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Read Before Llie Paleontological Society January 2, 1918 Downloaded from gsabulletin.gsapubs.org on July 30, 2015 BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA V O L . 29, PP. 281-296 JUN E 30, 191S PROCEEDINGS OF THE PALEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY MEGANOS GROUP, A NEWLY RECOGNIZED DIVISION IN THE EOCENE OP CALIFORNIA * (Read before llie Paleontological Society January 2, 1918) BY BRUCE L. CLARK CONTENTS Page Introductory statement.............................................................................................. 281 Previous literature concerning the Eocene of the Mount Diablo quadrangle 282 Meganos group north of Mount Diablo................................................................ 283 Stratigraphy and lithology.............................................................................. 283 The area under consideration................................................................ 283 Summary of lithology of section..............*........................................... 285 Evidence for unconformity between Meganos and TeJon.................. 288 Faunal list............................................................................................................ 289 Comparison of Meganos and TeJon faunas................................................ 28.9 Meganos group to south and west of Mount Diablo........................................ 290 General statement.............................................................................................. 290 Stratigraphy and lithology.............................................................................. 291 Fauna.....................................................................................................................' 292 Other occurrences of Meganos................................................................................ 292 General reference................................................................................................ 292 Coalinga district................................................................................................. 292 Eocene of Calabasis quadrangle, Ventura County.. :................................ 294 Summary of conclusions.......................................................................................... 295 I ntroductory S t a t e m e n t During the summer of 1917, while studying the Tertiary formations on the north side of Mount Diablo, in the Mount Diablo quadrangle, the writer noticed a marked difference in strike between certain of the beds which up to this time had been considered a part of the Tejon (Upper Eocene). This discordance, a difference of nearly 50 degrees, meant one of two things: either it was due to faulting or to an unconformity. Later * Manuscript received by the Secretary of the Geological Society March 5, 1918. XXII—Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., Vol. 29, 1917 (281) Downloaded from gsabulletin.gsapubs.org on July 30, 2015 282 B. L. CLARK----THE MEGANOS GROUP detailed work has shown conclusively that here we have an unconformity, which was the result of crustal movements of considerable magnitude. Briefly stated, it is the writer’s conclusion, after studying the uncon­ formity mentioned above, together with fairly large collections of fossil invertebrates from both above and below the line of contact, that we have here the evidence of a structural break of more than local importance; that the fauna found above the unconformity in beds associated with the coal strata is typically Tejon in aspect, while the fauna found below is very different from that of the Tejon and comes from beds which ap­ parently belong to a distinct epoch of deposition, which has not previously been recognized as such. Thus, formerly only two divisions of the Eocene have been recognized in the region of Mount Diablo, the Martinez (Lower Eocene) and the Tejon (Upper Eocene). The new division, described in this paper, is a part of a series of beds which in this vicinity had previ­ ously been considered as being of Tejon age. I t is the writer’s belief that beds belonging to this epoch of deposition are fairly widespread through­ out the State. In some localities in California they have been referred to the Tejon, in others to the Martinez. The beds of the newly recognized epoch of deposition are designated in this paper as the Meganos Group. P revio us L iter a tu r e c o n c e r n in g t h e E ocene of t h e M o u n t D ia blo Quad r an g le It is surprising how little detailed work has been done on the Eocene of the Mount Diablo quadrangle. Only a brief statement concerning this portion of the section in this area was given in the early report of the Geological Survey1 of California. The invertebrate fauna obtained from beds above the coal, which is found in the vicinity of the old mining towns of Nortonville, Sommerville, and Stewartville, was referred to the Tejon formation. This division was regarded at that time as a part of the Upper Cretaceous (Cretaceous B ). A few species were also found in strata below the coal and were referred by Gabb, the paleontologist of the survey, to a horizon intermediate between his Cretaceous A and B—that is, the Martinez. Gabb2 described a number of invertebrate species from the beds immediately above the coal strata of this section. Turner,8 in a paper entitled the “Geology of Mount Diablo, California,” mentioned only very briefly the Eocene section of this area. He included all of the Eocene in the Tejon. Even up to this time(1891) the Eocene 1G. D. Whitney : Report of progress and synopsis of the field-work from 1860-1864. Geol. Surv. of California, vol. 1, 1865, pp. 23-32. 2 W. M. Gahh: Paleontology of California, vols. 1 and 2, 1864-1869. 3 T. W. Turner: Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., vol. 2, 1891, p. 395. Downloaded from gsabulletin.gsapubs.org on July 30, 2015 PREVIOUS LITERATURE OF MOUNT DIABLO EOCENE ‘283 age of these deposits was still questioned by many geologists, and Whit­ ney’s original statement that here was a continuous and conformable series, extending from the center of the mountain mass out to the valley and including beds from Lower Cretaceous to uppermost Tertiary, re­ mained unchallenged. T. W. Stanton,4 in 1896, made a special study of the Eocene beds of California in order to determine if possible their stratigraphic and faunal relationships to the Upper Cretaceous deposits of this general region. His work showed conclusively that there was a decided faunal break between these two horizons. Stanton at this time studied the Eocene sec­ tion on the north side of Mount Diablo, and in his paper are given several lists of fossil invertebrates. With regard to the position of this fauna he states:5 “The fauna represented by these lists is clearly the original Tejon fauna, that occurs in the neighborhood of Fort Tejon, New Idria, and elsewhere along the Coast Ranges of Washington. Its Eocene char­ acter has been recognized by Conrad, Marcou, Heilprin, White, and others.” R. E. Dickerson6 has described in considerable detail the stratigraphy and fauna of the Martinez Group of this section. He described the un­ conformity between the Martinez and the Chico (Upper Cretaceous) and also an unconformity at the top of the Martinez, which he believed to be the contact between the Martinez and the Tejon. I t will be shown in this paper that this latter unconformity is not between the Martinez and the Tejon, as he believed, but between the Martinez and a series of beds, here referred to as the Meganos Group, which are intermediate between the Martinez and Tejon, and separated also from the Tejon by an uncon­ formity. M eganos Gbo up N o r th of M o u n t D iablo STRATIGRAPHY AND LITHOLOGY The area under consideration.— The principal area under discussion is a strip extending from about one mile to the west of the old coal-mining town of Nortonville, east and a little to the south of the eastern edge of the Mount Diablo quadrangle. The outcrops, including the Martinez, Meganos, and Tejon groups, dip to the north, the angle of dip varying 4 T. W. Stanton: Faunal relation ot the Eocene and Upper Cretaceous on the Pacific coast. Seventeenth Ann. Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv., pt. 1, 1896, pp. 1011-1059. s Op. cit., p. 1021. 8 R. E. Dickerson : The stratigraphic and faunal relations of the Martinez formation to the Chico and Tejon, north of Mount Diablo. Univ. of California Publ. Bull. Dept. Geol., vol. 6. no. 8, 1911, pp. 171-177 ; Fauna of the Martinez Eocene of California. Upiv. of California Publ. Bull. Dept. Ool., vol. 8, no. 6. 1914, pp. 61-180. Downloaded from gsabulletin.gsapubs.org on July 30, 2015 I>:) 00 ~ ~ !:"' () t-< ;> ~ p:: I >-3 II: t;j :s: t:Z:J Tmk Markley trJ 0 > [:SJ T!J Tejon >;;i 0w Tsr Mega nos IT=rJ 0 ~ 1:2:2] Tmr Martinez 0 d '"d c=:JKc Chico ----Thrust "- - _: Base of Dlv. D FIGUUE 1.-Areal Map of the Eocene D eposits to the north of Mount Diablo Downloaded from gsabulletin.gsapubs.org on July 30, 2015 NORTH OS' MOUNT DIABLO 285 from 15 to 40 degrees. The greatest width of these outcrops is about two and a half miles. The beds of the Meganos Group in this area rest unconformably on those of the Martinez Group. This unconformity, as stated above, was first described by E. E. Dickerson. The Lower Tejon, as recognized at that time, is the base of the Meganos, as described in this paper. The Meganos beds in this area have a maximum thickness of approximately F ig u r e 2.— Cross-section showing the Eocene Groups as found on the north side of Mount Diablo Kc = Chico. Tmt = Martinez. Tst = Meganos. Ttj = Tejon. Tmk = Markle> (Oligocene). 3,000 feet. The section may be roughtly divided into five
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