert an, sei somit alter als Bernhard. Rev. H. M. Bannister hat auf meine Bitte das Alter der Handschrift gepriift und von drei anderen kompetenten Beurteilern priifen lassen; aile wcisen die Handschrift einstimmig in die Mitte des 12. Jahrbunderts zuriiek. Schon Haureau hat instinktiv an der Richtigkeit der Behauptung R~~geys gezweifelt (Vgl. Des Poeme, Latins attribues A Saint Bernard p. 87). Er fafst sein Urteil iiber die An­ Hpriiche der heiden Kirchenl~hrer an das Mariale spiter dahin zusammen: "Le poeme Ut iucundas cenms trnd{JS .•.. n'est certes pas plus de Saint Aneelme que de saint Bernard A qui d'autres copistes l'ont attribue" (Notices et extraits V, 51). Trotz der verechiedenen Ausgaben des Mariale, beziiglich derer ich auf llaure11u an ersterem Orte S. 82 verweise, auch trotz der Rageys von 1884, ist die vorliegende die erste mit kritischem Apparate. Die Handschriften, auf deuen die folgende Textrezension ruht, sind: Co11oot. ms. Gallieum saec. 12. in. Cml. Parisin. 2445 A. A. - Collect. ms. Zwettlense ~aec 12. Cod. Zwettlen. 55. H. - Psalt. ms. Tinmuthenee (?) saec. 12. med. Cod. Londinen. Add. 21927. C. - ColJect. ms. Tinmu· thense (?i saee. 12. ex. Cod. Londinen. Harl. 2882 D. - Collect. ms. Gal­ lieum saec. 12. ex. Cod. Parisin. 2833 add. saec. 12/ta. E. - ColJect. ms. Pratense (ol. Cireneestrense) saec. 13. Cod. Parisin. 11867. F. - Collect. ms. Gallicum saec. 11/ta. Cod. Parisin. 10522. G. - Collect. ms. Anglicum 81\ec. 14. Cod. Londinen. Reg. 2 A IX. H. - Collect. ms. Anglicum saec. }4. Cod. Londinen. Reg. 8 8 I. I. - Collect. ms. Dunclmensc saec. 14. ex. Cod. Londincn. Reg. 7 A VI. K. - Collect. ms. Sosmen~e saec. 15. Cod. Parisin. 15161. L. - Orat. ms. Tegurinum saec. 15. Clm. Monacen. 19824. M. - ColJed ms. Parisinum saec. lfi/ts. Cod. Parisin. 3639. N.- Collect. ms. Augiensc saec. Uftfi. Cod. Carolsruhan. Aug. 36. 0. Die Kollatiou von B verdanke ieh der Giite des Herro Stiftsbibliothekar von Zwettl P. Benedict Hammer! 0. C.; die von CDHIK der liebenswilrdigen Mitarbeit Rev. H. M. Bannisters, dcr auch Proveuienz und Alter bestimmte; die von EF besorgte Cl. Blume. Ich brauche wohl nicht hinzuzufilgen, dafs mir aufser diesen nocb andere Handschriften des gesamten Mariale bekannt sind. Solcher, die nor einzelne Teile desselben enthalten, ist eine uogezihlte Menge; sie aBe herauszuziehen wire ein Ding der Uumiiglichkeit, das uns ohendrein nicht weiter briicbte, als wir schon sind. Ob Prooemium und Epi­ logus dem Mariale urspriinglich angehiiren oder nicht, ist eine Sacbe, die sich nicht so einfach erledigt, als Hagey dies glanbt Da weder das eine noch der andere etwas enthiilt, was die Autorschaft das Verfassers ausscbliefst, und da.~ Proocmium sich in mehreren Quellen, der Epilogus siclt in einer Quelle findet, belasse icb dieselben da, wo sie siclt finden. a:m. (1.) M a r i a I e Prologus. 0 lumen verum, quo lux est facta dierum, Lumen praeclarum, sapientia, fons animarum, Quae requiem fessis tribuis, solacia fessis, Et quae iustificas animas clementer iniquas, o1 91t1zed by Goog le 425 5 Ad te suspiro, tibi supplieo teque requiro, Pane salutari cupiens te dante cibari ; Varus enim panis tua verba cibusque pereunis. Fons vitae, rora refovens mea caelitus ora, Funde tuum rorem, ne deficiendo laborem 10 Et, ne langoescam, mihi da, quae non perit, escam. Langueo ieiunus; quo sub lever, annue monos ; Nempe super dulces epul¥ pia pectora mulces, Insuper excellis dulcore cibaria mellis. To super argentum reoites oculis sapientom, 15 Nee Iapides cari tibi possunt aeqoiparari; Aurum vile putat mens, quam toa gratia mutat, Solis fulgorem superas lunaeque decorem Cunctaque transscendis, quibus instat mundos habeodis. Te qoicumque caret, quasi foenum transit et aret, 20 Prudentes aoimae dono pietatis opimae Fructibus et specie cumulantur ad instar olivae. Stolt us ut herba cadit, modicum viget et cito vadit, Iustus ftorebit quasi palma diuque manebit. Ut cedrus Libani vivet radice pereoni, 25 Sic benedicetur, te quisquis habere meretur. Da mihi, lux lucis, nullis haerere cadocis, Sic me purifil'-&, oe mens mea tractet iniqua,_ .. Da fidei scutum, me reddens ondique totom, Praesta virtotem, qua crimina concta refutem, SO Sensum sincerum, valeam quo cernere verum. Virtotom genetrix et criminis unica victrix, ..... Sic, preeor, ut renes reprimas carnemque refrene5, Ut sancte vivam coram cobibendo nocivam, Ut sic restringam canto moderamine ·linguam, 35 Ne, dum laxatur, quae sint reticenda, loquatur. Christe, fave votis, quem sensibus invoco totis, Ut sapiens fiam veram sitiendo sophiam. Verba sapore salis mea eondi spiritualis, Fac me sollertem, ne scntiat hostis inertem. 40 Qoi facis infantes charismate landis ovantes Oraque mota doces formosas promere voces, Oris claustra mei resera sermone fideli, Quo tibi laos detur, quo proximus aedificetur. Sic me caelesti virtute, piissime, vesti, 45 Ut sim pacificus prodensque, piusque pudicus. :Me tibi eommendo, ne peccem despiciendo, Mecum, quaeso mane, ne quidquam fallat inane, Et sic interna, quos diligo, luce guberna, Ut mecum vitam mereantur habere beatam. o1 91t1zed by Goog le 426 Rhythmus I. 1. Ut iucundas cervus undas 10. Recordare, qois et quare .A.estuans desiderat, Sis a Deo conditos, Sic ad Deom, fontem vivum Coins heres none maneres, Mens fidelis properat. Si fuisses subditus. 2. Sicot rivi fontis vivi 11. 0 mortalis, qoantis malis Praebent refrigerium, Meruisti affici, Ita menti sitienti Dum rectori et auctori Deus est remerlium. Noluisti subici! 3. Quantis bonis soperponis 12. Sed maiores sunt dolores Servos toos, Domine! Infernalis carceris, Sese laedit, qui recedit Quo mittendos et torquendus Ab aeteruo lumine. Es, si male vixeris. 4. Vitam laetam et qoietam, 13. Cui mondos est iocundus, Qui te quaerit, repperit ; Soam perdit animam, Nam laborem et rlolorem Pro re levi atque brevi Met it, qui te deserit. Vitam perdit optimam. s. Pacem donas et coronaa 14. Ergo cave, ne suave His, qui tibi militant, Jugum spernas Domini Concta laeta sine meta Nee abiecta lege recta His, qui tecum habitant. Servias libidini. 6. Hen, quam vana, mens homana, IS. Si soot plagae, coram age, Visione falleris Ut curentor citius, Dum te coris nocitoris Ne, si crescant et putrescant, Imprudenter inseris ! Pergas in deterius. 7. Cur non caves lapsus graves, 16. Ne desperes, nam coheres Quos soadet proditor, Christi esse poteris, Nee afl'ectas vias rectas, Si caruales, quantum vales, Quas ostendit conditor? Afl'ectos excloseris. 8. Resipisce atqoe disce, 17. Si formidas, ne diffidas, Cuios sis originis, Sed medelam postula, Ubi degis, cuios legis, Noxam plange, corpus ange, Cuios sis et ordinis. Dilue piacola. 9. Ne te spernas, sed discernaa 18. Si vivorum et fonctorum Homo, gemma regia, Christom times iodicem, Te perpende et attende, Debes scire, quod perire Qua sis factus gratia. Soom non volt supplicem. o1 91t1zed by Goog le 427 19. Preces fun de, pectus tunde, 26. Nam placatum eius natum Flendo cor humilia; Tunc habere poteris, Paenitenti et gementi Si fideli mente caeli Non negatur venia. Reginam rogaveris. 20. Exorando et laudando 27. Virgam Jesse, quam praeesse )fariam commemora, Cnnctis scis viventibus, Nam delere potest vere Supplex ora et implora Quaecumque facinora.
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