DOCSLIB.ORG

Constructing a Sectoral Marine Plan for Tidal Energy for Nova Scotia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Constructing a Sectoral Marine Plan for Tidal Energy for Nova Scotia From Scotland to New Scotland: Constructing a Sectoral Marine Plan for Tidal Energy for Nova Scotia by Stephen Joseph Sangiuliano ______________________________________ supervised by Dr. Mark S. Winfield ______________________________________ A Major Paper submitted to the Faculty of Environmental Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Environmental Studies York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada May 17, 2017 A B S T R A C T The marine environment has historically played a significant role in sustaining coastal economies, with 44% of the global population living within 150km of the coast. Projections of exponential population growth and an increase in living standards in the near future suggest that economic activity linked to the marine environment will grow, thereby giving rise to an increase in marine spatial usage in finite marine space. This materialization can exacerbate user – user conflicts, while placing further stress on the ecological functions of the marine environment, thereby contributing to enhance user – environment conflict. In order to solve such dilemmas, coastal nations have advocated for the implementation of marine spatial planning (MSP). A narrative running in parallel with MSP is that of climate change as a product of the excessive combustion of fossil fuels for purposes of energy provision. This climate change dilemma has prompted politicians around the world to advocate for the implementation of renewable energy systems. For geographical areas with high tidal current velocities, tidal current turbines (TCTs) offer a way to meet renewable energy capacity and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions targets. However, TCTs become another player operating within a finite and already stressed marine environment. Therefore, Scotland, whose marine environment hosts an abundance of tidal current resources, has become the first and only nation to construct and implement a sectoral marine plan for tidal energy (SMPTE) in order to facilitate the commercial-scale development of TCTs to meet national renewable energy deployment and GHG emissions reductions targets while accounting for potential industry and environmental conflicts. Nova Scotia is another geographical area with similar tidal resource potential. However, a plethora of factors have seemed to inhibit the deployment of TCTs in provincial waters. While Nova Scotia demonstrates a substantial industry cluster, capacity building, and supply chain, the province lacks a comprehensive MSP to manage uses of the marine environment in conjunction with TCT deployment. This paper constructs a draft SMPTE for Nova Scotia. The paper overviews the operation and timeline of tidal energy development internationally and compares it to the Nova Scotia context. Due to the complexities associated with the multiplicity of federal and provincial governmental departments delegated with legislative jurisdiction over various aspects of the marine environment, an analysis of legislation and policies is undertaken in conjunction with best practices in Europe in order to establish jurisdictional boundaries and authorities in relation to the proposed SMPTE. The SMPTE process and outputs are then detailed and a map of suitable plan option areas that take into consideration ecological, technological, social, cultural, political, and economic factors is presented and compared to the marine renewable-energy areas legislated under the Marine Renewable-energy Act 2015. A quality management review of the SMPTE is undertaken in relation to the ICES Marine Spatial Planning Quality Management System and compared against the quality management review undertaken for Scotland’s SMPTE. Research and data gaps are identified and key recommendations are made for the province of Nova Scotia and its tidal energy industry. ii F O R E W O R D The content of this major paper is the culmination of the work I have undertaken during my enrollment in York University’s Master in Environmental Studies (MES) degree in the Faculty of Environmental Studies. My Plan of Study (PoS) concentration is renewable energy planning for sustainable settlements. The components of my PoS are energy planning, climate change, and renewable energy. The objective of my major paper was to construct a sectoral marine plan for tidal energy (SMPTE) for the province of Nova Scotia. In fulfillment of the renewable energy component of my PoS, I have researched the operational parameters, ecological impacts, societal perceptions, and economics of tidal current turbines (TCTs), a renewable energy technology (RET) which utilizes the kinetic energy emanating from the lateral movement of the tides to produce electricity. TCTs are advantageous in comparison to other RETs given their predictability, reliability, high capacity factors, and ability to easily accommodate energy storage to provide base-load power. In fulfillment of the climate change component of my PoS, I researched the detrimental ecological implications on societies emanating from the excessive combustion of fossil fuels for purposes of energy provision. Finally, in fulfillment of the energy planning component of my PoS, I have completed the Planning checklist in the MES degrees planning stream in order to obtain an in depth comprehension of the technical and theoretical aspects of planning. In relation to my major paper, I had focused on marine spatial planning (MSP), an area of concentration which serves to identify industry and environmental conflicts within marine environments with the intent of spatially allocating users of the marine environment in a sustainable manner. MSP provides a strategic siting methodology for TCTs which takes into account technological, ecological, political, social, economic, and legal factors. In this MSP field, I had worked for Marine Scotland Science, the epicenter of the TCT industry and associated MSP practices, to undertake and publish a quality management review of their SMPTE. It is with all this knowledge and experience from which I have obtained during my two years in the MES degree which has allowed me to construct a SMPTE for Nova Scotia in fulfillment of my major paper, the MES planning stream checklist, and the overall MES requirements. Upon starting my MES degree at York University, I hadn’t the slightest clue about renewable energy systems and/or what “planning” even meant. In a coordinated effort to educate myself, I downloaded every article available off of the first 10 pages of search results of Google Scholar for every renewable energy type I had read existed on Wikipedia. One day I opened and article entitled Modeling the Operation and Maintenance Costs of a Large Scale Tidal Current Turbine Farm, written by Ye Li and H. Keith Florig, and this was the first time I saw a tidal current turbine (page iv). I thought it was the most majestic site, a piece of technology that can concur the vast and dangerous ocean in an attempt to save the planet. After learning about the technology I was instantly hooked, and immediately dropped all other focuses in my life and told myself that I would go through hell and high water (no pun intended) to put these devices in the ocean. iii A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T S There are many people I would like to thank, but the word count might constitute as a thesis in and of itself, so I apologize in advance if anyone has been excluded, just know that it was so in text only but not it thought. This paper is dedicated to my late aunt, Nina Viera, who passed away on February of 2017 after a long battle with cancer. She was the strongest person I have ever met and never complained once about the suffering imposed upon her by her condition. If you could do that Nina, then a Masters degree is nothing to fret about. I would like to thank my colleague Stan Mastrantonis who completed all of the Geographical Information System (GIS) work in this major paper – whenever there was a technical issue that would have discouraged most, Stan always said he would find a way, and this paper is proof of that. I hope we can continue our professional relationship as our careers proceed. I would like to thank the Canadian Maritime Region Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) in Dartmouth, Nova Scotia who provided a huge quantity of the data used in the analysis and were helpful from the moment I met with them and until the end of the project. I would like to thank Peter Mulvihill, for supporting me in my Independent Directed Study (IDS) and field experience which allowed me to pursue this field; Mark Winfield, for providing me with guidance pertaining to my long-term career goals; and Dr. Liette Gilbert, for just about every single thing you could possibly ask for in an advisor. I would like to extent a special thanks to Lily Piccone, who encouraged me when others had initially told me I wouldn’t fit into the Masters degree; Joseph Cesario, whose continued patience has helped me finance my degree; and Ann Tsirgielis – I came to campus two months before the semester with the intention of looking for a job, Ann had encouraged me to enroll in the MES degree, I imagine I would still be working 12 hour night shifts if it wasn’t for you Ann, thanks from the bottom of my heart. Of course I would like to thank every single member of my family, after standing on Pier 21 where many of my relatives immigrated from Italy with not a penny to their name to a strange land in order to provide me with a better life. I would like to thank my dad for making me strong, my brother for providing me with footsteps to follow towards success, my uncles, aunts, and grandmother for showing me the value of family, and my little cousin for showing me to enjoy is in the simplest of things of life when I am lost in my work.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • (TISEC): Survey and Characterization of Potential Project Sites
    Nova Scotia Tidal In-Stream Energy Conversion (TISEC): Survey and Characterization of Potential Project Sites Project: EPRI North American Tidal Flow Power Feasibility Demonstration Project Phase: 1 – Project Definition Study Report: EPRI - TP- 003 NS Rev 2 Author: George Hagerman Co-authors: Gordon Fader, Greg Carlin, Roger Bedard Date: October 2, 2006 EPRI North America Tidal In Stream Energy Conversion Feasibility Study – Nova Scotia ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The work described in this report was funded by the Nova Scotia Department of Energy and Nova Scotia Power, Inc. In-kind services were provided by Nova Scotia Power, Inc for assessing the feasibility of grid interconnection for both pilot and commercial scale tidal power plants at selected sites in the Province DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITIES This document was prepared by the organizations named below as an account of work sponsored or cosponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute Inc. (EPRI). Neither EPRI, any member of EPRI, any cosponsor, the organization (s) below, nor any person acting on behalf of any of them: (A) Makes any warranty or representation whatsoever, express or implied, (I) with respect to the use of any information, apparatus, method, process or similar item disclosed in this document, including merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, or (II) that such use does not infringe on or interfere with privately owned rights, including any parties’ intellectual property, or (III) that this document is suitable to any particular user’s circumstance; or (B) Assumes responsibility for any damages or other liability whatsoever (including any consequential damages, even if EPRI or any EPRI representative has been advised of the possibility of such damages) resulting for your selection or use of this document or any other information, apparatus, method, process or similar item disclosed in this document.
    [Show full text]
  • R E P O R T S 112 Structure of the Minas Passage, Bay of Fundy: A
    Reports 112 Structure of the Minas Passage, Bay of Fundy: A Preliminary Report* DONALD J. P. SWIFT Duke University, Durham, N. C. FRANK L. JAGODITS Huntec Limited, Toronto, Ont. BERNARD L. MANISTRE Lockwood Survey Corporation Limited, Toronto, Ont. NORMAN R. PATERSON Huntec Limited, Toronto, Ont. Introduction From July, 1965 to March, 1966, a joint geological-geophysical study of the Minas Passage, Bay of Fundy, was undertaken by Huntec Limited of Toronto for the Atlantic Development Board of Canada. The purpose of the project was to test the feasibility of a tidal power station in the Passage. This paper presents a portion of the study, namely the structure of the geologically critical Minas Passage area and its bearing on regional structure. The Bay of Fundy is a funnel-shaped body of water lying between Nova Scotia and New Brunswick (Fig. 1). Fundy proper is 144 kilometers long, 100 kilometers wide at the base, and averages 75 meters in depth. The northeast end bifurcates into northeast-trending Chignecto Bay, and the east-trending Minas Basin. Three distinct bodies of water are included within the latter; the Minas Basin proper; the Minas Channel, separated from the basin by the great curved peninsula of Cape Blomidon-Cape Split; and the Minas Passage, connecting the Channel and the Basin (Fig. 2). ^Manuscript received 12 January, 1968. Reports 113 -V. N - ~M ' , , , - I . , I - I Figure 2 - The Minas Passage with Cape Split in the background. Stratigraphy Three well-defined bedrock sequences occur in the Minas Passage area. The Cobequid Complex is a lower Paleozoic metamorphic and igneous complex comprising the upraised Cobequid Fault Block (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Map (2 of 4) of Natural Resources, Graphic and Mapping Services, 2007
    DESIGNATED SNOW VEHICLE AND CONNECTING SANS TRAILS Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources 65°0' 64°0' 63°0' 46°0' Tidnish Hd 46°0' Lorneville Tidnish 366 Amherst Shore r e iv R Beecham Coldspring Hd k h c s i i Settlement n w d s ia i n t T u o r c Chapman B S a Settlement Northport w v e o N N N O R T H U M B E R West Linden L A N Linden D 6 Upper S T Amherst Shinimicas Heather Beach Lower R A Gulf Shore I T Head Bridge Gulf Shore r ve he R i nc Pugwash Pla La East Harbour Fort Amherst Port Howe Pugwash Fox Harbour Lawrence Truemanville Warren Oak Lake West Fox Harbour Island sin Ba Killarney Pugwash p d i North n Hastings l l rla i e h b Amherst Wallace PICTOU ISLAND P m u r C e v i Wallace Harbour Rossendale R South Amet Sound Brookdale Malagash Pugwash Wallace Bay Wallace r Point Cape John Minudie Mansfield River ive North Shore Megs Cove Riverview wash R East Point Mount ug Pugwash Amherst P Wallace Blue Sea 104 Pleasant 301 Junction Point 204 Corner Tatamogouche Bay Seafoam C Melville A 321 Wallace Ridge South R West Little River Litttl To n e y R i v e r I B Mill Salem e R Malagash O Nappan Fenwick Leicester ive Shore CARIBOU ISLAND U Creek r Kolbec Middleboro C Conns Mills 6 Caribou Gull Point H Barronsfield Lower Richmond To n e y A 368 Barrachois River N Maccan Mills Munroes N E Harbour L Islands 6 Sand Point Marshville River Hedgeville Waterside ur Bayhead Brule arbo Boss Chignecto r Wallace John r ou H ive 307 ive arib r ck R u R C Point Lower ive la Oxford West Grant Hodson ribo R B r Ca Caribou Lower Cove ks Hansford e River Hebert Maccan r Victoria v Fo Hansford i West Poplar Lake e R French Welsford 2 ttl Streets Ridge 242 Li e Ta t a m a go u ch e River Bigney Hill c a l Logans Point l Lower Wentworth Denmark Sundridge M Birchwood R a Little Forks i Central Bay Tatamagouche v a W Mountain c W e Strathcona 204 a r Caribou View c Oxford Mahoneys a Glenville u Road J o Meadowville n Corner .
    [Show full text]
  • Phase 1 - Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia Including the Fundy Tidal Energy Demonstration Project Site Mi’Kmaq Ecological Knowledge Study
    Phase 1 - Bay of Fundy, Nova Scotia including the Fundy Tidal Energy Demonstration Project Site Mi’kmaq Ecological Knowledge Study Membertou Geomatics Consultants August, 2009 M.E.K.S. Project Team Jason Googoo, Project Manager Rosalie Francis, Project Advisor Dave Moore, Author and Research Craig Hodder, Author and GIS Technician Andrea Moore, Research and Database Assistant Katy McEwan, MEKS Interviewer Mary Ellen Googoo, MEKS Interviewer Lawrence Wells Sr., MEKS traditionalist Prepared by: Reviewed by: ___________________ ____________________ Dave Moore, Author Jason Googoo, Manager i Executive Summary This Mi’kmaq Ecological Knowledge Study, also commonly referred to as MEKS or a TEKS, was developed by Membertou Geomatics Consultants for the Nova Scotia Department of Energy and Minas Basin Pulp and Power Co Ltd on behalf of the Fundy Ocean Research Centre for Energy (FORCE). In January 2008, the Province of Nova Scotia announced that Minas Basin Pulp and Power Co Ltd. had been awarded the opportunity to construct a tidal energy testing and research facility in the Minas Basin, known as the Fundy Tidal Energy Demonstration Facility. This Facility will be managed by a non-profit corporation called FORCE. The objectives of this study are twofold; - to undertake a broad MEKS study for the Bay of Fundy Phase I Area as it may relate to future renewable energy projects i.e. wind, tidal and wave, specifically in Phase 1 area of the Bay of Fundy ( as identified in MGC Proposal - Minas Channel and Minas Basin), and - to undertake a more focused MEKS review specific to the Fundy Tidal Energy Demonstration Project area which would consider the land and water area potentially affected by the project, identify what is the Mi’kmaq traditional use activity that has or is currently taking place within the Project Site and Study Area and what Mi’kmaq ecological knowledge presently exists in regards to the Project Site and Study Area.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecosystem Overview Report for the Minas Basin, Nova Scotia
    Ecosystem Overview Report for the Minas Basin, Nova Scotia Prepared for: Oceans and Habitat Branch Maritimes Region Fisheries and Oceans Canada Bedford Institute of Oceanography PO Box 1006 Dartmouth, Nova Scotia B2Y 4A2 Prepared by: M. Parker1, M. Westhead2 and A. Service1 1East Coast Aquatics Inc. Bridgetown, Nova Scotia 2Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceans and Coastal Management Report 2007-05 Oceans and Habitat Report Series The Oceans and Habitat Report Series contains public discussion papers, consultant reports, and other public documents prepared for and by the Oceans and Habitat Branch, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Maritimes Region. Documents in the series reflect the broad interests, policies and programs of Fisheries and Oceans Canada. The primary focus of the series is on topics related to oceans and coastal planning and management, conservation, habitat protection and sustainable development. Documents in the series are numbered chronologically by year of publication. The series commenced with Oceans and Coastal Management Report No. 1998-01. In 2007, the name was changed to the Oceans and Habitat Report Series. Documents are available through the Oceans and Habitat Branch in both electronic and limited paper formats. Reports of broad international, national, regional or scientific interest may be catalogued jointly with other departmental document series, such as the Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Series. Série des Rapports sur l’habitat et les océans La série des Rapports sur l’habitat et les océans regroupe des documents de discussion publics, des rapports d’experts et d’autres documents publics préparés par la Direction des océans et de l’habitat de Pêches et Océans Canada, Région des Maritimes ou pour le compte de cette direction.
    [Show full text]
  • Department of Fisheries
    eJr' DOMINION OF CANADA SIXTEENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES SEVENTY-NINTH ANNUAL FISHERIES REPORT OF THE DOMINION FOR THE YEAR 1945-46 OTTAWA EDMOND CLOUTIER, C.M.G., B.A., L.Ph., PRINTER TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY CONTROLLER OF STATIONERY 1947 • ■ To His Excellency Field Marshal the Right Honourable Viscount Alexander of Tunis, G.C.B., G.C.M.G., C.S.I., D.S.O., LLD., A.D.C., Governor General and Commander-in-Chief of the Dominion of Canada MAY IT PLEASE YOUR EXCELLENCY: I have the honour herewith, for the information of Your Excellency and the Parliament of Canada, to present the Sixteenth Annual Report of the Department of Fisheries, being the Seventy-ninth Annual Fisherie,s Report for the Dominion. have the honour to be, Your Excellency's most obedient servant, H. FRANCIS G. BRIDGES, ilfinister of Fisheries. DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES, Ottawa, October 1, 1946. 76757-1i CONTENTS PAGE DEPUTY MINISTER'S REPORT COVERING- Production and Export Business 7 International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission International Fisheries Commission 1.1 Pribilof Sealsk-in Receipts 13 Fishing Bounty 14 APPENDICES 1. Report of the Chief Supervisor of Fisheries, Western Division 15 2. Report of the Chief Supervisor of Fisheries, Eastern Division 42 3. Report of the Director of Fish Culture 47 4. Report of the Fisheries Engineer 80 5. Report on Oyster Culture 87 6. Report of the Canned Fish Inspection Labratory, Pacific 95 7. Report of the Canned Fish Inspection Labnatory, Atlantic 96 8. Department Financial Statement for the Year 1945-46 100 REPORT OF THE DEPUTY MINISTER To the Hon.
    [Show full text]
  • Province of Nova Scotia Public Accounts
    Province of Nova Scotia Public Accounts Volume 3 – Supplementary Information for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2015 Province of Nova Scotia Public Accounts Volume 3 – Supplementary Information for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2015 The Honourable Randy Delorey Minister of Finance and Treasury Board Public Accounts Volume 3 - Supplement to the Public Accounts for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2015 Contents Departments of - Agriculture ............................................................................................................................................. 5 Communities, Culture and Heritage ....................................................................................................... 15 Community Services .............................................................................................................................. 26 Economic and Rural Development and Tourism ................................................................................... 98 Education and Early Childhood Development ....................................................................................... 114 Energy .................................................................................................................................................... 128 Environment ........................................................................................................................................... 132 Finance and Treasury Board .................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • 14947 NS B&B Guide
    2004 REGISTER www.nsbedandbreakfast.com 1 ’ve been told We we have the best seafood chowder in the Maritimes! LE GABRIEL RESTAURANT Seafood – Acadian Dishes Unsurpassed Acadian hospitality and cuisine. The dining room offers seating for 125 people, and many traditional dishes. Enjoy our fresh local seafood, sizzling steaks, fresh baked bread and sinfully delicious desserts. Watch for our specials on fresh lobster and crab. • Non Smoking • Fully Licensed • Air Conditioning • Bilingual Service Cheticamp, Cabot Trail • Tel: (902) 224-3685 • Fax: (902) 224-1178 Website: www.legabriel.com TREAT YOURSELF TO THE FINEST IN SWISS CUISINE AT RESTAURANT LE CAVEAU. FOR MORE CASUAL DINING, ENJOY A A PLACE MEAL OUTSIDE ON THE PERGOLA OR JUST RELAX WITH A FLAVOUR WITH A GLASS OF OUR AWARD WINNING WINE. COMPLETE YOUR VISIT WITH A STOP BY THE WINE ALL ITS OWN. SHOP AND A STROLL AROUND THE BEAUTIFULLY LANDSCAPED GROUNDS. WINNER OF THE 2002 TIANS TOURISM SERVICES AWARD 3KM EAST OF WOLFVILLE. TEL. 902 542 1753 FAX. 902 542 0060 “…a splendour comparable to the great wineries of the world.” TOLL FREE. 1 866 GPWINES WWW.GRANDPREWINES.NS.CA Studio tours • Gift wrapping • Bridal registry • Lay-away (VS/MC) 9 Pottery Lane, Antigonish, NS B2G 2Y9 Tel: 902-863-6970 Fax: 902-863-8170 [email protected] www.lyncharm.com Glooscap Trail Learn about the Mi’kmaq legend of Glooscap, visit the Anne Murray Centre, tour a coal mine and spend your days in the great outdoors Glooscap Trail enjoying the fossil cliffs. — page 19 Evangeline Trail Experience this scenic trail with its apple orchards, historic sites and local festivals and Evangeline quaint little villages.
    [Show full text]
  • (Kott, 2002) in the Bay of Fundy and on Offshore Banks, Eastern Canada
    Management of Biological Invasions (2015) Volume 6, Issue 4: 385–394 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/mbi.2015.6.4.07 Open Access © 2015 The Author(s). Journal compilation © 2015 REABIC Research Article Distribution of the non-indigenous colonial ascidian Didemnum vexillum (Kott, 2002) in the Bay of Fundy and on offshore banks, eastern Canada 1 1 1 2 3 Bénédikte Vercaemer *, Dawn Sephton , Pierre Clément , Adam Harman , Sarah Stewart-Clark 1 and Claudio DiBacco 1Coastal Ecosystem Science Division, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, 1 Challenger Drive, Dartmouth, NS, B2Y 4A2, Canada 2Dalhousie University, Department of Biology, Life Science Centre, 1355 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS Canada, B3H 4R2, Canada 3Dalhousie University, Department of Plant and Animal Sciences, Aquaculture Genomics Laboratory, 58 River Road, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada E-mail: [email protected] (BV), [email protected] (DS), [email protected] (AH), [email protected] (PC), [email protected] (SS-C), [email protected] (CDB) *Corresponding author Received: 17 December 2015 / Accepted: 29 June 2015 / Published online: 21 July 2015 Handling editor: Katherine Dafforn Abstract The invasive colonial ascidian Didemnum vexillum (Kott, 2002) was initially discovered in the fall of 2013 near Parrsboro, Nova Scotia. A rapid response survey was conducted in April 2014 to confirm the presence of the species and to determine its distribution near the original detection site. Subsequent surveys between May and August 2014 examined the dredge contents collected during sea scallop stock assessment surveys on German Bank, northern Browns Bank, eastern Georges Bank and in the Bay of Fundy region.
    [Show full text]
  • Avalon Uplands 300 Avalon Uplands
    ••••••• • • •••••••• 0 •• 0 •• 0 •••• 0 • • • 0 •• • 0 •• 0 0 ••••• 0 •• 0 •••• • •• ••• •• PAGE 21 Avalon Uplands 300 Avalon Uplands 0 310 0 320 330 Figure 6: Region 300, Avalon Uplands, and its component Districts. Theme Regions: Natural History of Nova Scotia, Volume II PAGE . ................................. 22 • 300 AVALON UPLANDS Region 300 is divided into three Districts on the basis CLIMATE of geology, geomorphology, elevation, and climate: 310 Hardwood Plateau Elevation is the dominant influence on the climate of 320 Dissected Margins this somewhat diverse Region. The climate in differ­ 330 Fault Ridges ent areas is modified by proximity to water masses. The main climatic features are wide daily and sea­ 300 REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS sonal temperature ranges, and high precipitation, es­ Avalon pecially snowfall. Uplands These uplands experience more severe winters, Winters are generally long and cold. Because of greater precipitation, and shorter growing seasons their greater elevation, the Cobequids record the than the surrounding lowlands, but climatic condi­ coldest temperatures within the Region. The uplands tions are not as harsh as in the Cape Breton high­ south and east of the Bras d'Or Lake are slightly lands. The climate of this Region is reflected in the warmer than the rest of the Region because of lower dominant hardwood vegetation characterized by a elevations and the moderating influence of the Bras Sugar Maple, Yellow Birch-Fir association. Six of the d'Or Lake and the Atlantic Ocean. Spring is late, al­ eight plateaus (District 310} which compose theRe­ though somewhat earlier in the Bras d'Or area. Mean gion are sharply defined, with level plateau surfaces temperatures do not rise above ooc until April.
    [Show full text]
  • Nova Scotia Field Guide
    Nova Scotia Field Guide Arthur D. Storke Memorial Expedition August 23 to September 2, 2012 © Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University 2012 Prepared by Jesse Farmer Edited by Alison Hartman, Alexander Lloyd and Jesse Farmer Front Page: Nova Scotia Field Trip Participants at Cape Breton Highlands National Park 2 Table of Contents I. Preface 4 II. Trip Itinerary 5 III. Introduction to Nova Scotia 7 IV. Geologic Overviews 8 Paleozoic History of Nova Scotia......................................................................................8 Mesozoic History of Nova Scotia......................................................................................9 The Hartford Basin............................................................................................................13 The Minas Fault Zone.......................................................................................................16 Joggins Fossil Cliffs...........................................................................................................18 The Arisaig Group.............................................................................................................21 Cape Breton Highlands....................................................................................................22 Cape Breton Salt Province.................................................................................................26 Ocean Patterns Around Nova Scotia...............................................................................34
    [Show full text]
  • This Electronic Thesis Or Dissertation Has Been Downloaded from Explore Bristol Research
    This electronic thesis or dissertation has been downloaded from Explore Bristol Research, http://research-information.bristol.ac.uk Author: Welsted, J. E Title: Morphology and evolution of the Bay of Fundy, with emphasis on changes of sea level during the quaternary General rights The copyright of this thesis rests with the author, unless otherwise identified in the body of the thesis, and no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without proper acknowledgement. It is permitted to use and duplicate this work only for personal and non- commercial research, study or criticism/review. You must obtain prior written consent from the author for any other use. It is not permitted to supply the whole or part of this thesis to any other person or to post the same on any website or other online location without the prior written consent of the author. Take down policy Some pages of this thesis may have been removed for copyright restrictions prior to it having been deposited in Explore Bristol Research. However, if you have discovered material within the thesis that you believe is unlawful e.g. breaches copyright, (either yours or that of a third party) or any other law, including but not limited to those relating to patent, trademark, confidentiality, data protection, obscenity, defamation, libel, then please contact: [email protected] and include the following information in your message: • Your contact details • Bibliographic details for the item, including a URL • An outline of the nature of the complaint On receipt of your message the Open Access team will immediately investigate your claim, make an initial judgement of the validity of the claim, and withdraw the item in question from public view.
    [Show full text]