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PDF Van Tekst Vooys. Jaargang 33 bron Vooys. Jaargang 33. Stichting Tijdschrift Vooys, Utrecht 2015 Zie voor verantwoording: https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_voo013201501_01/colofon.php Let op: werken die korter dan 140 jaar geleden verschenen zijn, kunnen auteursrechtelijk beschermd zijn. i.s.m. 3 [Nummer 1] Redactioneel Eens in de zoveel tijd is Vooys klaar voor een kleine verandering. Dit keer betreft het de invulling van de 33e jaargang, die met dit nummer ingaat. Er zijn twee nieuwe rubrieken aan de inhoud van Vooys toegevoegd, getiteld ‘Nieuwe Buitelingen’ en ‘Stijlbreuk’. We volgen eerst de gebruikelijke weg en u leest het artikel van promovenda Ryanne Keltjens, die het concept middlebrow gebruikt om licht te schijnen op de literair criticus Gerard van Eckeren, waarbij ze aantoont dat achter profileringen en poëticale uitspraken uiteenlopende belangen en beweegredenen schuil kunnen gaan. Vervolgens belandt u bij het artikel van universitair docent Onno Kosters waarin vraagtekens worden gezet bij een gangbare interpretatie van James Joyce’ verhalenbundel Dubliners. Promovenda Inge van de Ven onderzoekt wat de overeenkomsten zijn tussen de monumentale roman en de hedendaagse big data-cultuur. Daarvoor gebruikt Van de Ven de serie autobiografische romans Mijn Strijd van de Noorse auteur Karl Ove Knausgård. Hierna leest u het artikel van Bjorn Schrijen, die met de casus van Jacob Kortebrant onderzoekt hoe deze dichter gestalte gaf aan de herdenking van de Vrede van Münster. In het essay dat hierop volgt betoogt student Roy de Jong dat het filosofische concept van het sublieme zeer vruchtbaar toegepast kan worden op de poëtica van Willem Frederik Hermans. Als u hierna de bladzijde omslaat, overvalt u misschien een korte periode van verbazing. Dat is precies wat Vooys wil bereiken met de nieuwe rubriek ‘Stijlbreuk’, die voor dit nummer verzorgd wordt door Thomas Heerma van Voss. Daarop volgt een memorabel interview met Ilja Leonard Pfeijffer, met wie redacteurs Aafje de Roest en Levi van der Veur spraken over engagement, auteursidentiteit en meer. In Verstand van Zaken werkt Lisa Kuitert, hoogleraar Boekwetenschap, een korte geschiedenis uit van crises in het uitgeverswezen, waarna zij ingaat op de meest recente ontwikkelingen. Voor de nieuwe rubriek ‘Nieuwe Buitelingen’ reisde redacteur Tessa Koelewijn af naar Maastricht. In vijfhonderd woorden doet zij verslag van haar ervaringen bij de poëzieroute. Voor In de Kast spreekt dichter Dennis Gaens op een onconventionele manier zijn waardering uit over de bundel Broken Poems van skateboarder en dichter Mark Gonzales. De columnreeks van deze jaargang wordt door docenten Nederlands verzorgd, in deze editie door Gerrit Dannenberg. Hij gaat in op de inhoud van de verplichte leeslijst, diens onderhevigheid aan de identiteit van de school en wat deze betekent voor scholieren. Tot slot nog twee recensies: Laurens Ham recenseert het boek Ethos and Narrative Interpretation van Liesbeth Korthals-Altes, en Helwi Blom bespreekt Schokkende boeken, dat onder redactie staat van Rick Honings, Lotte Jensen en Olga van Marion. Vooys. Jaargang 33 6 Ryanne Keltjens ‘Het avontuurlijk land van schrijvers en schrifturen’ Gerard van Eckeren als middlebrow-criticus Middlebrow is binnen het literaire onderzoeksveld een zeer vruchtbaar concept gebleken om verschillende, voorheen onbelichte aspecten van de literatuur(kritiek) in het interbellum aan het licht te brengen. In dit artikel maakt promovenda Ryanne Keltjens gebruik van dit zoeklicht om de positie van de literair criticus Gerard van Eckeren (1876-1951) te analyseren. Deze verzorgde zo'n vijf jaar de recensierubriek ‘Het boek van de week’ in het tijdschrift Eigen Haard en profileerde zich hier publiekelijk veelal als middlebrowcriticus. Aan de hand van Van Eckerens privécorrespondentie schetst Keltjens een meer genuanceerd beeld van de positionering van deze criticus en - in het verlengde hiervan - van het onderscheid tussen middle- en highbrow in de praktijk van het literaire veld. In oktober 1934 maakte de toen zevenenvijftigjarige criticus Gerard van Eckeren (pseudoniem van Maurits Esser, 1876-1951) zijn debuut in het familietijdschrift Eigen Haard. Naast de vervolgverhalen, schoonheidsadviezen en fotoreportages over reizen, planten en bijzondere diersoorten verscheen vanaf dat moment zijn nieuwe rubriek ‘Het boek van de week’, waarin hij wekelijks een recent verschenen Nederlands(talig)e roman recenseerde.1 Van Eckeren was in die tijd een bekende naam in het literaire circuit en onder boekenliefhebbers. Lezers kenden hem vooral als criticus en redacteur van het boekentijdschrift Den Gulden Winckel, waarvoor hij al ruim dertig jaar werkzaam was, maar ook als schrijver van psychologisch-realistische romans als Ida Westerman (1908) en De wrok van het bloed (1922). De redactie van Eigen Haard wist dus waaraan zij begon toen zij de ervaren criticus binnenhaalde. Dat Van Eckeren ruimschoots aan de verwachtingen voldeed, blijkt wel uit de lof van de redactie die hem ten deel viel bij zijn zestigste verjaardag: ‘Hij kent het boek en het métier als weinigen en heeft vooral van compositie meer begrip dan velen, in één woord: de beste boekbeoordeelaar, dien wij hebben kunnen vinden en op wien Eigen Haard trotsch is.’ (Redactie Eigen Haard 1936) Dat Van Eckeren als criticus bij Eigen Haard op zijn plaats was, had ongetwijfeld te maken met zijn kritische taakopvatting. Van Eckeren was één van de nu veelal verge- 1 Voor die tijd kende Eigen Haard de rubriek ‘Uit boek en blad’, bestaande uit een pagina met meerdere korte, anonieme boekbesprekingen. Deze rubriek bestond van 1922 tot oktober 1934. De recensies in ‘Het boek van de week’ waren beduidend langer (meestal anderhalve pagina groot) en werden alle geschreven en ondertekend door Van Eckeren. Vooys. Jaargang 33 7 ten critici uit het interbellum die voor de literatuurkritiek een sociale functie weggelegd zagen. Hij beoefende een vorm van kritiek die in recent wetenschappelijk onderzoek wel wordt aangeduid met het concept middlebrow.2 Het is opvallend dat Van Eckeren pas in 1934, toen hij als criticus bij Eigen Haard aantrad, voor het eerst de noodzaak voelde om zijn kritische doelstellingen en positie expliciet toe te lichten. In het programmatische openingsartikel van zijn nieuwe rubriek profileerde hij zich als een typische middlebrow-criticus en distantieerde hij zich van vormen van kritiek die als highbrow kunnen worden aangemerkt. Ondanks die scherpe afbakening onderhield Van Eckeren in de jaren dertig intensieve professionele en sociale contacten met vertegenwoordigers van de Nederlandse highbrow-kritiek. Uit zijn persoonlijke contacten met deze critici komt een heel ander beeld naar voren: in plaats van distantie was er sprake van samenwerking, aansluiting en wederzijdse erkenning. Bovendien lagen aan zijn werkzaamheden voor Eigen Haard ook andere belangen ten grondslag dan die van de lezer, die in zijn openingsartikel zo'n centrale rol speelden. Er bestond dus een zekere discrepantie tussen zijn publieke profilering en zijn gedrag achter de schermen. In dit artikel laat ik zien hoe deze discrepantie zich manifesteerde in de jaren rond Van Eckerens aanstelling bij Eigen Haard. Daarmee wil ik het belang onderstrepen van een combinatie van een tekstuele en een institutionele benadering. Kennis van sociale factoren kan poëticale uitspraken namelijk in een totaal ander licht plaatsen. Zo blijkt de begrenzing van de door actoren zelf gemarkeerde domeinen (in dit geval high- en middlebrow-kritiek) in de praktijk van het literaire veld regelmatig complexer te zijn dan hun uitspraken suggereren. (Vergelijk: Dorleijn et al. 2009: 33) Middlebrow: bemiddeling en battle of the brows Tot voor kort bestond er in Nederland weinig wetenschappelijke aandacht voor critici als Gerard van Eckeren, Herman Robbers, P.H. Ritter junior en Roel Houwink. Deze critici zagen zichzelf als literaire gids voor het algemene lezerspubliek dat behoefte zou hebben aan informatie en voorlichting in tijden van overproductie. (Sanders 2008: 313, 329; Dorleijn 2009: 24) In de literatuurgeschiedschrijving zijn zij grotendeels ondergesneeuwd geraakt door het schriftelijke geweld van polemische critici die niets met het grote publiek te maken wilden hebben, zoals Menno ter Braak, E. du Perron en de andere ‘jongeren’ rondom het tijdschrift Forum (1932-1935). (Sanders 2008: 312-313; Van Boven en Sanders 2011) Toch speelden zij een belangrijke rol in een literair landschap dat ingrijpend veranderd was. Onder invloed van verschillende ontwikkelingen zoals democratisering, een stijging van het algemene onderwijsniveau en toegenomen 2 Onderzoek naar de Nederlandse middlebrow-literatuur wordt op dit moment uitgevoerd binnen het NWO-project ‘Dutch middlebrow literature 1930-1940: production, distribution, reception’, onder leiding van prof. dr. E.M.A. van Boven (RUG) en dr. M.P.J. Sanders (RUN). De auteur van dit artikel werkt binnen dit project aan een dissertatie over de Nederlandse middlebrow-kritiek, onder de titel ‘Dutch middlebrow literature 1930-1940: forms of middlebrow criticism’. Zie ook de projectwebsite: <middlebrow.nl>. Vooys. Jaargang 33 8 welvaart was het lezerspubliek sterk gegroeid en van samenstelling veranderd. De enorme groei van de boekenmarkt in deze periode creëerde een grotere behoefte aan sturing en classificatie van het aanbod en daarbij speelden deze bemiddelende critici een prominente rol. (Zie onder meer: Van Boven 2009: 45-47, Sanders 2012: 337-339) Zij beschouwden het als hun taak nieuwe en bestaande lezersgroepen voor te lichten
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