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Mykola MERKULOV

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Mykola MERKULOV Наука і освіта українського Придунав’я: виміри, виклики, перспективи Flowcs-Williams I. The role of Cluster Facilitators. TCI Preparatory Coarse. Gothenburg, 16.09.2003. Regional Clusters in Europe. Observation of European SMEs. №3. Luxemburg: Office for Official Publication of European Commuities. 2002. Mykola MERKULOV Doctor of Economics, Professor of the Department of Business and Tourism Management Izmail State University of Humanities. Author of 320 scientific papers. He has been working at IDGU since 2015. Research interests: innovation and investment development of industrial enterprises, regional economy, strategy development of the national economy. Е-mail: [email protected] DEVELOPMENT OF CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION IN THE DANUBE REGION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EUROPEAN INTEGRATION PROCESS It is presented how European integration provides new opportunities for Ukraine and its regions. At the same time, the integration of Ukraine into the European economic space requires the elaboration of its own competitive strategy for each of the cross-border regions, ensuring the formation of appropriate public ideology of their competitiveness. Key words: cross-border cooperation, European integration, the Danube region. The enlargement of the European Union in the context of the transformation of structural priorities and the globalization of the world economy necessitates the search for approaches to adapting cross-border regions to new challenges, especially in terms of increasing their competitiveness. With the change of the vector of economic integration of European states in the foreign policy of Ukraine there have been significant changes that require the development of economic strategy in the regional aspect. As a country bordering the European Union, Ukraine has both prospects and responsibilities for the development of cross-border relations in order to fulfil the tasks, which are set by the EU-Ukraine Partnership and Cooperation Agreement, which allows for the intensification of economic growth in border regions. Under the conditions of global threats, the factors of economic security are not so much the dynamics of production and the availability of natural resources, as the territorial concentration of economic activity, which corresponds to global challenges. The competitiveness of the territory should be understood as its ability to achieve productivity growth and effectively use all types of capital (natural, industrial, financial, human) to enter the global market, becoming a catalyst in the system of commodity, financial and scientific and technological exchanges. Today, the world order is defined around the great poles of power. The European Union, with its growing economic importance, is becoming a pole that requires the development and implementation of a model of relations between peripheral regions of different countries, which would meet the principles of regional policy of the EU, contributed to new forms of cooperation in the «region – region». Exacerbation of global instability at the beginning of the XXI century. calls for the development of new forms of 380 Science and Education of the Ukrainian Danube region: Opportunities, Challenges, Prospects cross-border cooperation alongside Euroregions: cross-border clusters, cross-border industrial zones, cross-border partnerships, cross-border innovation projects, etc. For Ukraine, European integration is still seen as a long-term goal, for the realization of which it is necessary to achieve real success in socio-economic development and the creation of a competitive economy. And for this it is necessary, first of all, to transform the sectoral structural priorities of the economy. With the intensification of globalization, Ukraine, as a participant in the international division of labour, is involved in sectoral structural and technological changes, which take place in the world economy. The ideas of the Washington Consensus, which defined qualitative transformations in the post-Soviet countries, are related to the globalization of the world economy, primarily through the liberalization of foreign economic relations and the strengthening of the processes of openness of economies. The relevance of this research lies in the fact that the cross-border cooperation places an important role in improving the competitiveness of peripheral border regions, reducing spatial differentiation between border and inland subregions, on the one hand, and weak development of theoretical and methodological aspects of cross-border cooperation, on the other hand. In the works of domestic scientists – O. Amosha, P. Bilenky, B. Burkinsky, A. Galchinsky, M. Voynarenko, V. Geets, V. Dergachev, V. Dubnytsky, V. Zakharchenko, V. Kravtsiv, V. Lyashenko, Yu. Makogon, N. Mikula, S. Sokolenko, S. Filippova and others, – the processes of globalization are connected with the information revolution of the 1990s, which was the result of the transition of the economy to a new technological system, the distinguishing feature of which are new structural priorities that form the vector of global structural development in light of qualitative changes, which have occurred and are considered as a kind of signal for the economy of Ukraine in choosing the optimal strategy for economic growth. In a post-industrial society, cross-border production cooperation is an economic tool to increase the competitiveness of Euroregions in terms of scientific and technological progress and the introduction of innovative technologies of a new technological way. It is the competitiveness of cross-border regions that is an important condition for Ukraine’s integration into the global market, and Euroregions intensify their development in the context of globalization. 1. Economic condition of the Ukrainian Danube Region. The Ukrainian Danube Region has a unique economic and geographical position, as the Danube is one of the most important transport arteries in Europe. This means that a large amount of cargo passes through the river, which must then be distributed in the Black Sea ports. It turns out that Dobrogea and Budjak, which are adjacent to both the Danube and the Black Sea, are the key to Europe. Further integration of Ukraine, Romania and Moldova into the European structure requires the development and implementation of such a model of relations between the regions of different countries, which will meet the principles of European Union regional policy, which will contribute to the formation of new forms of cooperation. Euroregion «Lower Danube» with an area of 53 thousand square km and with population of almost 4 million persons is one of the largest and most dynamic Euroregions, in terms of their development. The agreement on the establishment, statute and regulations of «The Lower Danube Euroregion» was signed on August 14, 1998 in Galati (Romania) by the heads of the border regions: Ukraine (Odessa region), Moldova (Vulcanesti, Cahul, Cantemir districts) and Romania (counties: Braila, Galati and Tulcea). The agreement was signed in accordance with the provisions of the Protocol on Tripartite Cooperation between 381 Наука і освіта українського Придунав’я: виміри, виклики, перспективи the Governments of Ukraine, Moldova and Romania, signed in Izmail on July 4, 1997, and the agreements reached during the meeting of the three presidents and the European Framework Convention on Transfrontier Co-operation between communities or authorities, which was adopted in Madrid on 21.05.1980. The participants of the Euroregion include Odessa region (Ukraine), Cahul and Cantemir districts (Moldova), Braila, Galati, Tulcea counties (Romania). Areas of cooperation in accordance with the statute of the Euroregion are: 1) ecology, agriculture and spatial planning (in particular, coordination of programs for environmental protection the basin of the lower Danube, Prut, Siret and Dniester, Danube delta; Danube lakes and floodplains; development of joint programs for conservation of fishery resources of the Danube, Dniester and Prut; development and implementation of joint measures to create new and expand existing natural landscape reserves, solving problems of rational use of resources of the Danube, Dniester, Prut and Black Sea, their environmental protection; coordination of joint efforts to provide the population with quality drinking water; coordination of joint activities to protect the soil and atmosphere, coordinating programs for joint action in the event of fires, floods and other natural disasters); 2) economic relations and labour resources (in particular, development of joint programs on regional economic cooperation for maximum use of regional natural and labour resources of the parties; development of a single information system with databases in environmental, economic and commercial spheres, promotion of joint commercial enterprises and banks with joint capital; promoting the creation of free economic zones (free enterprise zones) with further integration into a single international free economic zone, establishment of relations of cooperation in industrial and agricultural production and processing of agricultural products; transport; in the field of trade in industrial, agricultural and food products; coordination of tariffs in the field of transit transportation of cargo. As the seaports of Odessa region and the Romanian provinces are leaders in the field of maritime transport in the Black Sea region, close cooperation and coordination between them will have a positive impact on the performance of transit
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