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Socio-Economic Benefits of Meteorological and Hydrological Vol. 56 (1) - January 2007 BulletinFeature articles | Interviews | News | Book reviews | Calendar www.wmo.int Socio-economic benefi ts of meteorological and hydrological services Impact of climate change on sugar-cane production in Fiji 34 Climatological services and renewable energy 40 Climate and our cultural heritage 46 Weather forecasting in West Africa over the last 25 years 50 Evaluating Social and economic benefi ts of 8 Polar meteorology: agro meteorological meteorological and hydrological 15 understanding risk 30 services 23global impacts 5 The challenge today is to create and sustain effective partnerships between users and providers of weather, climate and water services and to fi nd new ways of delivering information that meet the growing expectations of users of those services. Bulletin The journal of the World Meteorological Contents Organization Volume 56 (1) - January 2007 In this issue . 2 Secretary-General M. Jarraud Message from the Secretary-General on the occasion of World Deputy Secretary-General Hong Yan Meteorological Day 2007 . 5 Assistant Secretary-General J. Lengoasa Sustainable living—reducing risks and increasing opportunities . The WMO Bulletin is published quarterly by M. Jarraud . 9 (January, April, July, October) in English, French, Interview with Hon. Maria Mutagamba . 10 Russian and Spanish editions. Deriving societal and economic benefi ts from meteorological and Editor Hong Yan hydrological services . 15 Associate Editor Judith C.C. Torres Social and economic benefi ts of meteorological and hydrological Editorial board services—a regional overview . 23 Hong Yan (Chair) J. Torres (Secretary) Meteorological information for evaluating agrometeorological risk L. Barrie (atmospheric research and and uncertainty for agricultural marketing systems environment) by R.P. Motha and K.L. Menzie . 30 R. de Guzman (strategic planning) I. Draghici (education and training) Impact of climate change on sugar-cane production in Fiji, M. Golnaraghi (natural disasters) by J. Gawander . 34 J. Hayes (basic systems) A. Henderson-Sellers (climate research) The socio-economic benefi ts of climatological–services to the D. Hinsman (satellites) renewable energy sector, by S. Robles Gil . 40 G. Kortchev (applications) E. Manaenkova (policy, external relations) Climate data and services: preserving our cultural heritage . 46 B. Nyenzi (climate) P. Taalas (capacity building and Weather forecasting in West Africa over the last 25 years, development, regional affairs) by Ernest A. Afi esimama . 50 A. Tyagi (water) Fifty years ago . 52 Subscription rates Recently published . 55 Surface mail Air mail 1 year CHF 60 CHF 85 News from the WMO Secretariat . 57 2 years CHF 110 CHF 150 3 years CHF 145 CHF 195 Calendar . 62 The World Meteorological Organization . 63 E-mail: [email protected] Members of the World Meteorological Organization . 64 Opinions expressed in signed articles or in News of WMO activities and recent events may be found in WMO’s newsletter advertisements appearing in the WMO Bulletin MeteoWorld (http://www.wmo.int/meteoworld), in the NEWS section on the WMO are the author’s or advertiser’s opinions and homepage (http://www.wmo.int/news/news.html) and on the Web pages of WMO do not necessarily refl ect those of WMO. The programmes via the WMO homepage (http://www.wmo.int). mention of specifi c companies or products in articles or advertisements does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by WMO in preference to others of a similar nature which WMO Bulletin are not mentioned or advertised. Extracts from Communication and Public Affairs unsigned (or initialled) articles in the journal World Meteorological Organization (WMO) may be reproduced provided the customary 7bis, avenue de la Paix Tel.: + 41 22 730 84 78 acknowledgement is made. Requests to publish signed articles (in part or in whole) should be Case postale No. 2300 Fax: + 41 22 730 80 24 addressed to the Editor. CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] InTitle this issue If there were any doubt about climate service. Thus it is critical that users Owing to its high climatic variability, change, a visit to the Earth’s Poles have the tools and knowledge needed Africa faces serious water-security would dispel it. The impact of the to realize fully the benefi ts of forecasts challenges in the form of extreme Poles is not limited to high latitudes but and assessments. It is generally easy floods and droughts. Maria also affects the global climate system to understand the impact of extreme Mutagamba is Minister of State for with far- reaching implications for the weather on society, but it is much Water in Uganda and President of the entire land-ocean-atmosphere system more diffi cult to assess the impact African Ministers’ Council on Water. and human society. Understanding of forecasts on the decision-making In her interview for the WMO Bulletin, these global impacts is key to our process. In a collaborative article she underlines the need to sensitize ability to provide the tools to help “Deriving societal and economic politicians and decision-makers on society adapt. This is the theme of benefits from meteorological and the importance of meteorological World Meteorological Day 2007, which hydrological services”, the co-authors and hydrological data and products— will highlight the International Polar identify some of challenges and and the need to do so in a language Year (IPY) 2007-2008 and this issue limitations in the uptake of weather, they will understand. Ms Mutagamba carries a message from the Secretary- climate and water information and welcomes Madrid07 as an opportunity General on the occasion. recommend that, in the short-term, for dialogue between weather, climate much more attention be given to and water information and service This issue of the Bulletin highlights improving decision-making and providers and users. the societal and economic benefi ts decision-support tools. of weather, climate and water Food security is critical for all societies, information, which will be the focus of Madrid07 is another step towards this but developing and least developed the WMO International Conference – goal by bringing experts from a variety countries are particularly vulnerable Secure and Sustainable Living: Social of societal and economic sectors because of their high dependence on and Economic Benefi ts of Weather, together with providers of weather, agricultural production. Motha and Climate and Water Services to be climate and water services to explore Menzie highlight the importance of held in Madrid, Spain, 19-22 March ways to increase the benefi ts of these meteorological information for the 2007 (Madrid07). The Secretary- services. Conference sessions will evaluation of agrometeorological risk General introduces the overall theme be arranged to maximize participant and uncertainty for agricultural mar- of this issue and that of the Madrid dialogue and interaction. ket systems and the role of the World conference within today’s socio- Agricultural Outlook Board (WAOB) in economic and political context. Madrid07 builds on the recent WMO minimizing this risk. The WAOB uses Conference on Living with Climate weather, climate and remotely sensed The intrinsic value of weather, climate Variability and Change, which took information to analyse the impact of and water services is derived from the place in Espoo, Finland, in July 2006 global weather on crop production, use of this information in decision- and on ongoing regional societal determining the vulnerability of crops making, which improves societal and and economic benefit workshops, and markets worldwide. There are fi ve economic outcomes. Even if a forecast which are discussed in this issue. categories of risk: yield, production, is technically accurate, it is the user Madrid07 aims to identify specific price volatility, and income, which can or decision-maker who ultimately actions to improve the uptake of be mitigated by accurate, timely, con- determines the benefi t and, hence, the weather-, climate- and water-related sistent, objective and widely available value, of the weather, climate or water information by users. hydrometeorological information. 2 | WMO Bulletin 56 (1) - January 2007 In a specifi c example of the impact challenging and technical and socio- forecasting in West Africa has devel- of climate on agricultural production, economic process that must involve oped over the last 25 years and how Gawander describes the sensitivity the cooperation of scientists in many daily and seasonal information has of Fiji’s sugar cane industry. Sugar disciplines, including climatologists, been used to improve agricultural cane is a major revenue earner meteorologists and hydrologists to productivity and water management in Fiji contributing up to 12 per advise and inform engineers, planners through National Meteorological cent of Gross Domestic Product and system operators. and Services and the African Cen- and employing 25 per cent of the tre of Meteorological Application for workforce. The industry is particularly Climate and weather information Development. susceptible to climate variability and features prominently in modern extreme weather events. While the building codes, but must also be Underlying each of these articles is relationships between the crop and the considered in the preservation of the recognition that weather, climate environmental conditions are known our ancient monuments. The article and water services exist to provide and mitigation is possible, the lack of
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