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Bienvenido Antonio Caso: Expanding BIENVENIDO ANTONIO CASO: EXPANDING THE BORDERS OF SOCIAL THEORY by ADRL\N DE LA ROSA CASTILLO, B.A. A THESIS IN SOCIOLOGY Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS Approved Accepted May, 2002 Copyright 2002, Adrian De La Rosa Castillo ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to say thank you to my parents, Enrique and Dora De La Rosa, for always being not only great parents, but for also being the best role models that I could possibly have. Muchas gracias por todo. I would also like to thaiUc my siblings, Henry De La Rosa and Daayana R. De La Rosa, both of whom have continued to support me in everything that I do. Many things have changed now that we are older, but my love for the both of you is as strong today as it has ever been. Thank you to my fiiends and colleagues for continuously reminding me that life can still be fim, even while in graduate school. Lastly, I would like to thank my Thesis Chair, Dr. Julie Harms Carmon, and my Thesis Committee Member Dr. D. Paul Johnson. I appreciate your guidance and support throughout this entire process. You have both allowed me to express myself and I tmly respect the both of you. I dedicate this work to my nephew Aaron Rodriguez De La Rosa. As I worked on this thesis, I had some very stressful moments alleviated by your smiles, hugs, and kisses. I hope this work in some way helps the educational system in this country expand to include different perspectives, including your own in the future. TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. SCOPE AND LIMITS OF SOCIAL THEORY 7 Weil-Known versus Lesser-Known Sociologists 8 No Latino Sociologists 12 III. TIME FOR A CHANGE: HOOKS AND FREIRE 14 Paulo Freire 15 bell hooks 19 Educational Change—Importance for Latinos 20 IV. DIFFERENT THEORISTS, DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES 24 Antonio Caso 25 The Man 27 The Work 31 Theme 1: Education 32 Theme 2: Socialism 36 W.E.B. Du Bois 42 The Man 44 The Work 49 Theme 1: Education 50 Theme 2: Socialism 58 V. IMPORTANCE OF PERSPECTIVES FOR DU BOIS AND CASO 63 Du Bois and Caso: Formation of Spirit 64 Du Bois and Caso: Different Steps Toward Freedom 67 VI. CONCLUSION 71 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 80 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION I have decided to write about a Mexican sociologist by the name of Antonio Caso. I am suggesting that now is the time to widen the spectrum of social theorists studied in college classrooms across the country to include a Latino perspective. This new perspective, alongside those of recently acknowledged sociologists such as W.E.B. Du Bois, will add to the understanding of society by allowing voices that all too often get lost in the dominant culture to be heard. These voices, because of the different cultures and backgrounds that shape what they say, have many important lessons for a society that is increasingly composed of their people. In the following sections I discuss the works of Antonio Caso and W.E.B. Du Bois. Both Caso and Du Bois mirror each other's work, but more importantly mirror the social reality that exists in the United States. They represent two of the largest minority groups in the United States, and yet have very limited incorporation into the curriculum of sociology. Du Bois has only recently been included into sociological curriculums, and I have never heard nor read about Caso in any of my undergraduate or graduate level sociology classes. Du Bois' relatively recent inclusion in sociology has allowed many students a minority perspective to relate with, but the specific exclusion of any Latino perspective has left me feeling out of place at different points in my educational Ccireer. Imagine sitting in a room where everyone else is wearing white, and you are the only person wearing red. Imagine how uncomfortable you feel, as you look around, and notice that this difference makes you stick out. Imagine how you desperately seek someone else that is also different in the room, someone that you can relate with.. .someone who understands what if feels to be different. Finally, seeing that you are alone, you give up searching. Instead you sit back, comfortable in your difference, yet hoping that other people, different people, would also come in to save you from being alone. This feeling is one that I know all too well. I have attended a University where the Latino population is very small, and I have often felt alone in my thoughts and ideas. I am currently the only Mexican^ in my department as I pursue my master's degree. I have sat in a room where I am the only minority member. Even then, I have said my piece. I have given my opinion; even if currently it is something only another person of Mexican descent can understand. I do this because I think it is very important for others to understand my Mexican influence and way of thinking. It is important because this way of thinking has dramatically increased as of lately, according to the 2000 US Census, which shows that the Latino population is quickly growing. I think others need a clearer or more accurate view of the world that includes me and my culture, and our way of thinking, as well as others. So far, in college, I have read and studied a predominanfly white, male perspective. This is very important, because there are many white male influences on our society. I need to understand that perspective in order to tmly understand this society. However, this is not the only group in our society, so why is this the only group focused ' I must explain my use of the word "Mexican" in describing myself. I am a first generation United States citizen. Both of my parents are from Mexico, and so therefore I am also Mexican. 1 do not like the term "Mexican American" because it is redundant. Mexicans are also Americans because Mexico is also a part of the Americas. I also choose not to use the term "Hispanic" because it is a name assigned to 0 upon? To look around a classroom, and see that I am the only minority is one obstacle that I have managed to surpass. Another obstacle I have noticed is that we are also left out of the curriculum. Our voice, and our opinions seem to lack importance, and are easily put aside. Yet, I know this to be unfair. I know that my voice, my Latino voice, my minority voice, is important. It is important because I also have an opinion about what is going on in society, because I also live in this society. Even more so, because I have not only seen social problems, but also I have lived them. I describe and explain a problem not only from what a textbook tells me, but also by what I know. This is material that most students in institutions of higher learning do not see, nor read, but is very important in their understanding of what society tmly is. I have been placed in situations in institutions of higher learning where my perspective has been stifled. I have been told that what I know, and what I feel is not a reality. My understanding of a problem, a social problem involving race, is not real, but instead something imagined and unimportant. Why is it this the case? Could it be that the lack of minority input, minority perspectives in educational curriculums, is already affecting our society? I think so. This being the case, I continuously approach my studies the only way I know how, from a Mexican perspective. For example, when presented with a term paper about social theorists, I took this chance to introduce a Mexican sociologist by the name of Antonio Caso. I came up with this idea because my peers chose a theorist that they could relate to. Specifically, a close friend, who is African American, chose to write about Spanish-speaking people in the United States by the government. I would rather label myself, and I choose 3 W.E.B. Du Bois, an African American sociologist. I lacked someone I could relate to in the same sense. This is not to say that I do not appreciate the "better-known" textbook sociologists, or even the not-as-weU-known sociologists, such as W.E.B. Du Bois. On the contrary, as I mentioned earlier, I think my understanding of their work is cmcial in my understanding of society. But I also think it is equally important for other individuals in a learning environment, specifically people in the discipline of sociology, both students and instmctors, to understand a minority perspective. In fact, Du Bois' work appeals to me very much since we are both minorities in the same society. His perspective, that of an African American in the United States, is similar to that of Latinos in the United States in that both are minorities in a stmcturally oppressive society that negatively affects both groups. Even so, I think Latino perspectives should also be included because it is not exactly the same as that of African Americans. So, I took it upon myself to search for a Latino sociologist. I searched online for Latino sociologists, specifically a Mexican sociologist. My search was not productive. I then decided to search Mexican web sites. Again, my search did not work as well as I had hoped.
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