Rethinking Borders This book explores how crossing borders entails shifting time as well as changing geographical location. Space has long dominated the field of border studies, a prominence which the recent spatial turn in social science AND MOVING TIMES BORDERS MIGRATING has reinforced. This book challenges the classic analytical pre-eminence of space by focusing on how border time is shaped by, shapes and MIGRATING BORDERS constitutes the borders themselves. Using original field data from Israel, northern Europe and Europe’s south-eastern borders; Kosovo, Albania, Montenegro, Sarajevo, Lesbos; the AND MOVING TIMES contributors explore everyday forms of border temporality – the ways in which people, through their temporal practices, manage, shape, represent Temporality and the crossing and constitute the borders across which they move or at which they are made to halt. These accounts are based on fine-tuned ethnographic of borders in Europe research sensitive to historical depth and wider political–economic context and transformation, in which moving is understood not only as mobility but as affect, where borders become not just something to be crossed but Edited by Hastings Donnan, Madeleine Hurd something that is emotionally experienced and felt. and Carolin Leutloff-Grandits With its multidisciplinary and comparative perspective on Europe’s borders, this book will be of interest to a broad range of scholars in border studies, migration studies, European studies, anthropology, politics, geography, sociology and history. (eds) Leutloff-Grandits and Hurd Donnan, Hastings Donnan is Director of the Senator George J. Mitchell Institute for Global Peace, Security and Justice at Queen’s University Belfast Madeleine Hurd is Senior Lecturer in the Department of History at Södertörn University Carolin Leutloff-Grandits is Lecturer at the Centre for South Eastern European History and Anthropology, University of Graz Cover image: www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk iStock by Getty Images ISBN 978-1-5261-1538-6 9 781526 115386 Migrating borders and moving times DONNAN 97801526115386 PRINT.indd 1 16/01/2017 11:59 RETHINKING BORDERS SERIES EDITORS: SARAH GREEN AND HASTINGS DONNAN Rethinking Borders focuses on what gives borders their qualities across time and space, as well as on how such borders are experienced, built, managed, imagined and changed. This involves detailed and often richly ethnographic studies of all aspects of borders: finance and money, bureaucracy, trade, law, new technologies, materiality, infrastructure, gender and sexuality, even the philosophy of what counts as being ‘borderly,’ as well as the more familiar topics of migration, nationalism, politics, conflicts and security. DONNAN 97801526115386 PRINT.indd 2 16/01/2017 11:59 Migrating borders and moving times Temporality and the crossing of borders in Europe EDITED BY HASTINGS DONNAN, MADELEINE HURD AND CAROLIN LEUTLOFF-GRANDITS Manchester University Press DONNAN 97801526115386 PRINT.indd 3 16/01/2017 11:59 Copyright © Manchester University Press 2017 While copyright in the volume as a whole is vested in Manchester University Press, copyright in individual chapters belongs to their respective authors, and no chapter may be reproduced wholly or in part without the express permission in writing of both author and publisher. Published by Manchester University Press Altrincham Street, Manchester M1 7JA www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for ISBN 978 1 5261 1538 6 hardback ISBN 978 1 5261 1641 3 open access First published 2017 This electronic version has been made freely available under a Creative Commons (CC-BY-NC-ND) licence. A copy of the licence can be viewed at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ The publisher has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for any external or third- party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Typeset in 10.5 on 12.5pt Arno Pro by ServisTypeset Filmsetting in 10.5 on Ltd,12.5pt Stockport, Arno Pro Cheshire by Servis FilmsettingPrinted inLtd, Great Stockport, Britain Cheshire DONNAN 97801526115386 PRINT.indd 4 16/01/2017 11:59 Contents List of figures and tables page vii List of contributors ix Series foreword xii Preface xiii Introduction: crossing borders, changing times 1 Madeleine Hurd, Hastings Donnan and Carolin Leutloff-Grandits 1 EU cross-border Passagenwerk 25 Olivier Thomas Kramsch 2 Negotiating ‘neighbourliness’ in Sarajevo apartment blocks 42 Zaira Lofranco 3 Border crossings, shame and (re-)narrating the past in the Ukrainian– Romanian borderlands 58 Kathryn Cassidy 4 Travelling genealogies: tracing relatedness and diversity in the Albanian– Montenegrin borderland 80 Jelena Tošić 5 Living on borrowed time: borders, ticking clocks and timelessness among temporary labour migrants in Israel 102 Robin A. Harper and Hani Zubida 6 New pasts, presents and futures: time and space in family migrant networks between Kosovo and western Europe 121 Carolin Leutloff-Grandits DONNAN 97801526115386 PRINT.indd 5 16/01/2017 11:59 vi Contents 7 Silenced border crossings and gendered material flows in southern Albania 140 Nataša Gregorič Bon 8 Missing migrants: deaths at sea and unidentified bodies in Lesbos 157 Iosif Kovras and Simon Robins Index 176 DONNAN 97801526115386 PRINT.indd 6 16/01/2017 11:59 List of figures and tables Figures 1.1 Ruins of border truck stop, Wyler, Germany (photo: Olivier Thomas Kramsch) page 26 1.2 ‘Beach’ in front of Hagemann’s travel agency, Wyler, Germany (photo: Olivier Thomas Kramsch) 26 1.3 Ruins of border truck stop, Wyler, Germany (photo: Olivier Thomas Kramsch) 31 1.4 Ruins of Kleve, Germany, 11 February 1945 (Stadtarchiv Kleve; Bildarchiv EB-4574) 31 1.5 Ruins of border truck stop, Wyler, Germany, showing graffiti (photo: Olivier Thomas Kramsch) 33 1.6 Ruins of border truck stop, Wyler, Germany (photo: Olivier Thomas Kramsch) 33 1.7 Former Dutch/German border guard hut, now Lotto shop (photo: Olivier Thomas Kramsch) 34 1.8 Advertising mural to the rear of Hagemann’s travel agency (photo: Olivier Thomas Kramsch) 35 1.9 Bicycle track leading across the international border into the Netherlands (photo: Olivier Thomas Kramsch) 37 4.1 The Shkodra region: border movements, migration trajectories and localities 82 4.2 The Sarapa genealogy by Vaso Vukičević, 1959 87 4.3 The Vukičević (Karadaglic and Paljević) branch of the Sarapa genealogy 89 4.4 The Paljević branch of the Sarapa genealogy 92 4.5 Beçir Tafa (centre), the Bajraktar of Tuzi, Montenegro (Ulqini 2003: 82) 94 5.1 A protest by residents of southern Tel Aviv against the Israeli High Court of Justice’s ruling to override the law allowing incarceration of DONNAN 97801526115386 PRINT.indd 7 16/01/2017 11:59 viii List of figures and tables migrants for up to three years (photo: Ofer Vaknin; www.haaretz.com/ news/national/1.547634) 114 8.1 Map showing location of Lesbos (map data ©2016 Google) 163 8.2 Grave of victims of a 2007 shipwreck, Mytilene cemetery, July 2013 (photo: Iosif Kovras) 164 8.3 Graves of victims of a 2013 shipwreck, Mytilene cemetery (courtesy of Stratis Balaskas) 164 Table 5.1 Legal migrant workers in Israel, 2010 105 DONNAN 97801526115386 PRINT.indd 8 16/01/2017 11:59 List of contributors Kathryn Cassidy is a Senior Lecturer in Human Geography at Northumbria University, UK and an Associate Member of the Centre for Research on Migration, Refugees and Belonging (CMRB) at the University of East London, where she worked as a Senior Research Fellow on the EUBORDERSCAPES project. Kathryn is a feminist human geographer with research interests in bordering and everyday carceralities in contemporary Europe. She recently completed the co-authored Bordering (Polity, 2017), with Nira Yuval-Davis and Georgie Wemyss, with whom she has also recently co-edited two special journal issues: ‘Racialised Bordering Discourses and European Roma’ in Ethnic and Racial Studies and ‘Intersectional Borders’ in Political Geography. Hastings Donnan is Director of the Senator George J. Mitchell Institute for Global Peace, Security and Justice and Co-Director of the Centre for International Borders Research at Queen’s University Belfast, Northern Ireland. He is a Fellow of the British Academy, a Member of the Royal Irish Academy and Fellow of the UK’s Academy of Social Sciences. He has published over twenty books and numerous journal articles, including, with T. M. Wilson, A Companion to Border Studies (Wiley-Blackwell, 2012); Borderlands: Ethnographic Approaches to Security, Power and Identity (University Press of America, 2010); Culture and Power at the Edges of the State: National Support and Subversion in European Borderlands (LIT, 2005); Borders: Frontiers of Identity, Nation and State (Berg, 1999) and Border Identities: Nation and State at International Frontiers (Cambridge University Press, 1998). Nataša Gregorič Bon is a Research Fellow at the Institute of Anthropological and Spatial Studies in the Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts and an Assistant Professor at the Postgraduate School ZRC (Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts), Ljubljana, Slovenia. She is author of The Spaces of Discordance (ZRC Publishing), which has been translated into Albanian; co-editor of the Moving Places series (Berghahn Books), and author of DONNAN 97801526115386 PRINT.indd 9 16/01/2017 11:59 x List of contributors numerous peer-reviewed articles and book chapters on spatial anthropology and movement in Albania. She is also Book Review Editor for Anthropological Notebooks and co-editor of the Space, Place, Time Series (ZRC Publishing). Robin A. Harper is an Associate Professor of Political Science at York College, City University of New York, USA. Her research focuses on migrant public policy in comparative context in Germany, Israel and the United States. Research ques- tions explore the meaning(s) of citizenship, belonging, inclusion/exclusion, bor- ders and temporary labour migration.