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World Congress of Free Ukrainians Dissidents and democracy Les highlight Kapusniak World Congress The events of the third World ol their fossilized political posture- Congress of Free Ukrainians are found in the forefront of World (WCFU), recently convened in New War Two hangovers. Consequently, York. 22-26 November will 1978. as long as the member umbrella take their place among last the organizations that the WCFU em- chapters ol the history of Ukrainian braces remain undemocratically emigre institutional behaviour, as structured, and as a result the indicative of the deeply rooted and victims of (actional strife and seemingly irreconcilable political manipulation by the Bandenvtsi. cleavages that burden Ukrainian the WCFU will remain compelled to Nadya Svillychna in New York City with her two community life redirect resources towards main- Admittedly, consolidating sons, Ivan months) and the taining the myth ol Ukrainian unity (6 Yarema (9 years). inward numerous looking Ukrai- at the expense of substantively interest nian emigre groups, which tackling the pressing concerns of more than often appear to be at Ukrainian communities abroad Bread salt with and odds into single one another, a With this spirit General Petro representative structure encom- Gngorenko addressed the par- passing for Svitlychna organized Ukrainians ticipants of the WCFU. and came abroad, is itself a monumental task down heavily on factional bickering Zorjan Hromjak The vast scope of its nature of among the Ukrainian emigre concern, however, can only in pari political groupings. Thoroughly Nadia Svitlychna, the first Ukrainian woman account for the failure ol the WCFU dissatisfied with their behaviour oppositionist political and prisoner to be allowed by the to realize its overriding objective and uncompromising attitude to Soviet government to emigrate Irom Ukraine, arrived in of coordinating vehicle becoming a one another he proposed to the New York November 8. 1978, and has settled with her for concretely dealing with the ' Congress that. two sons in Philedelphia complex problems facing the Ukrai- the new leadership ot the , In a briel slatement during a reception held (or her nian diaspora. WCFU resign their party upon her arrival, Svitlychna professed. 'I wani to Essentially, the WCFU is com allegiances, that only a helieve that in welcoming me to America, you greet part posed of national umbrella politically neutral executive ol Ukraine in me." As she thanked all those people who organizations of various' countries will embody any hope for the had campaigned on her behalf she recalled thai there — by far the two largesl being the future of the WCFU were still many of hei fellow dissidents awaiting Ukrainian Canadian Comrnillee Furthermore, disgusted with emigration, and named Slephania Shabatura, Vilahy (UCC) and Ihe Ukrainian Congress the manner in which the Ukrainian Kalychenko. Ivan Kandyba and Yosyf Terelia as Committee ol America (UCCA) question had been abstracted and examples She further indicated that her brother Ivan Because the WCFU can only be as mystified by the emigre political Svitlychny (one of Ukraine's loremost literary critics effective in implementing its goals leaders, Gngorenko clarified his and a former political prisoner) had released been trom as its constituent membei disapproval to the Congress, prison and was in exile in Altai in the Asian part of the organizations permit it lo be, the stating that, Soviet Union maior constraints limiting Iheellec- We will bring to Ukraine By her own admission. Nadia Svitlychna is not a liveness of the WCFU arc Ihus neither fascism nor com- 'political person' m the sense thai making sociological rooted in the very nature ol the munism I am against both. and political prognoses are not amongst hercapacihes factional si rife that burdens its We will bring to Ukraine However, in light of her highly emotional slate in fmdinq membei organizalions democracy. its inception From in 196. . Ihu The General ended his address I STUDENT iVul II 50 I) lor a p WCFU has had to accomodate ah with an additional insight into the intensive powei struggle hetwcon situation at hand, calling lor the the international leadership ot democratization of the WCFU. splinlei groups nf the Organization ol Ukrainian Nationalist (OUN) (WORLD CONGRESS (SVITLYCHNA continued on page ot thr 11) which "Bandenvtsi . com- continued on page 11) posing thr> ciurir-t inrlmii in lenns One down — two to go? How much longer for the Ministry of Multiculturalism Alex Tymofienko few weeks, a lobbying variety ordinatlve functions over policy In the confusion of Prime poyal Mint every intense by a of in federal areas of jurisdiction. Minister Trudeau's recent cabinet modest portion of which manages interest groups that the federal None of Liberals finally to the of these ministries has ever re-organization (in which he made to find its way into the pockets responded Bob "The Mad Hungarian" Andras Canadians every pay day. The fust distinctive problems posed by their amounted to much more than a attempt to throw a few our chief economic czar over casualties of the slowdown appear lack of presence in two burgeoning token least of the early — of to the hungry "dogs" who federal expenditures), the dis- to be those who have the issues 1970s those "bones" for the programs in the appearance of one of the several muscle, those unable to keepjheir urban growth and immigrant had lobbied to first place, ministries of state, which were set muzzles in the sugar-coated trough cultural adjustment Canadian "goodies" (i.e. un- society. ' Recently, Joe "That's Who" up in the early 1970s before spen- of government as the Trudeau and his cabinet were even the likes ding for "the public good" went out organized lobbies such Clark has outflanked as well as well aware that federal policies in in espousing a of style, went largely unnoticed unemployed, the young, of Ronald Reagan urban affairs multiculturalism The decreased ministry, urban the "ethnics").- and fierce brand of conservatism on of the dis- would be looked upon by the notably in his affairs, had since 1970 been trying -The implications several issues, ministry of urban provinces as intrusions into areas Toronto Star, Dec, 30, to busily co-ordinate federal mantling of the proposal (see future ot other held to be exclusively within their - the fledgling policies toward our cities. affairs on the 1977) to abort mul- jurisdiction under the BNA Act. including As 1978 has been designated ministries of -state, including ministries of state — not be Therefore it was only with great affairs, and amateur "The Year of the Scrooge" in the ticulturalism, should urban fitness should be reluctance that the ministries of multiculturalism (See calendar of our Ottawa mandarins, minimized. It sport, and affairs was urban affairs and multiculturalism March- the government has decided to stop remembered that urban STUDENT. Vol. 10. No. 44, (along with fitness and amateur playing Robin Hood with our money created under circumstances April 1978). Since ,the Conser- led the sport in 1976) were set up. make and has begun to slow down the similar to those which To vatives' recent surge in the Gallup proclaim intrusions palatable to printing ot those funny colored federal government to these more polls, Clark has effectively been "multicultural'' in the provinces, they were designated of pieces of paper bearing Her Ma- Canada officially promoted to the position result of of state with merely jesty's portrait which pour out otthe 1971. It was only as a ministries co- Canada's Number One policy- maker (I was tempted tosay "Acting Prime Minister" but Clark has failed to show any acting ability, save, Appeal to release perhaps, as a clown). It may. therefore, not be long before mul- Stephan ticulturalism will meet the same fate Semykivsky as urban affairs. dying Shumuk Some may argue, what difference does it make, anyway, September of this year release Shumuk These efforts, only receive practically no whether or not there is a federal Andre Sakharov, the leading however, have resulted in few medical help from the so-called ot doctors assigned to the camp, bul ministry of state for mul- humar rights activist in Moscow, concrete measures on the part Affairs are also forbidden to receive ticulturalism? As Joe Clark has stated that Danylo Shumuk, a the Department of External which we argued, shouldn't we be concen- Ukrainian political prisoner, was which has been mollified by packages with drugs Soviet em- need, although the camp dispen- trating on getting the money to "the seriously ill with stomach cancer statements from the people" rather than bloating our ' that sary nothing but aspirins up and in danger, of dying in the labor bassy in Ottawa claiming has is dying before our bureaucracy in Ottawa. Perhaps camp where he is currently im- Shumuk is in perfectly good "Shumuk But S10 million spread around to prisoned Sakharov asked that health' eyes. Our attempts to iorce the "the people", for them to sing and pressure on Soviet authorities be A leiter dated September 10. guards to provide Shumuk with evoked dance their way to obscurity, will given to English and French increased in order that they allow however, has recently reached the proper medical help has not go very far. And what about the Canadians But just remember, if Shumuk to leave the Soviet Union west from the Mordovian labor only malevolent cynicism. original reason for having a ministry you should think of getting a real and die m peace camp in which Shumuk is being Shumuk's principled stance and his of state for multiculturalism, which piece of the S52 billion in "goodies" Shumuk has several relatives in held. steadfastness, which they detest was supposed to sensitize govern- the federal government is dishing Canada who are willing to take care "We. political prisoners in the and fear, has provoked them to revenge themselves upon, him. ment policies in the areas of culture, out this year, it still pays to have a ol him if he is allowed to leave the Sosnovka concentration j:amp. immigration, human rights, etc. to name like Simpson or Eaton or Soviety Union and for the last few have heard that the Canadian "We thank you for your concern the fact that nearly one-third of Woodward rather than Boychuk or years various human rights groups parliament is making attempts to about our lellow political prisoner everything Canada's population is neither of Borowsky. As long as this remains have persistently lobbied with the have Shumuk released In connec- and ask you to do English nor French origin? the case, Canadians cannot afford Canadian government to exert tion with this good news, and necessary to ensure his release as " The powers that be probably to allow multiculturalism to become pressure on Soviet authorities to' knowing how difficult this task is soon as possible wjth an urgent ethnics" should be merely a folk -cultural granting Shumuk's release. On November 3 we turn to you Edvard Kuznetsov Mykhailo Osadchy ^|J£*Jt)?£->->-•' be in- satisfied to have S10 million worth agency dispensing "gifts" to happy lor example, the Canadian House of request that your efforts Oleksa Murzhenko Vasyl Romaniuk of "goodies" over and above those and contented "ethnics'' Commons unanimously passed a creased, for Shumuk is in a tragic resolution strongly urging the state of health /ew York protest leaves much to be desired Soviet government to immediately 'We Soviet political prisoners. Demonstration marred f by racism and violence

. Romaniuk J ...... „ , Bohdan Rorr Nearly 3000 persons, many the speakers' platform (We Pora) carrying placards and posters, attempted to further irritate the But a few hundred youthful gathered in New York City crowd with a number of racsist protesters refused to withdraw and November 26 to march on the Soviet remarks aimed first at the police and began hurling a number of objects mission in protest over the abuse of then at various nationalities in- at the assembled police forces human rights in the U.S.S.R. cluding Russians and Jaws, Several persons received head and The demonstration followed This tactic backfired, however, other injuries as the police moved in ning the final sessions of the 3rd World and the crowd began to disperse in to disperse the rema Congress of Free Ukrainians both anger and disgust demonstrators. on entire event was recorded Oanylo (WCFU) held in New York earlier in Seeing the tactical blunder The Shumuk rooftop of the week, and was directed towards their part, the leaders then brought on film and tape from the his singing Soviet mission by unidentified Danylo Shumuk is one of the most recent arrest Shumuk has publicizing the plight of Ukrainian the rally to a close with the the technicians "senior" Ukrainian political participated in numerous hunger and otherdissidents carrying on the of the Ukrainian national anthem KGB strikes protests prisoners in the Soviet Mordovian and other by struggle for democracy within the labor camps. He is 64 years old, and political prisoners and has prepared Soviet Union has been a political prisoner for or signed a number of petitions, The protesters were addressed dealing more than half his life; he spent five appeals, and complaints briefly by the-newly elected presi- years in a Polish prison before the with Ihe inhuman conditions in dent and vice-president of WCFU Second World War and has spent which political prisoners are kept. before marching from the site of the twenly nine years in Soviet prisons One section of Shumuk's Congress to the Soviet mission 1973 and labor camps. His latest arrest memoirs reached the west in some fifteen blocks away. was in January 1972, and he was and were published under the title However, the crowd was halted sentenced later that year to ten Za Skhidnim Obriiem (Beyond the 200 yards short of its destination by of years in a strict-regime labor camp Eastern Horizon). The remainder two columns of police — the first on his followed by five years of internal memoirs has just recently reach- horseback wielding clubs and riot exile for "anti-Soviel propaganda ed the west and will be published in gear and the second on foot some and agitation" and "slandering the the near future. twenty men across and four deep. criticized for Party and the State." The primary Shumuk has been Accepting the fact that further his moralistic and uncom- reason tor his arrest, however, was strongly attempts to push forward were futile with respect to his preparation of memoirs which promising stand the the demonstrators were then ad- were circulated among small behavior of his fellow political dressed by several prominent dis- groups of friends prisoners. He is nonetheless highly sidents. Shumuk has always taken an regarded by most camp prisoners First to speak was Simas active part in protests against for his honesty and idealism. Kudirka, who exhorted the abuses of authority by prison and In 1972 Amnesty International audience to tirelessly struggle as a prisoner labor camp officials in the Norilsk adopted Shumuk of against all aspects of Soviet Rus- conscience. After considerable forced-labor camps (in the Siberian sian imperialism in whatever form it research sub-Arctic). Shumuk was in- Amnesty concluded that may take. He was followed by been incarcerated strumental in organizing, in the late he had and Leonid Plyushch and recently- forties, an underground prisoners' deprived of his liberty, especially released Nadia Svitlychna both of self-defense league which was since 1957, solely for having exer- whom drew sustained applause guaranteed effective in defending prisoners cised his rights, under from the assembled group. against cruelty and abuse from the Soviet Constitution and law, and With the speeches over the in international work-gang foremen, camp guards, proclaimed leaders of the march then tried and administrators. A strike led by covenants, to freedom of expres- unsuccessfully to persuade the this self-defense league, however, sion. crowd to storm the police was brutally crushed in 1953. Since barricades. At this point a few unidentified, although apparently Part of the demonstrating crowd — but for what kind of unwelcome, persons climbed not revolution? STUDENT, December, 1978: Page 1 w

mask my opinions. I don't have to do tive farms nor efforts to rebuild this in an open forum like Student. began until the fall of 1944, when Student is just that, an open forum, the West Ukraine was reconquered and not the bastion of dogmatism. Peace River by the Soviets. Collective farm On the contrary, as long as Mr. S is The Moscow Olympics construction did not begin in writing letters, I find that Student "Poshta" earnest until late 1947. Ever since the 1976 Montreal Olympics, there has been scattered can just as adequately serve the 2. The 'destruction units' were not talk in the West of actively boycotting or pressuring the International confused right as the hidden left. recruited from Soviet partisans, but Olympic Committee (IOC) to change the site ot the 1980 Olympics, Yours truly rather from the West Ukrainian which are scheduled to be held in Moscow. As this campaign will Jaroslav Strybunetz villagers, who were consequently undoubtably intensify in the next year and a half, it is worthwhile at this Peace River exempted from service in the Red for action. arguments and against such an I point to consider the would like to respond to the Army. First of all, it is loo late to realistically expect that it the IOC assigned letter in the November issue of 3. Mr. Hromjak quotes my figure of the Games to another site it will be able to make all the necessary Student by Nestor S., which you thirty one of these units numbering preparations to host this athletic extravaganza in the brief amount of aptly entitled "Blah, Blah, Blah." 3.370 men. However, this figure time remaining before 1980. Hence we are speaking in terms of either Setting the record straight won't Setting the Record relates to the L'viv region alone and boycotting or supporting the Moscow Games. Mr. S's aimless require denigrating not the entire West Ukraine, for The arguments for a boycott state thai as the Soviet Union is an Rather, a few nine point epistle. Straight which figures, to my knowledge, are oppressive regime which denies its nationalities self-determination and elementary remarks will suffice to not available. its citizens civil and political liberties, we should not allow it to mask its clear up Mr. S's high-school contu- 4. The comment that "By 1945, party policies of tyranny and repression behind the facade of sportsmanship sion. cadres were greatly increasing in and international brotherhood. While the frequent comparisons made On the whole Mr. S I found you the Western Ukraine" is also inac- between the Moscow Games and the 1 936 Games in Hitler's Germany is supported all my contentions. For curate. My own supposition is that undoubtably an overexaggeration, a similar situation would occur in instance your remark, "that the P's I was both pleased and flattered the lack of party cadres in the area 1980 — to accept the site at face value would be to offer the Soviet and B's, have on occasion acted as to read the coverage of my seminar before 1948 enabled insurgent regime at least tacit support and allow it to score valuable propaganda spokesman for their clubs in paper given at the C.I. U.S. entitled: forces to successfully resist points. matters such as education and Collectivization of Agriculture in attempts at collectivization. While one can expect all cold warriors to rally behind any boycott of immigration," shows that the West Ukraine and OUN-UPA 5. Collectivization of Western the Soviet Union, it is interesting to note that an increasing number of Professionals and Businessmen act Resistance, 1944 to 1950, by Mr. Ukraine was not "essentially com- non-Stalinist leftists are coming out in favour of boycotting the Games. without KYK {Ukrainian Canadian Zorjan Hromjak. (STUDENT. pleted" by spring 1950. Statistics of This would, of course, be consistent with other campaigns against Committee) in community matters. November 1978, p. 5). Mr, Hromjak the Soviet Ministry of Agriculture repressive regimes — how could one oppose holding the World Cup in They act without KYK because they gives a perceptive interpretation of reveal that in the L'viv and Ivano- Argentina but passively accept the Olympics in Moscow? The debate is are attempting to usurp the mantle the events of the period and a Frankivsk regions, considerably ongoing and support for the boycott seems to depend on whether or not of leadership. Even you admit as concise report of the seminar dis- less than 50 per cent of peasant one defines the Soviet Union as a "workers' state." Some of the left is much; "If one could sublimate the cussion. However, his review does farms were collectivized terrified of playing into the by the hands of anti-Soviet imperialists and UCC's modus operandi to more contain some factual errors, which I summer of 1950. Only by the therefore balk at the boycott. But would it not make more sense to usurp useful purposes, the UCC could would like to, point out, as I con- summer of 1951 can the process be the campaign from the cold warriors and use the boycott as a platform accomodate and indeed incor- sider them to be of fundamenial said to be completed and one reads from which to campaign for workers' rights in the Soviet Union? porate initiatives by the P's and B's importance to this subject. These constant complaints about the The arguments against the boycott are also multi-faceted. Some are and others." Ah!, wishful thinking are as follows: "weakness" of these farms in the quite weak — everything from it being much late to too do anything hasn't changed KYK in the past, and 1. Mr, Hromjak states that "from the Soviet press of 1951 to 1953. about the situation, to cries the athletes) about Western right to there is no reason to think that the fall of 1942. UPA forces led an active David R. participate in the Games and the flabby, timeworn. Stalinist Marples uncritical P's and B's will sublimate KYK campaign in sabotaging collective Department of History acceptance of any Soviet policy or project merely on the basis of its without a struggle. farms and reconstructive efforts". University claim to being a "workers' state " Other arguments are more sound and of Alberta Another of your erroneous Yet neither the restoration of collec- on practical consideration — based effective will if it how the boycott be deductions is your contention that is extremely dilficult to persuade other countries to join in? And of Andrij Semotiuk is not the P's and course it will be very hard to decide what other countries should be B's spokesman. I never claimed he shunned in the future, as very few are 'angels' (could the imposition in was. I only pointed out that Andrij's 1970 of the War Measures Act in Canada have served as a basis for remarks as spokesman of the Ukrai- boycotting the 1976 Montreal Olympics?) nian Democratis Movement {UDM) The major group of anti-boycotters seem to follow what may be parrot the democratic thrusts of the termed the "they can't censor everything" theory, and urge athletes and P's and B's. Andrij is an ideologue, spectators alike to participate in the games but to use their presence in not a P and activist. Other Moscow to point out the Soviet regime's oppressiveness by shouting ideologues, such as Dontsov. serv- slogans during events such as prize-presentations, wearing T-shirts ed to form the fundamentals of with pictures of dissidents or slogans on them, and by-staging peaceful, thought for organizations in which collective demonstrations whenever they can they didn't participate And all I There are two major faults with the anti-boycotters' theory. First, it claim is that the UDM, rather than assumes that the political awareness of the athletes is such that they Jerry and his troops, represent the would be willing to participate in such activities. In all probability, only a ideology of the P's and B's small minority would. Second, it assumes that spectators coming from democratic thrusts. That the UDM is the West are also politically aware and educated enough not only to be incompetent and isolated is not the able to carry out an intelligent protest in Moscow but to able be to see fault of the P's and B's. That beyond the massive "clean-up" campaign which will undoubtably be Dontsov was an idiot for failing to launched in Moscow in the near future in order to be able to its present join the OUIM was not the fault of his "best face" to the Olympic public fanatical followers. It is naive to declare the Olympics a "non-political event." The Finally dear readers I am not a Games' recent history has shown this is that not the case (besides, why KYK-ivets as Mr. S claims, but a do the Soviets go to such trouble and expense to raise and support their socialist. I am afraid that KYK has 'amateur' athletes?). As such they demand a political position. little room for one like me. Yet 1 am If is also naive to expect that small groups of peaceful not inactive in the Ukrainian com- demonstrators from the West, should they materialize, will have more munity. Although I find at timesthat than a fleeting impact on Soviet society or the Games. in order to work effectively 1 must And that leaves a boycott , N.M.

JIIUii!HJi=f J '(:!.!! II Flit:rf JIN 1 M I M I f 1 1 J I J M I ! M 1 1 Fl N ^ ?Mt

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Yes. I want STUDENT! = Letters to the editor are welcome. We reserve the right to edit materials tor = Please send $4.00 in Canadian funds publication. STUDENT STAFF = to: EDITOR-IN-CHIEF - Neslor Makuch NAME ASSISTANT EDITORS - JarosTaw Balan, Bohdanna Bashuk, Roman Wyrmyckyj STUDENT ADDRESS w Bodnarufc Olenka Lupul 11246-91 Street Yaroslaw Bodnaiuk STAFF THIS ISSUE . Bobdan Chomlak Oaria Markevych = Edmonton, Alberta CITY Neflya Dmilriuk Neslor Mailo Son la Hawryah CANADA T5B4A2 Calvin Melnyk COUNTRY Itior Hlushok Roman Oleksij Ivan Jawortky Roman Petri POSTAL CODE Alexia Klysri Irk a Scharabun Volodymyr Ko*ko»ych Yuiiy Slobclsky fliilillllllllll Paqe 2: STUDENT, December. 1978 Multicultural Conference impressions. Multiculturalism: A bargain basement buy? This article is the second and concluding part of Andrii Makuch's series on the recent Canadian Conference on Multiculturalism. Andrij Makuch

An anecdote from the nation's of the nation. The question of integrated ment society. However, the not see multiculturalism as being in ethnic groups, such as the Poles capital: while the Third Canadian desirable is belonging to just how terms of these definitions remain their own interest, and in the and Ukrainians seem to concern on Multiculturalism Conference "mainstream" Canadian society incredibly vague. The term "mul- weakness of ethnic organizations themselves primarily with cultural taking place, there was also a was never enters the discussion. ticulturalism" can mean everything throughout the country. Groups and lingusitic issues, not seeing gathering of fundamentalist leads to the This second draw- from "cultural pluralism" to such as the aboriginal peoples, the multiculturalism in broader terms. Christians in town. One day both the current policy inter- back to "gradual assimilation," depending visible minorities, and recent im- In fact, the only surprising addition groups were holding sessions in the pretation, namely that the "integra- upon the speaker. As a result, policy migrants stress that survival now, to thisarrayof views presented at the Chateau Laurier when a bespeckled tion" constantly stressed in the statements can be and often are not in some distant future, is their conference (i.e. these groups have fifty-year-old Canadian of Danish minister's speeches is not a 'two- extremely nebulous. The main concern. They do not under- previously presented the same origin wandered into the wrong hall. street.' are told way We that honourable minister can promise stand multiculturalism completely, positions) was that of a strbng There he heard Mr, Norman Cafik, mainstream Canadian society will something for everyone without but do have a first-hand knowledge statement made by the Canadian of for Minister State Responsible -accept us with respect and un- stating clearly how he will fulfill of different bread-and-butter con- Jewish Congress urging the accep- derstanding if break Multiculturalism, give a most we away from them. The result: a confusing and cerns. The Quebequois were most tance of Canada as a pluralistic inspiring "cultural isolation." enlightening and address. our But, would often ineffective policy, and rous- noticeable at the conference by society. Basically this was a reitera- At a reception afterwards, this man the inverse hold true? The un- ing, rambling speeches. This is, of their absence, while those Fran- tion and updating of the position approached the minister and said, questioned assumption is made in course, the interests of the cophones who did attend were with which it had responded to the

"Sir, I that the mul- minorities do believe that the ethnic must federal government, which can suspicious of the proceedings. The official proclamation in 1963 of ticultural approach is fundamental integrate in all spheres of the host afford neither to have strong ethnic French view this concept as a direct Canada as a bicultural country. survival of, nation. to the our What society's activities in order even to lobbies throughout the dominion threat to their vital interests — an This division ot interest — not

I replied, else can do?" Mr. Cafik hope to extract any cultural {or nor to lose the support it gets from unfortunate, although understan- to mention open hostility in some "You must not keep this to just other) concessions on the macro the ethnic vote. dable, position which reflects more cases — among the many groups yourself. You must break away from scale or socio-economic mobility The main reasons that such a a suspicion of the federal gathered under the rubric of mul- an insular approach and establish on the micro scale. And with no state of affairs is tolerated lie in the government's handling of and ticulturalism has long been ob- program which will an outreach guarantees. lack of critical opposition to the motives behind the policy rather vious. Thus, it is not surprising thai take you into contact with the The goal of multiculturalism is handling of multiculturalism in the than an antipathy to the concept of these various ethnic minorities have people who are not yet converted to stated clearly as being a tolerant fact that many ethnic minorities do cultural pluralism. "Established'' not been able to formulate among this belief. You must win the hearts -themselves uniform priorities and and minds of your fellow demands, let alone cohesive reac- Canadians." Since that time this tions to policy developments. And man has been seen constantly amid their confusion, the Ministry of standing at a corner ot Ottawa's Multiculturalism acts as a broker in Market Square, clutching a sheaf of a very traditional Canadian Liberal glossy brochures obtained from the fashion. Multicultural Directorate and To add to these woes, the shouting, "My friends! Let me give recognized vehicle for these groups you a testimony about what mul- to articulate their specific "cultural" ticulturalism has done for me, what demands, the Canadian Con-

it can do for you, and how it can sultative Council on Mul- save our nation." He is arrested ticulturalism (CCCM) is stranded in occasionally for creating a public a frustrating state of limbo. [Ed disturbance. note' The CCCM is a citizen's This story, of course, is absurd. advisory body to the Ministry of The man does not exist. However, Multiculturalism formed of govern- the message related to him is ment appointees, many of them It is neither definitely that of Mr. Norman Cafik, card-carrying Liberals ] who does exist (in fact, key parts of responsible to the various ethnic their dialogue were taken directly communities which it is supposed from the printed versions of Mr. to represent (i.e.. it is not a council Cafik's speeches). And the entire ot Canadian ethnic minorities ) nor tale strongly implies where the can it make resolutions binding on concept of multiculturalism seems the Ministry of Multiculturalism to be heading- into a massive sell- (BARGAIN BUY con- job. According to the minister, he tinued on page 11) will work at the higher levels of state bureaucracy to make them more sympathetic towards the desires of Multiculturalism: ACanadian reality' ethnic minorities (his much- vaunted theory of "horizontal im- pact"). In turn, the ethnic com- munities must supplement his or surrealist Dave Lupul out ot their fantasy? efforts by breaking shells and taking a greater role in culture"?1 " Needless to their third conference of the language and with whom I spoke were frustrated crimination, spokesman Canadian society-at-large. The Canadian Consultative Council on say, the most exciting action of the by their being shunted off from the claimed thai too many of the leaders This all sounds very nice, yet, in Multiculturalism has conference occurred when the "adult" sessions, and by the failure of other cultural groups were only a society where the law of caveat (CCCM) come visit to to interested in from and gone and it is still a mystery why youth delegates made a of the conference organizers obtaining money emptor prevails, it is worthwhile to in Hull Friday night. g> for their it was entitled "Multiculturalism: A "Disco Viva" on provide them with an opportunity to the vemment own examine closely what product is Reality". For most of the Some of the workshops did meet in a plenary session of all five cultural activities. He questioned being peddled, what approach is Canadian discussions of the more than four manage to come up with some youth workshops in which a joint the sincerity of many group leaders, being used, and just who is doing hundred participants dwelt not on interesting results, managing to strategy could be worked out to for he believed that they ' were not the buying. impress even the Honourable present a more unified front on the in the forefront ot the struggle for The federal government has reality, but on fantasies as to what Minister, Norman Cafik. One ses- issues. A meeting of selected ethnocultural rights" on fundamen- gathered most of those ethnic they would like to see the federal create sion proceeded along novel lines by delegates from each workshops tal issues affecting the everyday" minorities not yet fully integrated — government doing to a rather juvenile song, lives of visible minorities multicultural Utopia here in Canada. composing a resolved that "whereas the segrega- psychologically, if not physically — other divisive issue was the normally ebullient Norman resembling a football cheer: tion of youth and adult delegates The into Canadian society and is trying Even precludes effective interaction that between the francophone Minister of Multiculturalism , to deal with them in a uniform Cafik, in 1867 Canada came together between the two groups; therefore delegates and those who were a policy which was not prepared to deliver the To make our country strong and Hue manner under primarily English-speakmg. One mul- Although tnere were some problems be it resolved that youth have a full stresses cultural diversity. The goods tor the brave new colours. on the Quebecois from Sherbrooke. a world envisioned in the All races, creeds and and active role to play current "official" interpretation of ticultural as to ii through committed federalist, summed up resolutions and recommendations Realty worked make Canadian Consultative Council on multiculturalism seeks not to aid " Multiculturalism ." the problem in commenting. How each group's self-realization in all of the delegates to the conference. But few the delegates do you expect French-speaking The reality is that Canada cannot o* spheres of their collective activity, a czardas for Dance of the Canadians to support mul- afford to be a truly multicultural questioned the legitimacy but to break down the barriers Share some ouzo, sak minister CCCM itself. Who chooses the ticulturalism when the only between these diverse Canadian country in the sense that nearly all community leaders'7 What is the in the government who ever talks communities. The printed version of the delegates to the conference Learn of dillerenl plat of consultative body like the about it speaks only English." The clearly expressed, at least as far as Wishing them a bien \ value a of Mr. Cafik's banquet speech put it the Minister ignores failure of Cafik to make even a token the existing governments in Canada CCCM which this way: as attempt to say a few words m are concerned at his whim? Cafik revealed hyper- French was not missed by fran- The policy encourages the As a designated representative much, in one of his typically sharing of our cultural bolic statements, by claiming that cophone critics of multiculturalism. of the "ethnic press', I donned my heritages and backgrounds of your [the CCCM'sj It is certainly not surprising that official press badge and went to "Halt already im- French-speaking Canadians are so with fellow Canadians in an work as your loyal STUDENT recommendations I've are the other half are im- reluctant to support mul- integrated society. We correspondent, trying to dig up plemented; not encouraging cultural possible for me to implement." ticulturalism when it is so often some interesting stories on the To be fair, all of the youth isolation, or cultural ghettos, The Minister can afford to be perceived as a means ot "youth" workshops to which I had workshops came up with many but encouraging all impervious to the CCCM. so diminishing their linguistic and been assigned. For the first time, positive recommendations along rather cultural rights. This is especially Canadians to enter into the as it continues to remain "youth" (meaning anyone under the the lines of further multicultural long mainstream of our society predominantly a group of Liberal true when the most vocal sup- age of 25) were being brought into content in education, production of respect and understan- and ineffectual porters of multiculturalism are so with the consultative process as par- resource materials for schools, party appointees recognise the primacy ding for each other. "community leaders" who have no reluctant to ticipants in the CCCM — albeit in a establishment of a research centre of popular support. Moreover, of the French language in Quebec Unfortunately, such an ap- tokenistic fashion, as they were for the study of multiculturalism, base the ethnocultural groups and are either unwilling or in- proach to the policy of mul- shunted off into separate more effective use of media, more themselves remain strongly capable of addressing French- ticulturalism has major drawbacks. workshops from the "adults", as if local cultural festivals, more inter- divided on key issues This speaking Canadians in the French First of all, it questions the the age of majority in Canada had cultural awareness, more effective evident in the language ethniccommunitiesas suddenly been raised to 25. human rights commissions, the was particularly legitimacyof a lot of sessions relating to "The Future of That there remain entities unto themselves — as noted There were five youth right to be educated bilingually in "mul- Ethnocultural Organizations in questions as to how by the stress on sharing rather than workshops — they included dis- one's "heritage language." etc. As the Chairman stated in ticulturalism within a bilingual developing cultures. The implica- cussions on education, youth ac- Needless to say. none of them will Canada," his report of the framework" can become a "Cana- human at least by the presenting with such an idea has tion in multiculturalism , be implemented, tion that goes the concept iself sessions. "We sought a shared dian reality" (when been current in Canadian thought rights, cross-cultural awareness, federal government, because the agenda that was not there". The since the turn of the century: if and heritage languages. Each multicultural budget will likely re- blacks, in particular, claimed that ethnic minorities remain in self- workshop was given a short list of main a paltry sum of about SiO (MUL TICUL TURA L ISM the Chairman's report failed to enclosed communities (or "ghet- rather mundane questions, such as million lor each of the next five reflect the intensity of their con- tinued on page 11) toes"), they are not contributing "Are there any differences between years; perhaps less if the Conser- con cerns over bread and butter issues "positively" to Canadian society individual rights and group rights?" vatives torm the next government. such as poverty, racism and dis- and are holding back the develop- or "How strong is the link between Many of the youth delegates STUDENT, December, 1978: Page 3 Student Interview: Part 1 Feminism, Socialism, and the bureaucratic regime: The real situation of Soviet women

Alix Holt ts the author of many articles on the womens question and

has in the past lived lor many years in the Soviet Union. She granted The official Soviet line has been that As I see it there are other ways nationalisation of women and un- at STUDENT this interview white in Edmonton to present a paper the the pill has harmful-side-effects. of improving the Soviet economy, iversal prostitutions. Radicals and recent conference on "Women in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe" This is true of course, and feminists but they involve the working class socialists on the other hand, would sponsored by the Division of Soviet and East European Studies at the in the West are becoming in- assuming control of the processes enthuse over the equality women University of Alberta. creasingly critical of the way pills of production — which is something had one won, the sexual revolution part This interview will be run in two parts, with the concluding have been marketed by the large the government wishes to avoid at and the experiments in alternative Mariika Hryn. appearing next month. The interview was conducted by drug companies without adequate all costs, since it would put them out living that were changing the fabric research being undertaken first. But of a job. So women are called upon of Soviet life — or so they thought. 1936 the right was withdrawn. ' the Soviet attitude is hypocritical to raise the birth rate in order to Both pictures bear scant STUDENT: Are you involved in Stalin's regime did not recognise because they have been putting maintain the present economic and resemblance to reality as ex- structure of women's movement in the West? ts that individuals had any rights at all. absolutely no money into trying to political the country. perienced by the majority of the the question of the women's posi- Women did not launch a campaign develop new and safe methods of Women's choices are being limited population. The talk about the tion in the USSR of interest to the of protest — the regime had made contraception. They do not even in order to maintain the status quo. 'nationalisation of women' was pure women's movement in the West? sure to crush all social bother to produce adequate In other East European coun- fabrication and the sexual freedom What lessons are there to be learnt? organisations including the supplies of adequate quality tries, where governments are also that women won was of a very Holl: Yes. I've been in the women's women's organisation — but there traditional contraceptives. The IUD worried about birth rates, a system fragile and ambiguous kind. A few movement for nearly ten years now. was a great deal of anger against the is available. A friend of mine got of maternity benefits has been communes were set up in the early

I helped torm Women's Action pregnant a couple of months alter introduced whereby women are twenties, but usually they were a law and the number of back-street _ Group at my university in 1969. abortions increased. One of the first she had one fitted. The IUD, un- paid to stay at home with their made up of young men with no Since then the women's movement measures of Krushchev's 'thaw' was derstandably, is not a popular form children for several years without place of their own to go to. None of has grown enormously Most towns to reintroduce free abortion on of contraception. The condom is losing their jobs or pension rights. them lasted very long. One in

several groups active manufactured, but you may have to Whilst in the short-term these Moscow, and I think it is typical, now have . demand. That was 1955. around different issues. In Bir- This law still stands today. At visit several chemists before you benefits help working women con- b-oke up after a few months

I difficulties mingham where I live we have tried least officially if does. remember find one who has a stock. Anyway fronted by the of the because three treasurers in a row 1 to raise the question ol the position going to see a doctor in Leningrad most people are reluctant to use this double shift, in the -term they embezzled commune funds. of women in the USSR and Eastern when my period was late to be told method because they say the quali- reinforce the sexual division of Alexandra Kollontai, the only real in I ty of labour In Europe Two years ago, the that as I had never had a child was the rubber is poor and reduces and offer no solution. leading Bolshevik to write exten- autumn of 1976 we organised a not entitled to an abortion. Legally I sexual pleasure. That leaves coitus the USSR there has been some sively on issues of women and the conference and were surprised and did have the right, but its easy to see interruptus. And. ..abortion. discussion about introducing a family recognised that most people pleased that as many as sixty would not be drawn immediately to women came Because of the ideas of communes and alternative success of the conference we have life styles. The family could not be started to bring out an occasional abolished just like that. It had to be newsletter which carries short ar- gradually replaced. She insisted ticles on historical research as well though that developing alternative as information on the participation structures to the nuclear family, the of women in the dissident move- provision of day-care centres and ment. The third issue of this canteens, was a very important newsletter should be coming oul in aspect of the revolution. Her vision January. We have been trying to was of a society where caring for make contact with people in other children and performing domestic countries interested in the question tasks would not be the individual oi women in Eastern Europe and m responsibility of individual women, campaigning around ihe question but would be organised on a collec- of womens rights. Anyone in Ed- tive basis. monton interested in receiving the It was argued then and it has newsletter, or even better in con- been argued since that such a vision tributing to it and helping us in our was Utopian and that it was im- campaign should get in touch.' possible to stage a 'sexual revolu- So I would say that fhere is a tion' in a backward peasant country good deal of interest within the Kollontai's idea though was that women's movement in Britain about changes in everyday life should- be the real of in position women viewed not as coming as a result ol

Eastern I Europe. say 'reai' because economic change, but in conjunc- accurate information has been hard tion with economic change. I think to come across. Feminists would she was right agree that Soviet women are not The concerns expressed by liberated, but there are dis- Kollontai were echoed in the agreements about how we can learn writings of a few other party from the experience ot the USSR. members. Architects drew plans of These disagreements f low t rom homes without kitchens; doctors basic differences in understanding wrote of separating sex from wumen's oppression. Some procreation; economists calculated feminists consider that the origin of how many cooks, nurses and laun- oppression is to be found in the dry workers would have to be patriarchal structure ot society and employed by the state if the that the economic exploitation and domestic labour of housewives was the class struggle that socialists to be socialised. But the homes have always focussed on is not very were never built, the contraceptive relevant to women in their struggle how women can be intimitated into logic and facilities never for liberation. They would argue The of this situation is similar system of benefits and the communal giving birth to children don't they hard to It provided on a mass scale. the thai the example of the Soviet Union fathom. would make current five-year plan mentions the So want. And there is such a lot of red economic sense for picture of the twenties as a time of proves their point: its pretty obvious the government meed to increase opportunities for tape and gueueing involved in to experimentation life things haven't changed very much, give women access to safe women to do part-time work and with styles and getting a free abortion illegally. This methods of equality for -followed so socialism can't be said to really contraception since take work home. So far women do women by is not 'back-street' abortion the way repression inequality liberate women. Other feminists women would then not have to take not seem to be anxious to take the and of the we understand it in the West. time off work to have abortions. The thirties is not entirely accurate. recognise that it is not only women government up on this promise. Ironically you often get better absence of at There certainly in who are oppressed in Soviet socie- women the decision- Surveys show that working women, was repression treatment outside the hospital. making level in the thirties — ty, that there are other inequalities the health service particularly those with higher skills marriage and divorce Doctors perform the operation in laws were besides those between men and presumably has some effect on the and more interesting jobs, are not tightened, abortion the comfort of your own home and ordering of became illegal medical I women, that the society has failed priorities. interested in solving the problem of and homosexuality a with modern, usually imported, think concern for criminal offence. to achieve socialism. They would the birth rate is the 'double shift' by leaving work But even during equipment, that is not used in the also an important reason. the twenties official try to make connections between outside the home. And so far the attitudes to regular hospitals. A friend who had morality were far from progressive the shortcomings of the society in government has not tightened the an abortion done legally in the abortion laws as several and the actual lives of the majority general and the particular position STUDENT: Recently in Soviet press other East hospital complained that it had European of women changed remarkably lit- countries I of women. discussion about declining birth have done. been done without any anaesthetic tle. really think it I think that the Soviet would be hard for the ex- whatsoever, rate, and need to have more women was very painful and government The majority of Bolshevik party perience shows us that the stay at home to to change the abortion had taken her a long time to get have children- Why relationship between class and law, given the strong feeling members and leaders considered over, are the Soviets so concerned about both physically and mentally. that women's liberation gender is much more complex than birth rates? amongst Soviet women that abor- would Another friend had an illegal abor- What are Soviet socialists in the past. were willing to tion is a right However, there are come automatically with economic tion womens ' attitudes on this question? during her lunch break — the progress. They did understand and admit. It was often indirect ways Ihe government can not take Kollon- suction method Holt: Soviet economists who have was used — and influence tai's advise and attempt to integrate thought that by changing property written articles women's choices. I have went back to work in the afternoon about the need to relations already the two processes. I think that this women would be liberated increase the birth-rate have been mentioned the failure to feeling OK. She thought the fifty reflects at the waveot a magic wand. No one quite open provide adequate contraception. a traditional weakness of roubles had been well spent. about the reasons why. can believe in fairy Failure to provide day-care and the socialist and labour movements: godmothers The economy, they say, is in Nearly all the Soviet women I anymore. other public facilities of sufficiently a concentration on production at know have danger. More babies are needed in had abortions. Some as the expense of analysing reproduc- order that the high standard is another way. many- as ten or twelve. This is economy can con- STUDENT: Abortion tion, the family and the oppression and con- tinue to function. number of because abortion is still just about The traception...what of women. This is the area where it is the regime's children likely to born between During the ' he m = ,hotl contraception. be STUDENT: 1920s policy on this question? °' is important that we learn from past „ now and the end of the century has many experimented in 'alternative The USSR has not yet produced its mistakes. Holt: In 1920. thai is three years been C?ntraceptwe. The calculated, and it is not life styles'. What were these ex- alter the ' Russian revoluhon enough. It is , women's duty to periments about? How widespread """ pill. Inlecundin has been Bolshevik decree legaliseda abor- provide the state with more workers were they? When were they aban- ,...... imported on a sma scale but vou tions, provided the opera ion ook NEXT MONTH: , r ; Q„^„ , , . so that socialism can be built. * .. .. Z7 The doned? Stalin's counter-revolution „,„ „ u . , need friends in the nqhl p aces to place in a hospita . This . ,. wasthe lirst , u , economy is a god to which womens on the women's question? £ m _„„ ^ ... get hold of supplies and even then •Dissidents and Women 'eC needs to sacrificed. tnev too erratic to make this a have be The Holt: In the years after the Russian ed abortion r» Tf' « •Potential in USSR !S3Thto a women snght.ln „ 'needs of the economy' are not, ia £|e , hod of revolution the Western press used me 0( con „aception •Attitudes of Soviet Women Women course, critically examined; they to in for lurid tales of 'free In Eastern Europe Newspaper Collective, c/o Barbara go love' in Holland. •Women's Status in USSR CREES, University ol Birmingham. Birmingham, England are taken as given. the land of the Soviets, of the •Comparison with West

Page 4: STUDENT, December, 1978 : "

Ukrainian language instruction compared Irka Scharabun At the recent and Alberta experienced Canadian Con- a heyday publication of the Department of in the second sultative Council on Mul- half of the 1960's in Education's reading series Tu( ticultural ism supplementary Ukrainian conference in Ottawa, language Tam. On the other hand, as far as education was instruction. Pupils attending touted as a major these professional development is con- Saturday schools vehicle for retaining and were basically of cerned, Mr. Kruk was of the opinion Ukrainian background propagating the multicultural with some that the Association of Ukrainian aspect of our fluency in the language. Canadian society In As pointed Teachers and Educators in Great this respect it out by Mr- Kruk, the was interesting to make-up of the Britain fulfills this need better than pupils attending listen to Mr. Ihor Kruk's presenta- these Saturday the School Council (Shkilna Rada) tion schools has November 28 at a Canadian changed in recent does here in Alberta. Institute ol Ukrainian Studies years. The current students do not In concluding Mr. Kruk pointed •If you're a Western Canadian populist, an historian, have a folklonst, or seminar on the similarities and even a basic knowledge of out that the psychology simply appreciate of the good poetry, you might want to have a look at Andy differences of Ukrainian language Ukrainian. As a result, the programs Western world Suknaski's regarding second most recent verse offering, the ghosts call you poor. instruction in Great Britain and in these schools will in the near languages is detrimental to the Published by Macmillan of Canada, the just-released collection of 57 Alberta. future probably become much more development of new is second language poems a veritable cornucopia of Western Canadiana that is sure basic and watered down. learning. In essence, "English is to place Suknaski high on the list of candidates for the 1979 Governor Two common problems exist in accepted as the language and it is General's Award for Poetry. You might also find that the book makes an both Great Britain and Alberta at unnecessary to know any other to excellent Christmas gift... this time: 1) inadequate teaching exist." In proposing a possible materials and programs, 2) inade- solution to the dilemma, he sup- •Overheard at our Edmonton office: quate professional development. ported Roman Petryshyn's idea that "Comrade Boss, sir." From his presentation Mr. Kruk we must create a Ukrainian environ- "Da, vas iss itt?" indicated that Alberta has made ment in order for the language to "You are What you culture!" more progress in the development flourish. "Da. agent Peter? You have been too long avay home from. You need of appropriate teaching materials How many of you speak Ukrai- vacation?" and programs, especially with the nian among your peers? "Nyet. nyet comrade It's a nationalistitski plotski."

"Da. da. You have too long away been. Take it break'" "But comrade . The sociology "Do as I say! What you culture! Some agentskis are out to lunchky." •Agent D REPORTS SUCCESS IN SABOTAGING A SUSK Eastern Conference delegate's car. The rear window fell out, the axle pin fell out, of success the gasket cracked the clutch slipped and the tacometer. speedometer Bohdan Chomiak and windshields malfunctioned — all according to schedule. Unfor- tunately the delegate still managed to make pari of Saturday The urban Ukrainian ghetto was suggested that since the im- afternoon's sessions We must review our sabotage plan. and its demise was the topic of a migrants' housing was totally self- Ihor Kruk recent seminar presented by financed, any changes in the hous- As Mr. Kruk indicated in his Roman at the •Reliable sources indicate that the appearance of Joe Clark at the recenf Petryshyn Canadian ing pattern would reflect changes in presentation, although Canadian Conference on Multiculturahsm in Great Bri- Institute of Ukrainian Studies in the immigrants' status. Ottawa was the result of a tain call to Paul Yelchuk (Conservative has a much larger population Edmonton on November 14. To test this MP-Atnabasca) from an unidentified hypothesis , million) than source suggesting that "it might be a idea" if (52 Alberta (1.6 Petryshyn's presentation explored Petryshyn devised a questionnaire good Clark showed up lor the meetings. Indications are million), in terms of Ukrainian the sociological and historical based on three questions that Clark's visit spurred on the population there is a reversal aspects appearance of none other than Pierre Elliott Trudeau at the reception in of "Housing Segregation 1) What is the relative living stan- order — there are 30,000 and Mobility held later that evening at the Governor-General's residence Our source Ukrainians of Ukrainians in dard of Ukrainians in Britain today in Great Britain 135.510 Manchester". mentions that Clark promised to retain existing multicultural programs, and in given that they started at the bottom Alberta, Several related differences but threatened to shift public funds away from the ethnic press and After briefly discussing pre- of the housing and income scale, between towards the cultural groups themselves More pre-election goodies the two areas in Ukrainian second World War Ukrainian 2) What housing mobility and types to language instruction come? were pointed settlements in Britain. Petryshyn of housing have Ukrainians oc- out. Firstly, public schools in Great went on to describe the large influx cupied over the past thirty years, •A priceless Britain do not offer the Ukrainian into Britain of single Ukrainian men and quote from the Multicultural Minister, Norman Calik; "If people think that the government has problems of national unity now language as a course. On the other after the war. These men came 3) Has being Ukrainian influenced just try to make Ukrainiarrthe third official language." hand, there are 52 public schools in largely from the past-war DP the immigrants' housing standards, Alberta offering Ukrainian at the camps, occupied low income and tenure and location. His question- Junior •Those oi you who saw George Ryga's "Ivan Lypa" on the and Senior High levels. As status jobs, and along with other naire, however, was hampered by Newcomer well, series aired by CBC-TV shouldn't be surprised that the bilingual education (English- immigrants congregated in a cen- poor response and the unavailabili- show was Ukrainian) is offered in tral sponsored by Imperial Oil. Ukrainians used to work for Imperial 8 schools at housing area. Petryshyn was ty of census data on Ukrainians in (Standard) Oil back at the turn of the century — can read all it the elementary level in Edmonton. able to make a comprehensive Great Britain. you about far in Ivan Franko's stories set in the Boryslav-Drohobych oil region of As as funding is concerned, survey of their housing distribution Petryshyn's study of the chang- Ukrainian Western Ukraine. Who said life would be easier na emigratsii? language instruction in in Manchester from the address list ing housing pattern revealed a Great Britain is basically funded by of the "Dnipro" club, which served distinct movement away from the •Although general Petro Grigorenko merely staled at the 3rd World the private sector, whereas in Alber- as an informal community social urban core. This movement went Congress of Free Ukrainians that he opposed Ukrainian fascism, a ta the government does provide a center for the immigrants. through a number of phases begin- certain sector of the Congress participants immediately objected to reasonable amount of financial aid. Petryshyn made a number of ning with accomodation in hostels their being labelled fascists. Touchy, touchy One of the similarities which observations based on a com- and renting rooms from Ukrainian exists between the two areas is that parison of the addresses ot landlords, and culminating in the • Here's one for Lloyd's of London. As we all folk while Ukrainian is offered at the "Dnipro" club members in 1957 with purchase of detached homes in the know, Ukrainian dancing is not only spectacular, but also very university level, supplementary their addresses in 1972-75. Of the suburbs. Accompanying this dangerous. For example, a few weeks ago one of Edmonton's Ukrainian language instruction, 170 addresses available. 90% were change in housing was a social Shumka Dancers smashed a commonly known as "Saturday within a mile radius of the club in chandelier of one of the city's major hotels as he did the splits during a performance Whose insurance covers the school, "does exist 1.1 in Edmonton, 1957. Fully 104 were within a ten (SOCIOLOGY con- damage? and 30 in Great Britain. minute walk of the club and 89 were tinued on page 10) Historically both Great Britain in close geographical proximity. It Remarks on Roman Petryshyn's "Housing Segregation and

Mobility of Ukrainians in Manchester" Lubomyr Luciuk Analysis of those social forces system which constrained their salient as a centrifugal force in the that of many British citizens? which generate or augment the choices not only for housing but for dissolution of Manchester's Ukrai- It is really with Mr Petryshyn development of an ethnic social s enclave mobility as well. nian village". "ethnic Of course concluding remarks that this within the urban setting provided a While Mr, Petryshyn's study these remarks do not denigrate the reviewer is most concerned. The focus for many of Mr. Petryshyn's - undoubtedly contributes to our importance of economic con- suggestion was made that analysis recent remarks to members of the store of knowledge about the siderations. They only suggest the of those economic forces which Canadian Institute of Ukrainian process of immigration and its need for reflection on the possible generate or augment ethnic Studies and University of Alberta relationship to ethnic housing role of other influences. Historical enclaves might provide those in- students. Commenting on his study patterns there are several themes research might clarify the situation. terested in "social engineering" of post-World War II Ukrainian within his discourse which bear Another question arises. Mr. with information which could prove immigrants to Manchester, critical attention. Petryshyn indicated that 35% of useful when it came to establishing England, Mr, Petryshyn attempted First of all there is a regrettable those interviewed reported that viable, cooperative and bilingual to show how economic, rather than lack of historical dimension to his they were still in their first bought (Ukrainian/English) housing cen- cultural, motivations were the paper. Whereas it was established homes. Why did they remain? And tres in urban areas like Edmonton. primary determinant of intra-urban that immigrants from the Ukraine those whom Mr. Petryshyn labelled By way of example. Mr Petryshyn movement. Indeed changing hous- had settled in Manchester by 1893 as having been "trapped" within a suggested that a block of city ing patterns among this immigrant there was little discussion of the redevelopment area, why did they property night be developed as a group Were related to improving subsequent housing patterns ol stay where they did? Was it only multi-liered housing complex. socio-economic conditions within these migrants, nor much delibera- because they were old, retired, Therein a Ukrainian culture would the group and their perceptions of tion upon the interplay between financially incapable of moving? Roman Petryshyn either be preserved from the the benefits accruing from residing members of the two Ukrainian Could not these people have now live in "better than average detrimental, assimilatiomst in higher quality housing located immigrations to England. In some preferred to live in the core of what, housing" relative to other in- pressures which Ukrainians in outside the traditional Ukrainian eastern Canadian urban centres through years, they had come to habitants of Manchester. This Canada face or a contemporary enclave. Over a period of years a (eg. Kingston, Ontario) members of know as their "ethnic village?" observation is puzzling, given Mr. Ukrainian-Canadian culture marked shift north from the original different Ukrainian immigrant Dilapidated housing is one thing, Petryshyn's insistence on the fact developed. The variegated nature of settlement core occurred, as these groups often chose to live apart, having a "sense of place" even for that many of these individuals were this housing complex — ac- people increasingly sought ac- regardless of the economic con- what is apparently a slum area to somehow "constrained" or "mould- comodating both the very young comodation in dwellings offering ditions prevailing in the housing outsiders, may well have kept these ed" by the English social system and the elderly — would recreate a additional amenities. Emphasis market at the time of their arrival in individuals in their original settle- and thereby limited in their Ukrainian "ethnic village" in chosen throughout the presentation Canada and subsequently, con- was A ment area even more surely than freedom. Surely the society could Canadian cities. placed on the number of im- spicuous hostility between economic pressures were responsi- not have been very enthralling if pediments encountered by members of different immigrations these ble for first placing them there. many of these individuals were (PETRYSHYN con- immigrants, some of is present in other Canadian whom were centres One of the paper's findings was eventually to accomodate reportedly "trapped" within a and may well have been equally tinued on page 11) that many of the Ukrainians studied themselves in housing superior to STUDENT, December, 1978: Page 5 Some realistic advice from a former SUSK PRESIDEN So you want to be in the Ukrainian

' ty until that time. But the organized want to fight for it, who have not tocracy of the Ukrainian community This paper was originally presented by Olenka Bilash at the SUSK community tends to be suspicious graduated from the traditional can bridge the gap. Students can workshop following the "Social Trends Among Ukrainian Canadians' of these types. Ukrainian organizations, and those begin the process of changing the Conference held recently in Ottawa, The wealth and diversity of who do not approve of the archaic archaic attitudes of the communily. Olenka Bilash. a former SUSK president, is currently Bilingual Ukrainian song, folk customs, folk framework of the community, or But they must seek open-minded Education Coordinator lor the Canadian Institute ol Ukrainian Studies. artand in particulardancingandthe those who have not achieved social, attitudes and listen to the forum of culinary arts has graduated a'multi- professional, political or financial ideas presented by its membership talented generation of concert success? and avoid falling Into all of the tocracy which lives an equally performers. I believe that the Ukrainian — 1 have been invited to address Because most footsteps of their forefathers schizophrenic life switching from the question otstudents' roles in the Ukrainians are acquainted with gerontocracy is afraid — afraid of clinging to an idea for pride and the reality of Canada to the vyshyvka sentencing the community to Ukrainian community. I will do so pysanky, keramyka, and a prestige can be as archaic as the did memories of Ukraine. from a personal point of view based the like, they tend to consider firing squad if it leaves it in the idea itself.

I not possibly mention all on my own experience over the past could themselves experts in the field. In hands of the young people. And Students do have a role to play of the characteristics of the Ukrai- five or six years as a student, active fact, folklore disputes are often afraid that the Ukrainian language in the ethnic community and can nian community, but it is member o( the SUSK national resolved with the statement "every will slowly but surely fade from use. contribute to its development if they worthwhile examining some of the executive, and project coordinator. selo did it differently". Ukrainians in While it boasts of its successful ndni are prepared to accept the criteria for membership. I would like to preface my presenta- the west thrive at the opportunity to tion with the following remarks: Membership into the Ukrainian perform, for performing has been community is determined by one or 1. Over the summer I coor- called cultural sharing. They are more of the following factors: dinated two student projects ot confident that in the amateur field 1 . acquaintance with the Ukrai- will earn recognition for which I am probably more critical they nian language than most of their critics. This themselves and their community. 2. adevotion and preference for experience taught me a lot about But tew Ukrainians are encouraged everything Ukrainian, realism and success. Both summer that is or financially or do develop their thought to be Ukrainian, above all student projects were unique in that talents to a professional level. Any other things (whether they are most of the ideas had never been community support is expected to better or not) attempted in the Ukrainian- be repaid 100%. The Ukrainian 3. a familiarity and preferably Canadian community before. Thus community might learn from the upbringing in one of the traditional to a certain degree the blind led the Jewish community, which supports Ukrainian youth organizations — blind. No one in the Ukrainian almost every potential performer. It PLAST, SUM. SUMK, ODUM, UCY, community could offer experienced does not expect-that every recipient - : etc. . / advice and assistance and those will "make it", but that those who do 4. political or financial success outside the community had difficul- will not forget their donors. In the eyes ot other Canadians, ty relating to the ideas The community demands un- Ukrainians appear as a group 2 During the 1977-78 school questionable allegiance. Members determined to maintain its language year as I sat on various educational attend conferences to pat in Canada. II is the aspect of their committees, I found myself con- themselves on the back and meet culture held more dearly to stantly defending students and their others who are sympathetic to their hearts that any other Yei, paradox- encouraging others to develop cause Sometimes it is difficult, as a ically, it translates into a very low summer projects for Ihem. I believ- Ukrainian, to make objective level ed that the students would be most of proficiency in Canada. commenis, especially publicly, Students, victims capable of completing the as of the lax without the rear ol being ostracized community preliminary ground work for the expectations, are the by one's own community best examples of this tact. They projects discussed at these It is difficult to feel a part ol the permit themselves to say "Chy meetings, so that the teachers and my Ukrainian communily if one has not ma/emo 'lighter, stapler", or any consultants could begin their task graduated trom one of its youth other noun substitute lor which of curriculum development first organizations. Almost the first they know no translation, yet mock thing in the fall. Since then, question I am always 'asked is the "non-preferred however, my optimism has waned Ukrainian" who "Chy fy bula Plastunkoiu? speaks "half-na-p/V". Is "parkuvaty' 3 'A lew bad apples don't spoil Sumivkoiu?" In recent years, so much worse than "chy maiemo the whole bunch". With this in mind however, organizations such as lighter" or "poda/ stapler'"? To make I readjusted my first draft of this SUSK. HROMADA, and the Ukrai- the situation worse, it is presentation and injected as much very dif- nian Professional and Business ficult for someone who does not shkoly it knows thai the young parameters of the role and the optimism as I could. It is possible Federation are welcoming and speak Ukrainian to pick up the people use English as their medium guidance of its leaders A student is that there is a bit of rot in the whole initiating new Ukrainians into their language in order to be accepted. of communication like a community apprentice enter- bunch of apples. ranks. As they become more visible French language programs far The numerical growth of the ing a trade with some experience 4 As is usually the case with by on the executives of their outweigh Ukrainian language Ukrainian community in Canada and knowledge, and much energy SUSK seminars, the persons for organizations, the communily will programs in number and quality depends on welcoming the second and enthusiasm. Students are en- whom my comments are addressed have to accept them, if on merit The few Ukrain.an programs which to fifth generation "peripheral" couraged to express their ideas and are not present — ie. students, alone. But that merit translates into do exist are primarily Ukrainian is consciously ex- experiment with them, and this particularly from western Canada. offered for success and status. who high school students or adults with amining and searching for his roots apprenticeship is an opportunity to Social status sometimes por- and the Soviet immigrant, few put skills into practice while a trayed through financial or political as on they may be. If it does not, the long term "probation" with a high success will automatically ensure peripheral Ukrainian will be forced degree of tolerance and per- that an organization and its sub- to dissolve completely into the missiveness Never again in their sidiary associates reclaim the broader Canadian society, lives will their mistakes be overlook- Canadians of Ukrainian descent with little or no hope of reviving interest ed and permitted because of their and their immediate family into the m their roots in a future generation, status alone. If they are willing to community and continue to do so and the Soviet immigrant will simply accept the hard work associated for as long as the financial or associate with the Jewish, with their apprenticeship, political success continues. Russian their or Communist community master (the ethnic community) will; With time the peripheral Ukrai- guild them. Feudal? Just like 1h'e - Ingestion Without nian will be the community Do we community! Indigestion have the time to wait for this (o Student days are probably the happen so that some of the archaic, most liberal of one's life. They offer

' selfish and narrow-minded at- few responsibilities, especially if The Ukrainian community has titudes of the Ukrainian community one does not have to work during set a rigid set of criteria for its and its archaic structures will the school year. Essays and exams members. Yet one of its major change? I don't think so. And the are the few exceptions. Classes can concerns has been to attract the further fear is that'given the critical be skipped and are — to write second to fifth no background in the language. No generation state of the community, one major essays, catch up on homework or "peripheral" Ukrainian without The Ukrainian Com- program has yet been developed for attempt to change the existing sleep, or to take a skiing or suntan- jeoparoizing the elite character it university students who wish to framework of the community could ning holiday. My memory is alive munity's Appetite presently boasts. Although the Improve and perfect their Ukrainian do more harm to its present struc- with vivid comments made by language community acknowledges the proficiency. ture (especially it it is un- students returning afler summer return danger it faces as a group decreas- Now to to the topic at The community expects its successful), than the slow but jobs. How they boasted of their hand: students' ing in numbers relative to the roles in the Ukrai- membership to know the history patient task of building a new one well-paying no-work jobs, or their nian Canadian population, it fails to community. The characters and persecution of Ukrainians in California holiday financed by the involved — examme the reasons for its small students and the Ukrai- Ukraine and is beginning to ap- Unemployment Insurance Com- nian community — within preciate numbers. These are obvious. Students — Young, both work their history in Canada. mission Even though most of them the larger and more dominant Some Is it able to accept the organizations even expect its Foolish and (usually) agreed that, given equal pay, they Canadian "peripheral" Ukrainian? Is it open- society. Students are youth to die for the freedom of would prefer a job which required forced to live schizophrenic minded, tolerant and understan- Forgiven lives as Ukraine. Some people need time to responsibility and development to ding enough they move from one community to learn and understand the Ukrainian to accept those who one which had few demands, many another, and the Ukrainian cause. speak little Ukrainian or speak it com- They can still contribute to Open-minded students, fully proved that Ihey could not live up to presently thrives the poorly, who do not understand munity on a geron- Ukrainian-Canadian communi- why aware of contemporary Canadian the expectations of the one deman- Ukraine should be free let alone society, and familiar with the geron- ding responsibility — reports were

Page 6: STUDENT, December, 1978 a student activist an Community Olenka Bilash nanded in late orOf not at all. budgetshnrtnetc patientnstient becausehwamc He, rinn't they don't have the usually were not met and obvious. The long term plight of Soviet great deficits time or skills to do so. Their dissidents to the only SUSK projects which have ever incurred, values will be determined by the follow-up or reper- impatience and the attention of professionals, trustees succeeded have been frustration and students' well thought cussions of initiative to maintain their and city counsellors community work energy manifest themselves in rude than to picket out and continually reviewed. involvement in Do carried out in another other aspects of the the Lesia Ukrayinka city did not and seemingly pejorative com- statue which not attach SUSK's name to an burden or haunt project with the unique experience only increased the student retur- ments to their elders and blemish the general public's individual's project without striving ning to his behind them. Perhaps the Secretary intolerance studies elsewhere. the organizations to which of such acts.) for local support. they of State Community Services in Students and' their belong. Often, 6. Help public relations work 11.. Examine however, with a Program should the community at organizations are consider providing — recruitment for the evaluated by the clean family record, and an active Ukrainian- the national but local level to success of year-round incentives. Thus their projects. Few other and respected English Bilingual Program or "ndni determine what is parent, the blemish students lacking. SUSK means are open or previous volunteers shkoly". Students to the community heals more quickly. Otherwise, the fee! for their and the Ukrainian community has could be reimbursed as So projects are opportunities bad employees language and can influence others certain for reputation grows. with experience; national goals, but they students to prove themselves. not just from their hearts. But these Un- Some students are guilty of tasks must be practiced and accepted by fortunately, volunteers. These experienced require a poor perception of unconstructive community support — con- local groups. Successful criticism. Their students are student time, some laziness, future resource per- tact persons, irresponsibility recognition of school board per- projects demand committment and weaknesses in the sons in the ethnic and unconscientiousness community and sonnel, etc. on the community framework are devotion. Committment and devo- not crucial to its survival and develop- 7. Direct their interests toward tion can best be instilled when ment. If only '*new" students careers which can be advantageous project workers understand the become involved in projects of this to the Ukrainian community. With significance of their project to the nature each year, the small number high such unemployment figures, broader scheme of things. A of persons involved will experience students are being pressured to knowledge and understanding of only the initial stages of community follow job-getting and not the subject matter pertaining to the affairs. necessarily interest-satisfying jobs. project is compulsory. If students As apprentices, students need is There a paying demand in the do not have a strong background in time to perfect their skills and 'Ukrainian community for the subject area when they enter the specialize. No project will ever secretaries, typists, bilingual ad- project, time to do" so and the reach its full potential or fruitfulness ministrators, elementary expectation that it will be done must without experienced workers. curriculum developers of Social be incorporated into the Cou|d project this program consider pay- Studies. Art, Music. Reading and program. ing salaries with increments Physical Education in Ukrainian 12 Use the Ukrainian language relating to experience? An ad- 8. Make children and the as much as possible and seek to ditional salary increment for retur- grassroots movement a priority. As improve your own weaknesses ning students would credit students president of University French, Orient projects to linguistic goals. for their community service and German Ukrainian and clubs, I was To date, projects which demand a experience and encourage them to in a position to compare interest competence in the Ukrainian continue in this field. Otherwise, and activities. The membership of language have experienced dif- second, third and fourth year un- the French and German clubscame ficulties Several professors, native iversity students will seek higher- from various ethnic backgrounds, speaking immigrants and honors paying summer jobs for the money especially the WASP. The Ukrainian students in Ukrainian have difficulty alone. Furthermore, students will club, of course, did not enjoy such a resolving certain linguistic issues, begin to question their relationship privilege. Students in the French which have impeded the comple- to their ethnic community because and German clubs conducted tneir tion of projects, Future projects it interferes with their economic weekly meetings in French or must identify one mediator to success. German and chose as topics resolve such issues and allocate With the salary increments, various local, national and inter- special funds for a translator or final community groups could plan national issues and cultural editor. longer term projects (two to three enhancement. The emphasis was 13. Continue to gain lobbying years). They would be better plann- on improving linguistic proficiency experience but be certain that what ed by their initiators, especially in and on expressing one's ideas. The you are lobbying for will be com-

1 their latter years and be able to Ukrainian club held its monthly pleted and worthwhile. consider tackling the roots of some meetings in English and basically Let me conclude by saying that of the real problems plaguing the planned social events. Everyone there are one half to a dozen bright, ethnic community. seemed too busy with their youth concerned and capable student part of students have produced recognized because they do not groups and choir or dance practices leaders across the country. But six sloppy reports to care much about or twelve which were also offer viable alternatives. But these What Can Students Do? anyone who persons arenof enough to submitted late The Ukrainian 1 came from a different background accomplish com- actions must not be misinterpreted . some of the projects munity — ie. its organizations — Other students get caught up in than themselves. Such new people which are needed by the communi-

To the gerontocracy I say, rarely received copies. They were the competitiveness of their own were only accepted into their ranks ty, and certainly cannot be ac- recall periods of Ukraine's history given no basis upon which to faculties and refuse to commit if they were able to show un- complished without acquiring a when students were the intelligent- evaluate the project. They were not themselves or their time to a project questioning allegiance to the Ukrai- debt (which I am still paying), and sia and elite. Have faith in your informed of the objectives, or even if which offers no personal payoff. nian cause. Ironically that Ukrai- should not even be attempted youth and our future. We do have they were attained Sometimes, the Not even a poor salary. Can they be nian cause was rarely demonstrated without working within the something to offer. community labelled the project a blamed for their selfishness or are by anything but social events. framework of the Ukrainian com- Community development oc- failure because it did not agree with they products of a competitive Through club development there munity, with its leaders, and with curs wnen there is a balance its objectives. In order to complete materialistic society and a com- still emerges a unified peer group their student membership between new ideas and initiative successful projects, which can be munity which thrives on self- and experience with organizational Professor Keeley said, yesterday, and their acceptance by the realistically accomplished and of adulation'' work, which is crucial to work in an that the Ukrainian community in traditional community. Students benefit to the community, students ethnic community based on Canada seems strong in numbers cannot work in a vacuum must seek the advice of the ex- organizations. and resource persons. And to any suggesting projects which will be perienced community leader or its 9. Take on a theatre project outsider, this is the image we like to Proper Project totally rejected by the community. resource personnel. They must create. / am not so optimistic — our What can students do? have someone to turn to (not blame) Development in Both 1 . Take on small linite projects in case something backfires. Aims and Execution which can be completed and will It is difficult to switch from the score "brownie points" (recogni- student role of freedom and few tion) in the community as well as responsibilities to one of a summer Similarly, unsuccessful pro- having worth in and of themselves. job or project in the ethnic com- jects are products of many factors 2. Develop munity which imposes many. Dur- open-minded at- — as much to the lack of committ- titudes toward peripheral Ukrainian ing the school year, although ment and devotion to a project -and Soviet immigrants. the students have few responsibilities, Accept shown by students who sit and play non-Ukrainian speakers and those they do not have a lot of time on chess instead of working because who cannot identify in Moroz, their hands. In accordance with they are really at a loss as to what to Ukraine, and the Kozaky least community norms, they continueto at do next, as to the project supervisor until they properly understand what sing in Ukrainian choirs, dance in who gave students too much or who these people, places and Ukrainian dance troupes, teach freedom and not enough guidance, things are. Ukrainian school and fire the upper as lo the granting agency itself for 3. Orient research papers ranks of, Ukrainisn youth to developing a summer work Ukrainian topics and contribute organizations. The rest of their program and not a community them to The Journal of Ukrainian waking hours are spent reading in service project. One of the major Graduate Studies. the library or in heated discussions perfor- goals of the summer student pro- 4. Use Student as a forum which will offer a Christmas numbers are dwindling and we have — discussions which lead to attacks for jects is that someone learns their ideas. mance for Junior and Senior High difficulty realizing certain on their own community. Students something. Well, everyone usually 5 Join non-Ukrainian Ukrainian students in rural and endeavours because of a lack of care about their community and learns a lot — but at whose ex- organizations too, where certain urban areas! Young people can resource personnel. We have to want to contribute to it and leel a pense?? influence can be very profitable. relate to university students. They stop kidding ourselves and do part of it. They recognize its short- Projects in respect and admire them. must be evaluated {Eg. I found it more effective to something constructive to rectify comings and want to change it. terms of short-run and long-run become a memberof the Saskatoon 10. Most importantly, analyze the situation — or face inevitable but become frustrated and im- successes. The short term value is branch of the CNA and bring the yourselves and your projects. The stagnation.

STUDENT, December, 1978: Page 7 Edmonton Cultural Conference a siqn of changing times "You Are What You Culture" — Mark Ferbey Varenyky enter the computer age

for briefings and joint structors to a fine evening of The University of Alberta Ukrai- in Kiva, providing the participants place safe to assume their interests lie in well a place where constrast nian Student Club s first major with an opportunity lo reflect on the sessions as as classes). The between more social events, than this could float to after a the cultural workshop, entitled "You thoughts of others. In this way the participants "Kiva" and "Domivka" was "cultural stuff" (they couldn't even welt; the simple Are What You Culture", took a fresh mood ot the workshop was set, lecture in one of the many nearby adjusted to change use the favorite excuse of the event This round room was environments a virtue in the step in the direction of commumly enabling individuals to visualize classrooms. of was being too "political" for their taste). provide unusual experience. participation and displayed a firm more than one aspect of culture and constructed to weekend's The workshop's coordinator, experi- determination lo develop an ethnic view the variety of courses offered acoustics and prompted an The workshop was organized Roman Onufrijchuk, commented in evening in which all advance, using the talents consciousness. The three day as a way to fulfill specific needs. ment Saturday weeks in the debriefing on Monday that instructors individuals workshop {November 11 to 13) After this unusual briefing, the the participants and of numerous resource "there is a great need for cultural singing drew students trom various Western participants broke up and went to danced the "Arkan" while as well as some of the devoted U of seminars like "You Are What You This not Club Canadian campuses and included one of the many courses available. "Zakuvala Zalzulychka". A Ukrainian Student members Culture". He stressed the impor- break interested persons (rom outside These courses varied from topics of only provided a good to work alongside the Club's ex- tance of using existing resource evening's this time, Ukrainian club circles. An average "Cultural Definition" to "Crafts", between Saturday ecutive. During phone individuals in various communities the par- stuffing, ot sixty participants attended each and expressed an excellent insight courses but brought calls, envelope long to help in both organizing and bit of a high as of day ol sessions, which were held in into the Ukrainian people's way of ticipants' spirits to a meetings and pounds coffee participating in such events. they returned to their respective were the order of the day (as well as "Kiva" (in the U of A's Education life. The course instructors were Furthermore, he implied that an Building), and the Plast "Domivka" either academics or interested workspaces- much personal frustration). enormous amount ol work has yet The Saturday sessions opened resource individuals, all of whom Sunday and Monday's sessions Although these are side effects of to be done. individuals at Kiva. a round amphitheatre room, provided high-caliber instruction were located in the Plast any organizing task, the To most ot its participants, in with a briefing in which participants capable ol handling the eager will of "Domivka", which provided a com- involved were extremely capable "You Are What You Culture" was that logistics of the were asked to take part in a com- the participants. Because of this, pletely different atmosphere. Again ensuring the well worth the time invested. It munications technique designed lo many of the participants were the division of workspaces was workshop met with success. provided a groundwork for. future identity their priorities in cultural frustrated in deciding what courses more than satisfactory and small 11 the workshop had any down- workshops as well as developing its life Some participants expressed they should choose. One individual classrooms as well as larger falls, it was in the lack of students own spirit. With more such their cultural priorities in terms of commented that "there are so many meeting areas were utilized. One of from the University of Alberta itself. workshops dealing with the grass- It is a bewildering staggering "inner feeling and wanting", while courses, that I don't know which the highlights at the "Domivka"was and a root basis of identity, the Ukrainian- others ielt that culture is to be a one to go to" A minor problem the supper on Sunday evening, task to even attempt an analysis of Canadian community may well be "part of everyday life". Many other which was invariably solved. where varenyki, holuptsi and other their apathy. A well-publicized on its way to a positive future. interesting examples were also The exceptional use of Ukrainian dishes were served (of cultural event and only a handful of stated. These ideas were written workspace was a great attribute ot course a glass of wine was included participants materialize from the down on paper and taped to the wall the workshop. "Kiva" was a meeting to spark the participants and in- large U of A club! At this point it is Photos by Roman Petriw

Page 8: STUDENT, December, 1978 Student Review The Ballad of Zoryana: a new direction for JPj Ukrainian-Canadian musick;' Orest Soltykewych

While The Ballad of Zoryana displays not only originality, but her. Zoryana also immigrates and directs its message toward younger business acumen because of its they are reunited in Montreal and Ukrainian Canadians, it is an album eye-catching nature. marry. But things just are nol the which, unlike many other records of An enclosed booklet contains same, and Ivan eventually leaves its type, may be enjoyed by people the story on which the record is Zoryana for a native Canadian. of WINNIPEG: After any age. It is especially en- based, lyrics, credits, and an ex- overcoming its identity crisis (after all, how do you Zoryana is left atone with an infant. couraging to know, after hearing planation of the handle a Fidel Castro beard after a Che Guevara beret cover. The The is as president) the story actually much more Winnipeg records by Ruchnychok, Syny booklet's cover depicts a bandura Ukrainian Students' Club has pooled its intellectual resources involved, and its allegorical con- Stepiw, leaning and solved the age-old problem of increasing Dumka, and other current on a bench in Montreal's notations its membership by staging are explained in the a 'favorites' (not to mention Mickey Jacques Cartier Square. This, more successful, but decadent, "More & More Beer Bash." Unfortunately booklet. Upon hearing the record their soccer team did not fare as well and Bunny or the D-Drifters 5), that than anything else, illustrates the ( outside of the beer bash, that is) itself, it becomes immediately ob- some talented Canadian record's purpose: and failed to make the intramural finals. In the cultural arena, musicians the performers vious that countless many ideas hours of work are afloat involvement really do care about eliciting are Ukrainians, living in — with Ukrainian week in Winnipeg, the Festival and Canada, were involved in its production. of Life and cultivating the beauty of Ukrainian trying to help develop the Learning on campus, art exhibits, cultural workshops, a However, the inexperience of the music. Ukrainian-Canadian cultural-exchange with Kitchener-Waterloo and the annual Koliada. cultural performers is evident and several And politically, Even before listening heritage by producing the U of M USC showed its solidarity with the U of to the this record. aspects of the album need M Jewish Students' Association m defense of Anatoly record, one is first struck by its The story itself is a cliche, but polishing. Scharansky and other Soviet political design concept. with an interesting twist. Basically, prisoners at a demonstration November 16, and The Generally, the arrangements of followed by a public forum, as part of a nation wide aesthetically appealing album a young infant, Zoryana, grows up, the songs action on the part of display creativity and the Jewish community. cover portrays a Ukrainian falls in love with Ivan, who is peasant then artistic excellence while the in- harvesting called to war, leaving woman wheat with a Zoryana to strumental are tight, well- scythe, and the dream about him TORONTO: Congratulations to all students at Parkdale Collegiate entire scene is for "countless rehearsed, and adapt to the lyrics Institute who recently helped form enclosed by an intricate simulated years". Many years pass and Ivan, a Ukrainian Students' Club there. agreeable. However, the fundamen- Nina Rynkowsky wood-carved frame. now in Canada, reminisces was elected president, Oksana Chomiak vice- This cover about tals of correct singing, such as an president and Ann Fedorkiw secretary-treasurer. The club was formed "un-breathy" tone, open throat, and to help maintain and to develop an awareness of Ukrainian culture and proper phrase beginnings and en- tradition, and its first project is a depiction of a traditional Ukrainian dings are too often overlooked. Christmas. We wish the club all the best 1 The serene mood prevalent The University of Toronto USC is still recovering from the Eastern throughout the record is HEADSET Conference they hosted November 17-19. and particularly from the very magnificently established in the successful zabava Lubomyra's impact on the approximately 600 people overture, leading right into an in attendance was quite positive. Record Reviews by Myroslaw Bodnaruk impressive and delicate "Oi misiat- siu misiachenku". The flute excells MONTREAL: The Concordia Ukrainian Students' Club held a in "Oi sama zh ia, sama" but poor successful "Wine & Kobassa" party on November 23, attended by 120 diction in places and weak and people who enjoyed all the wine and Kobassa they could consume. unsure high notes weaken its effect. Many were seen rolling out the door. "Pishow Ivan" pleads for greater use of dynamics and the cute |azz KINGSTON: Queen's Ukrainian Student Club was represented progressions simply do not suit the September 26 at the Queen's University "Club Night", an annual "oi-ia-hoi" phrase endings "Oi za University funded event dsigned to provide students with an opportunity lisochkom" needs moresinging and obtain information on the various campus clubs. The Queen's USC less crooning, and poor diction, displayed a variety of Ukrainian handicraft and student response to a again, stands out in the third verse. demonstration of Easter egg painting was so great that the club has "Rushyv Poizd", with its excellent decided to offer a course in this sometime after Christmas. Other events "tram" accompaniment should be planned for the post-Christmas term include the annual 'Pub Night" (to sung by a male, since there is be held Friday. January 26), book displays and hosting various something peculiar about a speakers. woman's voice singing "Farewell, my lovely girl". NATIONAL EXECUTIVE: The National Executive voted December 1 Side One leaves one with to allow the newly reactivated Ukrainian Students' Club at Concordia Zoryana - Yevshan - a feeling of pathos, as Ivan Ivan Records YFP-1008 -$6.98 University (Montreal) to host the 1979 SUSK National CONGRESS (to has just left Zoryana. However, the be held in late August). This will be the 20th NationalCongress and all flip side begins with a carefree and USC members should plan now to attend this extravaganza. More When our parents dream of the batkivshchyna some thirty, fifty or lively "khodyla ia po sadochku", details available soon. more years behind them what do they dream of? The loves, the spoiling much of therecord'seftect In other earth-shattering developments, the National Executive will sorrows of their condition when they left Ukrainian to settle in this "Mozhe tak ne treba". sung without be hosting a series of dances across the country on Friday. February 2. country? Did tato or dido have a Zoryana who was left in Ukraine? What instrumental is interesting but not These dances will offer the usual "good lime'' but with a purpose — to do their children reflect on here? is What the contruct they build out of quite 'together' "Persha is liubow" a finally eliminate the SUSK National debt which has been passed on to their parents' dreams? great improvement, but again the incoming executives for years and years and years and ... The album The Ballad of Zoryana (Yevshan records 1978). depicts voices need more confidence. the emotional strain and hardship experienced by emigrants leaving "Mynaiut dni" should have been Ukraine coming to and a new country. The nostalgic daydreams our excluded because of: a) its style not parents have when they receive a letter from Ukraine takes on a matching that of the other songs, b) cohesive, sequential musical form. This album of Ukrainian folk and poor diction, c) the strings' intona- contemporary songs, in the musical genre of a modern 'concept' album, tion problems, and d) a muddy relates the story of lives connected by love and_separated by the soprano performance However, emigration. From the painting of a young Ukrainian woman harvesting the excellent mandolin and piano Best wishes for continued wheat, with the traditional woodcut frame that surrounds the painting, td accompaniments to "Dala-s mene success m Student the layout and sound mixing on the vinyl itself, The BalladZoryana is the moia maty" and "Lyst" respectively, first "conceptually" conceived Ukrainian language disc that has been and the sudden final major chord in in produced North America. Somebody is beginning to see the first "Epilogue" result in a climactic glimmerings of light finally! finish suitable to the text. WILLIAM T. PIDRUCHNEY producer and conceptual is The designer of this record r Bohdan Read the story before listening of Tymyc. and The Ballad Zoryana is the first in a series of concept to this record to get the most out of albums that he is planning to release. Bohdan, a native of Montreal, has the complete production interested in 1330 ROYAL TRUST TOWER always been Ukrainian culture, particularly in music and Otherwise, its lack of continuity will theatre. As Montreal's foremost promoter of Ukrainian talent, he has likely prevent you from absorbing EDMONTON CENTRE already successfully produced a number of albums by Ukrainian- the complete message which the EDMONTON T5J 2Z2 folkrock Canadian bands such as Syny Stepiw and Zoria. record tries to communicate. TEL. 426-6290

Cano - Eclipse - A & M Records - SP9033 - $6.98

The other morning, while I was listening to "Morning Side" on CBC radio, a piece of music by Cano, a French Canadian group from Sudbury, caught my attention. A song called "Earthly Mother" stayed with me and began to haunt me to the point that I went out and picked up

the album. I put the disc on the turntable and began to inspect the inside sleeve — my eye was immediately caught by the vyshyvani rushnyk on a piano. . The second began to play, cut "Earthly Mother": that I knew as a Ukrainian song "Ridna Maty Moia." The title on the inside jacket listed the cut, in Cyrillic Script, as "Rushnychok". "Rushnychok" was adapted to a rock format by Vasyl Kohut. Now someone has seen the light! Cano is a group of French Canadians that musically seem to function in the best tradition of multiculturalism. The group itself was formed in 1975 at an art co-op farm in Ontario, La Cooperative des Artistes du Nouvel Ontario {Artists Coop, of Northern : Ontario), Their . latest album, Eclipse, released at the end of October. 1978, is an album of high quality rock music of French, English and Ukrainian origin, effectively portraying the multicultural nature of Canada. Already a cult group, Cano is a musical ensemble to watch for— for much more impressive music yet to come. Let's hope some of the main- line musical community does more watch! than YEVSHAN RECORDS: P.O. Box 125, Station St. Michel, .Montreal, Que. 2 3L9

STUDENT, December, 1978: Page 9 " ,

SUSK Eastern Conference Students in East pow-wow in Toronto SUSK Sonia Hawrysh WESTERN About thirty Ukrainian- UCC is in theory and what it is in treal. Canadian students met recently in reality today. Before a general The final day of sessions began Toronto to discuss "Ukrainian discussion began, Oleksander Sunday afternoon with a presenta- CONFERENCE Organizational Life" at the SUSK Romanshukevych spoke briefly on tion by Roman Serbyn onthe"Parti Eastern Conference {Nov. 17-19). "Problems and Prospects" of the Quebequois and the question of Unfortunately one characteristic of UCC. touching on the problems of ethnic minorities in Quebec". Ukrainian organizational life, integration and assimulation of Whether or not limitations on the although evident at the Conference, Ukrainians into Canadian society. right of Quebec to self- February 17-19, 1979 was not discussed — a somewhat Discussions on the problems of the determination will limit the rights of atypical 'biological clock' which UCC were given added ethnic minorities in other parts of results in sessions ending punctual- tangibleness by the presence of a Canada set the background for Hosted by the Alpha Omega Ukrainian Students' Club ly but starting late. few Toronto UCC members. Bohdan Somchynsky a presenta- at the University of British Columbia A scheduled meeting of Yuri Dashko, a former SUSK tion on "Operation Freedom". As Eastern Ukrainian Student Club president, opened the second SUSK passed a resolution in August presidents was held Friday evening Saturday session on the "Ukrainian at the 19th SUSK Congress suppor- Theme: Where are we going? at the Toronto Club office on Press in the Face of a Changing ting "Operation Freedom"* Environment" with a brief history of 191 Lippincott St. with local clubs Somchynsky, SUSK Vice-president reporting on their activities. the Ukrainian emigre press. Victor in charge of human rights, urged Program includes speakers, seminars, party-korchma were lour Malarek, a freelance journalist and local Ukrainian student clubs Represented members of to disco and skiing at Grouse Mountain. the SUSK National executive, the member of the Toronto Globe and discuss the issues of democratic universities of Brock. Queens. Ot- Mail editorial staff, provided a and civil rights in Canada. A film on tawa, McMaster, Concordia, Sir constructive analysis of the various the FLO, "The October Crisis" was For further information, contact George William and Loyola, Toron- english-language Ukrainian shown to illustrate life in Quebec publications appearing. Sharon Malchuk to and one Western club, Edmon- currently under the War Measures Act in ton Discussions on individual club His negative comments about 1970. Box 723 newspapers Ukrainian problems followed. The question ot such as The concluding session focus- Walter Gage Residence membership dues led to a discus- Echo {Homin Ukrainy), New ed on "Contemporary Ukraine" University ol British Columbia sion on the relevance of the national Perspectives ( Novyi Shliakh) and Marko Bojcun, another former executive to local clubs. SUSK Ukrainian Weekly (Svoboda), un- SUSK president, discussed the Vancouver, B.C. national president Dmytro Jacuta earthed editorial problems in main- Association of Free Trade Union V6T 1K2 clarified the issue by pointing out taining the life of a publication. Workers in the USSR and the (604) 224-4702 the value of SUSK as a national Favourable comments were various Helsinki Monitoring Groups body, giving examples of its coor- directed to "Canada's Newspaper which arose after the 1975 Helsinki dinating and representative role, for Ukrainian Students". STU- conference with the aim of monitor- plus its publication of STUDENT DENT, the basis of its objective, ing the implementation of its human This lively discussion ensued until informative stance and solid layout. rights provisions. people dispersed, predictably, lo a Malarek used STUDENT to The participation of many demonstrate local disco. how other newspapers Ukrainian Student Club members in Saturday morning, in the Ukrainian press serve as mere the Canadian Institute On sessions Eastern Conference indicates began with a discussion on non-informative social-statistical that there is some interest in com- "Organized Ukrainians in the calendars of Ukrainian events. munity issues among young of Diaspora: Impact and Potential". Malarek viewed youth involvement Ukrainian Canadians in Eastern Community veteran Oles Cheren as essential in elevating the quality Canada. Hopefully the information spoke on the current situation in of Ukrainian emigre publications. presented Ukrainian the at the conference will Studies World Congress of Free Ukrainians. Saturday evening the Toronto increase the Eastern club members' Ukrainian Students' Club This was followed by a history of the hosted a awareness and will stimulate further Scholarships Ukrainian Canadian Committee Zabava at the Ukrainian Youth activity within Ukrainian Centre on Christie Street, featuring (UCC) presented by Stanley organizational life. If not. lookout singer UNDERGRADUATE SCHOLARSHIPS Frolick. Frolick's presentation Lubomyra Kovalchuk and because the West is watching! revealed the dichotomy of what the her orchestra "Yaseny" from Mon- The Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies mvitesapplicationsfor ten ribmg Ope ran on 'Freedom undergraduate scholarships (Si ,500 each), renewable, to be d SUSK's position on i|. see awarded in 1979-80. The awards are intended lor students interested in No p 5 an Student undergraduate degree with a major in Ukrainian studies, consisting of a combination of at least five full courses in a three-year Arts program in Ukrainian, East European, Soviet and/or Canadian studies (depen- ding on whether Ukrainians or Ukrainians in Canada is the main concern) and at least full Press Fund eight courses in a four-year Arts or Education Sociology program. (contributions this month) The awards are intended to cover tuition fees and to subsidize the cost of room and board $250: University of Toronto USC (continued from beginning in the first year. Scholarships of S500 to students residing at home will increase the number M. Hurko, of scholarships 100: University of Alberta USC 5) available. The scholarships 25: Dr. J R. Dumka, P. Petrasuk, I. Rohowsky are for an eight-month period of study differentiation and stratification of at any Canadian university. Candidates must be Canadian citizens 20: P. Shostak, International Dry Cleaners (Edmonton) the Ukrainian community. or landed immigrants at the time of application. Only in exceptional 12: Z. Zwarych, R. Sawka One of the factors which cir- cumstances may an award be held concurrently with other Petryshyn saw as significant in this awards Closing date for 11:0. Kuyploska receipt of applications is January 31, 1979 For move from the urban core to the application forms, write to the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian 10: Home Meat Market Ltd. (Edmonton) suburbs was the destruction of row Studies 352 Athabasca Hall, the University of Alberta, Edmonton, 6: S. Dmytriw, B. Klid housing by the Manchester City Alberta Canada T6G 2E8 or phone (403) 432-2972 authorities, which affected not only 2: I. Harakh, A. Nahachevsky, Y. Smyk the occupants of hostels but also 1: B. Mykytiuk, W. Melnyk, W.D. Kobyliuk, S. landlords who were forced to seek MASTER'S AND DOCTORAL FELLOWSHIPS Chereshnevsky other locales. A major factor which The Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies prevented many Ukrainian im- invites applications for Send all contributions to' five Master's thesis fellowships (53,500 each), migrants .from abandoning the non-renewable and three Student Ooctoral thesis fellowships (S5.000 each), renewable, urban core was the dispropor- to be awarded in 1 979-80. The awards are intended to aid students 11246-91 Street tionate male: female ratio in the to complete theses on Ukrainian and Ukrainian-Canadian topics in the Edmonton, Alberta Ukrainian community. The high disciplines of educa- tion, history, the humanities, law. library sciences, ratio of men to women (Petryshyn and the social Canada, T5B 4A2 sciences. Fellowships will be awarded only cites a figure for 1951 of 5:1) led in the thesis year of an academic program and only for thesis work. many to remain in the urban core for The fellowships may be held at any institution social reasons. But over two-thirds of higher learning in Canada or elsewhere. Candidates must be of the Ukrainians living in the urban Canadian citizens or landed immigrants at the time of application. core eventually moved to the sub- Only in exceptional cir- cumstances may an award be held urbs, a move which was accom- concurrently with other awards : Closing date for receipt of applications panied by increased living stan- is January 31 1979 For application forms, write to the Canadian Institute dards for the community as a whole. of Ukrainian Studies 352 Athabasca Hall, the University The seminar was well attended of Alberta, Edmonton Alberta' Canada T6G 2E8 or phone (403) 432-2972 and followed by a lively discussion.

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10: STUDENT, December, 1978 Svitlychna Petryshyn. (continued from cover) (continued from page 5) hersell in a welcoming yet foreign environment One does not wish to belabour alone external appearance, with embroidered focus prejudice upon those choos- with her young sons awaiting collars and the point here, but the notion of the Soviet government's ending with a ing this sort of voluntary decision general position, general conduct bilingual incarcera- whether or not to allow her in and cooperative Ukrainian husband Pavlo varying situations". Ms. tion. No matter how gilded the cage, Stokotylny to Svitlychna further indicated housing being established emigrate to the U.S. to join in an them Ms that there was solidarity and good relations enclosure it remains. As Svitlychna s hesitancy between all present-day Canadian cities seems to speak may well be a tactic women in Ukrainians the camps, regardless of their nationality living in Canada do we intended lo prevent her uncertain To rather chimerical. Not only do we situation from a direct question inquiring whether her wish to instigate this type of social worsening. ioint declara- lack a consensus on just One may recall that it has what a been the tion, with Nina Strokata and Iryna Stasiv climate? Is risking divisive segrega- experience ot of solidarity Ukrainian culture is. particularly two former Ukrainian political prisoners with victims lion. of political repression in amongst ourselves and and recent Chile and when it comes to dealing with emigres to the West, Leonid Plyushch and donation its between us of their prison wages to these victims and the m (whoever we Hetro Grigorenko. to be pressured by being in Canada, but there is also groups in the represented her attitude towards repression perceive that may be) worth the Ukrainian emigre community in other significant divergence of opinion into making premature countries, Ms Svitlychna maintenance of some poorly statements replied "Of course. We did about the very defin- upon their arrival, and then meaning of the word ed being hounded not, and do not, perceive Ukraine Ukrainian culture in Canada? Is or any as something Ukrainian itself- responses not in line with the ideology And as lor a "con- self-seclusion of these exceptional or superior in the world. We are an answer? One factions. a nation temporary Ukrainian-Canadian ur- the same as any other wonders whether what we seek to on earth, and I know that there ban culture" it From her limited statements in is very hard to protect, the West, and from are those for whom life is worse than for whatever that may be, is art interview with us. That is why imagine any such entity somehow done her by Vitrage, the journal of when worth the sacrifice. Preferring the we learned that a special committee was struck to con- Ukrainian Students of Britain flowering out of the efforts of a (No. 5 Fall. 1978 London) investigate straint, even if it is voluntaristic, the crimes being committed in may it appears that Chile we collective. Ms. Svitlychna is, do more nonetheless' wanted to help this committee, and wanted harm to Ukrainians in opinionated and familiar to help the Finally there is the problem of with developments in Chileans, Canada than the who, be it more or less, or equal assimilationist Soviet Union. to ourselves, ghettoization. Are Ukrainians of the suffer pressures have accomplished in injustices and oppression. That is In the Vitrage interview, why we would late twentieth century voluntarily to Ms. Svitlychna considers share with years. Opting out is rarely anyone, who needed such help, regardless return a Ihe western concepl of an to the enclovic mold which opposition movement ot successful strategy. Perhaps it IruHh their views, nationality, race or faith." is oporo) in the Mr. Petryshyn suggests many of Soviet Union somewhat artificial time that we Ukrainians and not It is hoped that the Ukrainian in Canada reflective of the current community in the their forefathers were forced into, situation in the U.S.S.R. since West will faced Anglo-conformity as in- extend its hospitality to Nadia Svitlychna and which to her knowledge, other than many have only recently dividual various groups such as beyond a welcome, citizens of Canada first. and will do all in its power to assist left atter years of the Helsinki Monitoring Groups, pulling themselves Ukrainians no such organized her and her sons in be'.ng second This reviewer meditated movement reunited with her husband out? Banding together may well exists. Rather, Ms. Svitlychna and their fathei, prefers to think that mosi and in establishing a and life sees this movement as home in reinforce some sort of Ukrainian a "process of rebirth", iprotsesy the West. Ukrainians left the ghettos ot siidrodzhenniaj where presence in Canada — at last we will a "spontaneous process ol Initiative Canada's cities long ago and thai to this effect has already been taken by have a territory of our opposition" (slykhimyj prolses own (however very few oporu) to all sorts of the resolution of the recent World would wtsn ;ogo back now. oppression Congress of Free small)! But it may quite as readily manifests itself primarily in the realm ol Ukrainians (WCFU) to recognize Ms. Svitlychna culture and art. and where political expression is Leonid Plyushch and secondary. Petro Grigorenko as official representatives in the West of the Ukrainian opposition Ms. Svitlychna's most succinct ideas come in the movement and to assist in their welfare by setting —Multiculturalism— a description of up the attitude and patriotism ot her fellow $30,000 trust fund in their names. This, and 'intellectual' (continued from women oppositionist political page 3) prisoners. In the face of as well as 'emotional compassion' by the Ukrainian physical and appears to be incapable of being mental abuse suffered in the prison community will hopefully lead politically divide Canadians along to normalization ol the clearly camps, and their total defined, in p-acttcal terms, ethnocultural isolation from the rest of the lives of these emigre oppositionists, lines, especially when and assist them in to the satisfaction world, Ukrainian women prisoners of all groups) all of the groups strove to maintain their continued slruggle for democracy. are competing with their "individual should warn all concerned thai and national dignity, ..beginning from each other for the few crumbs ot conferences such as this one are financial aid which federal and ineffectual resolving m those fun- provincial governments have used damental issues which Bargain buy continue to since 1970 to curry their support Ukrainian (continued from page 3) (Edmonton) Credit Union Ltd. This "non-status" of the CCCM can neither speak nor is pleased demand federal interpretation of mul- to introduce is illustrated clearly in one of the authoritatively. As a result, many of another valuable service recent ticulturalism. the weak direct input most glossy multiculturalism its well-considered recommen- into policy orientations by Canada's brochures which states that "ethno- dations are ignored. Nor is this ethnic minorities, and the extraor- cultural communities must be able situation likely to change soon. The dinary and incredible to claims made influence the decision-making government will not make a depart- about the effect of multiculturalism process by means of a continuing ment responsible to a citizen's body state policy as , one can only wonder consultative procedure.'' while ad- R.H.O.S.P. and the often-discussed possibility whether it is not we who are doing ding that CCCM members "are of forming an independent umbrella the buying'' And whether really chosen to speak as [concerned! we organization representing all Cana- know what this product is and how individuals ... and are not (Registered dian ethnic minorities is not Home Ownership Savings Plan) yet much it will cost us? spokesmen for their respective feasible- Deadline for applications cultural communities." The Council for deducting Given the ambiguities in the the deposit from your income tax is World Congress December 31 Trusteed by: Cooperative Trust Company of Canada (continued from cover) Not surprisingly, there followed and not just one. proves thai a defensive uproar over democratic conclusions could be we are not a monolith bui in Grigorenko's incisive remarks- drawn, if the majority of parties For fact democratically struc- Complete Details Contact Several leading Banderivtsi themselves are not democratic.'' tured. demanded clarification by the Overall, Grigorenko's message Finally, in ot Ukrainian (Edmonton) General over what they, interesting- one the more in- to the super-nationalists is an Credit Union Ltd. teresting important ly enough, interpreted to be direct outbursts, L. Futala one. The struggle for - categorically 9710 108 A Avenue attacks on them Because stated. Ukrainian independence must first- Grigorenko's remarks were for ly be defined and thus operate the that if the struggle for Ukrai- EDMONTON, ALBERTA T5H 1C4 most part, unexpected, within a democratic context. the nian independence is Banderivtsi. taken Human rights are indivisible and Telephone by surprise, perceived lo be a fascist one. 424-1054 responded emotionally and spon- cannot be qualified by Ukrainian then I am that very Ukrainian emigre political taneously. The first comment by V fascist. groupings for their Solonynka. brought the General's own narrow ends, prionzing attention to the fact that. In rebuttai to the defensive national or religious rights over and above social The WCFU is comprised ot remarks made by the Banderivtsi, questions and vice- Ukrainian community the General explained that after versa. In terms of organization. There is no being in the West now tor nearly a drawing a balance sheet, the events of the third World stipulation in the constitution year, he can confirm one thing It takes more than Congress of Free Ukrainians, of the WCFU that they be about the leadership of Ukrainian in Ihe most part, democratic or undemocratic emigre political groupings — that is suggest much of the "that all of you do not have a correct same for the near future and will V Bezkhlibnyk attempted to ex- image of the Soviet Union". successfully continue lo promote theory to start plain, that, Specifically, in reply to Bezkhlib- the political posture of the Ukrai- because there exist a number nyk. Grigorenko explained, "that nian question as a vibrant odour in of political parties exerting the armpit of world anti- a practice. the existence of many parties is not their influence on the WCFU. a sufficient condition from which communism and fascism YOU CAN BENEFIT FROM OUR FULL RANGE OF FINANCIAL SERVICES.

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