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Petrus Martyr Vermigli in Zürich (1556-1562) : Dieser Kylchen in Der Heiligen Gschrifft Professor Und Laeser

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Petrus Martyr Vermigli in Zürich (1556-1562) : Dieser Kylchen in Der Heiligen Gschrifft Professor Und Laeser Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2010 Petrus Martyr Vermigli in Zürich (1556-1562) : dieser Kylchen in der heiligen gschrifft professor und laeser Baumann, Michael Abstract: Die vorliegende Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit der Zürcher Lehrtätigkeit (1556-1562) sowie mit der Wirkung des ursprünglich aus Italien stammenden Reformators Peter Martyr Vermigli (1499- 1562). Sie gliedert sich dazu in drei unterschiedliche Hauptteile. Der erste Teil (Kapitel 2, Peter Martyr Vermigli in Zürich) untersucht die historischen sowie sozialen Hintergründe der Wahl Peter Martyrs nach Zürich als Professor für Altes Testament. Vermigli wurde im Jahr 1556 Nachfolger des verstorbenen He- braisten und Grossmünster-Chorherrn Konrad Pellikan (1478-1556). Mit der Übernahme dieser Professur war Vermigli massgeblich für die Entwicklung und Tradierung einer reformierten Lehre verantwortlich. Er bildete neben Heinrich Bullinger (1504-1575)und Johannes Calvin (1509-1564) in der zweiten Genera- tion der Reformatoren die reformierte Glaubensrichtung exegetisch wie dogmatisch aus. Dies untersucht der zweite Teil der Arbeit (Kapitel 3, Die Zürcher Theologie Peter Martyr Vermiglis) anhand der in Zürich gehaltenen und (z.T. posthum) gedruckten Vorlesungen. Dieser theologiehistorische Hauptteil widmet sich sodann der zeitgenössischen Diskussion über die Präsenz der menschlichen Natur Christi im Abendmahl. Es wird gezeigt, dass der „Dialogus de utraque in Christo natura“ (1561) und seine relativ spezialisierte Fragestellung nicht nur ein Zeugnis der zeittypischen konfessionellen Kontroverslit- eratur darstellt, sondern dass es Peter Martyr Vermigli gelingt, diese Diskussion zur Entwicklung einer eigenen reformierten Theologie zu nutzen. Der dritte Teil (Kapitel 4, Rezeptionsgeschichte) widmet sich der Nachwirkung Peter Martyrs auf verschiedene Weise. In einem ersten Durchgang werden sowohl die von Josias Simler (1530-1576) verfasste Leichenrede wie auch die brieflichen und gedruckten Zeugnisse über Vermigli eingehend untersucht. In einem zweiten Durchgang wird die Frage nach der längerfristi- gen Wirkung der Schriften Peter Martyrs gestellt, welche aus grundsätzlichen Erwägungen aber nur in Form eines Ausblicks beantwortet werden kann. Dieser dritte Teil schliesst sodann den Blick auf eine sogenannte „Gedächtnisgeschichte“ mit ein, also die Frage, zu welcher Zeit und in welcher Form inner- halb er reformierten Theologiegeschichte wieder auf Peter Martyr Vermigli und seine Schriften Bezug genommen worden ist. Part one (chapter 2, Peter Martyr in Zurich) looks into the historical and social backgrounds of Peter Martyr’s election in 1556 as professor for the Old Testament. Vermigli was the successor of the deceased Konrad Pellikan (1478-1556), and by taking on this chair Vermigli became substantially responsible for the development and the handing down of the reformed doctrine. Besides Heinrich Bullinger (1504-1575) and John Calvin (1509-1564), Peter Martyr made a major contribution to the cultivation of the reformed exegetical tradition and dogmatics as a reformed scholar of the second period of the reformation. This is further examined in the second part of this paper (chapter 3, The Zurich Theology of Peter Martyr) analyzing the exegetical lectures of Vermigli in Zurich and the theo- logical positions found therein (some of them printed posthumously). the paper underlines the relevance of contemporary theological discussions e.g. the controversy of the Lord’s supper and the presence of the human nature of Christ. It is expounded that Vermigli’s controversial work “Dialogus de utraque in Christo natura” (1561) is not only a testimony of the various religious controversies in early modern times but that Vermigli furthermore succeeded in developing an own reformed position. The third part (chapter 4, History of Reception) concentrates on the aftereffects of Peter Martyr’s activity. In afirst pass the section discusses Josias Simler’s (1530-1576) funeral address and other testimonies published or written directly after Vermigli’s death. In a second pass an outline is given on the longer-term influence of Peter Martyr’s work. The paper closes with an overview of the “Gedächtnisgeschichte” (a ”history of remembrance”) of Peter Martyr in which whether, when and how in reformed history of theology Peter Martyr and his works and intellectual heritage have been referred to. Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-163917 Dissertation Published Version Originally published at: Baumann, Michael. Petrus Martyr Vermigli in Zürich (1556-1562) : dieser Kylchen in der heiligen gschrifft professor und laeser. 2010, University of Zurich, Faculty of Theology. 2 Petrus Martyr Vermigli in Zürich (1556-1562) Dieser Kylchen in der heiligen gschrifft professor und laserͤ Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Theologischen Fakultät der Universität Zürich, vorgelegt von Pfr. Michael Baumann, MTh UZH, von Waldenburg BL und Winterthur ZH, in Dorf ZH, bei Prof.em. Dr.theol. Dr.h.c. Emidio Campi. Dorf, den 21. Dezember 2009, St. Thomae Petrus Martyr Vermigli Die Theologische Fakultät genehmigt auf Antrag von Prof. Dr. Dr.h.c. Emidio Campi die vorliegende Dissertation, ohne damit zu den darin ausgesprochenen Anschauungen Stellung zu nehmen. Zürich, den 28. Mai 2010 Der Dekan: Prof. Dr. Konrad Schmid Anschrift des Verfassers: Pfr. Michael Baumann Kirchstrasse 6 8458 Dorf ZH 052 317 12 71 [email protected] 2 Dieser Kylchen in der heiligen gschrifft professor und laser Inhaltsverzeichnis 0 VORWORT 9 1 ZUR EINFÜHRUNG 15 1.1 Transskriptions- und Zitationsgrundsätze 15 1.2 Abkürzungsverzeichnis 19 1.3 Fragestellung und Ziel der Arbeit 25 2 PETER MARTYR VERMIGLI IN ZÜRICH 39 2.1 Vermiglis erster Kontakt mit Zürich 39 2.2 Kontakte mit Zürich ab 1542 57 2.3 Exkurs: Hintergründe des Zweiten Abendmahlsstreits 85 2.4 Epistolographischer Befund 1542-1556 95 2.5 Die Zürcher Jahre Peter Martyrs 99 2.5.1 Vorbedingungen: Die religionspolitische Situation in Zürich 1556 107 2.5.2 Die Wahl Vermiglis nach Zürich 1556 124 2.5.2.1 Kokurrenz zu Zürich: Genf, Heidelberg und Oxford 139 2.5.3 Ankunft und Einrichtung in Zürich im Sommer 1556 146 2.5.4 Familie 163 2.5.5 Lehrverpflichtungen 172 2.5.6 Verhältnis zu Zürich und zur Locarner Gemeinde 184 2.5.7 Vermigli und das Religionsgespräch in Poissy 1561 188 2.5.8 Krankheit, letzte Monate und Tod 1562 209 3 DIE ZÜRCHER THEOLOGIE PETER MARTYR VERMIGLIS 219 3.1 Vermigli als Lehrperson und Exeget 219 3.1.1 Die Zürcher Vorlesungen 219 3 Petrus Martyr Vermigli 3.1.1.1 Der Kommentar zu den Samuelbüchern 1564 221 3.1.1.1.1 Umfang und Vorwort zum Samuelkommentar 221 3.1.1.1.2 Überblick und Quellen 230 3.1.1.1.3 Verwendung der rabbinischen Kommentare 234 3.1.1.1.4 Der Name Gottes 238 3.1.1.1.5 Auslegung von 1Sam 19 und der locus de prophetia 243 3.1.1.1.6 An sit Deus author peccati? 252 3.1.1.1.7 Die Hexenbefragung Sauls in En-Dor 267 3.1.1.1.8 Die weiteren Loci theologici 275 3.1.1.1.9 Auslegungsfragen: Allegorie oder sensus historicus? 278 3.1.1.2 Der Kommentar zu den Königsbüchern 1566 282 3.1.1.2.1 Umfang und Vorwort zu Melachim 282 3.1.1.2.2 Der Vorwurf der Kirchenspaltung 290 3.1.1.2.3 Die Fortsetzung der Frage nach der Autorschaft der Sünde 298 3.2 Vermigli als theologischer Schriftsteller – eine Übersicht 307 3.3 Die Christologie Peter Martyr Vermiglis anhand des Dialogus de utraque in Christo natura 1561 321 3.3.1 Die Ausgangslage des Streits mit Johannes Brenz 321 3.3.2 Der Dialogus de Utraque in Christo Natura 1561 331 3.3.2.1 Die Naturen in Christo 335 3.3.2.1.1 Das Verhältnis der Naturen, Martyrs Verständnis der Person und das Extra-Vermiglianum 347 3.3.2.1.2 Die Diskussion um die Hypostase der Naturen in Christo und die mögliche Aufnahme der Ideen Heinrich von Gents 359 3.3.2.2 Die Annahme Christi im Himmel und das Sitzen zur Rechten Gottes 381 3.3.2.3 Die Gegenwart des Leibes Christi im Abendmahl 392 4 Dieser Kylchen in der heiligen gschrifft professor und laserͤ 3.3.2.4 Zusammenfassung: Die Christologie Vermiglis anhand des Dialogus und die Relevanz der christologischen Einzelfragen 404 3.4 Vermigli als Korrespondent und Gutachter 411 3.4.1 Vermiglis Korrespondenz nach England 412 3.4.1.1 Vermiglis Gratulationsschreiben an Queen Elisabeth I. 420 3.4.1.2 Vermiglis Brief an die Ecclesia peregrinorum Londini, 1561 425 3.4.1.3 Vermiglis Schreiben an die Frankfurter Fremdengemeinde 434 3.4.2 Die Korrespondenz zugunsten der mittel- und osteuropäischen Reformation 439 3.4.2.1 Martyrs Brief an die polnischen Edelleute vom 14.2.1556 439 3.4.2.2 Martyrs Brief an die polnische Kirche vom 27.5.1560 445 3.4.2.3 Martyrs Brief an den polnischen Adel vom März 1561 450 3.5 Würdigung der theologischen Arbeit Vermiglis 463 4 REZEPTIONSGESCHICHTE 469 4.1 Theoretische Überlegungen 469 4.1.1.1 Geschichte und Gedächtnis 473 4.2 Peter Martyr Vermigli im Bild der Zeitgenossen 481 4.2.1 Briefe über den Tod Petrus Martyr Vermiglis und ihre Ausdrucksweise 481 4.2.2 Epicedien auf Petrus Martyr Vermigli und ihre Eigenart 489 4.2.2.1 Hans Ulrich Stampfers d.J. Portraitmedaille 500 4.2.3 Josias Simlers Oratio de vita et obitu Petri Martyri Vermilii 1563 502 4.2.3.1 Exkurs: Kirchengründung und Legendenbildung 512 4.2.3.1.1 Protestantische Heilige und Märtyrer 512 4.2.3.1.2 Protestantische Legenden 521 4.2.3.1.3 Die kirchengründenden Funktionen 531 5 Petrus Martyr Vermigli 4.3 Vermigli im Bild der folgenden Generationen 535 4.3.1 Johann Heinrich Heideggers Heiliges Martyrthum 1688 540 4.3.2 Publikationen im 18. Jahrhundert 553 4.3.3 Petrus Martyr Vermigli im 19.
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